ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Bunker Roy - Educator
Sanjit “Bunker” Roy is the founder of Barefoot College, which helps rural communities becomes self-sufficient.

Why you should listen

Development projects the world over run into one crucial point: For a project to live on, it needs to be organic, owned and sustained by those it serves. In 1972,  Sanjit “Bunker” Roy founded the Barefoot College, in the village of Tilonia in Rajasthan, India, with just this mission: to provide basic services and solutions in rural communities with the objective of making them self-sufficient. These “barefoot solutions” can be broadly categorized into solar energy, water, education, health care, rural handicrafts, people’s action, communication, women’s empowerment and wasteland development. The Barefoot College education program, for instance, teaches literacy and also skills, encouraging learning-by-doing. (Literacy is only part of it.)  Bunker’s organization has also successfully trained grandmothers from Africa and the Himalayan region to be solar engineers so they can bring electricity to their remote villages.

As he says, Barefoot College is "a place of learning and unlearning: where the teacher is the learner and the learner is the teacher."

More profile about the speaker
Bunker Roy | Speaker | TED.com
TEDGlobal 2011

Bunker Roy: Learning from a barefoot movement

邦克·罗伊: 从赤腳運動中学习

Filmed:
4,300,944 views

係印度的拉贾斯坦邦,有一間非比尋常的学校。这学校主要教育农村成年人(其中大部份係文盲),使他们成为他们自己村里的太阳能工程师,艺术家,牙医和医生。这所学校就叫做赤脚學院。學院的创办人-邦克·罗伊-就将在这里为我们讲述这个學院的成功事迹。
- Educator
Sanjit “Bunker” Roy is the founder of Barefoot College, which helps rural communities becomes self-sufficient. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:15
I'd like to take you to another另一個 world世界.
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我想帶你地去另一個世界。
00:19
And I'd like to share共享
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然後同你地分享
00:21
a 45 year-old love story故事
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一個45年之久的愛情故事
00:25
with the poor可憐,
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同嘀
00:28
living生活 on less than one dollar美元 a day.
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連一汶美金都賺唔到的窮人一起。
00:33
I went to a very elitist精英, snobbish勢利,
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我曾經所受的教育是在印度非常
00:37
expensive昂貴 education教育 in India印度,
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卓越,勢利,貴族
00:41
and that almost爭 D destroyed摧毀 me.
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然而它幾乎摧毀我的人生。
00:46
I was all set設置
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我被選為
00:48
to be a diplomat外交官, teacher先生, doctor醫生 --
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當一位外交官,老師,醫生
00:51
all laid奠定 out.
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嚟嘀全部都為我鋪墊曬。
00:55
Then, I don't look it, but I was the Indian印度 national國家 squash南瓜 champion冠軍
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完全唔使我擔憂。
00:58
for three years.
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同時我係印度國家壁球比賽三連冠。
01:00
(Laughter笑聲)
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[笑聲]
01:02
The whole整個 world世界 was laid奠定 out for me.
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仿佛整個世界就為我存在。
01:05
Everything was at my feet隻腳.
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一切都在我掌握之中,
01:07
I could do nothing wrong.
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只要我不犯錯。
01:10
And then I thought out of curiosity好奇心
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然而,我開始好奇
01:12
I'd like to go and live and work
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我想去鄉下工作、生活下,
01:14
and just see what a village is like.
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感受一下係點嘅感覺。
01:16
So in 1965,
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所以在1965年,
01:18
I went to what was called the worst糟糕 Bihar比哈尔邦 famine饑荒 in India印度,
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我去到印度有史以來最大的比哈爾邦飢荒,
01:22
and I saw starvation飢餓, death死亡,
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第一次親歷
01:25
people dying of hunger飢餓, for the first time.
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因飢荒而餓死的人。
01:28
It changed my life.
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就此,我的生活發生轉變,
01:31
I came back home,
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我返到屋企,
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told my mother母親,
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告知我母親:
01:35
"I'd like to live and work in a village."
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“我想去鄉下工作,在那裡生活。”
01:38
Mother母親 went into a coma昏迷.
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她震驚地昏厥過去。
01:40
(Laughter笑聲)
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[笑聲]
01:43
"What is this?
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“你係咩意思?
01:45
The whole整個 world世界 is laid奠定 out for you, the best最好 jobs工作 are laid奠定 out for you,
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你的人生安排得如此地好,可以得到最好得上流工作,
01:48
and you want to go and work in a village?
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你宜家同我講想去鄉下工作?
01:50
I mean, is there something wrong with you?"
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你係唔係有問題?“
01:52
I said, "No, I've got the best最好 eduction排出.
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我告訴她:”我無問題。我得到了最好得教育,
01:54
It made作出 me think.
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讓我開始反思。
01:56
And I wanted to give something back
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我決定要用我所學,
01:59
in my own自己 way."
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去回報社會。”
02:01
"What do you want to do in a village?
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“你想去鄉下做咩?
02:03
No job工作, no money,
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無工作,無錢,
02:05
no security安全, no prospect前景."
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無保障,無前景。“
02:07
I said, "I want to live
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我話:“我想係果度生活,
02:09
and dig wells for five years."
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挖五年的井。"
02:12
"Dig wells for five years?
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“挖五年井?
02:14
You went to the most expensive昂貴 school學校 and college大學 in India印度,
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你讀過全印度最貴族的學校,
02:17
and you want to dig wells for five years?"
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宜家你話想用五年時間去挖井?"
02:19
She didn't speak to me for a very long time,
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至此之後,她很久無同我聯絡,
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because she thought I'd let my family家庭 down.
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因為她覺得我讓家人丟架。
02:28
But then,
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不過,在村裡
02:30
I was exposed暴露 to the most extraordinary非凡 knowledge知識 and skills技能
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我見識了最超出尋常的知識和技能,
02:33
that very poor可憐 people have,
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在窮人的身上。
02:35
which are never brought into the mainstream主流 --
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而這一切從來都登不上主流,
02:38
which is never identified確定, respected尊重,
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因為從來無被他人注意,或尊重過。
02:40
applied應用 on a large scale規模.
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又或者廣泛地應用過。
02:42
And I thought I'd start初時 a Barefoot赤腳 College大學 --
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我決定創辦一所赤腳學院
02:44
college大學 only for the poor可憐.
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一所只為窮人所辦的學院。
02:46
What the poor可憐 thought was important重要
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將窮人認為重要的想法,
02:48
would be reflected反映 in the college大學.
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轉化成學院教育的宗旨。
02:52
I went to this village for the first time.
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第一次去到了嚟個農村。
02:54
Elders長者 came to me
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年邁的長者過來問我:“
02:56
and said, "Are you running運行 from the police警方?"
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你係未通緝犯?”
02:58
I said, "No."
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我話:”唔係。“
03:00
(Laughter笑聲)
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[笑聲]
03:04
"You failed in your exam考試?"
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“考試無過?”
03:06
I said, "No."
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我話:”唔係。“
03:08
"You didn't get a government政府 job工作?" I said, "No."
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你塭唔到政府工? 我話:”唔係。“
03:11
"What are you doing here?
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“咁你過來嚟度做咩?“
03:13
Why are you here?
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”點解要來嚟度?”
03:15
The education教育 system系統 in India印度
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在印度的教育制度,
03:17
makes使 you look at Paris巴黎 and New新增功能 Delhi德里 and Zurich蘇黎世;
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應該會令你嚮往去巴黎,新德里,或者蘇黎世那種地方;
03:20
what are you doing in this village?
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你來我地鄉下到底鄉做咩?
03:22
Is there something wrong with you you're not telling話畀 us?"
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你係唔係有耶瞞住我地?”
03:25
I said, "No, I want to actually講真 start初時 a college大學
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我話:“無,我只想為窮人創辦一所學院。
03:28
only for the poor可憐.
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將窮人認為重要的想法
03:30
What the poor可憐 thought was important重要 would be reflected反映 in the college大學."
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在學院中建設,實現。”
03:33
So the elders長者 gave me some very sound聲音 and profound深刻 advice建議.
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這些長者給予我許多建設性的提議。
03:37
They said, "Please,
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佢地話:“
03:39
don't bring anyone任何人 with a degree程度 and qualification資格
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唔好讓任何有學歷或證書的人
03:42
into your college大學."
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進入這所學院。”
03:44
So it's the only college大學 in India印度
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所以我地係印度唯一一間
03:47
where, if you should have a PhPh.D. or a Master's師父嘅,
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如果你有博士,或碩士學位,
03:50
you are disqualified喪失資格 to come.
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唔會收取的學院。
03:52
You have to be a cop-out退出 or a wash-out洗淨 or a dropout輟學
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你必須要是一名逃學者, 考試不及格者, 或是輟學者
03:57
to come to our college大學.
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先能就讀嚟所學院。
04:00
You have to work with your hands.
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你必須用你雙手勞作,
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You have to have a dignity尊嚴 of labor勞動.
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不可以因為勞動有羞恥心,
04:04
You have to show顯示 that you have a skill技能 that you can offer提供 to the community社區
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要向社區證明你有他們所需的技能
04:07
and provide提供 a service服務 to the community社區.
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並對社區提供服務。
04:10
So we started初時 the Barefoot赤腳 College大學,
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我地開始了赤腳學院,
04:13
and we redefined重新 professionalism專業.
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我地將職業精神重新定定義。
04:15
Who is a professional專業?
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點樣先算一名專家?
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A professional專業 is someone有人
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專家指的是那些
04:19
who has a combination組合 of competence能力,
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能力、自信心
04:21
confidence信心 and belief信仰.
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和信仰並重的人。
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A water diviner占卜師 is a professional專業.
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為水源定位的人係專家。
04:27
A traditional傳統 midwife助產士
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傳統助產婆
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is a professional專業.
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同樣係專家。
04:31
A traditional傳統 bone setterSetter is a professional專業.
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傳統餐具擺放者都酸係專家。
04:34
These are professionals專業人士 all over the world世界.
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專家遍佈世界各地,
04:36
You find them in any inaccessible冇辦法 village around the world世界.
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你可以從任何偏僻的村落揾到他們的身影。
04:40
And we thought that these people should come into the mainstream主流
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我地認為嚟嘀人應該加入主流社會,
04:43
and show顯示 that the knowledge知識 and skills技能 that they have
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來證明他們所擁有的知識和技能,
04:46
is universal普遍.
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係全球通用的。
04:48
It needs需要 to be used, needs需要 to be applied應用,
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他們應該被應用,
04:50
needs需要 to be shown顯示 to the world世界 outside外面 --
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向外界展示,
04:52
that these knowledge知識 and skills技能
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告訴世界這些知識技能
04:54
are relevant相關 even today今日.
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能在今日社會發揮作用。
04:58
So the college大學 works工程
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這所學院的文化
05:00
following以下 the lifestyle生活方式 and workstyle工作方式 of Mahatma聖雄 Gandhi甘地.
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係追隨聖雄甘地的生活和工作習慣。
05:04
You eat on the floor地板, you sleep睡眠 on the floor地板, you work on the floor地板.
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吃飯, 睡覺, 和工作都是在地上。
05:08
There are no contracts合同, no written contracts合同.
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沒有合同,從來也不需要簽合同。
05:10
You can stay with me for 20 years, go tomorrow聽日.
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你可以係度讀二十年,後者聽日就走。
05:13
And no one can get more than $100 a month.
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無人可以賺取多餘一百美金一個月。
05:16
You come for the money, you don't come to Barefoot赤腳 College大學.
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如果你想賺錢,你來錯咗地方。
05:19
You come for the work and the challenge挑戰,
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如果你愛工作並且願意接受挑戰,
05:21
you'll你咪會 come to the Barefoot赤腳 College大學.
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赤腳學院歡迎你。
05:23
That is where we want you to try crazy ideas想法.
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嚟度係一個令人嘗試瘋狂想法的地方。
05:26
Whatever無論 idea想法 you have, come and try it.
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無論係點嘅想法,都可以大膽嘗試。
05:28
It doesn't matter個問題 if you fail.
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失敗無所謂。
05:30
Battered受虐, bruised傷痕累累, you start初時 again.
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再重頭來過。
05:33
It's the only college大學 where the teacher先生 is the learner學習
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嚟度係唯一一所老師亦是學生,
05:36
and the learner學習 is the teacher先生.
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而學生亦是老師的學院。
05:39
And it's the only college大學 where we don't give a certificate.
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同時亦係唯一一所不頒發證書的學院。
05:42
You are certified認證 by the community社區 you serve服務.
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你的教育係留俾你所貢獻的社區來鑑定,
05:45
You don't need a paper to hang on the wall
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你不需要再牆上掛起一張證書
05:47
to show顯示 that you are an engineer工程師.
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來證明你係一名工程師。
05:52
So when I said that,
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當村民聽到我這番話,
05:54
they said, "Well show顯示 us what is possible可能. What are you doing?
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佢地話:“好啊,你用行動實踐你嘀計劃。
05:57
This is all mumbo-jumbo多得滯 if you can't show顯示 it on the ground地面."
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如果你都做唔成,嚟嘀全都係廢話。“
06:01
So we built建立 the first Barefoot赤腳 College大學
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所以在1986年,
06:04
in 1986.
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我地建成第一所赤腳學院。
06:07
It was built建立 by 12 Barefoot赤腳 architects建築師
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係十二位
06:09
who can't read and write,
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連字都唔識的建築師,
06:11
built建立 on $1.50 a sq平方. ft.
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以每平方英尺$1.5的成本修建了這所學院。
06:14
150 people lived there, worked工作 there.
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一百五十人在那裡工作、居住。
06:18
They got the AgaAga Khan Award for Architecture建築 in 2002.
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2002年時他們榮獲了阿迦汗建築獎。
06:21
But then they suspected懷疑, they thought there was an architect建築師 behind背後 it.
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但評委懷疑, 認為有另外的建築師參與修建.
06:24
I said, "Yes, they made作出 the blueprints藍圖,
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我告訴他們:"的確有, 他們只係畫下設計圖,
06:26
but the Barefoot赤腳 architects建築師 actually講真 constructed構建 the college大學."
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只有赤腳學院的建築師參與了修建。”
06:31
We are the only ones who actually講真 returned返回 the award for $50,000,
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我地係唯一將$50000獎金歸還的得獎者,
06:34
because they didn't believe us,
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因為他們不相信我地
06:36
and we thought that they were actually講真 casting鑄造 aspersions中傷
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而且我地認為他們的懷疑
06:40
on the Barefoot赤腳 architects建築師 of TiloniaTilonia.
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會造成對赤腳學院建築師的一種誹謗。
06:43
I asked問吓 a forester佛瑞斯特 --
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我問一位林務員
06:45
high-powered大功率, paper-qualified紙張合格 expert專家 --
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一位權威, 有證書的專家
06:48
I said, "What can you build建立 in this place地方?"
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"你可以係度修建嘀咩?"
06:51
He had one look at the soil土壤 and said, "Forget唔記得 it. No way.
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他睇了下泥土, 講:"算數吧了,唔可能。
06:53
Not even worth值得 it.
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根本唔值得。
06:55
No water, rocky岩石 soil土壤."
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無水,到處都系岩石地。”
06:57
I was in a bit of a spotD.
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我開始有些擔憂
06:59
And I said, "Okay, I'll go to the old man in village
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我話:“咁好啦,我去問下村落長老。”
07:01
and say, 'What"咩 should I grow成長 in this spotD?'"
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讓他告訴我這裡可以種些什麼。
07:04
He looked quietly悄悄地 at me and said,
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佢睇咗下我講,
07:06
"You build建立 this, you build建立 this, you put this, and it'll佢會 work."
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"你只需要建這個, 建這個, 放這個。"
07:08
This is what it looks睇黎 like today今日.
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就如你所見這樣。
07:12
Went to the roof屋頂,
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到達樓頂,
07:14
and all the women婦女 said, "Clear清楚 out.
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所有的婦女同你講,"出去.
07:16
The men男人 should clear清楚 out because we don't want to share共享 this technology技術 with the men男人.
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男人不能上來因為我地唔想同他們分享嚟門技術.
07:19
This is waterproofing防水 the roof屋頂."
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嚟個房頂係防水的。"
07:21
(Laughter笑聲)
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[笑聲]
07:23
It is a bit of jaggeryjaggery, a bit of urens
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建造屋頂的材料有棕櫚糖, 蕁麻
07:26
and a bit of other things I don't know.
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其他我就唔知啦。
07:28
But it actually講真 doesn't leak洩漏.
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但它的確防水.
07:30
Since因為 1986, it hasn't leaked洩露.
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1986到宜家都無漏過水。
07:33
This technology技術, the women婦女 will not share共享 with the men男人.
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婦女不會和男士分享嚟門技術。
07:36
(Laughter笑聲)
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[笑聲]
07:39
It's the only college大學
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這所亦係
07:41
which is fully完全 solar-electrified太陽能電氣化.
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完全使用太阳能發電的學院。
07:45
All the power權力 comes from the sun太陽.
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能源來自太陽,
07:47
45 kilowatts千瓦 of panels on the roof屋頂.
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45千瓦的太陽能板.
07:49
And everything works工程 off the sun太陽 for the next 25 years.
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今後的25年有太陽就夠了,
07:51
So long as the sun太陽 shines照耀,
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所以只要有陽光,
07:53
we'll我哋就 have no problem個問題 with power權力.
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我地就唔怕沒能源。
07:55
But the beauty is
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但其獨特之處
07:57
that is was installed安裝
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係它的修建者
08:00
by a priest牧師, a Hindu印度教 priest牧師,
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一位印度教的牧師,
08:03
who's邊個係 only done eight years of primary主要 schooling教育 --
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只有8年教育
08:06
never been to school學校, never been to college大學.
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從來冇返過去,或讀過大學。
08:09
He knows more about solar太陽
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我敢保證
08:11
than anyone任何人 I know anywhere地方 in the world世界 guaranteed.
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他在太陽能方面的所懂知識係世界第一。
08:17
Food食品, if you come to the Barefoot赤腳 College大學,
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如果你來到赤腳學院,所有嘅食物
08:19
is solar太陽 cooked.
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都係靠太陽能。
08:22
But the people who fabricated制作 that solar太陽 cooker
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而太陽能烹調器具的製造者
08:25
are women婦女,
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係女性,
08:28
illiterate文盲 women婦女,
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唔識字的女性,
08:30
who actually講真 fabricate製造
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佢地組裝咗
08:32
the most sophisticated複雜 solar太陽 cooker.
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最先進的太陽能烹調用具。
08:34
It's a parabolic拋物型 SchefflerScheffler solar太陽 cooker.
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佢係一個無需主廚嘅烹調用具。
08:40
Unfortunately不幸, they're almost爭 D half一半 German德文,
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不幸地是, 她們幾乎有一半德國血統,
08:44
they're so precise精確.
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因為她們非常精確。
08:46
(Laughter笑聲)
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[笑聲]
08:48
You'll你咪會 never find Indian印度 women婦女 so precise精確.
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你無可能揾到如此精確的印度女性.
08:52
Absolutely絕對 to the last inch英寸,
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而整個器具嘅製作過程
08:54
they can make that cooker.
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就全靠佢地。
08:56
And we have 60 meals twice兩次 a day
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我地每日兩餐飯, 一餐60份
08:58
of solar太陽 cooking烹飪.
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烹調全是靠太陽能.
09:00
We have a dentist牙醫 --
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學院有一位牙醫,
09:02
she's a grandmother祖母, illiterate文盲, who's邊個係 a dentist牙醫.
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佢係一位唔識字嘅阿婆,
09:05
She actually講真 looks睇黎 after the teeth牙齒
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但她真係牙醫,一位為7000名兒童
09:07
of 7,000 children孩子.
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服務嘅牙醫。
09:11
Barefoot赤腳 technology技術:
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赤腳科技:
09:13
this was 1986 -- no engineer工程師, no architect建築師 thought of it --
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嚟個1986 - 無工程師,無建築師唸到,
09:16
but we are collecting收集 rainwater雨水 from the roofs屋頂.
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不過我地通過屋頂收集雨水。
09:19
Very little water is wasted嘥晒.
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很少水會被浪費。
09:21
All the roofs屋頂 are connected連接 underground地下
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所有屋頂都同地面連接,
09:23
to a 400,000 liter tank坦克,
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一個有40萬升容量嘅水箱,
09:25
and no water is wasted嘥晒.
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所有水都唔會浪費。
09:27
If we have four years of drought乾旱, we still have water on the campus校園,
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即使發生四年乾旱,我地嘅學院都唔會缺水,
09:30
because we collect收集 rainwater雨水.
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因為我地儲藏了雨水。
09:32
60 percent百分比 of children孩子 don't go to school學校,
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60%嘅小朋友無機會返學,
09:35
because they have to look after animals動物 --
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因為要係屋企
09:37
sheep, goats山羊 --
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料理家禽,山羊,綿羊,
09:39
domestic國內 chores家務.
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仲有其他家頭細務。
09:41
So we thought of starting初時 a school學校
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所以我地決定為這些孩子們
09:44
at night for the children孩子.
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建立夜校。
09:46
Because the night schools學校 of TiloniaTilonia,
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因為這些當地的夜校,
09:48
over 75,000 children孩子 have gone through透過 these night schools學校.
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超過7萬5千的小孩都得到咗返學嘅機會。
09:51
Because it's for the convenience方便 of the child孩子;
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夜校嘅誕生係因為考慮到孩子們的需求,
09:53
it's not for the convenience方便 of the teacher先生.
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唔淨係老師們嘅方便。
09:55
And what do we teach in these schools學校?
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我地係學校教嘀咩?
09:57
Democracy民主, citizenship公民,
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民主, 公民權力,
09:59
how you should measure措施 your land土地,
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應該點樣去測量你嘅領土,
10:02
what you should do if you're arrested逮捕,
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被捕了應該點辦,
10:04
what you should do if your animal動物 is sick生病.
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你的家畜病了點辦。
10:08
This is what we teach in the night schools學校.
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嚟嘀係我都在夜校教嘀知識。
10:10
But all the schools學校 are solar-lit太陽能照明.
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所有的學校仲係借助太陽能。
10:13
Every five years
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每到5年,
10:15
we have an election選舉.
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我地舉行一次選舉.
10:17
Between之間 six to 14 year-old children孩子
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在年紀6至14歲的兒童
10:21
participate參與 in a democratic民主 process過程,
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都可參與嚟個民主選舉,
10:24
and they elect選舉 a prime主要 minister部長.
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佢地選出一個總理。
10:28
The prime主要 minister部長 is 12 years old.
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現任總理只有12歲,
10:32
She looks睇黎 after 20 goats山羊 in the morning早上,
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佢朝早照看20隻羊,
10:34
but she's prime主要 minister部長 in the evening晚黑.
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但晚上佢嘅職務係總理。
10:37
She has a cabinet內閣,
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佢有自己嘅內閣,
10:39
a minister部長 of education教育, a minister部長 for energy能源, a minister部長 for health健康.
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教育部部長, 能源部部長, 衛生部部長。
10:42
And they actually講真 monitor睇實 and supervise監督
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佢地負責監督和管理
10:44
150 schools學校 for 7,000 children孩子.
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150間學校的7000名學生。
10:49
She got the World's世界嘅 Children's兒童 Prize five years ago,
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五年前嚟位總理拿到了世界兒童獎,
10:51
and she went to Sweden瑞典.
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佢去咗瑞典領獎。
10:53
First time ever going out of her village.
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第一次離開佢所在嘅村,
10:55
Never seen看到 Sweden瑞典.
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從未見過瑞典,
10:58
Wasn't唔係 dazzled眼花繚亂 at all by what was happening發生.
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對當時嘅場面也一點唔驚訝。
11:00
And the Queen女王 of Sweden瑞典, who's邊個係 there,
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瑞典皇后當時都系度,
11:02
turned打開 to me and said, "Can you ask問吓 this child孩子 where she got her confidence信心 from?
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她問我:”你可唔可以問下嚟個小朋友,她從邊度來嘅自信?
11:05
She's only 12 years old,
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佢先12歲,
11:07
and she's not dazzled眼花繚亂 by anything."
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但完全唔驚羨。”
11:10
And the girl女孩, who's邊個係 on her left,
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而嚟個企係她左邊的小女孩,
11:13
turned打開 to me and looked at the queen女王 straight in the eye眼睛
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轉向我, 直視皇后,
11:16
and said, "Please tell her I'm the prime主要 minister部長."
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佢講:“告訴她,我係總理。”
11:19
(Laughter笑聲)
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[笑聲]
11:21
(Applause掌聲)
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[掌聲]
11:29
Where the percentage百分比 of illiteracy文盲 is very high,
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係文盲率太高的地方
11:33
we use puppetry木偶.
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我地用木偶戲。
11:36
Puppets木偶 is the way we communicate溝通.
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木偶戲就成為我地溝通的方式。
11:45
You have JokhimJokhim ChachaChacha
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嚟個300歲的木偶
11:48
who is 300 years old.
256
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佢叫喬金查查.。
11:52
He is my psychoanalyst心理醫生. He is my teacher先生.
257
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佢係我嘅心理分析師. 我嘅導師。
11:55
He's my doctor醫生. He's my lawyer律師.
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我嘅醫生,我嘅律師。
11:57
He's my donor.
259
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我嘅捐贈者。
11:59
He actually講真 raises提高 money,
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佢為我籌款,
12:01
solves解決 my disputes糾紛.
261
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解決爭執,
12:04
He solves解決 my problems個問題 in the village.
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仲幫助村落解決問題。
12:07
If there's tension張力 in the village,
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如果係村落度發生一些矛盾,
12:09
if attendance攷懃 at the schools學校 goes down
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如果返學嘅人數少咗,
12:11
and there's a friction摩擦 between之間 the teacher先生 and the parent父母,
265
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如果老師同家長方面發生矛盾,
12:13
the puppet木偶 calls調用 the teacher先生 and the parent父母 in front前面 of the whole整個 village
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木偶會親老師同家長
12:16
and says, "Shake動搖 hands.
267
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係全村人面前,“握手言和,
12:18
The attendance攷懃 must必須 not drop下降."
268
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逃課人數唔可以增加。”
12:22
These puppets木偶
269
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嚟嘀木偶
12:24
are made作出 out of recycled再生 World世界 Bank銀行 reports報告.
270
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係用回收返來嘅世界銀行報告紙造成。
12:26
(Laughter笑聲)
271
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2000
[笑聲]
12:28
(Applause掌聲)
272
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7000
[掌聲]
12:35
So this decentralized分散, demystified神秘感 approach方法
273
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嚟個分散的, 簡便的
12:39
of solar-electrifying太陽能電氣化 villages村莊,
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借助太陽能為村裡提供電力的方法,
12:41
we've我哋都 covered覆蓋 all over India印度
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已經在全印度傳開
12:43
from Ladakh拉达克 up to Bhutan不丹 --
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從拉達克到不丹
12:48
all solar-electrified太陽能電氣化 villages村莊
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所有使用太陽能電力嘅鄉村
12:50
by people who have been trained訓練.
278
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係由受過培訓嘅人修建。
12:54
And we went to Ladakh拉达克,
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2000
我去咗拉達克,
12:56
and we asked問吓 this woman女人 --
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問咗一位當地婦女
12:58
this, at minus減去 40, you have to come out of the roof屋頂,
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在嚟度,零下40度,你只能走上屋頂
13:01
because there's no place地方, it was all snowed落雪 up on both sides雙方 --
282
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3000
因為無地方, 兩邊都被雪給覆蓋曬。
13:04
and we asked問吓 this woman女人,
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當我地問佢:
13:06
"What was the benefit效益 you had
284
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2000
“用太陽能發電
13:08
from solar太陽 electricity電力?"
285
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對你有咩好處?"
13:10
And she thought for a minute分鐘 and said,
286
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佢唸咗一下答到:
13:12
"It's the first time I can see my husband's老公嘅 face塊面 in winter冬天."
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”嚟個係我第一次係冬天睇到我老公嘅樣。“
13:16
(Laughter笑聲)
288
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[笑聲]
13:19
Went to Afghanistan阿富汗.
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來到阿富汗,
13:21
One lesson we learned in India印度
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我地從印度明白咗一件事
13:26
was men男人 are untrainableuntrainable.
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男人係教唔識嘅.
13:30
(Laughter笑聲)
292
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4000
[笑聲]
13:34
Men男人 are restless不安,
293
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2000
佢地唔願意停頓,
13:36
men男人 are ambitious雄心勃勃,
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雄心勃勃,
13:38
men男人 are compulsively強制 mobile移動,
295
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3000
易衝動,
13:41
and they all want a certificate.
296
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而且都想要證明.
13:43
(Laughter笑聲)
297
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[笑聲]
13:45
All across the globe全球, you have this tendency趨勢
298
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世界各地, 你會發覺
13:48
of men男人 wanting希望 a certificate.
299
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2000
所有人的男性都想要一張證書。
13:50
Why? Because they want to leave離開 the village
300
815000
3000
點解? 因為佢地想離開村莊,
13:53
and go to a city城市, looking for a job工作.
301
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3000
到城市揾工。
13:56
So we came up with a great solution解決方案:
302
821000
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我地唸到一個好辦法:
13:59
train火車 grandmothers祖母.
303
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2000
訓練阿婆。
14:03
What's the best最好 way of communicating溝通
304
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2000
如今世上,
14:05
in the world世界 today今日?
305
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2000
最好嘅溝通方式係咩?
14:07
Television電視? No.
306
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2000
電視?唔係。
14:09
Telegraph電報? No.
307
834000
2000
電信? 唔係。
14:11
Telephone電話? No.
308
836000
2000
電話? 唔係。
14:13
Tell a woman女人.
309
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2000
同女性傾訴。
14:15
(Laughter笑聲)
310
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[笑聲]
14:18
(Applause掌聲)
311
843000
4000
[掌聲]
14:22
So we went to Afghanistan阿富汗 for the first time,
312
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2000
我地第一次來到阿富汗,
14:24
and we picked three women婦女
313
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2000
選咗三位女性。
14:26
and said, "We want to take them to India印度."
314
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2000
“我地想帶佢地去印度。”
14:28
They said, "Impossible冇可能. They don't even go out of their佢哋 rooms間房,
315
853000
2000
“唔可能。佢地連自己間房都出唔到去,
14:30
and you want to take them to India印度."
316
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2000
點會同你去印度。”
14:32
I said, "I'll make a concession讓步. I'll take the husbands老公 along沿 as well."
317
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2000
我話:“我地可以做一次妥協。帶佢地老公一起來。”
14:34
So I took the husbands老公 along沿.
318
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2000
結果佢地老公跟埋來。
14:36
Of course課程, the women婦女 were much more intelligent智能 than the men男人.
319
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當然, 嚟嘀女性比男性更有智慧。
14:39
In six months,
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係6個月內,
14:41
how do we train火車 these women婦女?
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我地係點樣改變嚟嘀女性?
14:44
Sign標誌 language語言.
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手語。
14:46
You don't choose選擇 the written word.
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唔用寫
14:49
You don't choose選擇 the spoken發言 word.
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唔用講
14:51
You use sign標誌 language語言.
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只用比。
14:54
And in six months
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就係6個月內,
14:56
they can become成為 solar太陽 engineers工程師.
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佢地就成為了太陽能工程師。
15:00
They go back and solar-electrify太陽能電氣化 their佢哋 own自己 village.
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回到村裡利用太陽能發電。
15:03
This woman女人 went back
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嚟嘀女性返到屋企後,
15:05
and solar-electrified太陽能電氣化 the first village,
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佢地用太陽能為第一所村莊提供電力,
15:08
set設置 up a workshop車間 --
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開辦聯繫班
15:10
the first village ever to be solar-electrified太陽能電氣化 in Afghanistan阿富汗
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阿富汗第一個利用太陽能發電村落
15:13
[was] by the three women婦女.
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就搞三位女性親手建立。
15:16
This woman女人
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嚟位女性,
15:18
is an extraordinary非凡 grandmother祖母.
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係一個非比尋常嘅婆婆。
15:20
55 years old, and she's solar-electrified太陽能電氣化 200 houses房子 for me in Afghanistan阿富汗.
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55歲了, 已為阿富汗的200座房屋提供了太陽能供電。
15:25
And they haven't collapsed倒塌.
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而且無一座倒塌。
15:28
She actually講真 went and spoke講嘢 to an engineering工程 department部門 in Afghanistan阿富汗
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嚟位阿婆去咗阿富汗工程部演講,
15:31
and told the head of the department部門
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並告訴系主任
15:33
the difference差異 between之間 AC交流 and DC直流.
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交流電和直流電的區別。
15:35
He didn't know.
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果位部長對此並不瞭解。
15:37
Those three women婦女 have trained訓練 27 more women婦女
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果三位女性又再培訓咗另外的27位女性,
15:40
and solar-electrified太陽能電氣化 100 villages村莊 in Afghanistan阿富汗.
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而且為阿富汗廣泛提供了太陽能發電。
15:43
We went to Africa非洲,
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我地去咗非洲,
15:46
and we did the same相同 thing.
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做了同樣的事。
15:48
All these women婦女 sitting at one table from eight, nine countries國家,
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嚟嘀女性來自唔同嘅國家坐埋一起,
15:51
all chatting聊天 to each每個 other, not understanding理解 a word,
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互相交談,但都講唔同嘅語言。
15:54
because they're all speaking a different不同 language語言.
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因為聽唔明對方,
15:56
But their佢哋 body身體 language語言 is great.
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但佢地嘀肢體語言犀利。
15:58
They're speaking to each每個 other
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佢地可以互相交談,
16:00
and actually講真 becoming成為 solar太陽 engineers工程師.
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對話嘅過程中已逐漸成為太陽能工程師。
16:02
I went to Sierra塞拉 Leone塞拉利昂,
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我地去咗獅子山共和國,
16:05
and there was this minister部長 driving down in the dead of night --
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坐係首相嘅車上
16:08
comes across this village.
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夜晚穿過了嚟個鄉村,
16:10
Comes back, goes into the village, says, "Well what's the story故事?"
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返到村莊後, 問 "嚟度發生咗咩事?"
16:13
They said, "These two grandmothers祖母 ... "
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佢地話:“就係嚟兩位阿婆...”
16:15
"Grandmothers祖母?" The minister部長 couldn't唔可以 believe what was happening發生.
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“阿婆?”首相難以置信。
16:18
"Where did they go?" "Went to India印度 and back."
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佢地去咗過邊度去咗印度之後返來。”
16:21
Went straight to the president總統.
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首相揾到總統,
16:23
He said, "Do you know there's a solar-electrified太陽能電氣化 village in Sierra塞拉 Leone塞拉利昂?"
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問:“你知唔知我地國家有一個靠太陽能發電嘅村落?”
16:25
He said, "No." Half一半 the cabinet內閣 went to see the grandmothers祖母 the next day.
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總統話:“唔知道。” 內閣一半的成員第二天都去拜訪咗嚟嘀阿婆。
16:28
"What's the story故事."
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“點樣做到嘎?"
16:30
So he summoned傳喚 me and said, "Can you train火車 me 150 grandmothers祖母?"
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總統傳喚咗我, ”可唔可以幫我培訓150位阿婆?"
16:34
I said, "I can't, Mr先生. President總統.
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我話:“總統大人,我唔得。
16:36
But they will. The grandmothers祖母 will."
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不過嚟嘀阿婆可以做到。”
16:38
So he built建立 me the first Barefoot赤腳 training培訓 center中心 in Sierra塞拉 Leone塞拉利昂.
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總統為我地在獅子山共和國修建了第一所赤腳培訓中心。
16:41
And 150 grandmothers祖母 have been trained訓練 in Sierra塞拉 Leone塞拉利昂.
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之後有150位阿婆係嚟度受訓。
16:45
Gambia岡比亞:
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係甘比亞:
16:47
we went to select選擇 a grandmother祖母 in Gambia岡比亞.
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我地選擇了一位阿婆,
16:50
Went to this village.
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去咗佢所在嘅村落。
16:52
I knew which woman女人 I would like to take.
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我知道邊嘀女性應該帶走。
16:54
The community社區 got together一起 and said, "Take these two women婦女."
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整個村落嘀人都推薦:“佢地兩位適合。”
16:57
I said, "No, I want to take this woman女人."
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我話:“不過,我想帶嚟位女士。”
16:59
They said, "Why? She doesn't know the language語言. You don't know her."
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佢地問:“點解?”你同佢無法溝通。你又唔識佢。“
17:01
I said, "I like the body身體 language語言. I like the way she speaks."
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我回答:“我中意用比嘅, 同埋中意佢講耶嘅方式。”
17:04
"Difficult困難 husband老公; not possible可能."
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佢老公比較麻煩。
17:06
Called the husband老公, the husband老公 came,
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叫佢老公出來,
17:08
swaggering大搖大擺, politician政治家, mobile移動 in his hand. "Not possible可能."
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大搖大擺, 十足政客, 一邊拿住手機。
17:11
"Why not?" "The woman女人, look how beautiful she is."
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“問點解? 睇下我老婆幾靓。”
17:14
I said, "Yeah, she is very beautiful."
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我話:“係, 佢係好靓。”
17:16
"What happens發生 if she runs運行 off with an Indian印度 man?"
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佢老公講:“如果佢同個印度男人私奔,你話點算?”
17:18
That was his biggest最大 fear恐懼.
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嚟個就係佢最大顧慮。
17:20
I said, "She'll佢會 be happy快樂. She'll佢會 ring you up on the mobile移動."
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我話:“佢會開心,每日同你電聯。”
17:23
She went like a grandmother祖母
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佢離開之前係一位阿婆,
17:26
and came back like a tiger老虎.
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返到來之後生龍活虎。
17:28
She walked out of the plane飛機
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落咗飛機,
17:30
and spoke講嘢 to the whole整個 press as if she was a veteran老兵.
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像位老兵一樣接受當地記者們嘅訪問。
17:33
She handled處理 the national國家 press,
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佢成功應對了整個媒體。
17:36
and she was a star明星.
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成為一位明星。
17:38
And when I went back six months later之後, I said, "Where's邊係 your husband老公?"
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我6個月後返到了佢條村, "你老公唔係到咩?"
17:41
"Oh, somewhere地方. It doesn't matter個問題."
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佢話:“應該係度。我都懶得理佢。”
17:43
(Laughter笑聲)
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[笑聲]
17:45
Success成功 story故事.
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典型成功案例。
17:47
(Laughter笑聲)
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[笑聲]
17:49
(Applause掌聲)
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[掌聲]
17:52
I'll just wind up by saying
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最後,我想講
17:58
that I think you don't have to look for solutions解決方案 outside外面.
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你唔使到外邊揾解決方法。
18:02
Look for solutions解決方案 within.
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係內部揾揾試下。
18:04
And listen to people. They have the solutions解決方案 in front前面 of you.
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聽下有解決方法的人嘅話。
18:07
They're all over the world世界.
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佢地係世界各地都揾得到。
18:09
Don't even worry.
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唔使煩惱。
18:11
Don't listen to the World世界 Bank銀行, listen to the people on the ground地面.
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唔好相信世界銀行,相信果嘀普通人。
18:14
They have all the solutions解決方案 in the world世界.
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佢地知道點樣解決任何問題。
18:17
I'll end結束 with a quotation報價 by Mahatma聖雄 Gandhi甘地.
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最後我套用聖雄甘地嘅一句話。
18:20
"First they ignore忽略 you,
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“佢地先係忽視你,
18:22
then they laugh at you,
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然後嘲笑你,
18:24
then they fight戰鬥 you,
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然後同你爭,
18:26
and then you win贏得."
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最後,你就係贏家。”
18:28
Thank you.
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[多謝大家]
18:30
(Applause掌聲)
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[掌聲]
Translated by Tracy Hong
Reviewed by Michelle Ho

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Bunker Roy - Educator
Sanjit “Bunker” Roy is the founder of Barefoot College, which helps rural communities becomes self-sufficient.

Why you should listen

Development projects the world over run into one crucial point: For a project to live on, it needs to be organic, owned and sustained by those it serves. In 1972,  Sanjit “Bunker” Roy founded the Barefoot College, in the village of Tilonia in Rajasthan, India, with just this mission: to provide basic services and solutions in rural communities with the objective of making them self-sufficient. These “barefoot solutions” can be broadly categorized into solar energy, water, education, health care, rural handicrafts, people’s action, communication, women’s empowerment and wasteland development. The Barefoot College education program, for instance, teaches literacy and also skills, encouraging learning-by-doing. (Literacy is only part of it.)  Bunker’s organization has also successfully trained grandmothers from Africa and the Himalayan region to be solar engineers so they can bring electricity to their remote villages.

As he says, Barefoot College is "a place of learning and unlearning: where the teacher is the learner and the learner is the teacher."

More profile about the speaker
Bunker Roy | Speaker | TED.com