TEDGlobal 2011
Bunker Roy: Learning from a barefoot movement
Bunker Roy: Oinustuen mugimendu batengandik ikasten
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Readability: 3.1
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Rajasthan-en, India, ez ohiko eskola batek landa emakume eta gizonei -- haietako asko alfabetatu gabeak -- erakusten die beraien herrixketan eguzki-injineru, artisau, haginlari eta sendagile izaten. Oinustuen Unibertsitatea (Barefoot College) deitzen zaio, eta bere sortzaileak, Bunker Roy, nola jarduten duen azaltzen du.
Bunker Roy - Educator
Sanjit “Bunker” Roy is the founder of Barefoot College, which helps rural communities becomes self-sufficient. Full bio
Sanjit “Bunker” Roy is the founder of Barefoot College, which helps rural communities becomes self-sufficient. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
I'd like to take you to another world.
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Beste mundu batera eraman nahi zintuzketet.
00:19
And I'd like to share
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Eta partekatu nahi nuke
00:21
a 45 year-old love story
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45 urteko maitasun istorio bat,
00:25
with the poor,
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txiroekiko,
00:28
living on less than one dollar a day.
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egunean dolar bat baino gutxiagorekin bizi direnekiko.
00:33
I went to a very elitist, snobbish,
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Heziketa oso elitista, harroputza,
00:37
expensive education in India,
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garestia jaso nuen Indian,
00:41
and that almost destroyed me.
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eta hark ia hondatu ninduen.
00:46
I was all set
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Prest nengoen
00:48
to be a diplomat, teacher, doctor --
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diplomatiko, irakasle, sendagile izateko --
00:51
all laid out.
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dena prest zegoen.
00:55
Then, I don't look it, but I was the Indian national squash champion
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Garai hartan, ez dut ematen, baino Indiako squash txapeldun nazionala
00:58
for three years.
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izan nintzen hiru urtez.
01:00
(Laughter)
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(Barre-algarak)
01:02
The whole world was laid out for me.
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Mundu osoa zegoen neuretzako prest.
01:05
Everything was at my feet.
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Guztia zegoen neure oinetara.
01:07
I could do nothing wrong.
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Ezin nuen ezer gaizki egin.
01:10
And then I thought out of curiosity
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Eta orduan jakin-minez pentsatu nuen
01:12
I'd like to go and live and work
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gustatuko litzaidakeela herrixka batera bizitzera joan,
01:14
and just see what a village is like.
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bertan lan egin eta nolakoa den ikustea.
01:16
So in 1965,
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Beraz 1965ean,
01:18
I went to what was called the worst Bihar famine in India,
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Indiako Bihar lurraldeko gosete handiena deitu zitzaionera joan nintzen,
01:22
and I saw starvation, death,
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eta gosea ikusi nuen, heriotza,
01:25
people dying of hunger, for the first time.
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jendea gosez hiltzen, lehenengo aldiz.
01:28
It changed my life.
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Hark neure bizitza aldatu zuen.
01:31
I came back home,
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Etxera itzuli nintzen,
01:33
told my mother,
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ene amari esan nion,
01:35
"I'd like to live and work in a village."
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"Herrixka batean bizi eta lan egin nahi nuke."
01:38
Mother went into a coma.
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Ama koman sartu zen.
01:40
(Laughter)
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(Barre-algarak)
01:43
"What is this?
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"Zer da hau?
01:45
The whole world is laid out for you, the best jobs are laid out for you,
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Mundu osoa zure eskura dago, lanpostu onenak zure eskura daude,
01:48
and you want to go and work in a village?
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eta herrixka batera joan eta bertan lan egin nahi duzula?
01:50
I mean, is there something wrong with you?"
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Esan nahi dut, zugan zer edo zer gaizki dago?"
01:52
I said, "No, I've got the best eduction.
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Esan nion, "Ez, heziketa onena jaso dut.
01:54
It made me think.
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Pentsatu arazi dit.
01:56
And I wanted to give something back
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Eta trukean, neure erara,
01:59
in my own way."
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zerbait itzuli nahi nuke."
02:01
"What do you want to do in a village?
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"Zer egin nahi duzu herrixka batean?
02:03
No job, no money,
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Lanposturik ez, dirurik ez,
02:05
no security, no prospect."
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segurtasunik ez, etorkizunik ez."
02:07
I said, "I want to live
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Esan nion, "Han bizi
02:09
and dig wells for five years."
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eta putzuak zulatu nahi ditut bost urtez."
02:12
"Dig wells for five years?
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"Putzuak zulatu bost urtez?
02:14
You went to the most expensive school and college in India,
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Indiako eskola eta unibertsitate garestienetara joan zara,
02:17
and you want to dig wells for five years?"
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eta bost urtez putzuak zulatu nahi dituzula?"
02:19
She didn't speak to me for a very long time,
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Denbora oso luzez ez zidan hitz egin,
02:23
because she thought I'd let my family down.
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uste zuelako neure familiari huts egin niola.
02:28
But then,
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Baino orduan,
02:30
I was exposed to the most extraordinary knowledge and skills
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jende oso txiroak dituen ezagutza eta trebetasun txundigarrienak
02:33
that very poor people have,
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agerian jarri zitzaizkidan,
02:35
which are never brought into the mainstream --
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gainazalera sekula ekartzen ez direnak --
02:38
which is never identified, respected,
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sekula modu zabalean identifikatu, errespetatu,
02:40
applied on a large scale.
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erabiltzen ez direnak.
02:42
And I thought I'd start a Barefoot College --
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Eta pentsatu nuen Oinustuen Unibertsitate bat sortuko nuela --
02:44
college only for the poor.
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txiroentzako soilik izango zen unibertsitatea.
02:46
What the poor thought was important
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Txiroek garrantzitsua zela uste zutena
02:48
would be reflected in the college.
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islatuko zen unibertsitatean.
02:52
I went to this village for the first time.
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Herrixka honetara joan nintzen lehenengo aldiz.
02:54
Elders came to me
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Zaharrak etorri zitzaizkidan
02:56
and said, "Are you running from the police?"
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eta esan zidaten, "Poliziarengandik ihesi zatoz?"
02:58
I said, "No."
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Esan nien, "Ez."
03:00
(Laughter)
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(Barre-algarak)
03:04
"You failed in your exam?"
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"Zure azterketan huts egin duzu?"
03:06
I said, "No."
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Esan nien, "Ez."
03:08
"You didn't get a government job?" I said, "No."
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"Ez duzu gobernuaren lanpostu bat eskuratu?" Esan nien, "Ez."
03:11
"What are you doing here?
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"Zer egiten duzu hemen?
03:13
Why are you here?
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Zergatik zaude hemen?
03:15
The education system in India
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Indiako hezkuntza sistemak
03:17
makes you look at Paris and New Delhi and Zurich;
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Paris eta New Delhi eta Zurich-era begiratzera bultzatzen zaitu;
03:20
what are you doing in this village?
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zer egiten duzu herrixka honetan?
03:22
Is there something wrong with you you're not telling us?"
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Ba al dago esaten ez diguzun zer edo zer gaizki zurekiko?"
03:25
I said, "No, I want to actually start a college
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Esan nien, "Ez, unibertsitate bat sortu nahi dut
03:28
only for the poor.
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txiroentzako soilik.
03:30
What the poor thought was important would be reflected in the college."
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Txiroek garrantzitsua dela uste dutena islatuko litzateke unibertsitatean."
03:33
So the elders gave me some very sound and profound advice.
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Hala zaharrek aholku zuhur eta sakon batzuk eman zizkidaten.
03:37
They said, "Please,
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Esan zidaten, "Mesedez,
03:39
don't bring anyone with a degree and qualification
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ez ekarri gradu bat eta titulua duen inor
03:42
into your college."
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zure unibertsitatera."
03:44
So it's the only college in India
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Horregatik Indiako unibertsitate bakarra da
03:47
where, if you should have a Ph.D. or a Master's,
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non, Doktoretza edo Master bat izan ezkero,
03:50
you are disqualified to come.
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etortzeko desgaituta zaudena.
03:52
You have to be a cop-out or a wash-out or a dropout
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Desastre bat izan behar duzu, porrot egindakoa, baztertua
03:57
to come to our college.
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gure unibertsitatera etortzeko.
04:00
You have to work with your hands.
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Zure eskuekin lan egin behar duzu.
04:02
You have to have a dignity of labor.
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Lanaren duintasuna izan behar duzu.
04:04
You have to show that you have a skill that you can offer to the community
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Komunitateari eskaintzeko trebetasun bat daukazula erakutsi behar duzu
04:07
and provide a service to the community.
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eta komunitateari zerbitzu bat eskaini.
04:10
So we started the Barefoot College,
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Hala sortu genuen Oinustuen Unibertsitatea,
04:13
and we redefined professionalism.
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eta profesionaltasuna birdefinitu genuen.
04:15
Who is a professional?
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Nor da profesional bat?
04:17
A professional is someone
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Profesional bat da
04:19
who has a combination of competence,
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trebetasun, ziurtasun eta sinesmen
04:21
confidence and belief.
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konbinazioa daukan norbait.
04:24
A water diviner is a professional.
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Ur-bilatzaile bat profesional bat da.
04:27
A traditional midwife
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Emagin tradizional bat
04:29
is a professional.
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profesional bat da.
04:31
A traditional bone setter is a professional.
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Hezur-konpontzaile tradizional bat profesional bat da.
04:34
These are professionals all over the world.
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Hauek mundu osoan zehar profesionalak dira.
04:36
You find them in any inaccessible village around the world.
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Munduan zehar dauden herrixka helezinetan aurkitzen dituzu.
04:40
And we thought that these people should come into the mainstream
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Eta pentsatu genuen jende hau gainazalera atera behar zela
04:43
and show that the knowledge and skills that they have
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eta erakutsi beraiek dituzten ezagutza eta trebetasunak
04:46
is universal.
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unibertsalak direla.
04:48
It needs to be used, needs to be applied,
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Erabili beharra dago, aplikatu beharra dago,
04:50
needs to be shown to the world outside --
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kanpoko munduari erakutsi behar zaio --
04:52
that these knowledge and skills
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ezagutza eta trebetasun hauek
04:54
are relevant even today.
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beharrezkoak direla gaur egun ere.
04:58
So the college works
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Beraz unibertsitatearen jarduerak
05:00
following the lifestyle and workstyle of Mahatma Gandhi.
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Mahatma Gandhi-ren bizimodua eta lan egiteko modua jarraitzen ditu.
05:04
You eat on the floor, you sleep on the floor, you work on the floor.
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Lurzoruan jaten duzu, lurzoruan lo egiten duzu, lurzoruan lan egiten duzu.
05:08
There are no contracts, no written contracts.
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Ez dago kontraturik, ez idatzizko kontraturik.
05:10
You can stay with me for 20 years, go tomorrow.
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Neurekin 20 urtez egon zaitezke edo bihar alde egin.
05:13
And no one can get more than $100 a month.
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Eta inork ezin du hileko 100$ baino gehiago irabazi.
05:16
You come for the money, you don't come to Barefoot College.
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Diruagatik bazatoz, ez etorri Oinustuen Unibertsitatera.
05:19
You come for the work and the challenge,
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Lanagatik eta erronkagatik bazatoz,
05:21
you'll come to the Barefoot College.
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etorriko zara Oinustuen Unibertsitatera.
05:23
That is where we want you to try crazy ideas.
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Hor nahi dugu ideia zoroak probatu ditzazun.
05:26
Whatever idea you have, come and try it.
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Edozein ideia duzula, etorri eta probatu.
05:28
It doesn't matter if you fail.
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Ez du axola huts egiten baduzu.
05:30
Battered, bruised, you start again.
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Kolpatua, min-hartuta, berriz hasten zera.
05:33
It's the only college where the teacher is the learner
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Unibertsitate bakarra da irakaslea ikasle duena
05:36
and the learner is the teacher.
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eta ikaslea irakasle duena.
05:39
And it's the only college where we don't give a certificate.
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Eta unibertsitate bakarra da ziurtagiririk ematen ez duguna.
05:42
You are certified by the community you serve.
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Zerbitzu ematen diozun komunitateak ematen dizu ziurtagiria.
05:45
You don't need a paper to hang on the wall
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Ez duzu behar paper bat horman zintzilik
05:47
to show that you are an engineer.
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injineru zarela erakusteko.
05:52
So when I said that,
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Hala, hori esan nuenean,
05:54
they said, "Well show us what is possible. What are you doing?
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esan zidaten, "Ondo da erakutsiguzu zer egin daitekeen. Zer egiten ari zara?
05:57
This is all mumbo-jumbo if you can't show it on the ground."
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Hau guztia hutsaren hurrengoa da ezin baduzu praktikan erakutsi."
06:01
So we built the first Barefoot College
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Hala, Oinustuen lehen Unibertsitatea sortu genuen
06:04
in 1986.
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1986an.
06:07
It was built by 12 Barefoot architects
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12 arkitekto Oinustuk eraiki zuten
06:09
who can't read and write,
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irakurtzen eta idaten ez dakitenak,
06:11
built on $1.50 a sq. ft.
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oin karratuko 1,50$etan eraikia.
06:14
150 people lived there, worked there.
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150 pertsona bizi ziren eta lan egiten zuten bertan.
06:18
They got the Aga Khan Award for Architecture in 2002.
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2002ko Aga Khan arkitektura saria lortu zuten.
06:21
But then they suspected, they thought there was an architect behind it.
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Baino gero susmoa izan zuten, pentsatu zuten haren atzean arkitekto bat zegoela.
06:24
I said, "Yes, they made the blueprints,
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Esan nuen, "Bai, aurreproiektua egin zuten,
06:26
but the Barefoot architects actually constructed the college."
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baino arkitekto Oinustuak izan ziren benetan unibertsitatea eraiki zutenak."
06:31
We are the only ones who actually returned the award for $50,000,
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Bakarrak gara 50.000$eko saria itzuli dugunak,
06:34
because they didn't believe us,
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ez zigutelako sinisten,
06:36
and we thought that they were actually casting aspersions
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eta pentsatu genuelako Tiloniako arkitekto Oinustuak
06:40
on the Barefoot architects of Tilonia.
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zalantzan jartzen ari zirela.
06:43
I asked a forester --
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Basogintzan aritzen den bati galdetu nion --
06:45
high-powered, paper-qualified expert --
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boteretsua, paper bidez kualifikatutako aditua --
06:48
I said, "What can you build in this place?"
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Esan nion, "Zer eraiki dezakezu leku honetan?"
06:51
He had one look at the soil and said, "Forget it. No way.
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Lurzoruari begiratu eta esan zuen, "Ahaztu. Ezin daiteke.
06:53
Not even worth it.
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Ez du merezi ere.
06:55
No water, rocky soil."
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Urik ez, lurzoru harritsua."
06:57
I was in a bit of a spot.
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Estualdi batean nengoen."
06:59
And I said, "Okay, I'll go to the old man in village
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Eta esan nuen, "Ondo, herrixkako gizon zaharrarengana joango naiz
07:01
and say, 'What should I grow in this spot?'"
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eta esan, 'Zer hazi beharko nuke leku honetan?'"
07:04
He looked quietly at me and said,
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Isilean begiratu zidan eta esan zuen.
07:06
"You build this, you build this, you put this, and it'll work."
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"Hau eraiki, hau eraiki, hau ipini, eta ondo irtengo da."
07:08
This is what it looks like today.
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Hau da gaur egun duen itxura.
07:12
Went to the roof,
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Teilatura joan nintzen,
07:14
and all the women said, "Clear out.
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eta emakume guztiek esan zuten, "Alde hemendik.
07:16
The men should clear out because we don't want to share this technology with the men.
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Gizonek alde egin behar dute ez dugulako teknologia hau gizonekin partekatu nahi.
07:19
This is waterproofing the roof."
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Hau teilatua iragazgaiztea da."
07:21
(Laughter)
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(Barre-algarak)
07:23
It is a bit of jaggery, a bit of urens
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Jaggery pixka bat [Azukre beltz latza], urens pixka bat [landare bat]
07:26
and a bit of other things I don't know.
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eta ez dakidan beste gauza batzuk.
07:28
But it actually doesn't leak.
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Baino benetan ez du isuririk.
07:30
Since 1986, it hasn't leaked.
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1986tik ez du isuririk izan.
07:33
This technology, the women will not share with the men.
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Teknologia hau, emakumeek ez dute gizonekin partekatuko.
07:36
(Laughter)
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(Barre-algarak)
07:39
It's the only college
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Unibertsitate bakarra da
07:41
which is fully solar-electrified.
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erabat eguzkiz-elektrifikatua.
07:45
All the power comes from the sun.
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Energia guztia eguzkitik dator.
07:47
45 kilowatts of panels on the roof.
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45 kilowatt sortzeko panelak teilatuan.
07:49
And everything works off the sun for the next 25 years.
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Eta guztia ibiliko da eguzkiari esker hurrengo 25 urteetan.
07:51
So long as the sun shines,
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Eguzkiak argitzen duen bitartean,
07:53
we'll have no problem with power.
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ez dugu energia arazorik izango.
07:55
But the beauty is
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Baino politena da
07:57
that is was installed
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apaiz batek instalatu
08:00
by a priest, a Hindu priest,
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zuela, apaiz Hindu batek,
08:03
who's only done eight years of primary schooling --
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soilik lehen hezkuntzako zortzi urte egin dituena --
08:06
never been to school, never been to college.
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sekula eskolan, sekula unibertsitatean izan gabea.
08:09
He knows more about solar
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Eguzki energiari buruz gehiago daki
08:11
than anyone I know anywhere in the world guaranteed.
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munduko beste lekuetan ezagutu dudan inork baino, zinez.
08:17
Food, if you come to the Barefoot College,
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Janaria, Oinustuen Eskolara etortzen bazara,
08:19
is solar cooked.
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eguzki-energiarekin prestatzen da.
08:22
But the people who fabricated that solar cooker
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Baino eguzki-sukalde hori fabrikatu zuen jendea
08:25
are women,
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emakumeak dira,
08:28
illiterate women,
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alfabetatu gabeko emakumeak,
08:30
who actually fabricate
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eguzki-sukalde sofistikatuena
08:32
the most sophisticated solar cooker.
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fabrikatzen dutenak.
08:34
It's a parabolic Scheffler solar cooker.
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Scheffler eguzki-sukalde paraboliko bat da.
08:40
Unfortunately, they're almost half German,
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Tamalez, ia-ia erdi Alemaniarrak dira,
08:44
they're so precise.
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hain dira zehatzak.
08:46
(Laughter)
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(Barre-algarak)
08:48
You'll never find Indian women so precise.
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Ez duzu inoiz aurkituko Indiako emakume hain zehatzik.
08:52
Absolutely to the last inch,
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Azken hazbeteraino,
08:54
they can make that cooker.
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sukalde hori egin dezakete.
08:56
And we have 60 meals twice a day
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Eta 60 otordu dauzkagu egunean bitan
08:58
of solar cooking.
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eguzkiarekin prestatuak.
09:00
We have a dentist --
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Haginlari bat daukagu --
09:02
she's a grandmother, illiterate, who's a dentist.
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amona bat da, alfabetatu gabea, haginlaria dena.
09:05
She actually looks after the teeth
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7.000 umeren hortzak
09:07
of 7,000 children.
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zaintzen ditu.
09:11
Barefoot technology:
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Oinustuen teknologia:
09:13
this was 1986 -- no engineer, no architect thought of it --
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hau 1986koa da -- ez injineruk, ez arkitektok ez zuen honi buruz pentsatu --
09:16
but we are collecting rainwater from the roofs.
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baino teilatuetatik euri-ura jasotzen ari gara.
09:19
Very little water is wasted.
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Oso ur gutxi galtzen da alferrik.
09:21
All the roofs are connected underground
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Teilatu guztiak daude konektatuta lur azpian
09:23
to a 400,000 liter tank,
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400.000 litroko tanke batera,
09:25
and no water is wasted.
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eta ez da urik alferrik galtzen.
09:27
If we have four years of drought, we still have water on the campus,
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Lau urteko lehortea izaten badugu, ura izango genuke campusean,
09:30
because we collect rainwater.
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euri ura jasotzen dugulako.
09:32
60 percent of children don't go to school,
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Umeen ehuneko 60 ez da eskolara joaten,
09:35
because they have to look after animals --
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abereak zaindu behar dituztelako --
09:37
sheep, goats --
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ardiak, ahuntzak --
09:39
domestic chores.
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etxeko zereginak.
09:41
So we thought of starting a school
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Horregatik pentsatu genuen umeentzako
09:44
at night for the children.
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gau-eskola bat sortzea.
09:46
Because the night schools of Tilonia,
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Tiloniako gau-eskolei esker,
09:48
over 75,000 children have gone through these night schools.
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75.000 ume baino gehiago pasatu da gau-eskola hauetatik.
09:51
Because it's for the convenience of the child;
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Umeen erosotasunerako delako;
09:53
it's not for the convenience of the teacher.
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ez da irakaslearen erosotasunerako.
09:55
And what do we teach in these schools?
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Eta zer erakusten dugu eskola hauetan?
09:57
Democracy, citizenship,
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Demokrazia, herritartasuna,
09:59
how you should measure your land,
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nola neurtu zure lur saila,
10:02
what you should do if you're arrested,
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zer egin behar zenuke atxilotzen bazaituzte,
10:04
what you should do if your animal is sick.
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zer egin behar zenuke zure aberea gaixo badago.
10:08
This is what we teach in the night schools.
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Hau da gau-eskoletan erakusten duguna.
10:10
But all the schools are solar-lit.
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Baino eskola guztiak eguzki-energiarekin argitzen dira.
10:13
Every five years
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Bost urtero
10:15
we have an election.
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hauteskunde bat daukagu.
10:17
Between six to 14 year-old children
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Sei eta 14 urte bitarteko umeek
10:21
participate in a democratic process,
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prozesu demokratiko batean parte hartzen dute,
10:24
and they elect a prime minister.
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eta lehen ministro bat hautatzen dute.
10:28
The prime minister is 12 years old.
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Lehen ministroak 12 urte ditu.
10:32
She looks after 20 goats in the morning,
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Goizez 20 ahuntz zaintzen ditu,
10:34
but she's prime minister in the evening.
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baino lehen ministroa da arratsaldez.
10:37
She has a cabinet,
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Kabinete bat dauka,
10:39
a minister of education, a minister for energy, a minister for health.
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hezkuntza ministro bat, energia ministro bat, osasun ministro bat.
10:42
And they actually monitor and supervise
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Eta beraiek zaindu eta ikuskatzen dituzte
10:44
150 schools for 7,000 children.
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150 eskola eta 7.000 ume.
10:49
She got the World's Children's Prize five years ago,
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Munduko Umeen Saria jaso zuen duela bost urte,
10:51
and she went to Sweden.
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eta Suediara joan zen.
10:53
First time ever going out of her village.
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Bere herrixkatik irteten zen lehen aldia.
10:55
Never seen Sweden.
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Suedia inoiz ikusi gabe.
10:58
Wasn't dazzled at all by what was happening.
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Gertatzen ari zenarekin ez zegoen batere liluratuta.
11:00
And the Queen of Sweden, who's there,
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Eta Suediako Erregina, hor dago,
11:02
turned to me and said, "Can you ask this child where she got her confidence from?
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nigana biratu eta esan zidan, "Galdetu diezaiokezu ume honi nondik eskuratu duen konfiantza?
11:05
She's only 12 years old,
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12 urte besterik ez du,
11:07
and she's not dazzled by anything."
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eta ez du ezerk liluratu."
11:10
And the girl, who's on her left,
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Eta neskatoa, bere ezkerrean dago,
11:13
turned to me and looked at the queen straight in the eye
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nigana biratu eta erreginari zuzen begiratu zion begietara
11:16
and said, "Please tell her I'm the prime minister."
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eta esan zuen, "Mesedez esaiozu lehen ministroa naizela."
11:19
(Laughter)
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(Barre-algarak)
11:21
(Applause)
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(Txaloak)
11:29
Where the percentage of illiteracy is very high,
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Alfabetatze gabeziaren ehunekoa oso handia den tokietan,
11:33
we use puppetry.
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txotxongiloak erabiltzen ditugu.
11:36
Puppets is the way we communicate.
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Txotxongiloak dira gure komunikatzeko era.
11:45
You have Jokhim Chacha
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Hau Jokhim Chacha duzue
11:48
who is 300 years old.
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300 urte dituena.
11:52
He is my psychoanalyst. He is my teacher.
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Neure psikoanalista da. Neure irakaslea da.
11:55
He's my doctor. He's my lawyer.
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Neure sendagilea da. Neure abokatua da.
11:57
He's my donor.
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Neure emailea da.
11:59
He actually raises money,
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Diru kopurua handitzen du,
12:01
solves my disputes.
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neure liskarrak konpontzen ditu.
12:04
He solves my problems in the village.
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Herrixkan ditudan arazoak konpontzen ditu.
12:07
If there's tension in the village,
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Herrixkan tirabira badago,
12:09
if attendance at the schools goes down
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eskolara joateak behera egiten badu
12:11
and there's a friction between the teacher and the parent,
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eta irakasle eta gurasoaren artean desadostasuna badago,
12:13
the puppet calls the teacher and the parent in front of the whole village
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txotxongiloak irakaslea eta gurasoa deitzen ditu herri osoaren aurrera
12:16
and says, "Shake hands.
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eta esaten du, "Eman bostekoa.
12:18
The attendance must not drop."
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Ez zaio eskolara joateari utzi behar."
12:22
These puppets
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Txotxongilo hauek
12:24
are made out of recycled World Bank reports.
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Munduko Bankuaren txosten birziklatuekin eginak daude.
12:26
(Laughter)
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(Barre-algarak)
12:28
(Applause)
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(Txaloak)
12:35
So this decentralized, demystified approach
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Herrixkak eguzkiz-elektrifikatzeko zentralizatu gabeko,
12:39
of solar-electrifying villages,
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desmitifikatutako hurbilketa honekin,
12:41
we've covered all over India
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India osoa estali dugu
12:43
from Ladakh up to Bhutan --
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Ladakh-etik Bhutan-eraino --
12:48
all solar-electrified villages
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herrixka guztiak eguzkiz-elektrifikatuta
12:50
by people who have been trained.
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trebatua izan den jendeak egina.
12:54
And we went to Ladakh,
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Eta Ladakh-era joan ginen,
12:56
and we asked this woman --
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eta emakume honi galdetu genion --
12:58
this, at minus 40, you have to come out of the roof,
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hau, 40 gradu zero azpitik, teilatupetik irten behar duzu,
13:01
because there's no place, it was all snowed up on both sides --
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ez dagoelako lekurik, elurtuta zegoen bi aldeetan --
13:04
and we asked this woman,
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eta emakume honi galdetu genion,
13:06
"What was the benefit you had
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"Zein da eguzkiaren elektrizitatetik
13:08
from solar electricity?"
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jaso duzun onura?"
13:10
And she thought for a minute and said,
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Eta minutu batez pentsatu eta esan zuen,
13:12
"It's the first time I can see my husband's face in winter."
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"Lehen aldia da neguan neure senarraren aurpegia ikusi dezakedana."
13:16
(Laughter)
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(Barre-algarak)
13:19
Went to Afghanistan.
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Afganistanera joan nintzen.
13:21
One lesson we learned in India
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Indian ikasi genuen irakaspen bat da
13:26
was men are untrainable.
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gizonak trebatzea ezinezkoa dela.
13:30
(Laughter)
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(Barre-algarak)
13:34
Men are restless,
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Gizonak geldigorrak dira,
13:36
men are ambitious,
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handinahiak,
13:38
men are compulsively mobile,
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jokabide konpultsiboa dute,
13:41
and they all want a certificate.
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eta guztiek nahi dute ziurtagiri bat.
13:43
(Laughter)
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(Barre-algarak)
13:45
All across the globe, you have this tendency
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Mundu osoan zehar, joera hau daukazu
13:48
of men wanting a certificate.
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gizonek ziurtagiria nahi izatearena.
13:50
Why? Because they want to leave the village
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Zergatik? Herrixka utzi nahi dutelako
13:53
and go to a city, looking for a job.
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hirira joateko, lanpostu bila.
13:56
So we came up with a great solution:
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Horrela iritsi ginen konponbide bikain batera:
13:59
train grandmothers.
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amonak trebatu.
14:03
What's the best way of communicating
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Zein da komunikatzeko modurik onena
14:05
in the world today?
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gaur egun munduan?
14:07
Television? No.
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Telebista? Ez.
14:09
Telegraph? No.
307
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Telegrafoa? Ez.
14:11
Telephone? No.
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Telefonoa? Ez.
14:13
Tell a woman.
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Esan emakume bati.
14:15
(Laughter)
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(Barre-algarak)
14:18
(Applause)
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(Txaloak)
14:22
So we went to Afghanistan for the first time,
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Horrela, Afganistanera joan ginen lehengoz,
14:24
and we picked three women
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eta hiru emakume aukeratu genituen
14:26
and said, "We want to take them to India."
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eta esan genien, "Indiara eraman nahi ditugu."
14:28
They said, "Impossible. They don't even go out of their rooms,
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Esan zuten, "Ezinezkoa. Ez dira beraien geletatik ere kanpora joaten,
14:30
and you want to take them to India."
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eta Indiara eraman nahi dituzu."
14:32
I said, "I'll make a concession. I'll take the husbands along as well."
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Esan nien, "Kontzesio bat egingo dut. Senarrak ere eramango ditut."
14:34
So I took the husbands along.
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Horrela, senarrak ere eraman nituen.
14:36
Of course, the women were much more intelligent than the men.
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Emakumeak gizonak baino askoz azkarragoak ziren, noski.
14:39
In six months,
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Sei hilabetetan,
14:41
how do we train these women?
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nola trebatzen ditugu emakume hauek?
14:44
Sign language.
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Zeinuen hizkuntza.
14:46
You don't choose the written word.
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Ez duzu idatzitako hitza aukeratzen.
14:49
You don't choose the spoken word.
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Ez duzu mintzatutako hitza aukeratzen.
14:51
You use sign language.
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Zeinuen hizkuntza erabiltzen duzu.
14:54
And in six months
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Eta sei hilabetetan
14:56
they can become solar engineers.
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eguzki injineru bilakatu daitezke.
15:00
They go back and solar-electrify their own village.
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Itzuli egiten dira eta beraien herrixka eguzkiz-elektrifikatzen dute.
15:03
This woman went back
329
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Emakume hau itzuli zen
15:05
and solar-electrified the first village,
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eta lehen herrixka eguzkiz-elektrifikatu zuen,
15:08
set up a workshop --
331
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lantegi bat antolatu zuen --
15:10
the first village ever to be solar-electrified in Afghanistan
332
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Afganistanen eguzkiz-elektrifikatutako lehen herrixka
15:13
[was] by the three women.
333
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hiru emakumek egin zuten.
15:16
This woman
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Emakume hau
15:18
is an extraordinary grandmother.
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ezohiko amona bat da.
15:20
55 years old, and she's solar-electrified 200 houses for me in Afghanistan.
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55 urte ditu, eta neuretzako 200 etxebizitza eguzkiz-elektrifikatu ditu Afganistanen.
15:25
And they haven't collapsed.
337
910000
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Eta ez dira behera erori.
15:28
She actually went and spoke to an engineering department in Afghanistan
338
913000
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Emakume hau Afganistango injinerutza departamentu batera joan eta hitz egin zuen
15:31
and told the head of the department
339
916000
2000
eta departamentu buruari esan zion
15:33
the difference between AC and DC.
340
918000
2000
AC eta DC arteko ezberdintasuna.
15:35
He didn't know.
341
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Berak (gizonak) ez zekien.
15:37
Those three women have trained 27 more women
342
922000
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Hiru emakume horiek beste 27 emakume trebatu dituzte
15:40
and solar-electrified 100 villages in Afghanistan.
343
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eta 100 herrixka eguzkiz-elektrifikatu dituzte Afganistanen.
15:43
We went to Africa,
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928000
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Afrikara joan ginen,
15:46
and we did the same thing.
345
931000
2000
eta gauza bera egin genuen.
15:48
All these women sitting at one table from eight, nine countries,
346
933000
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Emakume guzti hauek mahai batean eserita, zortzi, bederatzi herrialdetakoak,
15:51
all chatting to each other, not understanding a word,
347
936000
3000
guztiak elkarri hitz egiten, hitz bakarra ulertu gabe,
15:54
because they're all speaking a different language.
348
939000
2000
guztiek hizkuntza ezberdina hitz egiten dutelako.
15:56
But their body language is great.
349
941000
2000
Baino beraien gorputz hizkuntza bikaina da.
15:58
They're speaking to each other
350
943000
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Elkarri hitz egiten ari dira
16:00
and actually becoming solar engineers.
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2000
eta eguzki injineruak bihurtzen.
16:02
I went to Sierra Leone,
352
947000
3000
Sierra Leonara joan nintzen,
16:05
and there was this minister driving down in the dead of night --
353
950000
3000
eta ministro hau ari zen gidatzen gauaren erdian --
16:08
comes across this village.
354
953000
2000
herrixka zeharkatzen du.
16:10
Comes back, goes into the village, says, "Well what's the story?"
355
955000
3000
Atzera itzuli, herrixkara joan eta esaten du, "Bueno zein da istorioa?"
16:13
They said, "These two grandmothers ... "
356
958000
2000
Esan zuten, "Bi amona hauek... "
16:15
"Grandmothers?" The minister couldn't believe what was happening.
357
960000
3000
"Amonak?" Ministroak ezin zuen sinistu gertatzen ari zena.
16:18
"Where did they go?" "Went to India and back."
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"Nora joan ziren?" "Indiara joan eta itzuli ziren."
16:21
Went straight to the president.
359
966000
2000
Presidentearengana joan zen zuzenean.
16:23
He said, "Do you know there's a solar-electrified village in Sierra Leone?"
360
968000
2000
Esan zion, "Badakizu eguzkiz-elektrifikatutako herrixka bat dagoela Sierra Leonan?
16:25
He said, "No." Half the cabinet went to see the grandmothers the next day.
361
970000
3000
Esan zuen, "Ez." Kabinete erdia joan zen hurrengo egunean amonak ikustera.
16:28
"What's the story."
362
973000
2000
"Zein da istorioa."
16:30
So he summoned me and said, "Can you train me 150 grandmothers?"
363
975000
4000
Deia luzatu zidan eta esan zuen, "Trebatuko dizkidazu 150 amona?"
16:34
I said, "I can't, Mr. President.
364
979000
2000
Esan nion, "Ezin dut, Presidente Jauna.
16:36
But they will. The grandmothers will."
365
981000
2000
Baino beraiek egingo dute. Amonek egingo dute."
16:38
So he built me the first Barefoot training center in Sierra Leone.
366
983000
3000
Hala eraiki zidan lehenengo Oinustuak trebatzeko gunea Sierra Leonan.
16:41
And 150 grandmothers have been trained in Sierra Leone.
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4000
Eta 150 amona trebatu dituzte Sierra Leonan.
16:45
Gambia:
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Gambia:
16:47
we went to select a grandmother in Gambia.
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992000
3000
Gambian amona bat aukeratzera joan ginen.
16:50
Went to this village.
370
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2000
Herrixka honetara joan ginen.
16:52
I knew which woman I would like to take.
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Banekien ze emakume eraman nahi nukeen.
16:54
The community got together and said, "Take these two women."
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Komunitatea elkartu zen eta esan zuten, "Eraman bi emakume hauek."
16:57
I said, "No, I want to take this woman."
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Esan nien, "Ez, emakume hau eraman nahi dut."
16:59
They said, "Why? She doesn't know the language. You don't know her."
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Esan zuten, "Zergatik? Berak ez daki hizkuntza. Ez duzu ezagutzen."
17:01
I said, "I like the body language. I like the way she speaks."
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Esan nien, "Gorputz hizkuntza gustatzen zait. Gustuko dut hitz egiteko duen modua."
17:04
"Difficult husband; not possible."
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"Senar zaila; ez da posible."
17:06
Called the husband, the husband came,
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Senarra deitu nuen, senarra etorri zen,
17:08
swaggering, politician, mobile in his hand. "Not possible."
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hesola baino tenteago, politikaria, mugikorra eskuan. "Ezinezkoa."
17:11
"Why not?" "The woman, look how beautiful she is."
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"Zergatik ez?" "Emakumea, begiratu zein ederra den."
17:14
I said, "Yeah, she is very beautiful."
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Esan nion, "Bai, oso ederra da."
17:16
"What happens if she runs off with an Indian man?"
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"Zer gertatzen da Indiako gizon batekin alde egiten badu?"
17:18
That was his biggest fear.
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Hori zen bere beldur handiena.
17:20
I said, "She'll be happy. She'll ring you up on the mobile."
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Esan nion, "Pozik egongo da. Mugikorrera hots egingo dizu."
17:23
She went like a grandmother
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Amona bat bezala alde egin zuen
17:26
and came back like a tiger.
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eta tigrea bezala itzuli zen.
17:28
She walked out of the plane
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Hegazkinetik irten zen
17:30
and spoke to the whole press as if she was a veteran.
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eta prentsari hitz egin zion eskarmentu handia balu bezala.
17:33
She handled the national press,
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Prentsa nazionala gobernatu zuen,
17:36
and she was a star.
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eta izarra izan zen.
17:38
And when I went back six months later, I said, "Where's your husband?"
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Eta sei hilabete beranduago itzuli nintzenean, esan nuen, "Non dago zure senarra?"
17:41
"Oh, somewhere. It doesn't matter."
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"O, nonbaiten. Ez du axola."
17:43
(Laughter)
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(Barre-algarak)
17:45
Success story.
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Istorio arrakastatsua.
17:47
(Laughter)
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(Barre-algarak)
17:49
(Applause)
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(Txaloak)
17:52
I'll just wind up by saying
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Amaituko dut esanez
17:58
that I think you don't have to look for solutions outside.
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uste dudala konponbideak ez direla kanpoan bilatu behar.
18:02
Look for solutions within.
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Bilatu konponbideak barrenean.
18:04
And listen to people. They have the solutions in front of you.
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Eta entzun jendeari. Beraiek konponbideak dauzkate zure aurrean.
18:07
They're all over the world.
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Mundu osoan zehar daude.
18:09
Don't even worry.
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Ez arduratu.
18:11
Don't listen to the World Bank, listen to the people on the ground.
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Ez entzun Munduko Bankuari, entzun lekuko jendeari.
18:14
They have all the solutions in the world.
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Munduko konponbide guztiak dauzkate.
18:17
I'll end with a quotation by Mahatma Gandhi.
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Mahatma Gandhi-ren aipu batekin bukatuko dut.
18:20
"First they ignore you,
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"Lehenengo ez dizute jaramonik egiten,
18:22
then they laugh at you,
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gero barre egiten dizute,
18:24
then they fight you,
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ondoren zure aurka borrokatzen dira,
18:26
and then you win."
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eta orduan irabazi duzu."
18:28
Thank you.
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Eskerrik asko.
18:30
(Applause)
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(Txaloak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Bunker Roy - EducatorSanjit “Bunker” Roy is the founder of Barefoot College, which helps rural communities becomes self-sufficient.
Why you should listen
Development projects the world over run into one crucial point: For a project to live on, it needs to be organic, owned and sustained by those it serves. In 1972, Sanjit “Bunker” Roy founded the Barefoot College, in the village of Tilonia in Rajasthan, India, with just this mission: to provide basic services and solutions in rural communities with the objective of making them self-sufficient. These “barefoot solutions” can be broadly categorized into solar energy, water, education, health care, rural handicrafts, people’s action, communication, women’s empowerment and wasteland development. The Barefoot College education program, for instance, teaches literacy and also skills, encouraging learning-by-doing. (Literacy is only part of it.) Bunker’s organization has also successfully trained grandmothers from Africa and the Himalayan region to be solar engineers so they can bring electricity to their remote villages.
As he says, Barefoot College is "a place of learning and unlearning: where the teacher is the learner and the learner is the teacher."
Bunker Roy | Speaker | TED.com