TEDxBoston 2011
Jay Bradner: Open-source cancer research
Jay Bradner: Otvoreni izvor u istraživanju raka
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Kako rak zna da je rak? U laboratoriju Jaya Bradnera pronašli su molekulu koja bi mogla sadržavati odgovor, JQ1 -- i umjesto patentiranja JQ1, objavili su svoj pronalazak i poslali uzorke u 40 drugih laboratorija da rade na tome. Pogled na otvoreni izvor budućnosti medicinskog istraživanja pun inspiracije.
Jay Bradner - Research scientist
In his lab, Jay Bradner, a researcher at Harvard and Dana Farber in Boston, works on a breakthrough approach for subverting cancer .. and he’s giving the secret away. Full bio
In his lab, Jay Bradner, a researcher at Harvard and Dana Farber in Boston, works on a breakthrough approach for subverting cancer .. and he’s giving the secret away. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
I moved to Boston 10 years ago, from Chicago,
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Prije 10 godina preselio sam se u Boston, iz Chicaga,
00:19
with an interest in cancer and in chemistry.
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sa zanimanjem za rak i kemiju.
00:22
You might know that chemistry is the science of making molecules --
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Možda znate da je kemija znanost stvaranja molekula --
00:25
or to my taste, new drugs for cancer.
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ili po mom ukusu, novih droga za rak.
00:29
And you might also know that, for science and medicine,
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I također možda znate da je za znanost i medicinu
00:32
Boston is a bit of a candy store.
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Boston nešto poput trgovine slatkiša.
00:35
You can't roll a stop sign in Cambridge
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Ne možete svinuti znak stop na Cambridgeu,
00:38
without hitting a graduate student.
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a da ne naletite na postdiplomca.
00:40
The bar is called the Miracle of Science.
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Bar se zove Čudo Znanosti.
00:42
The billboards say "Lab Space Available."
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Plakati kažu „Dostupan laboratorij.“
00:46
And it's fair to say that in these 10 years,
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I pošteno je reći da smo u ovih deset godina
00:48
we've witnessed absolutely the start
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svjedočili apsolutnom početku
00:51
of a scientific revolution -- that of genome medicine.
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znanstvene revolucije -- genomske medicine.
00:54
We know more about the patients that enter our clinic now
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Sada, više nego ikada prije znamo o pacijentima
00:56
than ever before.
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koji ulaze u našu klinku.
00:58
And we're able, finally, to answer the question
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I u mogućnosti smo, konačno, odgovoriti na pitanje
01:00
that's been so pressing for so many years:
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koje nas je pritiskalo mnogo godina:
01:03
why do I have cancer?
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zašto imam rak?
01:06
This information is also pretty staggering.
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Ova informacija je također prilično zapanjujuća.
01:08
You might know that,
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Možda znate da je do sada,
01:10
so far in just the dawn of this revolution,
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u svitanju ove revolucije,
01:12
we know that there are perhaps 40,000 unique mutations
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poznato da postoji možda 40.000 jedinstvenih mutacija
01:15
affecting more than 10,000 genes,
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koje utječu na više od 10.000 gena
01:18
and that there are 500 of these genes
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i da postoji 500 od tih gena
01:20
that are bona-fide drivers,
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koji su dobrovoljni upravitelji,
01:22
causes of cancer.
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uzroci raka.
01:24
Yet comparatively,
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Ipak usporedno,
01:26
we have about a dozen targeted medications.
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imamo dvanaestak ciljanih lijekova.
01:29
And this inadequacy of cancer medicine
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A ta neadekvatnost medicine raka
01:32
really hit home when my father was diagnosed
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zaista je pogodila srž kad je mom ocu dijagnosticiran
01:34
with pancreatic cancer.
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rak gušterače.
01:37
We didn't fly him to Boston.
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Nismo ga prevezli u Boston.
01:39
We didn't sequence his genome.
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Nismo sekvencionirali njegov genom.
01:41
It's been known for decades
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Desetljećima je poznato
01:43
what causes this malignancy.
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što uzrokuje ovaj malignitet.
01:45
It's three proteins --
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To su tri proteina --
01:47
Ras, Myc and P53.
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Ras, MIC i P53.
01:50
This is old information we've known since about the 80s,
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To je stara informacija koju znamo još od osamdesetih,
01:53
yet there's no medicine I can prescribe
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no ipak još uvijek ne postoji lijek koji mogu prepisati
01:55
to a patient with this
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pacijentu s ovim
01:57
or any of the numerous solid tumors
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ili bilo kojim od brojnih solidnih tumora
01:59
caused by these three horsemen
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uzrokovanih od ova tri konjanika
02:01
of the apocalypse that is cancer.
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apokalipse koji se zovu rak.
02:04
There's no Ras, no Myc, no P53 drug.
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Nema Ras, ni MIC ni P53 lijeka.
02:07
And you might fairly ask: why is that?
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I imate svako pravo pitati: zašto je to tako?
02:09
And the very unsatisfying, yet scientific, answer
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I veoma nezadovoljavajuć, iako znanstven, odgovor je
02:12
is it's too hard.
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da je preteško.
02:14
That for whatever reason,
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Da su iz nekog razloga,
02:16
these three proteins have entered a space in the language of our field
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ova tri proteina ušla u prostor u jeziku našeg područja
02:19
that's called the undruggable genome --
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koji se zove genom kojeg je nemoguće liječiti --
02:21
which is like calling a computer unsurfable
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to je kao da nazovete kompjuter nemogućim za surfanje
02:23
or the Moon unwalkable.
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ili Mjesec nemogućim za hodanje.
02:25
It's a horrible term of trade.
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To je užasan naziv struke.
02:27
But what it means
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Ali to znači
02:29
is that we fail to identify a greasy pocket in these proteins,
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da nismo uspjeli identificirati masne džepove u ovim proteinima
02:31
into which we, like molecular locksmiths,
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u kojima poput molekularnih bravara,
02:34
can fashion an active, small, organic molecule
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možemo oblikovati aktivne, male, organske molekule
02:37
or drug substance.
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u supstancu lijeka.
02:39
Now as I was training in clinical medicine
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Dok sam se obučavao u kliničkoj medicini
02:41
and hematology and oncology
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i hematologiji i onkologiji
02:43
and stem cell transplantation,
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i transplantaciji matičnih stanica,
02:45
what we had instead,
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umjesto toga imali smo,
02:47
cascading through the regulatory network at the FDA,
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kaskadirajući kroz regulatornu mrežu FDA,
02:50
were these substances --
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bile su to supstance --
02:52
arsenic, thalidomide
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arsen, talidomid
02:54
and this chemical derivative
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i taj kemijski derivat
02:56
of nitrogen mustard gas.
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iperit dušika.
02:58
And this is the 21st century.
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A ovo je 21. stoljeće.
03:01
And so, I guess you'd say, dissatisfied
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I moglo bi se reći, nezadovoljan
03:03
with the performance and quality of these medicines,
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učinkom i kvalitetom ovih lijekova,
03:05
I went back to school in chemistry
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otišao sam natrag u školu na kemiju
03:08
with the idea
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s idejom
03:10
that perhaps by learning the trade of discovery chemistry
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da bi se možda učeći zanat kemije koja otkriva
03:13
and approaching it in the context of this brave new world
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i ako joj pristupim u kontekstu ovog hrabrog novog svijeta
03:16
of the open-source,
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otvorenih izvora,
03:18
the crowd-source,
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izvora mase,
03:20
the collaborative network that we have access to within academia,
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suradničke mreže kojoj smo pristupili unutar akademije,
03:23
that we might more quickly
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da bismo možda brže
03:25
bring powerful and targeted therapies
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mogli donijeti moćnije i ciljane terapije
03:27
to our patients.
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našim pacijentima.
03:29
And so please consider this a work in progress,
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I molim vas da ovo smatrate radom koji je u tijeku ,
03:32
but I'd like to tell you today a story
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ali danas bih vam želio ispričati priču
03:34
about a very rare cancer
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o veoma rijetkom raku
03:36
called midline carcinoma,
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pod imenom midline karcinom,
03:38
about the protein target,
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o ciljnom proteinu,
03:40
the undruggable protein target that causes this cancer,
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ciljnom proteinu koji se ne može liječiti, a uzrokuje ovaj rak,
03:42
called BRD4,
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zvanom BRD4
03:44
and about a molecule
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i o molekuli
03:46
developed at my lab at Dana Farber Cancer Institute
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razvijenoj u mom laboratoriju u Dana Farber Institutu za rak
03:48
called JQ1, which we affectionately named for Jun Qi,
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nazvanom JQ1 koji smo strastveno nazvali po Jun Qiju,
03:51
the chemist that made this molecule.
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kemičaru koji je stvorio ovu molekulu.
03:54
Now BRD4 is an interesting protein.
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BRD4 je zanimljiv protein.
03:57
You might ask yourself, with all the things cancer's trying to do to kill our patient,
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Mogli biste se upitati, s obzirom na sve stvari koje rak pokušava učiniti ne bi li ubio našeg pacijenta,
04:00
how does it remember it's cancer?
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kako zapamti da je rak?
04:02
When it winds up its genome,
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Kada smota svoj genom,
04:04
divides into two cells and unwinds again,
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podijeli se na dvije stanice i ponovo se odmota,
04:06
why does it not turn into an eye, into a liver,
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zašto se ne pretvori u oko, u jetru
04:08
as it has all the genes necessary to do this?
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s obzirom da ima sve potrebne gene kako bi to napravio?
04:11
It remembers that it's cancer.
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Sjeća se da je rak.
04:13
And the reason is that cancer, like every cell in the body,
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A razlog tome je da rak, poput svake stanice u tijelu,
04:16
places little molecular bookmarks,
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ostavlja male molekularne oznake,
04:18
little Post-it notes,
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male naljepnice
04:20
that remind the cell "I'm cancer; I should keep growing."
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koje podsjete stanicu „Ja sam rak; trebao bih nastaviti rasti.“
04:23
And those Post-it notes
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I te naljepnice
04:25
involve this and other proteins of its class --
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uključuju ovaj i ostale proteine te vrste --
04:27
so-called bromodomains.
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takozvane bromodomene.
04:29
So we developed an idea, a rationale,
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Pa smo razvili ideju, racionalnu,
04:32
that perhaps, if we made a molecule
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da možda, ako napravimo molekulu
04:34
that prevented the Post-it note from sticking
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koja sprječava naljepnicu da se zalijepi
04:36
by entering into the little pocket
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prilikom ulaska u mali džep
04:38
at the base of this spinning protein,
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na osnovi ovog proteina koji se vrti,
04:40
then maybe we could convince cancer cells,
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onda bismo možda mogli uvjeriti stanice raka,
04:42
certainly those addicted to this BRD4 protein,
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naravno one ovisne o svom BRD4 proteinu
04:45
that they're not cancer.
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da nisu rak.
04:47
And so we started to work on this problem.
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Tako smo počeli raditi na ovom problemu.
04:49
We developed libraries of compounds
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Razvili smo knjižnice spojeva
04:51
and eventually arrived at this and similar substances
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i s vremenom došli do ove i sličnih supstanci
04:54
called JQ1.
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nazvanih JQ1.
04:56
Now not being a drug company,
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S obzirom da nismo farmaceutska tvrtka,
04:58
we could do certain things, we had certain flexibilities,
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mogli smo raditi određene stvari, imali smo određene fleksibilnosti
05:01
that I respect that a pharmaceutical industry doesn't have.
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za koje poštujem što ih farmaceutska industrija nema.
05:04
We just started mailing it to our friends.
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Počeli smo je slati našim prijateljima.
05:06
I have a small lab.
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Imam mali laboratorij.
05:08
We thought we'd just send it to people and see how the molecule behaves.
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Mislili smo da bismo mogli poslati ljudima i vidjeti kako će se molekula ponašati.
05:10
And we sent it to Oxford, England
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I poslali smo je u Oxford u Englesku
05:12
where a group of talented crystallographers provided this picture,
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gdje je ekipa talentiranih kristalografa osigurala ovu sliku
05:15
which helped us understand
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koja nam je pomogla da točno razumijemo
05:17
exactly how this molecule is so potent for this protein target.
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kako je ova molekula tako moćna za ovaj ciljani protein.
05:20
It's what we call a perfect fit
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To je ono što zovemo savršeno slaganje
05:22
of shape complimentarity, or hand in glove.
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komplementarnosti oblika ili ruka u rukavici.
05:24
Now this is a very rare cancer,
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Dakle, ovo je veoma rijedak rak,
05:26
this BRD4-addicted cancer.
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ovaj rak ovisan o BRD4.
05:28
And so we worked with samples of material
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Radili smo s uzorcima materijala
05:31
that were collected by young pathologists at Brigham Women's Hospital.
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koje je skupio mladi patolog u bolnici Brigham Women.
05:34
And as we treated these cells with this molecule,
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I kako smo liječili te stanice s ovom molekulom,
05:37
we observed something really striking.
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opazili smo nešto veoma upečatljivo.
05:39
The cancer cells,
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Stanicama raka,
05:41
small, round and rapidly dividing,
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malim i okruglima koje su se brzo dijelile,
05:43
grew these arms and extensions.
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narasle su ruke i nastavci.
05:45
They were changing shape.
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Mijenjale su oblik.
05:47
In effect, the cancer cell
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Kao rezultat, stanice raka
05:49
was forgetting it was cancer
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su zaboravljale da su rak
05:51
and becoming a normal cell.
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i postajale su normalne stanice.
05:54
This got us very excited.
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Zbog toga smo bili jako uzbuđeni.
05:57
The next step would be to put this molecule into mice.
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Sljedeći korak bi bio staviti ovu molekulu u miša.
06:00
The only problem was there's no mouse model of this rare cancer.
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Jedini problem je bio u tome što nema mišjeg modela za ovaj rijedak rak.
06:03
And so at the time that we were doing this research,
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U vrijeme kad smo radili na ovom istraživanju,
06:06
I was caring for a 29 year-old firefighter from Connecticut
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brinuo sam se za 29-ogodišnjeg vatrogasca iz Connecticuta
06:09
who was very much at the end of life
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koji je bio na kraju svog života
06:12
with this incurable cancer.
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s tim neizliječivim rakom.
06:14
This BRD4-addicted cancer
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Taj rak ovisan od BRD4
06:16
was growing throughout his left lung,
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je rastao kroz njegovo lijevo plućno krilo
06:18
and he had a chest tube in that was draining little bits of debris.
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i imao je cijev u prsima u koji su se odlijevali mali komadići krhotina.
06:20
And every nursing shift
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I za vrijeme svakog njegovanja
06:22
we would throw this material out.
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bacili bismo taj materijal.
06:24
And so we approached this patient
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Prišli smo tom pacijentu
06:26
and asked if he would collaborate with us.
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i upitali ga bi li surađivao s nama.
06:28
Could we take this precious and rare cancerous material
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Možemo li uzeti taj vrijedan i rijedak kancerogeni materijal
06:32
from this chest tube
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iz cijevi koja vodi iz njegovih prsa,
06:34
and drive it across town and put it into mice
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odvesti to preko cijelog grada i staviti u miša
06:36
and try to do a clinical trial
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i pokušati napraviti klinički test
06:38
and stage it with a prototype drug?
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i suprotstaviti mu prototip lijeka?
06:40
Well that would be impossible and, rightly, illegal to do in humans.
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To bi bilo nemoguće i naravno, ilegalno napraviti na ljudima.
06:43
And he obliged us.
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I on nam se obvezao.
06:46
At the Lurie Family Center for Animal Imaging,
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U Lurie Obiteljskom centru za snimanje životinja,
06:48
my colleague, Andrew Kung, grew this cancer successfully in mice
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moj kolega, Andrew Kung, uspješno je uzgojio ovaj rak u mišu
06:51
without ever touching plastic.
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bez da je dotakao plastiku.
06:53
And you can see this PET scan of a mouse -- what we call a pet PET.
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Možete vidjeti ovaj PET scan miša -- zovemo ga pet PET.
06:56
The cancer is growing
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Rak raste
06:58
as this red, huge mass in the hind limb of this animal.
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kao ova crvena, velika masa u stražnjim nogama ove životinje.
07:01
And as we treat it with our compound,
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I kako ga liječimo našim spojem,
07:03
this addiction to sugar,
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ova ovisnost o šećeru,
07:05
this rapid growth, faded.
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taj ubrzani rast je blijedio.
07:07
And on the animal on the right,
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I na životinji koju vidite desno,
07:09
you see that the cancer was responding.
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vidite da rak reagira.
07:12
We've completed now clinical trials
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Sada smo završili klinička istraživanja
07:14
in four mouse models of this disease.
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na četiri mišja modela ove bolesti.
07:16
And every time, we see the same thing.
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I svaki puta smo vidjeli istu stvar.
07:18
The mice with this cancer that get the drug live,
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Miš s ovim rakom koji je dobio lijek živi,
07:20
and the ones that don't rapidly perish.
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a oni koji ne dobiju ubrzano umiru.
07:25
So we started to wonder,
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Počeli smo se pitati
07:27
what would a drug company do at this point?
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što bi farmaceutska kompanija učinila u ovom trenu?
07:29
Well they probably would keep this a secret
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Vjerojatno bi čuvali ovu tajnu
07:31
until they turn a prototype drug
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dok ne bi prototip lijeka
07:33
into an active pharmaceutical substance.
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pretvorili u aktivnu farmaceutsku supstancu.
07:35
And so we did just the opposite.
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Pa smo mi učinili totalno suprotno.
07:37
We published a paper
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Objavili smo članak
07:39
that described this finding
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koji opisuje ovo otkriće
07:41
at the earliest prototype stage.
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u najranijem stadiju prototipa.
07:43
We gave the world the chemical identity of this molecule,
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Dali smo svijetu kemijski identitet ove molekule
07:46
typically a secret in our discipline.
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što je obično tajna u našoj disciplini.
07:48
We told people exactly how to make it.
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Rekli smo ljudima kako smo je točno napravili.
07:50
We gave them our email address,
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Dali smo im naše e-mail adrese,
07:52
suggesting that, if they write us,
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predlažući da, ako nam pišu,
07:54
we'll send them a free molecule.
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poslat ćemo im besplatnu molekulu.
07:56
We basically tried to create
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Zapravo smo pokušali stvoriti
07:58
the most competitive environment for our lab as possible.
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najkonkurentniji okoliš za naš laboratorij, što je više moguće.
08:00
And this was, unfortunately, successful.
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I to je nažalost bilo uspješno.
08:02
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
08:04
Because now when we've shared this molecule,
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Zato što, sada kada smo podijelili ovu molekulu,
08:06
just since December of last year,
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od prosinca prošle godine,
08:08
with 40 laboratories in the United States
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u 40 laboratorija u SAD-u
08:10
and 30 more in Europe --
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i još 30 u Europi --
08:12
many of them pharmaceutical companies
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mnoge od njihovih farmaceutskih kompanija
08:14
seeking now to enter this space,
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traže sada kako ući u taj prostor
08:16
to target this rare cancer
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kako bi nanišanili ovaj rijedak rak
08:18
that, thankfully right now,
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koji je trenutno srećom,
08:20
is quite desirable to study in that industry.
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prilično poželjan za proučavanje u toj industriji.
08:24
But the science that's coming back from all of these laboratories
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Ali znanost koja dolazi natrag iz svih tih laboratorija
08:27
about the use of this molecule
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o upotrebi ove molekule
08:29
has provided us insights
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nam je osigurala uvide
08:31
that we might not have had on our own.
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koje možda sami ne bismo vidjeli.
08:33
Leukemia cells treated with this compound
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Stanice leukemije tretirane ovim spojem
08:35
turn into normal white blood cells.
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pretvaraju se u normalne stanice bijele loze.
08:38
Mice with multiple myeloma,
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Miševi s multiplim mijelomima,
08:40
an incurable malignancy of the bone marrow,
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neizliječivim malignitetom koštane srži,
08:43
respond dramatically
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dramatično reagiraju
08:45
to the treatment with this drug.
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na liječenje ovim lijekom.
08:47
You might know that fat has memory.
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Možda znate da mast ima pamćenje.
08:49
Nice to be able to demonstrate that for you.
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Drago mi je što vam to mogu demonstrirati.
08:53
And in fact, this molecule
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I zapravo, ova molekula
08:55
prevents this adipocyte, this fat stem cell,
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spriječava ovaj adipocit, ovu masnu matičnu stanicu
08:58
from remembering how to make fat
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da se sjeti kako napraviti mast
09:01
such that mice on a high fat diet,
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tako da miševi na dijeti bez visokih masnoća,
09:03
like the folks in my hometown of Chicago,
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poput ljudi iz mog rodnog grada Chicaga,
09:06
fail to develop fatty liver,
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ne uspiju razviti masnu jetru,
09:08
which is a major medical problem.
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koja je veliki medicinski problem.
09:11
What this research taught us --
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Ono što nas je ovo istraživanje naučilo --
09:13
not just my lab, but our institute,
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ne samo moj laboratorij, već naš institut
09:15
and Harvard Medical School more generally --
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i hardvardsku Medicinsku školu još više --
09:17
is that we have unique resources in academia
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jest da imamo jedinstvene resurse u akademiji
09:19
for drug discovery --
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za otkrivanje lijeka --
09:21
that our center
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da naš centar
09:23
that has tested perhaps more cancer molecules in a scientific way
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koji je testirao možda više molekula raka na znanstveni način
09:25
than any other,
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nego na bilo koji drugi,
09:27
never made one of its own.
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nikad nije sam za sebe.
09:29
For all the reasons you see listed here,
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Za sve razloge koje vidite ovdje nabrojene,
09:31
we think there's a great opportunity for academic centers
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mislimo da postoji velika prilika za akademske centre
09:34
to participate in this earliest, conceptually-tricky
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da sudjeluju u ovoj najranijoj, konceptualno
09:37
and creative discipline
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lukavoj disciplini
09:40
of prototype drug discovery.
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za otkriće prototipa lijeka.
09:44
So what next?
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Dakle, što dalje?
09:46
We have this molecule, but it's not a pill yet.
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Imamo ovu molekulu, ali to još nije pilula.
09:48
It's not orally available.
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Još nije oralno dostupna.
09:51
We need to fix it, so that we can deliver it to our patients.
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Moramo je popraviti da je možemo dostaviti našim pacijentima.
09:54
And everyone in the lab,
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I svi se u ovom laboratoriju,
09:56
especially following the interaction with these patients,
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posebno prateći interakciju s tim pacijentima
09:58
feels quite compelled
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osjećaju prilično prisiljenima
10:00
to deliver a drug substance based on this molecule.
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da naprave supstancu baziranu na ovoj molekuli.
10:02
It's here where I have to say
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Ovdje moram reći
10:04
that we could use your help and your insights,
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da bi nam dobro došla vaša pomoć i vaši uvidi,
10:06
your collaborative participation.
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vaša suradnja.
10:08
Unlike a drug company,
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Za razliku od farmaceutske kompanije,
10:10
we don't have a pipeline that we can deposit these molecules into.
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nemamo cjevovod u koji možemo pohraniti ove molekule.
10:13
We don't have a team of salespeople and marketeers
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Nemamo tim prodavača i trgovaca
10:16
that can tell us how to position this drug against the other.
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koji nam mogu reći kako smjestiti ovaj lijek nasuprot drugog.
10:19
What we do have is the flexibility of an academic center
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Ono što imamo je fleksibilnost akademskog centra
10:21
to work with competent, motivated,
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da radi sa sposobnim, motiviranim,
10:24
enthusiastic, hopefully well-funded people
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entuzijastičnim, nadajmo se dobrostojećim ljudima
10:27
to carry these molecules forward into the clinic
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koji nose ove molekule naprijed u kliniku
10:29
while preserving our ability
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dok održavaju našu sposobnost
10:31
to share the prototype drug worldwide.
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da dijelimo prototip lijeka širom svijeta.
10:34
This molecule will soon leave our benches
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Ova molekula će uskoro napustiti naše klupe
10:36
and go into a small startup company
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i otići u malo poduzeće koja se tek pokreće
10:38
called Tensha Therapeutics.
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pod imenom Tensha Therapeutics.
10:40
And really this is the fourth of these molecules
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I stvarno ovo je četvrta od ovih molekula
10:43
to kind of graduate from our little pipeline of drug discovery,
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koja nekako završava od našeg malog cjevovoda otkrića lijeka,
10:46
two of which -- a topical drug
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od kojih će dva -- tematski lijek
10:49
for lymphoma of the skin,
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za limfom kože,
10:52
an oral substance for the treatment of multiple myeloma --
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oralna supstanca za liječenje multiplog mijeloma --
10:55
will actually come to the bedside
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zapravo doći do nas
10:57
for first clinical trial in July of this year.
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kao prvi klinički pokus u srpnju ove godine.
10:59
For us, a major and exciting milestone.
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Za nas, velika i uzbudljiva prekretnica.
11:03
I want to leave you with just two ideas.
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Želim vas ostaviti sa samo dvije ideje.
11:05
The first is
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Prva je da
11:07
if anything is unique about this research,
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ako je išta jedinstveno u vezi ovog istraživanja,
11:10
it's less the science than the strategy --
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da je to mnogo manje znanost nego strategija --
11:12
that this for us was a social experiment,
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da je ovo za nas bio socijalni eksperiment,
11:14
an experiment in what would happen
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eksperiment u kojem bi se dogodilo
11:17
if we were as open and honest
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da smo toliko otvoreni i iskreni
11:20
at the earliest phase of discovery chemistry research
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u najranijoj fazi otkrića kemijskog istraživanja
11:22
as we could be.
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koliko možemo biti.
11:24
This string of letters and numbers
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Ovaj niz slova, brojki,
11:26
and symbols and parentheses
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simbola i zagrada
11:28
that can be texted, I suppose,
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koja se može poslati, pretpostavljam,
11:30
or Twittered worldwide,
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ili podijeliti na Twitteru širom svijeta,
11:32
is the chemical identity of our pro compound.
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je kemijski identitet našeg prethodnog spoja.
11:35
It's the information that we most need
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To je informacija koju najviše trebamo
11:37
from pharmaceutical companies,
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od farmaceutskih kompanija,
11:39
the information
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informacija
11:41
on how these early prototype drugs might work.
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o tome kako bi ovi rani prototipovi lijekova mogli raditi.
11:44
Yet this information is largely a secret.
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Ipak, ta informacija je u velikoj mjeri tajna.
11:47
And so we seek really
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I tako zaista tražimo
11:49
to download from the amazing successes
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kako bismo kopirali dva principa izuzetnog uspjeha
11:51
of the computer science industry two principles:
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industrije računalne znanosti:
11:54
that of opensource and that of crowdsourcing
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princip otvorenog izvora i princip izvora mnoštva
11:57
to quickly, responsibly
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do brzog i odgovornog
12:01
accelerate the delivery of targeted therapeutics
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ubrzanja pošiljke ciljanih terapeutika
12:04
to patients with cancer.
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do pacijenata s rakom.
12:06
Now the business model involves all of you.
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Sada poslovni model uključuje sve vas.
12:09
This research is funded by the public.
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Ovo istraživanje je financirano od strane javnosti.
12:11
It's funded by foundations.
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Financirano je iz temelja.
12:13
And one thing I've learned in Boston
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I jedna stvar koju sam naučio u Bostonu
12:15
is that you people will do anything for cancer -- and I love that.
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je da ćete vi ljudi sve učiniti za rak -- i volim to.
12:17
You bike across the state. You walk up and down the river.
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Vozite biciklom kroz državu. Hodate gore i dolje uz rijeku.
12:20
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
12:22
I've never seen really anywhere
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Nikada nisam zaista nigdje vidio
12:24
this unique support
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tu jedinstvenu podršku
12:26
for cancer research.
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za istraživanje raka.
12:28
And so I want to thank you
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I zato vam želim zahvaliti
12:30
for your participation, your collaboration
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na vašem sudjelovanju, vašoj suradnji
12:33
and most of all for your confidence in our ideas.
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i najviše od svega vašoj vjeri u naše ideje.
12:36
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jay Bradner - Research scientistIn his lab, Jay Bradner, a researcher at Harvard and Dana Farber in Boston, works on a breakthrough approach for subverting cancer .. and he’s giving the secret away.
Why you should listen
A doctor and a chemist, Jay Bradner hunts for new approaches to solving cancer. As a research scientist and instructor in medicine at Harvard and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, he and his lab are working to subvert cancer's aggressive behavior by reprogramming the cell's fundamental identity. A molecule they're working on, JQ1, might do just that. (And he’s giving it away in order to spur faster open-source drug discovery.) If you're a researcher who'd like a sample of the JQ1 molecule, contact the Bradner Lab.
Jay Bradner | Speaker | TED.com