TEDGlobal 2011
Bunker Roy: Learning from a barefoot movement
邦克·罗伊: 从赤腳運動中学习
Filmed:
Readability: 3.1
4,300,944 views
係印度的拉贾斯坦邦，有一間非比尋常的学校。这学校主要教育农村成年人（其中大部份係文盲），使他们成为他们自己村里的太阳能工程师，艺术家，牙医和医生。这所学校就叫做赤脚學院。學院的创办人-邦克·罗伊-就将在这里为我们讲述这个學院的成功事迹。
Bunker Roy - Educator
Sanjit “Bunker” Roy is the founder of Barefoot College, which helps rural communities becomes self-sufficient. Full bio
Sanjit “Bunker” Roy is the founder of Barefoot College, which helps rural communities becomes self-sufficient. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
I'd like to take you to another world.
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我想帶你地去另一個世界。
00:19
And I'd like to share
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然後同你地分享
00:21
a 45 year-old love story
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一個45年之久的愛情故事
00:25
with the poor,
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同嘀
00:28
living on less than one dollar a day.
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連一汶美金都賺唔到的窮人一起。
00:33
I went to a very elitist, snobbish,
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我曾經所受的教育是在印度非常
00:37
expensive education in India,
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卓越，勢利，貴族
00:41
and that almost destroyed me.
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然而它幾乎摧毀我的人生。
00:46
I was all set
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我被選為
00:48
to be a diplomat, teacher, doctor --
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當一位外交官，老師，醫生
00:51
all laid out.
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嚟嘀全部都為我鋪墊曬。
00:55
Then, I don't look it, but I was the Indian national squash champion
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完全唔使我擔憂。
00:58
for three years.
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同時我係印度國家壁球比賽三連冠。
01:00
(Laughter)
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[笑聲]
01:02
The whole world was laid out for me.
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仿佛整個世界就為我存在。
01:05
Everything was at my feet.
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一切都在我掌握之中，
01:07
I could do nothing wrong.
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只要我不犯錯。
01:10
And then I thought out of curiosity
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然而，我開始好奇
01:12
I'd like to go and live and work
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我想去鄉下工作、生活下，
01:14
and just see what a village is like.
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感受一下係點嘅感覺。
01:16
So in 1965,
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所以在1965年，
01:18
I went to what was called the worst Bihar famine in India,
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我去到印度有史以來最大的比哈爾邦飢荒,
01:22
and I saw starvation, death,
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第一次親歷
01:25
people dying of hunger, for the first time.
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因飢荒而餓死的人。
01:28
It changed my life.
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就此，我的生活發生轉變，
01:31
I came back home,
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我返到屋企，
01:33
told my mother,
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告知我母親：
01:35
"I'd like to live and work in a village."
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“我想去鄉下工作，在那裡生活。”
01:38
Mother went into a coma.
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她震驚地昏厥過去。
01:40
(Laughter)
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[笑聲]
01:43
"What is this?
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“你係咩意思？
01:45
The whole world is laid out for you, the best jobs are laid out for you,
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你的人生安排得如此地好，可以得到最好得上流工作，
01:48
and you want to go and work in a village?
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你宜家同我講想去鄉下工作？
01:50
I mean, is there something wrong with you?"
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你係唔係有問題？“
01:52
I said, "No, I've got the best eduction.
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我告訴她：”我無問題。我得到了最好得教育，
01:54
It made me think.
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讓我開始反思。
01:56
And I wanted to give something back
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我決定要用我所學，
01:59
in my own way."
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去回報社會。”
02:01
"What do you want to do in a village?
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“你想去鄉下做咩？
02:03
No job, no money,
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無工作，無錢，
02:05
no security, no prospect."
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無保障，無前景。“
02:07
I said, "I want to live
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我話：“我想係果度生活，
02:09
and dig wells for five years."
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挖五年的井。"
02:12
"Dig wells for five years?
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“挖五年井?
02:14
You went to the most expensive school and college in India,
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你讀過全印度最貴族的學校，
02:17
and you want to dig wells for five years?"
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宜家你話想用五年時間去挖井?"
02:19
She didn't speak to me for a very long time,
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至此之後，她很久無同我聯絡，
02:23
because she thought I'd let my family down.
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因為她覺得我讓家人丟架。
02:28
But then,
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不過，在村裡
02:30
I was exposed to the most extraordinary knowledge and skills
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我見識了最超出尋常的知識和技能，
02:33
that very poor people have,
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在窮人的身上。
02:35
which are never brought into the mainstream --
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而這一切從來都登不上主流，
02:38
which is never identified, respected,
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因為從來無被他人注意，或尊重過。
02:40
applied on a large scale.
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又或者廣泛地應用過。
02:42
And I thought I'd start a Barefoot College --
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我決定創辦一所赤腳學院
02:44
college only for the poor.
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一所只為窮人所辦的學院。
02:46
What the poor thought was important
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將窮人認為重要的想法，
02:48
would be reflected in the college.
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轉化成學院教育的宗旨。
02:52
I went to this village for the first time.
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第一次去到了嚟個農村。
02:54
Elders came to me
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年邁的長者過來問我：“
02:56
and said, "Are you running from the police?"
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你係未通緝犯？”
02:58
I said, "No."
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我話：”唔係。“
03:00
(Laughter)
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[笑聲]
03:04
"You failed in your exam?"
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“考試無過？”
03:06
I said, "No."
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我話：”唔係。“
03:08
"You didn't get a government job?" I said, "No."
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你塭唔到政府工？ 我話：”唔係。“
03:11
"What are you doing here?
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“咁你過來嚟度做咩？“
03:13
Why are you here?
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”點解要來嚟度？”
03:15
The education system in India
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在印度的教育制度，
03:17
makes you look at Paris and New Delhi and Zurich;
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應該會令你嚮往去巴黎，新德里，或者蘇黎世那種地方；
03:20
what are you doing in this village?
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你來我地鄉下到底鄉做咩？
03:22
Is there something wrong with you you're not telling us?"
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你係唔係有耶瞞住我地？”
03:25
I said, "No, I want to actually start a college
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我話：“無，我只想為窮人創辦一所學院。
03:28
only for the poor.
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將窮人認為重要的想法
03:30
What the poor thought was important would be reflected in the college."
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在學院中建設，實現。”
03:33
So the elders gave me some very sound and profound advice.
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這些長者給予我許多建設性的提議。
03:37
They said, "Please,
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佢地話：“
03:39
don't bring anyone with a degree and qualification
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唔好讓任何有學歷或證書的人
03:42
into your college."
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進入這所學院。”
03:44
So it's the only college in India
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所以我地係印度唯一一間
03:47
where, if you should have a Ph.D. or a Master's,
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如果你有博士，或碩士學位，
03:50
you are disqualified to come.
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唔會收取的學院。
03:52
You have to be a cop-out or a wash-out or a dropout
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你必須要是一名逃學者, 考試不及格者, 或是輟學者
03:57
to come to our college.
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先能就讀嚟所學院。
04:00
You have to work with your hands.
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你必須用你雙手勞作，
04:02
You have to have a dignity of labor.
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不可以因為勞動有羞恥心，
04:04
You have to show that you have a skill that you can offer to the community
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要向社區證明你有他們所需的技能
04:07
and provide a service to the community.
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並對社區提供服務。
04:10
So we started the Barefoot College,
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我地開始了赤腳學院，
04:13
and we redefined professionalism.
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我地將職業精神重新定定義。
04:15
Who is a professional?
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點樣先算一名專家？
04:17
A professional is someone
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專家指的是那些
04:19
who has a combination of competence,
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能力、自信心
04:21
confidence and belief.
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和信仰並重的人。
04:24
A water diviner is a professional.
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為水源定位的人係專家。
04:27
A traditional midwife
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傳統助產婆
04:29
is a professional.
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同樣係專家。
04:31
A traditional bone setter is a professional.
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傳統餐具擺放者都酸係專家。
04:34
These are professionals all over the world.
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專家遍佈世界各地，
04:36
You find them in any inaccessible village around the world.
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你可以從任何偏僻的村落揾到他們的身影。
04:40
And we thought that these people should come into the mainstream
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我地認為嚟嘀人應該加入主流社會，
04:43
and show that the knowledge and skills that they have
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來證明他們所擁有的知識和技能，
04:46
is universal.
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係全球通用的。
04:48
It needs to be used, needs to be applied,
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他們應該被應用，
04:50
needs to be shown to the world outside --
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向外界展示，
04:52
that these knowledge and skills
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告訴世界這些知識技能
04:54
are relevant even today.
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能在今日社會發揮作用。
04:58
So the college works
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這所學院的文化
05:00
following the lifestyle and workstyle of Mahatma Gandhi.
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係追隨聖雄甘地的生活和工作習慣。
05:04
You eat on the floor, you sleep on the floor, you work on the floor.
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吃飯, 睡覺, 和工作都是在地上。
05:08
There are no contracts, no written contracts.
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沒有合同，從來也不需要簽合同。
05:10
You can stay with me for 20 years, go tomorrow.
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你可以係度讀二十年，後者聽日就走。
05:13
And no one can get more than $100 a month.
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無人可以賺取多餘一百美金一個月。
05:16
You come for the money, you don't come to Barefoot College.
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如果你想賺錢，你來錯咗地方。
05:19
You come for the work and the challenge,
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如果你愛工作並且願意接受挑戰,
05:21
you'll come to the Barefoot College.
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赤腳學院歡迎你。
05:23
That is where we want you to try crazy ideas.
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嚟度係一個令人嘗試瘋狂想法的地方。
05:26
Whatever idea you have, come and try it.
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無論係點嘅想法，都可以大膽嘗試。
05:28
It doesn't matter if you fail.
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失敗無所謂。
05:30
Battered, bruised, you start again.
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再重頭來過。
05:33
It's the only college where the teacher is the learner
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嚟度係唯一一所老師亦是學生，
05:36
and the learner is the teacher.
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而學生亦是老師的學院。
05:39
And it's the only college where we don't give a certificate.
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同時亦係唯一一所不頒發證書的學院。
05:42
You are certified by the community you serve.
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你的教育係留俾你所貢獻的社區來鑑定，
05:45
You don't need a paper to hang on the wall
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你不需要再牆上掛起一張證書
05:47
to show that you are an engineer.
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來證明你係一名工程師。
05:52
So when I said that,
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當村民聽到我這番話，
05:54
they said, "Well show us what is possible. What are you doing?
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佢地話：“好啊，你用行動實踐你嘀計劃。
05:57
This is all mumbo-jumbo if you can't show it on the ground."
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如果你都做唔成，嚟嘀全都係廢話。“
06:01
So we built the first Barefoot College
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所以在1986年，
06:04
in 1986.
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我地建成第一所赤腳學院。
06:07
It was built by 12 Barefoot architects
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係十二位
06:09
who can't read and write,
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連字都唔識的建築師，
06:11
built on $1.50 a sq. ft.
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以每平方英尺$1.5的成本修建了這所學院。
06:14
150 people lived there, worked there.
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一百五十人在那裡工作、居住。
06:18
They got the Aga Khan Award for Architecture in 2002.
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2002年時他們榮獲了阿迦汗建築獎。
06:21
But then they suspected, they thought there was an architect behind it.
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但評委懷疑, 認為有另外的建築師參與修建.
06:24
I said, "Yes, they made the blueprints,
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我告訴他們:"的確有, 他們只係畫下設計圖，
06:26
but the Barefoot architects actually constructed the college."
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只有赤腳學院的建築師參與了修建。”
06:31
We are the only ones who actually returned the award for $50,000,
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我地係唯一將$50000獎金歸還的得獎者,
06:34
because they didn't believe us,
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因為他們不相信我地
06:36
and we thought that they were actually casting aspersions
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而且我地認為他們的懷疑
06:40
on the Barefoot architects of Tilonia.
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會造成對赤腳學院建築師的一種誹謗。
06:43
I asked a forester --
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我問一位林務員
06:45
high-powered, paper-qualified expert --
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一位權威, 有證書的專家
06:48
I said, "What can you build in this place?"
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"你可以係度修建嘀咩?"
06:51
He had one look at the soil and said, "Forget it. No way.
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他睇了下泥土, 講:"算數吧了，唔可能。
06:53
Not even worth it.
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根本唔值得。
06:55
No water, rocky soil."
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無水，到處都系岩石地。”
06:57
I was in a bit of a spot.
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我開始有些擔憂
06:59
And I said, "Okay, I'll go to the old man in village
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我話：“咁好啦，我去問下村落長老。”
07:01
and say, 'What should I grow in this spot?'"
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讓他告訴我這裡可以種些什麼。
07:04
He looked quietly at me and said,
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佢睇咗下我講，
07:06
"You build this, you build this, you put this, and it'll work."
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"你只需要建這個, 建這個, 放這個。"
07:08
This is what it looks like today.
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就如你所見這樣。
07:12
Went to the roof,
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到達樓頂，
07:14
and all the women said, "Clear out.
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所有的婦女同你講,"出去.
07:16
The men should clear out because we don't want to share this technology with the men.
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男人不能上來因為我地唔想同他們分享嚟門技術.
07:19
This is waterproofing the roof."
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嚟個房頂係防水的。"
07:21
(Laughter)
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[笑聲]
07:23
It is a bit of jaggery, a bit of urens
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建造屋頂的材料有棕櫚糖, 蕁麻
07:26
and a bit of other things I don't know.
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其他我就唔知啦。
07:28
But it actually doesn't leak.
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但它的確防水.
07:30
Since 1986, it hasn't leaked.
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1986到宜家都無漏過水。
07:33
This technology, the women will not share with the men.
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婦女不會和男士分享嚟門技術。
07:36
(Laughter)
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[笑聲]
07:39
It's the only college
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這所亦係
07:41
which is fully solar-electrified.
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完全使用太阳能發電的學院。
07:45
All the power comes from the sun.
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能源來自太陽，
07:47
45 kilowatts of panels on the roof.
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45千瓦的太陽能板.
07:49
And everything works off the sun for the next 25 years.
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今後的25年有太陽就夠了，
07:51
So long as the sun shines,
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所以只要有陽光,
07:53
we'll have no problem with power.
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我地就唔怕沒能源。
07:55
But the beauty is
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但其獨特之處
07:57
that is was installed
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係它的修建者
08:00
by a priest, a Hindu priest,
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一位印度教的牧師，
08:03
who's only done eight years of primary schooling --
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只有8年教育
08:06
never been to school, never been to college.
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從來冇返過去，或讀過大學。
08:09
He knows more about solar
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我敢保證
08:11
than anyone I know anywhere in the world guaranteed.
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他在太陽能方面的所懂知識係世界第一。
08:17
Food, if you come to the Barefoot College,
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如果你來到赤腳學院，所有嘅食物
08:19
is solar cooked.
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都係靠太陽能。
08:22
But the people who fabricated that solar cooker
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而太陽能烹調器具的製造者
08:25
are women,
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係女性，
08:28
illiterate women,
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唔識字的女性，
08:30
who actually fabricate
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佢地組裝咗
08:32
the most sophisticated solar cooker.
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最先進的太陽能烹調用具。
08:34
It's a parabolic Scheffler solar cooker.
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佢係一個無需主廚嘅烹調用具。
08:40
Unfortunately, they're almost half German,
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不幸地是, 她們幾乎有一半德國血統,
08:44
they're so precise.
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因為她們非常精確。
08:46
(Laughter)
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[笑聲]
08:48
You'll never find Indian women so precise.
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你無可能揾到如此精確的印度女性.
08:52
Absolutely to the last inch,
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而整個器具嘅製作過程
08:54
they can make that cooker.
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就全靠佢地。
08:56
And we have 60 meals twice a day
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我地每日兩餐飯, 一餐60份
08:58
of solar cooking.
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烹調全是靠太陽能.
09:00
We have a dentist --
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學院有一位牙醫，
09:02
she's a grandmother, illiterate, who's a dentist.
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佢係一位唔識字嘅阿婆，
09:05
She actually looks after the teeth
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但她真係牙醫，一位為7000名兒童
09:07
of 7,000 children.
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服務嘅牙醫。
09:11
Barefoot technology:
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赤腳科技：
09:13
this was 1986 -- no engineer, no architect thought of it --
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嚟個1986 － 無工程師，無建築師唸到，
09:16
but we are collecting rainwater from the roofs.
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不過我地通過屋頂收集雨水。
09:19
Very little water is wasted.
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很少水會被浪費。
09:21
All the roofs are connected underground
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所有屋頂都同地面連接，
09:23
to a 400,000 liter tank,
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一個有40萬升容量嘅水箱,
09:25
and no water is wasted.
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所有水都唔會浪費。
09:27
If we have four years of drought, we still have water on the campus,
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即使發生四年乾旱，我地嘅學院都唔會缺水，
09:30
because we collect rainwater.
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因為我地儲藏了雨水。
09:32
60 percent of children don't go to school,
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60％嘅小朋友無機會返學，
09:35
because they have to look after animals --
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因為要係屋企
09:37
sheep, goats --
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料理家禽，山羊，綿羊，
09:39
domestic chores.
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仲有其他家頭細務。
09:41
So we thought of starting a school
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所以我地決定為這些孩子們
09:44
at night for the children.
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建立夜校。
09:46
Because the night schools of Tilonia,
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因為這些當地的夜校,
09:48
over 75,000 children have gone through these night schools.
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超過7萬5千的小孩都得到咗返學嘅機會。
09:51
Because it's for the convenience of the child;
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夜校嘅誕生係因為考慮到孩子們的需求，
09:53
it's not for the convenience of the teacher.
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唔淨係老師們嘅方便。
09:55
And what do we teach in these schools?
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我地係學校教嘀咩？
09:57
Democracy, citizenship,
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民主, 公民權力,
09:59
how you should measure your land,
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應該點樣去測量你嘅領土,
10:02
what you should do if you're arrested,
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被捕了應該點辦,
10:04
what you should do if your animal is sick.
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你的家畜病了點辦。
10:08
This is what we teach in the night schools.
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嚟嘀係我都在夜校教嘀知識。
10:10
But all the schools are solar-lit.
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所有的學校仲係借助太陽能。
10:13
Every five years
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每到5年,
10:15
we have an election.
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我地舉行一次選舉.
10:17
Between six to 14 year-old children
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在年紀6至14歲的兒童
10:21
participate in a democratic process,
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都可參與嚟個民主選舉,
10:24
and they elect a prime minister.
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佢地選出一個總理。
10:28
The prime minister is 12 years old.
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現任總理只有12歲，
10:32
She looks after 20 goats in the morning,
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佢朝早照看20隻羊,
10:34
but she's prime minister in the evening.
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但晚上佢嘅職務係總理。
10:37
She has a cabinet,
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佢有自己嘅內閣，
10:39
a minister of education, a minister for energy, a minister for health.
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教育部部長, 能源部部長, 衛生部部長。
10:42
And they actually monitor and supervise
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佢地負責監督和管理
10:44
150 schools for 7,000 children.
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150間學校的7000名學生。
10:49
She got the World's Children's Prize five years ago,
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五年前嚟位總理拿到了世界兒童獎,
10:51
and she went to Sweden.
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佢去咗瑞典領獎。
10:53
First time ever going out of her village.
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第一次離開佢所在嘅村，
10:55
Never seen Sweden.
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從未見過瑞典，
10:58
Wasn't dazzled at all by what was happening.
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對當時嘅場面也一點唔驚訝。
11:00
And the Queen of Sweden, who's there,
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瑞典皇后當時都系度,
11:02
turned to me and said, "Can you ask this child where she got her confidence from?
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她問我：”你可唔可以問下嚟個小朋友，她從邊度來嘅自信?
11:05
She's only 12 years old,
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佢先12歲，
11:07
and she's not dazzled by anything."
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但完全唔驚羨。”
11:10
And the girl, who's on her left,
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而嚟個企係她左邊的小女孩,
11:13
turned to me and looked at the queen straight in the eye
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轉向我, 直視皇后,
11:16
and said, "Please tell her I'm the prime minister."
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佢講：“告訴她，我係總理。”
11:19
(Laughter)
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[笑聲]
11:21
(Applause)
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[掌聲]
11:29
Where the percentage of illiteracy is very high,
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係文盲率太高的地方
11:33
we use puppetry.
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我地用木偶戲。
11:36
Puppets is the way we communicate.
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木偶戲就成為我地溝通的方式。
11:45
You have Jokhim Chacha
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嚟個300歲的木偶
11:48
who is 300 years old.
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佢叫喬金查查.。
11:52
He is my psychoanalyst. He is my teacher.
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佢係我嘅心理分析師. 我嘅導師。
11:55
He's my doctor. He's my lawyer.
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我嘅醫生，我嘅律師。
11:57
He's my donor.
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我嘅捐贈者。
11:59
He actually raises money,
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佢為我籌款，
12:01
solves my disputes.
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解決爭執，
12:04
He solves my problems in the village.
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仲幫助村落解決問題。
12:07
If there's tension in the village,
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如果係村落度發生一些矛盾，
12:09
if attendance at the schools goes down
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如果返學嘅人數少咗，
12:11
and there's a friction between the teacher and the parent,
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如果老師同家長方面發生矛盾，
12:13
the puppet calls the teacher and the parent in front of the whole village
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木偶會親老師同家長
12:16
and says, "Shake hands.
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係全村人面前，“握手言和，
12:18
The attendance must not drop."
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逃課人數唔可以增加。”
12:22
These puppets
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嚟嘀木偶
12:24
are made out of recycled World Bank reports.
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係用回收返來嘅世界銀行報告紙造成。
12:26
(Laughter)
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[笑聲]
12:28
(Applause)
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7000
[掌聲]
12:35
So this decentralized, demystified approach
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嚟個分散的, 簡便的
12:39
of solar-electrifying villages,
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借助太陽能為村裡提供電力的方法,
12:41
we've covered all over India
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已經在全印度傳開
12:43
from Ladakh up to Bhutan --
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從拉達克到不丹
12:48
all solar-electrified villages
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所有使用太陽能電力嘅鄉村
12:50
by people who have been trained.
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係由受過培訓嘅人修建。
12:54
And we went to Ladakh,
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我去咗拉達克,
12:56
and we asked this woman --
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問咗一位當地婦女
12:58
this, at minus 40, you have to come out of the roof,
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在嚟度，零下40度，你只能走上屋頂
13:01
because there's no place, it was all snowed up on both sides --
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因為無地方, 兩邊都被雪給覆蓋曬。
13:04
and we asked this woman,
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當我地問佢：
13:06
"What was the benefit you had
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“用太陽能發電
13:08
from solar electricity?"
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對你有咩好處?"
13:10
And she thought for a minute and said,
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佢唸咗一下答到：
13:12
"It's the first time I can see my husband's face in winter."
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”嚟個係我第一次係冬天睇到我老公嘅樣。“
13:16
(Laughter)
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[笑聲]
13:19
Went to Afghanistan.
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來到阿富汗，
13:21
One lesson we learned in India
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我地從印度明白咗一件事
13:26
was men are untrainable.
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男人係教唔識嘅.
13:30
(Laughter)
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[笑聲]
13:34
Men are restless,
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佢地唔願意停頓，
13:36
men are ambitious,
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雄心勃勃,
13:38
men are compulsively mobile,
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易衝動,
13:41
and they all want a certificate.
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而且都想要證明.
13:43
(Laughter)
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[笑聲]
13:45
All across the globe, you have this tendency
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世界各地, 你會發覺
13:48
of men wanting a certificate.
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所有人的男性都想要一張證書。
13:50
Why? Because they want to leave the village
300
815000
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點解？ 因為佢地想離開村莊，
13:53
and go to a city, looking for a job.
301
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到城市揾工。
13:56
So we came up with a great solution:
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我地唸到一個好辦法：
13:59
train grandmothers.
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訓練阿婆。
14:03
What's the best way of communicating
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如今世上，
14:05
in the world today?
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最好嘅溝通方式係咩？
14:07
Television? No.
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電視？唔係。
14:09
Telegraph? No.
307
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電信？ 唔係。
14:11
Telephone? No.
308
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電話？ 唔係。
14:13
Tell a woman.
309
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同女性傾訴。
14:15
(Laughter)
310
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[笑聲]
14:18
(Applause)
311
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[掌聲]
14:22
So we went to Afghanistan for the first time,
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我地第一次來到阿富汗，
14:24
and we picked three women
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選咗三位女性。
14:26
and said, "We want to take them to India."
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“我地想帶佢地去印度。”
14:28
They said, "Impossible. They don't even go out of their rooms,
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“唔可能。佢地連自己間房都出唔到去,
14:30
and you want to take them to India."
316
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點會同你去印度。”
14:32
I said, "I'll make a concession. I'll take the husbands along as well."
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我話：“我地可以做一次妥協。帶佢地老公一起來。”
14:34
So I took the husbands along.
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結果佢地老公跟埋來。
14:36
Of course, the women were much more intelligent than the men.
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當然, 嚟嘀女性比男性更有智慧。
14:39
In six months,
320
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係6個月內，
14:41
how do we train these women?
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我地係點樣改變嚟嘀女性？
14:44
Sign language.
322
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手語。
14:46
You don't choose the written word.
323
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唔用寫
14:49
You don't choose the spoken word.
324
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2000
唔用講
14:51
You use sign language.
325
876000
3000
只用比。
14:54
And in six months
326
879000
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就係6個月內，
14:56
they can become solar engineers.
327
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佢地就成為了太陽能工程師。
15:00
They go back and solar-electrify their own village.
328
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回到村裡利用太陽能發電。
15:03
This woman went back
329
888000
2000
嚟嘀女性返到屋企後，
15:05
and solar-electrified the first village,
330
890000
3000
佢地用太陽能為第一所村莊提供電力,
15:08
set up a workshop --
331
893000
2000
開辦聯繫班
15:10
the first village ever to be solar-electrified in Afghanistan
332
895000
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阿富汗第一個利用太陽能發電村落
15:13
[was] by the three women.
333
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就搞三位女性親手建立。
15:16
This woman
334
901000
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嚟位女性，
15:18
is an extraordinary grandmother.
335
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係一個非比尋常嘅婆婆。
15:20
55 years old, and she's solar-electrified 200 houses for me in Afghanistan.
336
905000
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55歲了, 已為阿富汗的200座房屋提供了太陽能供電。
15:25
And they haven't collapsed.
337
910000
3000
而且無一座倒塌。
15:28
She actually went and spoke to an engineering department in Afghanistan
338
913000
3000
嚟位阿婆去咗阿富汗工程部演講，
15:31
and told the head of the department
339
916000
2000
並告訴系主任
15:33
the difference between AC and DC.
340
918000
2000
交流電和直流電的區別。
15:35
He didn't know.
341
920000
2000
果位部長對此並不瞭解。
15:37
Those three women have trained 27 more women
342
922000
3000
果三位女性又再培訓咗另外的27位女性，
15:40
and solar-electrified 100 villages in Afghanistan.
343
925000
3000
而且為阿富汗廣泛提供了太陽能發電。
15:43
We went to Africa,
344
928000
3000
我地去咗非洲，
15:46
and we did the same thing.
345
931000
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做了同樣的事。
15:48
All these women sitting at one table from eight, nine countries,
346
933000
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嚟嘀女性來自唔同嘅國家坐埋一起，
15:51
all chatting to each other, not understanding a word,
347
936000
3000
互相交談，但都講唔同嘅語言。
15:54
because they're all speaking a different language.
348
939000
2000
因為聽唔明對方，
15:56
But their body language is great.
349
941000
2000
但佢地嘀肢體語言犀利。
15:58
They're speaking to each other
350
943000
2000
佢地可以互相交談，
16:00
and actually becoming solar engineers.
351
945000
2000
對話嘅過程中已逐漸成為太陽能工程師。
16:02
I went to Sierra Leone,
352
947000
3000
我地去咗獅子山共和國,
16:05
and there was this minister driving down in the dead of night --
353
950000
3000
坐係首相嘅車上
16:08
comes across this village.
354
953000
2000
夜晚穿過了嚟個鄉村，
16:10
Comes back, goes into the village, says, "Well what's the story?"
355
955000
3000
返到村莊後, 問 "嚟度發生咗咩事?"
16:13
They said, "These two grandmothers ... "
356
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2000
佢地話：“就係嚟兩位阿婆...”
16:15
"Grandmothers?" The minister couldn't believe what was happening.
357
960000
3000
“阿婆？”首相難以置信。
16:18
"Where did they go?" "Went to India and back."
358
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3000
佢地去咗過邊度去咗印度之後返來。”
16:21
Went straight to the president.
359
966000
2000
首相揾到總統，
16:23
He said, "Do you know there's a solar-electrified village in Sierra Leone?"
360
968000
2000
問：“你知唔知我地國家有一個靠太陽能發電嘅村落？”
16:25
He said, "No." Half the cabinet went to see the grandmothers the next day.
361
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3000
總統話：“唔知道。” 內閣一半的成員第二天都去拜訪咗嚟嘀阿婆。
16:28
"What's the story."
362
973000
2000
“點樣做到嘎?"
16:30
So he summoned me and said, "Can you train me 150 grandmothers?"
363
975000
4000
總統傳喚咗我, ”可唔可以幫我培訓150位阿婆?"
16:34
I said, "I can't, Mr. President.
364
979000
2000
我話：“總統大人，我唔得。
16:36
But they will. The grandmothers will."
365
981000
2000
不過嚟嘀阿婆可以做到。”
16:38
So he built me the first Barefoot training center in Sierra Leone.
366
983000
3000
總統為我地在獅子山共和國修建了第一所赤腳培訓中心。
16:41
And 150 grandmothers have been trained in Sierra Leone.
367
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之後有150位阿婆係嚟度受訓。
16:45
Gambia:
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係甘比亞：
16:47
we went to select a grandmother in Gambia.
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我地選擇了一位阿婆，
16:50
Went to this village.
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去咗佢所在嘅村落。
16:52
I knew which woman I would like to take.
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我知道邊嘀女性應該帶走。
16:54
The community got together and said, "Take these two women."
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整個村落嘀人都推薦：“佢地兩位適合。”
16:57
I said, "No, I want to take this woman."
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我話：“不過，我想帶嚟位女士。”
16:59
They said, "Why? She doesn't know the language. You don't know her."
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佢地問：“點解？”你同佢無法溝通。你又唔識佢。“
17:01
I said, "I like the body language. I like the way she speaks."
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我回答：“我中意用比嘅, 同埋中意佢講耶嘅方式。”
17:04
"Difficult husband; not possible."
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佢老公比較麻煩。
17:06
Called the husband, the husband came,
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叫佢老公出來，
17:08
swaggering, politician, mobile in his hand. "Not possible."
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大搖大擺, 十足政客, 一邊拿住手機。
17:11
"Why not?" "The woman, look how beautiful she is."
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“問點解？ 睇下我老婆幾靓。”
17:14
I said, "Yeah, she is very beautiful."
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我話：“係， 佢係好靓。”
17:16
"What happens if she runs off with an Indian man?"
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佢老公講：“如果佢同個印度男人私奔，你話點算？”
17:18
That was his biggest fear.
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嚟個就係佢最大顧慮。
17:20
I said, "She'll be happy. She'll ring you up on the mobile."
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我話：“佢會開心，每日同你電聯。”
17:23
She went like a grandmother
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佢離開之前係一位阿婆，
17:26
and came back like a tiger.
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返到來之後生龍活虎。
17:28
She walked out of the plane
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落咗飛機，
17:30
and spoke to the whole press as if she was a veteran.
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像位老兵一樣接受當地記者們嘅訪問。
17:33
She handled the national press,
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佢成功應對了整個媒體。
17:36
and she was a star.
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成為一位明星。
17:38
And when I went back six months later, I said, "Where's your husband?"
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我6個月後返到了佢條村, "你老公唔係到咩?"
17:41
"Oh, somewhere. It doesn't matter."
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佢話：“應該係度。我都懶得理佢。”
17:43
(Laughter)
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[笑聲]
17:45
Success story.
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典型成功案例。
17:47
(Laughter)
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[笑聲]
17:49
(Applause)
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[掌聲]
17:52
I'll just wind up by saying
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最後，我想講
17:58
that I think you don't have to look for solutions outside.
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你唔使到外邊揾解決方法。
18:02
Look for solutions within.
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係內部揾揾試下。
18:04
And listen to people. They have the solutions in front of you.
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聽下有解決方法的人嘅話。
18:07
They're all over the world.
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佢地係世界各地都揾得到。
18:09
Don't even worry.
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唔使煩惱。
18:11
Don't listen to the World Bank, listen to the people on the ground.
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唔好相信世界銀行，相信果嘀普通人。
18:14
They have all the solutions in the world.
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佢地知道點樣解決任何問題。
18:17
I'll end with a quotation by Mahatma Gandhi.
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最後我套用聖雄甘地嘅一句話。
18:20
"First they ignore you,
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“佢地先係忽視你，
18:22
then they laugh at you,
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然後嘲笑你,
18:24
then they fight you,
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然後同你爭，
18:26
and then you win."
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最後，你就係贏家。”
18:28
Thank you.
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[多謝大家]
18:30
(Applause)
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[掌聲]
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Bunker Roy - EducatorSanjit “Bunker” Roy is the founder of Barefoot College, which helps rural communities becomes self-sufficient.
Why you should listen
Development projects the world over run into one crucial point: For a project to live on, it needs to be organic, owned and sustained by those it serves. In 1972, Sanjit “Bunker” Roy founded the Barefoot College, in the village of Tilonia in Rajasthan, India, with just this mission: to provide basic services and solutions in rural communities with the objective of making them self-sufficient. These “barefoot solutions” can be broadly categorized into solar energy, water, education, health care, rural handicrafts, people’s action, communication, women’s empowerment and wasteland development. The Barefoot College education program, for instance, teaches literacy and also skills, encouraging learning-by-doing. (Literacy is only part of it.) Bunker’s organization has also successfully trained grandmothers from Africa and the Himalayan region to be solar engineers so they can bring electricity to their remote villages.
As he says, Barefoot College is "a place of learning and unlearning: where the teacher is the learner and the learner is the teacher."
Bunker Roy | Speaker | TED.com