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Alexander Tsiaras: Conception to birth -- visualized
Alexander Tsiaras: Od začeća do rođenja -- vizualizacija
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Stvaralac prikaza Alexander Tsiaras dijeli moćnu medicinsku vizualizaciju, pokazujući ljudski razvoj od začeća do rođenja i dalje. (Neki prikazi su jako slikoviti.)
Alexander Tsiaras - Medical image maker
Using art and technology, Alexander Tsiaras visualizes the unseen human body. Full bio
Using art and technology, Alexander Tsiaras visualizes the unseen human body. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
I was offered a position as associate professor of medicine
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Ponuđeno mi je mjesto izvanrednog profesora medicine
00:18
and chief of scientific visualization
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i pročelnika znanstvenih vizualizacija
00:21
at Yale University
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na Yale sveučilištu
00:23
in the department of medicine.
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na odjelu medicine.
00:25
And my job was to write many of the algorithms and code
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Moj posao je bio napisati mnoge algoritme i kodove
00:28
for NASA to do virtual surgery
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da bi NASA mogla izvoditi virtualne operacije
00:30
in preparation for the astronauts going into deep spaceflight,
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u pripremi astronauta za letove u daleki svemir,
00:33
so they could be kept in robotic pods.
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tako da bi ih se moglo čuvati u robotskim kapsulama.
00:35
One of the fascinating things about what we were actually working on
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Jedna od fascinantnih stvari na kojima smo radili je
00:37
is that we were seeing, using new kinds of scanning technologies,
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da smo vidjeli, koristeći nove vrste tehnologija skeniranja,
00:40
things that had just never been seen before --
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stvari koje se nikad prije nisu vidjele --
00:42
I mean, not only in disease management,
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mislim, ne samo u upravljanju bolestima,
00:44
but also things that allowed us to see things about the body
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nego i stvari koje su nam omogućile da vidimo stvari izvan tijela
00:48
that just made you marvel.
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koje vas jednostavno zadive.
00:51
I remember one of the first times we were looking at collagen.
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Sjećam se kad smo jedan od prvih puta gledali kolagen.
00:54
And your entire body, everything --
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Vaše cijelo tijelo, sve --
00:56
your hair, skin, bone, nails --
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vaša kosa, koža, kosti, nokti --
00:58
everything is made of collagen.
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sve je napravljeno od kolagena.
01:00
And it's a kind of rope-like structure
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Njegova struktura nalikuje užetu
01:02
that twirls and swirls like this.
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koje se ovako uvija i kovitla.
01:04
And the only place that collagen changes its structure
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Jedino mjesto na kojem kolagen mijenja svoju strukturu
01:08
is in the cornea of your eye.
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je u rožnici oka.
01:10
In your eye,
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U oku,
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it becomes a grid formation,
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postaje mrežasta formacija,
01:14
and therefore, it becomes transparent, as opposed to opaque.
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i zbog toga postaje proziran, kao suprotnost mutnom.
01:17
So perfectly organized a structure,
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Tako savršeno organizirana struktura,
01:20
it was hard not to attribute divinity to it.
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bilo je teško ne pridodati joj božanska svojstva.
01:22
Because we kept on seeing this over and over and over again
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Jer stalno smo to viđali, iznova i iznova
01:25
in different parts of the body.
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u različitim dijelovima tijela.
01:27
One of the opportunities I had
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Jedna od mogućnosti koje sam imao
01:30
was one person was working on a really interesting
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je bila osoba koja je radila sa NIH
01:32
micromagnetic resonance imaging machine with the NIH.
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na stvarno zanimljivoj opremi za snimanje mikromagnetske rezonance.
01:35
And what we were going to do
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I ono što smo htjeli napraviti
01:37
was scan a new project
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je bilo skenirati novi projekt
01:39
on the development of the fetus from conception to birth
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na razvoju fetusa od začeća do rođenja
01:41
using these kinds of new technologies.
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koristeći ove vrste novih tehnologija.
01:43
So I wrote the algorithms in code,
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Tako sam pisao kodove algoritama,
01:45
and he built the hardware -- Paul Lauterbur --
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a on je izgradio hardver -- Paul Lauterbur --
01:48
then went onto win the Nobel Prize for inventing the MRI.
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i tako osvojio Nobelovu nagradu za izum MRI-ja.
01:51
I got the data.
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Dobio sam podatke.
01:53
And I'm going to show you a sample of the piece,
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Pokazat ću vam uzorak djela,
01:55
"From Conception to Birth."
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"Od začeća do rođenja".
01:57
(Music)
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(Glazba)
02:03
Video text: "From Conception to Birth"
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"Od začeća do rođenja"
02:09
Oocyte
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Oocit
02:14
Sperm
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Spermiji
02:20
Egg Inseminated
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Oplođivanje jajašca
02:27
24 Hours: Baby's first division
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24 sata: prva dioba djeteta
02:33
The fertilized ovum divides a few hours after fusion ...
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Oplođeno jajašce se dijeli nekoliko sati nakon fuzije ...
02:38
And divides anew every 12 to 15 hours.
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I dijeli se iznova svakih 12 do 15 sati.
02:41
Early Embryo
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Rani embrij
02:44
Yolk sack still feeding Baby.
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Posteljica još uvijek hrani dijete.
02:48
25 Days: Heart chamber developing
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25 dana: razvija se srčana komora
02:56
32 Days: Arms & hands are developing
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32 dana: razvijaju se ruke i šake
03:05
36 Days: Beginning of the primitive vertabrae
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36 dana: početak primitivnih kralježaka
03:11
These weeks are the period of the most rapid development of the fetus.
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Ovi tjedni su period najbržeg razvoja fetusa.
03:24
If the fetus continues to grow at this speed for the entire nine months,
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Ako bi fetus nastavio rasti ovom brzinom svih devet mjeseci,
03:27
it would be 1.5 tons at birth.
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težio bi 1,5 tonu pri rođenju.
03:31
45 Days
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45 dana
03:39
Embryo's heart is beating twice as fast as the mother's.
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Srce embrija kuca dvaput brže od majčinog.
03:46
51 Days
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51 dan
03:49
52 Days: Developing retina, nose and fingers
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52 dana: Razvijaju se mrežnica, nos i prsti
04:03
The fetus' continual movement in the womb
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Stalni pokreti fetusa u maternici
04:08
is necessary for muscular and skeletal growth.
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su potrebni za rast mišića i kostiju.
04:25
12 Weeks: Indifferent penis --
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12 tjedana: Nediferencirani penis --
04:27
girl or boy yet to be determined
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još nije odlučeno je li djevojčica ili dječak
04:31
8 Months
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8 mjeseci
05:01
Delivery: the expulsion stage
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Porod: stadij istiskivanja
05:43
The moment of birth
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Trenutak rođenja
05:52
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
05:56
Alexander Tsiaras: Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
05:58
But as you can see,
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Ali, kao što možete vidjeti,
06:00
when you actually start working on this data,
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kad zbilja započnete raditi na ovim podacima,
06:02
it's pretty spectacular.
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poprilično su spektakularni.
06:04
And as we kept on scanning more and more,
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I kako smo sve dalje i dalje skenirali,
06:06
working on this project,
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radeći na ovom projektu,
06:08
looking at these two simple cells
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promatrajući ove dvije jednostavne stanice
06:10
that have this kind of unbelievable machinery
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koje imaju nevjerojatan pogon
06:13
that will become the magic of you.
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koji će postati čarolija vas.
06:15
And as we kept on working on this data,
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I kako smo radili na ovim podacima,
06:17
looking at small clusters of the body,
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gledajući malene grozdove što čine tijelo,
06:20
these little pieces of tissue
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ove male komadiće tkiva
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that were a trophoblast coming off of a blastocyst,
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kako se trofoblast razvija od blastociste,
06:25
all of a sudden burrowing itself into the side of the uterus,
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odjednom se ugrađujući u stijenku maternice,
06:28
saying, "I'm here to stay."
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govoreći: "Tu sam i ostat ću."
06:30
All of a sudden having conversation and communications
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Odjednom vodeći razgovor i komunikaciju
06:32
with the estrogens, the progesterones,
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s estrogenom, progesteronom,
06:34
saying, "I'm here to stay, plant me,"
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govoreći, "Tu sam da ostanem, usadite me,"
06:36
building this incredible trilinear fetus
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gradeći nevjerojatan prostoran fetus
06:39
that becomes, within 44 days,
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koji kroz 44 dana postaje
06:41
something that you can recognize,
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nešto što možete prepoznati,
06:43
and then at nine weeks
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i kroz devet tjedana stvarno
06:45
is really kind of a little human being.
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postaje maleno ljudsko biće.
06:47
The marvel of this information:
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Čarolija ove informacije:
06:49
How do we actually have this biological mechanism
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Kako zapravo imamo ovaj biološki mehanizam
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inside our body
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unutar našeg tijela
06:53
to actually see this information?
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da možemo vidjeti ove informacije?
06:55
I'm going to show you something pretty unique.
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Pokazat ću vam nešto poprilično jedinstveno.
06:57
Here's a human heart at 25 [weeks].
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Ovo je ljudsko srce u 25. [tjednu].
06:59
It's just basically two strands.
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U osnovi su to dvije niti.
07:01
And like this magnificent origami,
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I kao veličanstveni origami,
07:03
cells are developing
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stanice se razvijaju
07:05
at one million cells per second at four weeks,
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u prosjeku milijun stanica u sekundi u četvrtom tjednu,
07:08
as it's just folding on itself.
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dok se omotava samo oko sebe.
07:10
Within five weeks, you can start to see the early atrium and the early ventricles.
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Kroz pet tjedana, možete vidjeti ranu pretklijetku i rane klijetke.
07:13
Six weeks, these folds are now beginning
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Šest tjedana, i ovi navoji počinju
07:15
with the papilla on the inside of the heart
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s papilarnim mišićem unutar srca
07:17
actually being able to pull down
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koji stvarno može povući
07:19
each one of those valves in your heart
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bilo koji od zalistaka u srce
07:21
until you get a mature heart --
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dok ne dobijete razvijeno srce --
07:24
and then basically the development of the entire human body.
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i odatle razvoj cijelog ljudskog tijela.
07:26
The magic of the mechanisms
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Čarolija mehanizama
07:28
inside each genetic structure
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unutar svake genetičke strukture
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saying exactly where that nerve cell should go --
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koja govori gdje točno svaka živčana stanica treba ići --
07:34
the complexity of these mathematical models
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kompleksnost matematičkih modela
07:36
of how these things are indeed done
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onoga kako se ove stvari čine
07:38
are beyond human comprehension.
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je iznad ljudske spoznaje.
07:40
Even though I am a mathematician,
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Iako sam i sam matematičar,
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I look at this with marvel
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gledam sa čuđenjem
07:44
of how do these instruction sets
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kako ovaj skup uputa
07:47
not make these mistakes
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ne čine pogreške
07:49
as they build what is us?
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dok grade ono što smo mi?
07:51
It's a mystery, it's magic, it's divinity.
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To je misterija, čarolija, božanstvo.
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Then you start to take a look at adult life.
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Onda počnete gledati život odrasloga.
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Take a look at this little tuft of capillaries.
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Pogledajte ovaj maleni pramen kapilara.
07:58
It's just a tiny sub-substructure, microscopic.
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Samo je malena pod-podstruktura, mikroskopske veličine.
08:01
But basically by the time you're nine months and you're given birth,
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Ali dok budete u devetom mjesecu i rađate se,
08:05
you have almost 60,000 miles of vessels
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imate gotovo 95.000 kilometara žila
08:08
inside your body.
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u tijelu.
08:10
I mean, and only one mile is visible.
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I samo je jedan kilometar vidljiv.
08:12
59,999 miles
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94.999 kilometara
08:15
that are basically bringing nutrients and taking waste away.
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koji donose hranjive tvari i odnose otpad.
08:18
The complexity of building that within a single system
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Složenost građe koja je unutar jednog sustava,
08:20
is, again, beyond any comprehension
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ponavljam, izvan bilo kakve spoznaje,
08:22
or any existing mathematics today.
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i izvan bilo koje postojeće matematike.
08:24
And that instruction set,
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I ovaj skup uputa,
08:26
from the brain to every other part of the body --
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od mozga do svakog drugog dijela tijela --
08:28
look at the complexity of the folding.
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pogledajte složenost nabora.
08:30
Where does this intelligence
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Odakle razumijevanje
08:32
of knowing that a fold can actually hold more information,
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spoznaje kako nabor zapravo može sadržavati više informacija,
08:34
so as you actually watch the baby's brain grow --
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tako da dok gledate kako mozak djeteta raste --
08:37
and this is one of the things that we're doing right now.
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i ovo je jedna od stvari koje upravo radimo.
08:39
We're actually doing the launch of two new studies
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Pokrećemo dva nova istraživanja
08:41
of actually scanning babies' brains from the moment they're born.
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skeniranja mozga djeteta od trenutka kad se rodi.
08:44
Every six months until they're six years old --
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Svakih šest mjeseci do šeste godine --
08:46
we're going to be doing actually to about 250 children --
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ovo ćemo raditi s oko 250 djece --
08:49
watching exactly how the gyri and the sulci of the brains fold
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gledamo kako se točno nabori i zavoji mozga svijaju
08:52
to see how this magnificent development
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da bismo vidjeli kako se ovaj veličanstven razvoj
08:54
actually turns into memories and the marvel that is us.
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pretvara u uspomene i čaroliju koja smo mi.
08:57
And it's not just our own existence,
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I nije u pitanju samo naše postojanje,
08:59
but how does the woman's body understand
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nego i kako tijelo žene razumije
09:01
to have genetic structure that not only builds her own,
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genetičku strukturu koja ne gradi samo njeno tijelo,
09:04
but then has the understanding
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nego kako joj dopušta
09:06
that allows her to become
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da postane
09:08
a walking immunological, cardiovascular system
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hodajući imunološki kardiovaskularni sustav
09:11
that basically is a mobile system
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koji je u osnovi mobilni sustav
09:13
that can actually nurture, treat this child with a kind of marvel
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koji može njegovati, i voditi brigu o djetetu sa čarolijom
09:17
that is beyond, again, our comprehension --
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koja je, ponavljam, izvan naše spoznaje --
09:20
the magic that is existence, that is us?
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čarolijom koja je postojanje, koja smo mi?
09:23
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
09:25
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Alexander Tsiaras - Medical image makerUsing art and technology, Alexander Tsiaras visualizes the unseen human body.
Why you should listen
Alexander Tsiaras is an artist and technologist whose work explores the unseen human body, developing scientific visualization software to enable him to "paint" the human anatomy using volume data. He's the author of Body Voyage and co-author of Information Architects. Most recently, he is the author of From Conception to Birth: A Life Unfolds and The Architecture and Design of Man and Woman: The Marvel of the Human Body, Revealed.
His latest project is The Visual MD, an online compendium of health visualizations.
Alexander Tsiaras | Speaker | TED.com