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Alexander Tsiaras: Conception to birth -- visualized
Alexander Tsiaras: Od spočetja do rojstva -- vizualizirano
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Ustvarjalec podob Alexander Tsiaras predstavi mogočno medicinsko vizualizacijo, ki pokaže človeški razvoj od spočetja do rojstva in naprej. (Nekaj grafičnih podob.)
Alexander Tsiaras - Medical image maker
Using art and technology, Alexander Tsiaras visualizes the unseen human body. Full bio
Using art and technology, Alexander Tsiaras visualizes the unseen human body. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
I was offered a position as associate professor of medicine
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Ponudili so mi mesto izrednega profesorja medicine
00:18
and chief of scientific visualization
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in šefa znanstvene vizualizacije
00:21
at Yale University
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na univerzi Yale
00:23
in the department of medicine.
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na oddelku za medicino.
00:25
And my job was to write many of the algorithms and code
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Moje delo je bilo pisanje število algoritmov in programske kode,
00:28
for NASA to do virtual surgery
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da bi NASA lahko izvajala virtualne operativne posege,
00:30
in preparation for the astronauts going into deep spaceflight,
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v pripravah da bi astronavte pošiljali daleč v vesolje,
00:33
so they could be kept in robotic pods.
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tako da bi bili lahko nameščeni v robotskih komorah.
00:35
One of the fascinating things about what we were actually working on
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Ena izmed fascinantnih stvari glede našega dela je,
00:37
is that we were seeing, using new kinds of scanning technologies,
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da smo s pomočjo novih tehnologij za skeniranje
00:40
things that had just never been seen before --
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videli stvari, ki še nikdar niso bile videne --
00:42
I mean, not only in disease management,
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mislim, ne samo pri obravnavanju bolezni
00:44
but also things that allowed us to see things about the body
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ampak tudi stvari, ki so nam dovoljevale videti stvari glede telesa,
00:48
that just made you marvel.
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ki te preprosto pripravijo k čudenju.
00:51
I remember one of the first times we were looking at collagen.
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Spomnim se ene od prvih prilik, ko smo opazovali kolagen.
00:54
And your entire body, everything --
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In celo vaše telo, vse --
00:56
your hair, skin, bone, nails --
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vaši lasje, koža, kosti, nohti --
00:58
everything is made of collagen.
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vse je narejeno iz kolagena.
01:00
And it's a kind of rope-like structure
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In to je nekakšna vrvi podobna struktura,
01:02
that twirls and swirls like this.
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ki se takole ovija in prepleta.
01:04
And the only place that collagen changes its structure
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Edino mesto, kjer kolagen menja svojo strukturo,
01:08
is in the cornea of your eye.
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je roženica v očesu.
01:10
In your eye,
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V očesu
01:12
it becomes a grid formation,
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se razvrsti v obliki mreže
01:14
and therefore, it becomes transparent, as opposed to opaque.
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in zato postane prozorna namesto neprozorna.
01:17
So perfectly organized a structure,
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Tako popolno organizirani strukturi
01:20
it was hard not to attribute divinity to it.
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je težko ne pripisati božanski izvor.
01:22
Because we kept on seeing this over and over and over again
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Zato, ker smo to kar naprej srečevali, vedno znova in znova,
01:25
in different parts of the body.
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v različnih delih telesa.
01:27
One of the opportunities I had
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Ena izmed priložnosti je bila,
01:30
was one person was working on a really interesting
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ko je nekdo delal na resnično zanimivi
01:32
micromagnetic resonance imaging machine with the NIH.
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napravi za mikromagnetno resonančno slikanje pri raziskovalnem centru NIH.
01:35
And what we were going to do
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In pripravljali smo se,
01:37
was scan a new project
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da bi skenirali nov projekt
01:39
on the development of the fetus from conception to birth
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o razvoju plodu od spočetja do rojstva
01:41
using these kinds of new technologies.
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in pri tem uporabljali tovrstne nove tehnologije.
01:43
So I wrote the algorithms in code,
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Tako sem napisal algoritme in programsko kodo,
01:45
and he built the hardware -- Paul Lauterbur --
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on pa je zasnoval strojno opremo -- Paul Lauterbur --
01:48
then went onto win the Nobel Prize for inventing the MRI.
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je kasneje prejel Nobelovo nagrado za izum tehnologije za MMRI,
01:51
I got the data.
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jaz pa sem dobil podatke.
01:53
And I'm going to show you a sample of the piece,
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In sedaj vam bom pokazal vzorec video posnetka
01:55
"From Conception to Birth."
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"Od spočetja do rojstva."
01:57
(Music)
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(Glasba)
02:03
Video text: "From Conception to Birth"
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Besedilo video posnetka: "Od spočetja do rojstva"
02:09
Oocyte
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Oocit
02:14
Sperm
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Spermiji
02:20
Egg Inseminated
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Oplojeno jajčece
02:27
24 Hours: Baby's first division
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24 ur: Otrokova prva delitev
02:33
The fertilized ovum divides a few hours after fusion ...
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Oplojeno jajčece se deli nekaj ur po združitvi ...
02:38
And divides anew every 12 to 15 hours.
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In se deli vsakih 12 do 15 ur.
02:41
Early Embryo
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Zgodnji zarodek
02:44
Yolk sack still feeding Baby.
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Rumenjakov mehurček še vedno hrani otroka.
02:48
25 Days: Heart chamber developing
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25 dni: Razvija se srčna cev
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32 Days: Arms & hands are developing
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32 dni: Razvijajo se roke in dlani
03:05
36 Days: Beginning of the primitive vertabrae
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36 dni: Začetki prvotnih vretenc
03:11
These weeks are the period of the most rapid development of the fetus.
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Ti tedni so obdobje najhitrejšega razvoja ploda.
03:24
If the fetus continues to grow at this speed for the entire nine months,
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Če bi plod še naprej rastel s tako hitrostjo vseh devet mesecev,
03:27
it would be 1.5 tons at birth.
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bi ob rojstvu tehtal tono in pol.
03:31
45 Days
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45 dni
03:39
Embryo's heart is beating twice as fast as the mother's.
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Zarodkovo srce bije dvakrat tako hitro kot materino.
03:46
51 Days
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51 dni
03:49
52 Days: Developing retina, nose and fingers
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52 dni: Razvoj mrežnice, nosu in prstov
04:03
The fetus' continual movement in the womb
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Plodovo stalno premikanje v maternici
04:08
is necessary for muscular and skeletal growth.
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je potrebno za rast mišic in okostja.
04:25
12 Weeks: Indifferent penis --
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12 tednov: Nedoločljiv penis --
04:27
girl or boy yet to be determined
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ali bo punčka ali fantek se bo še pokazalo.
04:31
8 Months
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8 mesecev
05:01
Delivery: the expulsion stage
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Porod: faza iztisa
05:43
The moment of birth
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Trenutek rojstva
05:52
(Applause)
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(Aplavz)
05:56
Alexander Tsiaras: Thank you.
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Alexander Tsiaras: Hvala.
05:58
But as you can see,
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Toda kot lahko vidite,
06:00
when you actually start working on this data,
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ko dejansko začneš obdelovati te podatke,
06:02
it's pretty spectacular.
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je precej spektakularno.
06:04
And as we kept on scanning more and more,
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In ko smo skenirali naprej in naprej,
06:06
working on this project,
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in delali na tem projektu,
06:08
looking at these two simple cells
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in opazovali ti dve preprosti celici,
06:10
that have this kind of unbelievable machinery
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ki imata takšno neverjetno mašinerijo
06:13
that will become the magic of you.
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ki bo postala čarovnija v podobi tebe.
06:15
And as we kept on working on this data,
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In ko smo še naprej delali na tem projektu,
06:17
looking at small clusters of the body,
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in gledali majhne skupke telesa,
06:20
these little pieces of tissue
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te male koščke tkiva,
06:23
that were a trophoblast coming off of a blastocyst,
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ki so bili trofoblast, ki se oddvaja od blastociste,
06:25
all of a sudden burrowing itself into the side of the uterus,
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in se iznenada zarije v steno maternice,
06:28
saying, "I'm here to stay."
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in pravi: "Tukaj sem da ostanem."
06:30
All of a sudden having conversation and communications
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In ima iznenada pogovor in izmenjavo
06:32
with the estrogens, the progesterones,
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s pomočjo estrogenov, progesteronov,
06:34
saying, "I'm here to stay, plant me,"
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in pravi: "Tukaj sem da ostanem, vsadi me,"
06:36
building this incredible trilinear fetus
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in izgrajuje ta neverjetni trilinearni plod
06:39
that becomes, within 44 days,
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ki postane, in to v 44-tih dneh,
06:41
something that you can recognize,
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nekaj, kar lahko prepoznaš,
06:43
and then at nine weeks
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in je potem pri devetih tednih
06:45
is really kind of a little human being.
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pravzaprav nekako malo človeško bitje.
06:47
The marvel of this information:
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Čudežnost te informacije:
06:49
How do we actually have this biological mechanism
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Kako dejansko imamo ta biološki mehanizem
06:51
inside our body
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v našem telesu,
06:53
to actually see this information?
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da dejansko lahko vidimo to informacijo?
06:55
I'm going to show you something pretty unique.
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Pokazal vam bom nekaj precej edinstvenega.
06:57
Here's a human heart at 25 [weeks].
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Tukaj je človeško srce pri 25 [tednih].
06:59
It's just basically two strands.
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V osnovi sta zgolj dve progi.
07:01
And like this magnificent origami,
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In kot tak čudovit origami
07:03
cells are developing
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se razvijajo celice
07:05
at one million cells per second at four weeks,
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s hitrostjo milijon celic na sekundo pri štirih tednih,
07:08
as it's just folding on itself.
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kot da se samo guba sam nase.
07:10
Within five weeks, you can start to see the early atrium and the early ventricles.
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V petih tednih lahko že vidite zgodnja prekata in zgodnja preddvora.
07:13
Six weeks, these folds are now beginning
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Šest tednov in te gube začenjajo
07:15
with the papilla on the inside of the heart
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s papilami na notranji strani srca
07:17
actually being able to pull down
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in so dejansko sposobni potegniti navzdol
07:19
each one of those valves in your heart
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vsako od zaklopk, ki jih ima srce,
07:21
until you get a mature heart --
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dokler ne dobite dozorelega srca --
07:24
and then basically the development of the entire human body.
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in potem razvoja celotnega človeškega telesa.
07:26
The magic of the mechanisms
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Čudežnost mehanizmov,
07:28
inside each genetic structure
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ki znotraj vsake genetske strukture
07:31
saying exactly where that nerve cell should go --
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povedo, kam točno mora iti ta živčna celica --
07:34
the complexity of these mathematical models
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kompleksnost teh matematičnih modelov
07:36
of how these things are indeed done
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in tega, kako se te stvari dovršijo,
07:38
are beyond human comprehension.
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presegajo človeško dojemljivost.
07:40
Even though I am a mathematician,
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Čeprav sem matematik,
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I look at this with marvel
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strmim v to s čudenjem
07:44
of how do these instruction sets
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nad tem, kako ti svežnji navodil
07:47
not make these mistakes
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ne delajo napak
07:49
as they build what is us?
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medtem ko gradijo to, kar smo mi?
07:51
It's a mystery, it's magic, it's divinity.
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To je misterij, to je magija, to je božanskost.
07:53
Then you start to take a look at adult life.
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Potem začneš opazovati odraslo življenje.
07:56
Take a look at this little tuft of capillaries.
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Poglejte tale mali šop kapilar.
07:58
It's just a tiny sub-substructure, microscopic.
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To je samo majcena pod-podstruktura, mikroskopska.
08:01
But basically by the time you're nine months and you're given birth,
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Vendar imate do takrat, ko dopolnite devet mesecev in ste rojeni,
08:05
you have almost 60,000 miles of vessels
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v osnovi skoraj 96.000 kilometrov žil
08:08
inside your body.
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po svojem telesu.
08:10
I mean, and only one mile is visible.
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Mislim, pri čemer je vidno le kilometer in pol.
08:12
59,999 miles
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95.999 kilometrov,
08:15
that are basically bringing nutrients and taking waste away.
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ki v osnovi dovajajo hranilne in odvajajo odpadne snovi.
08:18
The complexity of building that within a single system
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Kompleksnost izgradnje tega znotraj enega samega sistema
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is, again, beyond any comprehension
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je, ponovno, onstran kakršnegakoli razumevanja
08:22
or any existing mathematics today.
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oziroma matematike, ki v tem trenutku obstaja.
08:24
And that instruction set,
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In ta sveženj navodil
08:26
from the brain to every other part of the body --
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od možganov do vsakega drugega dela telesa --
08:28
look at the complexity of the folding.
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poglejte kompleksnost gubanja.
08:30
Where does this intelligence
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Od kod ta inteligenca
08:32
of knowing that a fold can actually hold more information,
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vedeti, da lahko guba dejansko vsebuje več informacije,
08:34
so as you actually watch the baby's brain grow --
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tako da ko dejansko gledaš rast otrokovih možganov --
08:37
and this is one of the things that we're doing right now.
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in to je ena od stvari, ki jih počnemo ravno zdaj.
08:39
We're actually doing the launch of two new studies
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Dejansko začenjamo dve raziskavi
08:41
of actually scanning babies' brains from the moment they're born.
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in sicer da bomo skenirali možgane otroka od trenutka ko se rodi
08:44
Every six months until they're six years old --
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vsakih šest mesecev, dokler ne dopolnijo šest let --
08:46
we're going to be doing actually to about 250 children --
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to bomo dejansko počeli s približno 250 otroci --
08:49
watching exactly how the gyri and the sulci of the brains fold
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opazovali bomo, kako to točno se gubajo vijuge (girusi) in žlebovi (sulkusi),
08:52
to see how this magnificent development
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da bi ugotovili, kako se ta čudoviti razvoj
08:54
actually turns into memories and the marvel that is us.
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spremeni v spomine in v čudež v podobi nas.
08:57
And it's not just our own existence,
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In ne gre samo za lastni obstoj,
08:59
but how does the woman's body understand
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ampak kako telo ženske razume,
09:01
to have genetic structure that not only builds her own,
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da ima genetsko strukturo, ki ne samo, da izgrajuje njeno,
09:04
but then has the understanding
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ampak ima tudi razumevanje,
09:06
that allows her to become
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ki ji omogoča, da postane
09:08
a walking immunological, cardiovascular system
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hodeč imunološki, srčnožilni sistem
09:11
that basically is a mobile system
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ki je v osnovi mobilni sistem,
09:13
that can actually nurture, treat this child with a kind of marvel
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ki je sposoben dejansko hraniti, skrbeti za tega otroka z nekakšnim čudenjem
09:17
that is beyond, again, our comprehension --
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ki, ponovno, presega naše dojemanje --
09:20
the magic that is existence, that is us?
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čudež, ki je to, da obstajamo, to, kar smo.
09:23
Thank you.
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Hvala.
09:25
(Applause)
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(Aplavz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Alexander Tsiaras - Medical image makerUsing art and technology, Alexander Tsiaras visualizes the unseen human body.
Why you should listen
Alexander Tsiaras is an artist and technologist whose work explores the unseen human body, developing scientific visualization software to enable him to "paint" the human anatomy using volume data. He's the author of Body Voyage and co-author of Information Architects. Most recently, he is the author of From Conception to Birth: A Life Unfolds and The Architecture and Design of Man and Woman: The Marvel of the Human Body, Revealed.
His latest project is The Visual MD, an online compendium of health visualizations.
Alexander Tsiaras | Speaker | TED.com