TEDGlobal 2011
Bunker Roy: Learning from a barefoot movement
Bunker Roy: At lære fra en barfodsbevægelse
Filmed:
Readability: 3.1
4,300,944 views
I Rajasthan, Indien, uddanner en usædvanlig skole mænd og kvinder fra landområder -- mange af dem analfabeter -- til at blive solingeniører, håndværkere, tandlæger og læger i deres egne landsbyer. Den bliver kaldt Barfodsuniversitetet, og dens grundlægger, Bunker Roy, forklarer, hvordan den fungerer.
Bunker Roy - Educator
Sanjit “Bunker” Roy is the founder of Barefoot College, which helps rural communities becomes self-sufficient. Full bio
Sanjit “Bunker” Roy is the founder of Barefoot College, which helps rural communities becomes self-sufficient. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
I'd like to take you to another world.
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Jeg vil gerne tage jer til en anden verden.
00:19
And I'd like to share
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Og jeg vil gerne dele
00:21
a 45 year-old love story
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en 45 år gammel kærlighedshistorie
00:25
with the poor,
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med de fattige,
00:28
living on less than one dollar a day.
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der overlever på mindre end en dollar om dagen.
00:33
I went to a very elitist, snobbish,
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Jeg gik på en meget elitær, snobbet,
00:37
expensive education in India,
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dyr uddannelse i Indien,
00:41
and that almost destroyed me.
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og den ødelagde mig næsten.
00:46
I was all set
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Jeg var helt klar
00:48
to be a diplomat, teacher, doctor --
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til at blive en diplomat, lærer, læge --
00:51
all laid out.
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alt lå klart.
00:55
Then, I don't look it, but I was the Indian national squash champion
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Desuden, jeg ser ikke sådan ud, men jeg var Indiens bedste squashspiller
00:58
for three years.
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i tre år.
01:00
(Laughter)
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(Latter)
01:02
The whole world was laid out for me.
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Hele verden lå for mig.
01:05
Everything was at my feet.
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Alt var for mine fødder.
01:07
I could do nothing wrong.
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Jeg kunne ikke gøre noget forkert.
01:10
And then I thought out of curiosity
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Og så tænkte jeg af nysgerrighed,
01:12
I'd like to go and live and work
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jeg kunne tænke mig at leve og arbejde
01:14
and just see what a village is like.
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og bare se, hvordan en landsby er.
01:16
So in 1965,
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Så i 1965
01:18
I went to what was called the worst Bihar famine in India,
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tog jeg til det, der blev kaldt værste hungersnød i Bihar i Indien
01:22
and I saw starvation, death,
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og jeg så sult, død,
01:25
people dying of hunger, for the first time.
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folk, der døde af sult, for første gang.
01:28
It changed my life.
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Det forandrede mit liv.
01:31
I came back home,
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Jeg kom hjem,
01:33
told my mother,
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fortalte min mor,
01:35
"I'd like to live and work in a village."
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"Jeg vil gerne leve og arbejde i en landsby."
01:38
Mother went into a coma.
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Mor gik i koma.
01:40
(Laughter)
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(Latter)
01:43
"What is this?
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"Hvad betyder det?
01:45
The whole world is laid out for you, the best jobs are laid out for you,
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Verden ligger foran dig, de bedste jobs ligger foran dig,
01:48
and you want to go and work in a village?
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og du vil gerne arbejde i en landsby?
01:50
I mean, is there something wrong with you?"
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Jeg mener, er der noget galt med dig?"
01:52
I said, "No, I've got the best eduction.
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Jeg sagde, "Nej, jeg fik den bedste uddannelse.
01:54
It made me think.
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Den fik mig til at tænke.
01:56
And I wanted to give something back
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Og jeg ville give noget tilbage
01:59
in my own way."
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på min egen måde."
02:01
"What do you want to do in a village?
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"Hvad vil du lave i en landsby?
02:03
No job, no money,
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Intet arbejde, ingen penge,
02:05
no security, no prospect."
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ingen sikkerhed, ingen udsigter."
02:07
I said, "I want to live
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Jeg sagde, "Jeg vil leve
02:09
and dig wells for five years."
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og grave brønde i fem år."
02:12
"Dig wells for five years?
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"Grave brønde i fem år?
02:14
You went to the most expensive school and college in India,
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Du gik på den dyreste skole og universitet i Indien,
02:17
and you want to dig wells for five years?"
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og du vil grave brønde i fem år?"
02:19
She didn't speak to me for a very long time,
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Hun talte ikke til mig i meget lang tid,
02:23
because she thought I'd let my family down.
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fordi hun syntes, jeg havde skuffet min familie.
02:28
But then,
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Men så
02:30
I was exposed to the most extraordinary knowledge and skills
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blev jeg vist den mest usædvanlige viden og evner,
02:33
that very poor people have,
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som meget fattige folk har,
02:35
which are never brought into the mainstream --
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der aldrig bliver trukket frem i mainstream --
02:38
which is never identified, respected,
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som aldrig bliver identificeret, respekteret,
02:40
applied on a large scale.
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sat i en større sammenhæng.
02:42
And I thought I'd start a Barefoot College --
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Og jeg tænkte, jeg ville starte et Barfodsuniversitet --
02:44
college only for the poor.
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universitet kun for de fattige.
02:46
What the poor thought was important
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Det, de fattige anså for vigtigt,
02:48
would be reflected in the college.
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skulle reflekteres i universitetet.
02:52
I went to this village for the first time.
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Jeg tog hen til den her landsby for første gang.
02:54
Elders came to me
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De ældre kom til mig
02:56
and said, "Are you running from the police?"
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og sagde, "Er du på flugt fra politiet?"
02:58
I said, "No."
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Jeg sagde, "Nej."
03:00
(Laughter)
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(Latter)
03:04
"You failed in your exam?"
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"Dumpede du din eksamen?"
03:06
I said, "No."
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Jeg sagde, "Nej."
03:08
"You didn't get a government job?" I said, "No."
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"Fik du ikke et regeringsjob?" Jeg sagde, "Nej."
03:11
"What are you doing here?
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"Hvad laver du her?
03:13
Why are you here?
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Hvorfor er du her?
03:15
The education system in India
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Uddannelsessystemet i Indien
03:17
makes you look at Paris and New Delhi and Zurich;
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får dig til at se på Paris og New Delhi og Zürich;
03:20
what are you doing in this village?
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hvad laver du i denne landsby?
03:22
Is there something wrong with you you're not telling us?"
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Er der noget galt med dig, du ikke fortæller os?"
03:25
I said, "No, I want to actually start a college
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Jeg sagde, "Nej, jeg vil faktisk gerne starte et universitet
03:28
only for the poor.
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kun for de fattige.
03:30
What the poor thought was important would be reflected in the college."
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Det, de fattige anså for vigtigt, skulle reflekteres i universitetet."
03:33
So the elders gave me some very sound and profound advice.
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Så gav de ældre mig et meget klogt og dybt råd.
03:37
They said, "Please,
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De sagde, "Vær venlig
03:39
don't bring anyone with a degree and qualification
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ikke at tage nogen med en grad eller kvalifikation
03:42
into your college."
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ind i dit universitet."
03:44
So it's the only college in India
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Så det er det eneste universitet i Indien,
03:47
where, if you should have a Ph.D. or a Master's,
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hvor, hvis du skulle have en Ph.D. eller en kandidat,
03:50
you are disqualified to come.
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er du diskvalificeret til at komme.
03:52
You have to be a cop-out or a wash-out or a dropout
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Man er nødt til at være en fiasko eller dumpet eller droppet ud
03:57
to come to our college.
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for at komme til vores universitet.
04:00
You have to work with your hands.
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Man er nødt til at arbejde med sine hænder.
04:02
You have to have a dignity of labor.
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Man er nødt til at kunne arbejde.
04:04
You have to show that you have a skill that you can offer to the community
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Man er nødt til at vise, at man har en evne, som man kan tilbyde samfundet
04:07
and provide a service to the community.
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og yde en tjeneste for samfundet.
04:10
So we started the Barefoot College,
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Så vi startede Barfodsuniversitetet,
04:13
and we redefined professionalism.
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og vi omdefinerede professionalisme.
04:15
Who is a professional?
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Hvem er professionel?
04:17
A professional is someone
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En professionel er en,
04:19
who has a combination of competence,
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der har en kombination af kompetence,
04:21
confidence and belief.
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selvtillid og tro.
04:24
A water diviner is a professional.
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En vandfinder er en professionel.
04:27
A traditional midwife
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En traditionel jordemor
04:29
is a professional.
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er en professionel.
04:31
A traditional bone setter is a professional.
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En traditionel kurvesætter er en professionel.
04:34
These are professionals all over the world.
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Der er professionelle over hele verden.
04:36
You find them in any inaccessible village around the world.
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Man finder dem i enhver utilgængelig landsby verden over.
04:40
And we thought that these people should come into the mainstream
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Og vi syntes, at disse folk skulle komme ind i mainstream
04:43
and show that the knowledge and skills that they have
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og vise, at den viden og de evner, som de har,
04:46
is universal.
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er universelle.
04:48
It needs to be used, needs to be applied,
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De skal bruges, skal udnyttes,
04:50
needs to be shown to the world outside --
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skal vises for verden udenfor --
04:52
that these knowledge and skills
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at denne viden og disse evner
04:54
are relevant even today.
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er relevante selv i dag.
04:58
So the college works
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Så universitetet fungerer
05:00
following the lifestyle and workstyle of Mahatma Gandhi.
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efter Mahatma Gandhis livsstil og arbejdsstil.
05:04
You eat on the floor, you sleep on the floor, you work on the floor.
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Man spiser gulvet, man sover på gulvet, man arbejder på gulvet.
05:08
There are no contracts, no written contracts.
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Der er ingen kontrakter, ingen skrevne kontrakter.
05:10
You can stay with me for 20 years, go tomorrow.
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Man kan hos mig i 20 år, forlade mig i morgen.
05:13
And no one can get more than $100 a month.
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Og ingen kan tjene mere end $100 om måneden.
05:16
You come for the money, you don't come to Barefoot College.
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Hvis man kommer for pengenes skyld, kommer man ikke til Barfodsuniversitetet.
05:19
You come for the work and the challenge,
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Hvis man kommer for arbejdet og udfordringen,
05:21
you'll come to the Barefoot College.
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kommer man til Barfodsuniversitetet.
05:23
That is where we want you to try crazy ideas.
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Det er der, vi vil have en til at prøve og skabe idéerne.
05:26
Whatever idea you have, come and try it.
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Uanset hvilken idé man skulle have, kom og afprøv den.
05:28
It doesn't matter if you fail.
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Det betyder ikke noget om man fejler.
05:30
Battered, bruised, you start again.
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Medtaget, skrammet, man prøver forfra.
05:33
It's the only college where the teacher is the learner
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Det er det eneste universitet, hvor læreren er eleven,
05:36
and the learner is the teacher.
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og eleven er læreren.
05:39
And it's the only college where we don't give a certificate.
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Og det er det eneste universitet, hvor vi ikke uddeler beviser.
05:42
You are certified by the community you serve.
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Man bliver certificeret af samfundet, man tjener.
05:45
You don't need a paper to hang on the wall
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Man behøver ikke et papir til at hænge på væggen
05:47
to show that you are an engineer.
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for at vise, at man er en ingeniør.
05:52
So when I said that,
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Så da jeg sagde det,
05:54
they said, "Well show us what is possible. What are you doing?
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sagde de, "Nå, vis os, hvad der er muligt. Hvad laver du?
05:57
This is all mumbo-jumbo if you can't show it on the ground."
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Dette er alt sammen snik-snak, hvis du ikke kan vise det i praksis."
06:01
So we built the first Barefoot College
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Så vi byggede det første Barfodsuniversitet
06:04
in 1986.
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i 1986.
06:07
It was built by 12 Barefoot architects
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Det blev bygget af 12 Barfods-arkitekter,
06:09
who can't read and write,
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der ikke kan læse og skrive,
06:11
built on $1.50 a sq. ft.
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bygget for $1,50 pr. kvadratfor.
06:14
150 people lived there, worked there.
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150 personer boede der, arbejdede der.
06:18
They got the Aga Khan Award for Architecture in 2002.
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De fik Aga Khan Prisen i Arkitektur i 2002.
06:21
But then they suspected, they thought there was an architect behind it.
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Men så fik de mistanke om, at der var en arkitekt bag det hele.
06:24
I said, "Yes, they made the blueprints,
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Jeg sagde, "Ja, de lavede tegningerne,
06:26
but the Barefoot architects actually constructed the college."
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men Barfods-arkitekterne byggede selve universitetet."
06:31
We are the only ones who actually returned the award for $50,000,
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Vi er de eneste, der rent faktisk tilbageleverede prisen for $50.000,
06:34
because they didn't believe us,
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fordi de ikke troede på os,
06:36
and we thought that they were actually casting aspersions
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og vi syntes, de bare talte dårligt
06:40
on the Barefoot architects of Tilonia.
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om Tilonias Barfods-arkitekterne.
06:43
I asked a forester --
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Jeg spurgte en forstman --
06:45
high-powered, paper-qualified expert --
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fremtrædende, papir-kvalificeret ekspert --
06:48
I said, "What can you build in this place?"
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jeg sagde, "Hvad kan du bygge på dette sted?"
06:51
He had one look at the soil and said, "Forget it. No way.
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Han så én gang på jorden og sagde, "Glem det. På ingen måde.
06:53
Not even worth it.
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Ikke engang det værd.
06:55
No water, rocky soil."
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Intet vand, stenet jord."
06:57
I was in a bit of a spot.
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Jeg var lidt i knibe.
06:59
And I said, "Okay, I'll go to the old man in village
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Og jeg sagde, "Okay, jeg går til den gamle mand i landsbyen
07:01
and say, 'What should I grow in this spot?'"
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og siger, "Hvad bør jeg så på dette sted?"
07:04
He looked quietly at me and said,
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Han kiggede stille på mig og sagde,
07:06
"You build this, you build this, you put this, and it'll work."
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"Du bygger det, du bygger det, du lægger det, og det vil virke."
07:08
This is what it looks like today.
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Sådan ser det ud i dag.
07:12
Went to the roof,
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Gik op på taget,
07:14
and all the women said, "Clear out.
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og alle kvinderne sagde, "Smut.
07:16
The men should clear out because we don't want to share this technology with the men.
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Mændene skal smutte, for vi vil ikke dele denne teknologi med mændene.
07:19
This is waterproofing the roof."
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Vi tætner taget."
07:21
(Laughter)
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(Latter)
07:23
It is a bit of jaggery, a bit of urens
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Det er lidt palmesukker, lidt urin
07:26
and a bit of other things I don't know.
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og en smule andre ting, jeg ikke ved, hvad er.
07:28
But it actually doesn't leak.
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Men det lækker faktisk ikke.
07:30
Since 1986, it hasn't leaked.
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Siden 1986 har det ikke lækket.
07:33
This technology, the women will not share with the men.
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Denne teknologi vil kvinderne ikke dele med mændene.
07:36
(Laughter)
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(Latter)
07:39
It's the only college
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Det er det eneste universitet,
07:41
which is fully solar-electrified.
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der er fuldstændigt soldrevet.
07:45
All the power comes from the sun.
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Al strømmen kommer fra Solen.
07:47
45 kilowatts of panels on the roof.
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45 kilowatt paneler på taget.
07:49
And everything works off the sun for the next 25 years.
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Og alt virker vha. Solen i de næste 25 år.
07:51
So long as the sun shines,
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Så længe Solen skinner,
07:53
we'll have no problem with power.
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har vi intet problem med strøm.
07:55
But the beauty is
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Men skønheden består i,
07:57
that is was installed
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at det blev installeret
08:00
by a priest, a Hindu priest,
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af en præst, en hindu-præst,
08:03
who's only done eight years of primary schooling --
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der kun har gået otte år i folkeskole --
08:06
never been to school, never been to college.
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aldrig været på gymnasium, aldrig været på universitetet.
08:09
He knows more about solar
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Han kender mere til solteknologi
08:11
than anyone I know anywhere in the world guaranteed.
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end nogen anden, jeg kender noget sted i verden, garanteret.
08:17
Food, if you come to the Barefoot College,
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Mad, hvis man kommer til Barfodsuniversitetet,
08:19
is solar cooked.
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bliver sol-lavet.
08:22
But the people who fabricated that solar cooker
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Men folkene, der fremstillede det solkomfur,
08:25
are women,
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er kvinder,
08:28
illiterate women,
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analfabetiske kvinder,
08:30
who actually fabricate
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der faktisk fremstiller
08:32
the most sophisticated solar cooker.
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de mest sofistikerede sol-komfurer.
08:34
It's a parabolic Scheffler solar cooker.
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Det er et parabolsk, simpelt sol-komfur.
08:40
Unfortunately, they're almost half German,
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Desværre, er de næsten halvt tyskere,
08:44
they're so precise.
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de er så præcise.
08:46
(Laughter)
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(Latter)
08:48
You'll never find Indian women so precise.
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Man finder ikke andre indiske kvinder så præcise.
08:52
Absolutely to the last inch,
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Absolut til den sidste tomme,
08:54
they can make that cooker.
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kan de lave det komfur.
08:56
And we have 60 meals twice a day
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Og vi får 60 måltider to gange om dagen
08:58
of solar cooking.
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fra sol-madlavning.
09:00
We have a dentist --
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Vi har en tandlæge --
09:02
she's a grandmother, illiterate, who's a dentist.
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hun er bedstemor, analfabet og tandlæge.
09:05
She actually looks after the teeth
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Hun efterser faktisk tænderne
09:07
of 7,000 children.
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på 7.000 børn.
09:11
Barefoot technology:
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Barfodsteknologi:
09:13
this was 1986 -- no engineer, no architect thought of it --
201
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dette er fra 1986 -- ingen ingeniør, ingen arkitekt kom på det --
09:16
but we are collecting rainwater from the roofs.
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men vi samler regnvand fra tagene.
09:19
Very little water is wasted.
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Meget lidt vand bliver spildt.
09:21
All the roofs are connected underground
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Alle tagene er forbundne under jorden
09:23
to a 400,000 liter tank,
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til en 400.000 liters tank,
09:25
and no water is wasted.
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og intet vand bliver spildt.
09:27
If we have four years of drought, we still have water on the campus,
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Hvis vi har fire år med tørke, har vi stadig vand på campus,
09:30
because we collect rainwater.
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fordi vi samler regnvand.
09:32
60 percent of children don't go to school,
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60 procent af børnene går ikke i skole,
09:35
because they have to look after animals --
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fordi de er nødt til at se til dyrene ..
09:37
sheep, goats --
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får, geder --
09:39
domestic chores.
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kedeligt husarbejde.
09:41
So we thought of starting a school
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Så vi kom på at starte en skole
09:44
at night for the children.
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om natten for børnene.
09:46
Because the night schools of Tilonia,
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Tilonias skoler er om natten,
09:48
over 75,000 children have gone through these night schools.
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er over 75.000 børn kommet gennem disse natskoler.
09:51
Because it's for the convenience of the child;
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Fordi det er for barnets bekvemmelighed;
09:53
it's not for the convenience of the teacher.
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de er ikke for lærerens bekvemmelighed.
09:55
And what do we teach in these schools?
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Og hvad underviser vi i på disse skoler?
09:57
Democracy, citizenship,
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Demokrati, borgerskab,
09:59
how you should measure your land,
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hvordan man skal måle sit land,
10:02
what you should do if you're arrested,
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hvad man skal gøre, hvis man bliver arresteret,
10:04
what you should do if your animal is sick.
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hvad man skal gøre, hvis ens dyr bliver sygt.
10:08
This is what we teach in the night schools.
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Det er det, vi underviser i på natskolerne.
10:10
But all the schools are solar-lit.
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Men alle skolerne er soldrevne.
10:13
Every five years
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Hvert femte år
10:15
we have an election.
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har vi et valg.
10:17
Between six to 14 year-old children
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Børn på mellem 6 og 14 år
10:21
participate in a democratic process,
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deltager i en demokratisk proces,
10:24
and they elect a prime minister.
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og de vælger en premierminister.
10:28
The prime minister is 12 years old.
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Premierministeren er 12 år gammel.
10:32
She looks after 20 goats in the morning,
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Hun ser efter 20 geder om morgenen,
10:34
but she's prime minister in the evening.
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men hun er premierminister om aftenen.
10:37
She has a cabinet,
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Hun har en stab,
10:39
a minister of education, a minister for energy, a minister for health.
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en uddannelsesminister, en energiminister, en sundhedsminister.
10:42
And they actually monitor and supervise
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Og de overvåger og fører tilsyn med
10:44
150 schools for 7,000 children.
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150 skoler for 7.000 børn.
10:49
She got the World's Children's Prize five years ago,
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Hun fik World's Children Prisen for fem år siden,
10:51
and she went to Sweden.
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og hun tog til Sverige.
10:53
First time ever going out of her village.
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Den første gang nogensinde uden for landsbyen.
10:55
Never seen Sweden.
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Aldrig set Sverige.
10:58
Wasn't dazzled at all by what was happening.
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Blev ikke blændet overhovedet af det, der skete.
11:00
And the Queen of Sweden, who's there,
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Og Sveriges dronning, der er der,
11:02
turned to me and said, "Can you ask this child where she got her confidence from?
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vendte sig til mig og sagde, "Kan du spørge dette barn, hvor hun har sin selvtillid fra?
11:05
She's only 12 years old,
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Hun er kun 12 år gammel,
11:07
and she's not dazzled by anything."
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og hun bliver ikke blændet af noget."
11:10
And the girl, who's on her left,
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Og pigen, der er til venstre for hende,
11:13
turned to me and looked at the queen straight in the eye
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vendte sig mod mig og så dronningen direkte i øjnene
11:16
and said, "Please tell her I'm the prime minister."
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og sagde, "Fortæl hende venligst, at jeg er premierministeren."
11:19
(Laughter)
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(Latter)
11:21
(Applause)
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(Bifald)
11:29
Where the percentage of illiteracy is very high,
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Hvor procentdelen af analfabeter er meget høj,
11:33
we use puppetry.
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bruger vi dukker.
11:36
Puppets is the way we communicate.
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Dukker er måden, vi kommunikerer på.
11:45
You have Jokhim Chacha
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Her er Jokhim Chacha,
11:48
who is 300 years old.
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der er 300 år gammel.
11:52
He is my psychoanalyst. He is my teacher.
257
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Han er min psykoanalytiker. Han er min lærer.
11:55
He's my doctor. He's my lawyer.
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Han er min læge. Han er min advokat.
11:57
He's my donor.
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Han er min donor.
11:59
He actually raises money,
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Han rejser faktisk penge,
12:01
solves my disputes.
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løser mine konflikter.
12:04
He solves my problems in the village.
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Han løser mine problemer i landsbyen.
12:07
If there's tension in the village,
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Hvis der er spændinger i landsbyen,
12:09
if attendance at the schools goes down
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hvis fremmødet i skolerne går ned,
12:11
and there's a friction between the teacher and the parent,
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og der er gnidning mellem læreren og forælderen,
12:13
the puppet calls the teacher and the parent in front of the whole village
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tilkalder dukken læreren og forælderen foran hele landsbyen
12:16
and says, "Shake hands.
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og siger, "Giv hånd.
12:18
The attendance must not drop."
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Fremmødet må ikke falde."
12:22
These puppets
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Disse dukker
12:24
are made out of recycled World Bank reports.
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er lavet ud af genbrugte Verdensbank-rapporter.
12:26
(Laughter)
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(Latter)
12:28
(Applause)
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733000
7000
(Bifald)
12:35
So this decentralized, demystified approach
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Så denne decentraliserede, afmystificerede tilgang
12:39
of solar-electrifying villages,
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til at gøre landsbyer soldrevne
12:41
we've covered all over India
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har vi bredt ud over hele Indien
12:43
from Ladakh up to Bhutan --
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748000
3000
fra Ladakh op til Bhutan --
12:48
all solar-electrified villages
277
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alle soldrevne landsbyer
12:50
by people who have been trained.
278
755000
3000
af folk, der er blevet trænet.
12:54
And we went to Ladakh,
279
759000
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Og vi tog til Ladakh,
12:56
and we asked this woman --
280
761000
2000
og vi spurgte denne kvinde --
12:58
this, at minus 40, you have to come out of the roof,
281
763000
3000
her ved minus 40 er man nødt til at komme ud gennem taget,
13:01
because there's no place, it was all snowed up on both sides --
282
766000
3000
fordi der ikke er plads, der var sneet til op ad begge sider --
13:04
and we asked this woman,
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769000
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og vi spurgte denne kvinde,
13:06
"What was the benefit you had
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771000
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"Hvad var fordelen, du fik
13:08
from solar electricity?"
285
773000
2000
af solelektricitet?"
13:10
And she thought for a minute and said,
286
775000
2000
Og hun tænkte i et minut og sagde,
13:12
"It's the first time I can see my husband's face in winter."
287
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4000
"Det er første gang, jeg kan se min mands ansigt om vinteren."
13:16
(Laughter)
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3000
(Latter)
13:19
Went to Afghanistan.
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2000
Tog til Afghanistan.
13:21
One lesson we learned in India
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5000
En lektie, vi lærte i Indien,
13:26
was men are untrainable.
291
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var, at mænd er utrænelige.
13:30
(Laughter)
292
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4000
(Latter)
13:34
Men are restless,
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Mænd er rastløse,
13:36
men are ambitious,
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801000
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mænd er ambitiøse,
13:38
men are compulsively mobile,
295
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mænd er altid i bevægelse,
13:41
and they all want a certificate.
296
806000
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og de vil alle have et bevis.
13:43
(Laughter)
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2000
(Latter)
13:45
All across the globe, you have this tendency
298
810000
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Over hele kloden findes denne tendens,
13:48
of men wanting a certificate.
299
813000
2000
at mænd vil have et bevis.
13:50
Why? Because they want to leave the village
300
815000
3000
Hvorfor? Fordi de vil forlade landsbyen
13:53
and go to a city, looking for a job.
301
818000
3000
og tage til byen, søge efter arbejde.
13:56
So we came up with a great solution:
302
821000
3000
Så vi kom på en god løsning:
13:59
train grandmothers.
303
824000
2000
træn bedstemødre.
14:03
What's the best way of communicating
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2000
Hvad er den bedste måde af kommunikere
14:05
in the world today?
305
830000
2000
i verden i dag?
14:07
Television? No.
306
832000
2000
Fjernsyn? Nej.
14:09
Telegraph? No.
307
834000
2000
Telegraf? Nej.
14:11
Telephone? No.
308
836000
2000
Telefon? Nej.
14:13
Tell a woman.
309
838000
2000
Sig det til en kvinde.
14:15
(Laughter)
310
840000
3000
(Latter)
14:18
(Applause)
311
843000
4000
(Bifald)
14:22
So we went to Afghanistan for the first time,
312
847000
2000
Så vi tog til Afghanistan for første gang,
14:24
and we picked three women
313
849000
2000
og vi udvalgte tre kvinder
14:26
and said, "We want to take them to India."
314
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2000
og sagde, "Vi vil gerne tage dem med til Indien."
14:28
They said, "Impossible. They don't even go out of their rooms,
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853000
2000
De sagde, "Umuligt. De forlader ikke engang deres værelser,
14:30
and you want to take them to India."
316
855000
2000
og I vil tage dem med til Indien."
14:32
I said, "I'll make a concession. I'll take the husbands along as well."
317
857000
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Jeg sagde, "Jeg vil lave en indrømmelse. Jeg tager også mændene med."
14:34
So I took the husbands along.
318
859000
2000
Så jeg tog mændene med.
14:36
Of course, the women were much more intelligent than the men.
319
861000
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Selvfølgelig var kvinderne meget mere intelligente end mændene.
14:39
In six months,
320
864000
2000
På seks måneder
14:41
how do we train these women?
321
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3000
hvordan ændrer vi disse kvinder?
14:44
Sign language.
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869000
2000
Tegnsprog.
14:46
You don't choose the written word.
323
871000
3000
Man vælger ikke det skrevne ord.
14:49
You don't choose the spoken word.
324
874000
2000
Man vælger ikke det talte ord.
14:51
You use sign language.
325
876000
3000
Man bruger tegnsprog.
14:54
And in six months
326
879000
2000
Og på seks måneder
14:56
they can become solar engineers.
327
881000
4000
kan de blive solingeniører.
15:00
They go back and solar-electrify their own village.
328
885000
3000
De tager tilbage og gør deres egne landsbyer soldrevne.
15:03
This woman went back
329
888000
2000
Denne kvinde tog tilbage
15:05
and solar-electrified the first village,
330
890000
3000
og gjorde den første landsby soldreven,
15:08
set up a workshop --
331
893000
2000
startede en workshop --
15:10
the first village ever to be solar-electrified in Afghanistan
332
895000
3000
den første landsby nogensinde til at blive soldreven i Afghanistan
15:13
[was] by the three women.
333
898000
3000
[blev det] af disse tre kvinder.
15:16
This woman
334
901000
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Denne kvinde
15:18
is an extraordinary grandmother.
335
903000
2000
er en usædvanlig bedstemor.
15:20
55 years old, and she's solar-electrified 200 houses for me in Afghanistan.
336
905000
5000
55 år gammel, og hun har gjort 200 huse soldrevne for mig i Afghanistan.
15:25
And they haven't collapsed.
337
910000
3000
Og de er ikke kollapset.
15:28
She actually went and spoke to an engineering department in Afghanistan
338
913000
3000
Hun tog faktisk til og talte med en ingeniørafdeling i Afghanistan
15:31
and told the head of the department
339
916000
2000
og fortalte chefen for afdelingen
15:33
the difference between AC and DC.
340
918000
2000
forskellen mellem AC og DC.
15:35
He didn't know.
341
920000
2000
Det vidste han ikke.
15:37
Those three women have trained 27 more women
342
922000
3000
De tre kvinder har trænet 27 flere kvinder
15:40
and solar-electrified 100 villages in Afghanistan.
343
925000
3000
og gjort 100 landsbyen soldrevne i Afghanistan.
15:43
We went to Africa,
344
928000
3000
Vi tog til Afrika,
15:46
and we did the same thing.
345
931000
2000
og vi gjorde det samme.
15:48
All these women sitting at one table from eight, nine countries,
346
933000
3000
Alle disse kvinder, der sidder ved et bord fra otte, ni lande,
15:51
all chatting to each other, not understanding a word,
347
936000
3000
alle snakker de med hinanden uden at forstå et ord,
15:54
because they're all speaking a different language.
348
939000
2000
fordi de alle taler et forskelligt sprog.
15:56
But their body language is great.
349
941000
2000
Men deres kropssprog er fantastisk.
15:58
They're speaking to each other
350
943000
2000
De snakker med hinanden
16:00
and actually becoming solar engineers.
351
945000
2000
og er faktisk ved at blive solingeniører.
16:02
I went to Sierra Leone,
352
947000
3000
Jeg tog til Sierra Leone,
16:05
and there was this minister driving down in the dead of night --
353
950000
3000
og der var denne minister, der kørte i nattens mulm og mørke --
16:08
comes across this village.
354
953000
2000
kom forbi denne landsby.
16:10
Comes back, goes into the village, says, "Well what's the story?"
355
955000
3000
Kommer tilbage, tager ind til landsbyen, siger, "Nå, hvad er historien?"
16:13
They said, "These two grandmothers ... "
356
958000
2000
De sagde, "Disse to bedstemødre ..."
16:15
"Grandmothers?" The minister couldn't believe what was happening.
357
960000
3000
"Bedstemødre?" Ministeren kunne ikke tro det, der foregik.
16:18
"Where did they go?" "Went to India and back."
358
963000
3000
Hvor tog de hen?" "Tog til Indien og tilbage."
16:21
Went straight to the president.
359
966000
2000
Tog direkte til præsidenten.
16:23
He said, "Do you know there's a solar-electrified village in Sierra Leone?"
360
968000
2000
Han sagde, "Ved De der er en soldreven landsby i Sierra Leone?"
16:25
He said, "No." Half the cabinet went to see the grandmothers the next day.
361
970000
3000
Han sagde, "Nej." Halvdelen af staben tog hen for at se bedstemødrene dagen efter.
16:28
"What's the story."
362
973000
2000
"Hvad er historien."
16:30
So he summoned me and said, "Can you train me 150 grandmothers?"
363
975000
4000
Så tilkaldte han mig og sagde, "Kan du træne mig 150 bedstemødre?"
16:34
I said, "I can't, Mr. President.
364
979000
2000
Jeg sagde, "Det kan jeg ikke, Hr. Præsident.
16:36
But they will. The grandmothers will."
365
981000
2000
Men de kan. Bedstemødrene kan."
16:38
So he built me the first Barefoot training center in Sierra Leone.
366
983000
3000
Så han byggede mig det første Barfodstræningscenter i Sierra Leone.
16:41
And 150 grandmothers have been trained in Sierra Leone.
367
986000
4000
Og 150 bedstemødre er blevet trænet i Sierra Leone.
16:45
Gambia:
368
990000
2000
Gambia:
16:47
we went to select a grandmother in Gambia.
369
992000
3000
Vi tog af sted for at vælge en bedstemor i Gambia.
16:50
Went to this village.
370
995000
2000
Tog til denne landsby.
16:52
I knew which woman I would like to take.
371
997000
2000
Jeg vidste hvilken kvinde, jeg ville tage med.
16:54
The community got together and said, "Take these two women."
372
999000
3000
Samfundet kom sammen og sagde, "Tag disse to kvinder."
16:57
I said, "No, I want to take this woman."
373
1002000
2000
Jeg sagde, "Nej, jeg vil tage denne kvinde."
16:59
They said, "Why? She doesn't know the language. You don't know her."
374
1004000
2000
De sagde, "Hvorfor? Hun kan ikke sproget. Du kender hende ikke."
17:01
I said, "I like the body language. I like the way she speaks."
375
1006000
3000
Jeg sagde, "Jeg kan lide kropssproget. Jeg kan lide hendes måde at tale på."
17:04
"Difficult husband; not possible."
376
1009000
2000
"Vanskelig mand; ikke muligt."
17:06
Called the husband, the husband came,
377
1011000
2000
Tilkaldte manden, manden kom,
17:08
swaggering, politician, mobile in his hand. "Not possible."
378
1013000
3000
smart, politiker, mobil i hånden. "Ikke muligt."
17:11
"Why not?" "The woman, look how beautiful she is."
379
1016000
3000
"Hvorfor ikke?" "Kvinden, se hvor smuk hun er."
17:14
I said, "Yeah, she is very beautiful."
380
1019000
2000
Jeg sagde, "Jah, hun er meget smuk."
17:16
"What happens if she runs off with an Indian man?"
381
1021000
2000
"Hvad sker der, hvis hun løber væk med en indisk mand?"
17:18
That was his biggest fear.
382
1023000
2000
Det var hans største frygt.
17:20
I said, "She'll be happy. She'll ring you up on the mobile."
383
1025000
3000
Jeg sagde, "Hun vil være glad. Hun vil ringe til dig over mobilen."
17:23
She went like a grandmother
384
1028000
3000
Hun tog af sted som bedstemor
17:26
and came back like a tiger.
385
1031000
2000
og kom tilbage som en tiger.
17:28
She walked out of the plane
386
1033000
2000
Hun gik ud af flyet
17:30
and spoke to the whole press as if she was a veteran.
387
1035000
3000
og talte til hele pressen, som om hun var en veteran.
17:33
She handled the national press,
388
1038000
3000
Hun håndterede hele landets presse,
17:36
and she was a star.
389
1041000
2000
og hun var en stjerne.
17:38
And when I went back six months later, I said, "Where's your husband?"
390
1043000
3000
Og da jeg tog tilbage seks måneder senere, sagde jeg, "Hvor er din mand?"
17:41
"Oh, somewhere. It doesn't matter."
391
1046000
2000
"Åh, et eller andet sted. Det er ligegyldigt."
17:43
(Laughter)
392
1048000
2000
(Latter)
17:45
Success story.
393
1050000
2000
Succeshistorie.
17:47
(Laughter)
394
1052000
2000
(Latter)
17:49
(Applause)
395
1054000
3000
(Bifald)
17:52
I'll just wind up by saying
396
1057000
6000
Jeg vil lige runde af med at sige,
17:58
that I think you don't have to look for solutions outside.
397
1063000
4000
at jeg tror, man ikke er nødt til at lede efter løsninger udenfor.
18:02
Look for solutions within.
398
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Led efter løsninger indeni.
18:04
And listen to people. They have the solutions in front of you.
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Og lyt til folk, der har løsningerne foran dig.
18:07
They're all over the world.
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De er over hele verden.
18:09
Don't even worry.
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Vær slet ikke urolig.
18:11
Don't listen to the World Bank, listen to the people on the ground.
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Lyt ikke til Verdensbanken, lyt til folkene på jorden.
18:14
They have all the solutions in the world.
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De har alle løsningerne i verden.
18:17
I'll end with a quotation by Mahatma Gandhi.
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Jeg vil afslutte med et citat af Mahatma Gandhi.
18:20
"First they ignore you,
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"Først ignorerer de dig,
18:22
then they laugh at you,
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så ler de af dig,
18:24
then they fight you,
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så bekæmper de dig,
18:26
and then you win."
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og så vinder du."
18:28
Thank you.
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Tak.
18:30
(Applause)
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(Bifald)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Bunker Roy - EducatorSanjit “Bunker” Roy is the founder of Barefoot College, which helps rural communities becomes self-sufficient.
Why you should listen
Development projects the world over run into one crucial point: For a project to live on, it needs to be organic, owned and sustained by those it serves. In 1972, Sanjit “Bunker” Roy founded the Barefoot College, in the village of Tilonia in Rajasthan, India, with just this mission: to provide basic services and solutions in rural communities with the objective of making them self-sufficient. These “barefoot solutions” can be broadly categorized into solar energy, water, education, health care, rural handicrafts, people’s action, communication, women’s empowerment and wasteland development. The Barefoot College education program, for instance, teaches literacy and also skills, encouraging learning-by-doing. (Literacy is only part of it.) Bunker’s organization has also successfully trained grandmothers from Africa and the Himalayan region to be solar engineers so they can bring electricity to their remote villages.
As he says, Barefoot College is "a place of learning and unlearning: where the teacher is the learner and the learner is the teacher."
Bunker Roy | Speaker | TED.com