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Alexander Tsiaras: Conception to birth -- visualized
Alexander Tsiaras: Dende a concepción ata o nacemento: visualización.
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O creador de imaxes Alexander Tsiaras comparte unha magnífica visualización médica, onde mostra o desenvolvemento humano dende a concepción ata o nacemento e mais alá. (Contén algunhas imaxes bastante gráficas.)
Alexander Tsiaras - Medical image maker
Using art and technology, Alexander Tsiaras visualizes the unseen human body. Full bio
Using art and technology, Alexander Tsiaras visualizes the unseen human body. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
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I was offered a position as associate professor of medicine
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Ofrecéronme un posto de profesor asociado de medicina
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and chief of scientific visualization
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e xefe de visualización científica
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at Yale University
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no departamento de medicina
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in the department of medicine.
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da Universidade de Yale.
00:25
And my job was to write many of the algorithms and code
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O meu traballo consistía en escribir algoritmos e código
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for NASA to do virtual surgery
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para que a NASA realizase cirurxía virtual
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in preparation for the astronauts going into deep spaceflight,
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para preparar os astronautas para se adentraren no espazo profundo,
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so they could be kept in robotic pods.
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para que puidesen ser conservados en vaíñas robóticas.
00:35
One of the fascinating things about what we were actually working on
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Unha das cousas máis fascinante de traballar niso foi que
00:37
is that we were seeing, using new kinds of scanning technologies,
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ao usarmos nova tecnoloxía de imaxe, conseguiamos ver
00:40
things that had just never been seen before --
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cousas que nunca se viran antes.
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I mean, not only in disease management,
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Refírome non só ao tratamento de enfermidades
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but also things that allowed us to see things about the body
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senón outras cousas que puidemos ver sobre o corpo
00:48
that just made you marvel.
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que vos abraiarían.
00:51
I remember one of the first times we were looking at collagen.
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Lembro unha das primeiras veces que vimos o coláxeno.
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And your entire body, everything --
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Todo o corpo, todo:
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your hair, skin, bone, nails --
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cabelos, pel, ósos, unllas...
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everything is made of collagen.
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todo está feito de coláxeno.
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And it's a kind of rope-like structure
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É coma unha estrutura con forma de corda
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that twirls and swirls like this.
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que xira e enguedella desta xeito.
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And the only place that collagen changes its structure
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O único lugar onde o coláxeno cambia de estrutura
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is in the cornea of your eye.
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é na córnea do ollo.
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In your eye,
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No ollo,
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it becomes a grid formation,
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é mais coma unha reixa,
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and therefore, it becomes transparent, as opposed to opaque.
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de forma que se volve transparente, e non opaco.
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So perfectly organized a structure,
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Cunha estrutura tan perfecta,
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it was hard not to attribute divinity to it.
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era difícil non atribuirlle orixe divina.
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Because we kept on seeing this over and over and over again
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Porque seguíamola a ver unha e outra vez en
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in different parts of the body.
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distintas partes do corpo.
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One of the opportunities I had
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Tiven a oportunidade de unirme a
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was one person was working on a really interesting
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unha persoa que traballaba cunha máquina de
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micromagnetic resonance imaging machine with the NIH.
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resonancias micromagnéticas no Instituto Nacional de Saúde.
01:35
And what we were going to do
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Comezamos un proxecto
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was scan a new project
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de escaneado do desenvolvemento
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on the development of the fetus from conception to birth
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do feto dende a concepción ata o nacemento
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using these kinds of new technologies.
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usando estas novas tecnoloxías.
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So I wrote the algorithms in code,
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Así que escribin o código de algoritmos,
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and he built the hardware -- Paul Lauterbur --
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el construiu o aparello, Paul Lauterbur,
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then went onto win the Nobel Prize for inventing the MRI.
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logo gañou o premio Nobel polo invento da Imaxe por Resonancia Magnética.
01:51
I got the data.
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Conseguín os datos.
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And I'm going to show you a sample of the piece,
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E vouvos mostrar un cachiño dese traballo:
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"From Conception to Birth."
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"Dende a concepción ata o nacemento."
01:57
(Music)
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(música)
02:03
Video text: "From Conception to Birth"
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Texto do vídeo: "Dende a concepción ata o nacemento."
02:09
Oocyte
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Oocito
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Sperm
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Esperma
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Egg Inseminated
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Óvulo inseminado
02:27
24 Hours: Baby's first division
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24 horas: primeira división do bebé
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The fertilized ovum divides a few hours after fusion ...
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O óvulo fertilizado divídese unhas horas despois da fusión...
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And divides anew every 12 to 15 hours.
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e faino de novo cada 12-15 horas.
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Early Embryo
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Embrión temperán
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Yolk sack still feeding Baby.
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O saquiño vitelino alimenta o bebé
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25 Days: Heart chamber developing
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Día 25, desenvolvemento da cámara cardíaca
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32 Days: Arms & hands are developing
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Día 32, desenvolvemento de brazos e mans
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36 Days: Beginning of the primitive vertabrae
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Día 36, aparecen as vértebras primarias
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These weeks are the period of the most rapid development of the fetus.
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Durante estas semanas sucede o periodo de desenvolvemento mais rápido do feto.
03:24
If the fetus continues to grow at this speed for the entire nine months,
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Se o feto continua crecendo a esta velocidade durante os 9 meses,
03:27
it would be 1.5 tons at birth.
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pesaría 1,5 tonelada ao nacer.
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45 Days
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Día 45,
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Embryo's heart is beating twice as fast as the mother's.
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o corazón do embrión latexa o dobre de rápido do da nai.
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51 Days
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Día 51-52,
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52 Days: Developing retina, nose and fingers
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desenvolvemento da retina, do nariz e dos dedos.
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The fetus' continual movement in the womb
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O movemento continuo do feto no útero
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is necessary for muscular and skeletal growth.
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permite o desenvolvemento muscular e esquelético.
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12 Weeks: Indifferent penis --
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Semana 12, xenitais non definidos,
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girl or boy yet to be determined
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non se pode determinar o sexo aínda.
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8 Months
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8º mes
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Delivery: the expulsion stage
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Parto: etapa da expulsión.
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The moment of birth
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Momento do nacemento.
05:52
(Applause)
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(Aplausos)
05:56
Alexander Tsiaras: Thank you.
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Alexander: Grazas.
05:58
But as you can see,
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Como podedes ver,
06:00
when you actually start working on this data,
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cando se empeza a traballar con estes datos,
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it's pretty spectacular.
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resultan espectaculares.
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And as we kept on scanning more and more,
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Seguimos a escanear máis e máis,
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working on this project,
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traballando no proxecto,
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looking at these two simple cells
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con estas dúas células tan simples
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that have this kind of unbelievable machinery
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que teñen ese mecanismo tan incrible
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that will become the magic of you.
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que as convertirá na maxia de nós.
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And as we kept on working on this data,
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Seguimos a traballar con estes datos,
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looking at small clusters of the body,
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observando pequenas zonas do corpo,
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these little pieces of tissue
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estes pequenos tecidos,
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that were a trophoblast coming off of a blastocyst,
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un trofoblasto dun blastocisto,
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all of a sudden burrowing itself into the side of the uterus,
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que escarva e se prende na parede do útero,
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saying, "I'm here to stay."
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coma dicindo, "quédome aquí."
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All of a sudden having conversation and communications
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De repente parece que fala e se comunica
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with the estrogens, the progesterones,
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cos estróxenos e a proxesterona,
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saying, "I'm here to stay, plant me,"
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dicíndolles, "estou aquí, plantádeme,",
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building this incredible trilinear fetus
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construindo eses fetos incríbles
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that becomes, within 44 days,
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que, en 44 días, son xa
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something that you can recognize,
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estruturas recoñecibles.
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and then at nine weeks
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E en nove semanas
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is really kind of a little human being.
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xa case parecen un ser humano.
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The marvel of this information:
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Unha marabilla desta información:
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How do we actually have this biological mechanism
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cómo temos este mecanismo biolóxico
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inside our body
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dentro do corpo
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to actually see this information?
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para ver esta información?
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I'm going to show you something pretty unique.
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Ensinareivos algo realmente excepcional.
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Here's a human heart at 25 [weeks].
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Isto é un corazón humano ás 25 semanas.
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It's just basically two strands.
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Non é mais ca dous fíos.
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And like this magnificent origami,
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E coma un origami fantástico,
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cells are developing
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as células reprodúcense
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at one million cells per second at four weeks,
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durante 4 semanas, a un millón de células por segundo,
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as it's just folding on itself.
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mentras se prega sobre si mesmo.
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Within five weeks, you can start to see the early atrium and the early ventricles.
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En cinco semanas, pódense albiscar as aurículas e ventrículos primarios.
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Six weeks, these folds are now beginning
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En seis, os pregos empezan a formar
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with the papilla on the inside of the heart
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as papilas dentro do corazón
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actually being able to pull down
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que permiten pechar
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each one of those valves in your heart
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cada unha das súas válvulas
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until you get a mature heart --
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ata conseguir un corazón maduro...
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and then basically the development of the entire human body.
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E despois o desenvolvemento do resto do corpo humano.
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The magic of the mechanisms
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Hai mecanismos case máxicos
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inside each genetic structure
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dentro de cada estrutura xenética
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saying exactly where that nerve cell should go --
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que din exactamente onde debe ir cada neurona...
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the complexity of these mathematical models
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Teñen uns modelos matemáticos moi complexos
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of how these things are indeed done
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de como se fai todo exactamente,
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are beyond human comprehension.
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que van mais alá da comprensión humana.
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Even though I am a mathematician,
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Aínda que eu son matemático,
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I look at this with marvel
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observo todo isto marabillado.
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of how do these instruction sets
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de como é que todas estas instrucións
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not make these mistakes
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non comenten erros
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as they build what is us?
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mentres nos constrúen?
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It's a mystery, it's magic, it's divinity.
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É un misterio, é maxia, é divino.
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Then you start to take a look at adult life.
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Logo comezas a observar a vida adulta.
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Take a look at this little tuft of capillaries.
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Observade esta pequena mata de capilares.
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It's just a tiny sub-substructure, microscopic.
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É unha subestrutura microscópica, minúscula.
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But basically by the time you're nine months and you're given birth,
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Pero para cando nacemos, aos nove meses,
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you have almost 60,000 miles of vessels
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temos case 100.000 km de vasos sanguíneos
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inside your body.
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dentro do corpo.
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I mean, and only one mile is visible.
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E só 1 ou 2 km deles son visibles
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59,999 miles
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uns 100 km
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that are basically bringing nutrients and taking waste away.
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que aportan nutrintes e se desfán dos refugallos.
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The complexity of building that within a single system
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A complexidade de construír iso dentro dun só sistema
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is, again, beyond any comprehension
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é, de novo, superior ao noso entendemento
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or any existing mathematics today.
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ou a calquera fórmula que teñamos hoxe.
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And that instruction set,
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E esas instrucións
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from the brain to every other part of the body --
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saen do cerebro e van cara ao resto do corpo.
08:28
look at the complexity of the folding.
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Mirade qué plegamentos tan complexos.
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Where does this intelligence
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De onde sae o coñecemento
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of knowing that a fold can actually hold more information,
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para saber que un plegamento pode conter máis información...
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so as you actually watch the baby's brain grow --
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Podemos ver como crece o cerebro dun bebé,
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and this is one of the things that we're doing right now.
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é algo que estamos a facer agora.
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We're actually doing the launch of two new studies
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Vamos comezar dous novos estudos
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of actually scanning babies' brains from the moment they're born.
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onde escanearemos o cerebro dos bebés no momento que nacen,
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Every six months until they're six years old --
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e cada seis meses ata os seis anos.
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we're going to be doing actually to about 250 children --
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Vamos traballar cuns 250 nenos,
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watching exactly how the gyri and the sulci of the brains fold
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observando cómo se pregan as circunvolucións e os sucos
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to see how this magnificent development
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do cerebro, para ver como o desenvolvemento
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actually turns into memories and the marvel that is us.
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se convirte en recordos e a marabilla somos nós.
08:57
And it's not just our own existence,
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Pero non é só a nosa propia existencia.
08:59
but how does the woman's body understand
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Cómo aprende o corpo dunha muller
09:01
to have genetic structure that not only builds her own,
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a ter a estrutura xenética para non só formarse a si mesma
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but then has the understanding
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senón que tamén ten o entendemento
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that allows her to become
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para se converter
09:08
a walking immunological, cardiovascular system
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nun sistema inmunolóxico e cardiovascular andante,
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that basically is a mobile system
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un sistema móbil
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that can actually nurture, treat this child with a kind of marvel
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que pode nutrir e coidar o bebé; unha marabilla,
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that is beyond, again, our comprehension --
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de novo, mais alá da nosa comprensión
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the magic that is existence, that is us?
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A maxia da existencia que somos nós.
09:23
Thank you.
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Grazas.
09:25
(Applause)
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(Aplausos)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Alexander Tsiaras - Medical image makerUsing art and technology, Alexander Tsiaras visualizes the unseen human body.
Why you should listen
Alexander Tsiaras is an artist and technologist whose work explores the unseen human body, developing scientific visualization software to enable him to "paint" the human anatomy using volume data. He's the author of Body Voyage and co-author of Information Architects. Most recently, he is the author of From Conception to Birth: A Life Unfolds and The Architecture and Design of Man and Woman: The Marvel of the Human Body, Revealed.
His latest project is The Visual MD, an online compendium of health visualizations.
Alexander Tsiaras | Speaker | TED.com