TEDGlobal 2010
Tim Jackson: An economic reality check
Tim Jacksonova provjera ekonomske stvarnosti
Filmed:
Readability: 4.6
1,082,826 views
Kako se svijet suočava s recesijom, klimatskim promjenama, nepravdama i više, Tim Jackson predstavlja bolne izazove kako bi se uspostavili ekonomski principi, koji objašnjavaju kako možemo prestati hraniti krizu i početi ulagati u našu budućnost.
Tim Jackson - Economist
Tim Jackson is a British ecological economist and professor for sustainable development at the University of Surrey. He is the author of "Prosperity without Growth" and director of the Centre for the Understanding of Sustainable Prosperity. Full bio
Tim Jackson is a British ecological economist and professor for sustainable development at the University of Surrey. He is the author of "Prosperity without Growth" and director of the Centre for the Understanding of Sustainable Prosperity. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
I want to talk to you today about prosperity,
0
0
3000
Želim vam danas pričati o napretku,
00:18
about our hopes
1
3000
2000
o našim nadama
00:20
for a shared and lasting prosperity.
2
5000
3000
za zajedničko i trajno blagostanje.
00:23
And not just us,
3
8000
2000
I ne samo nas,
00:25
but the two billion people worldwide
4
10000
2000
nego dvije milijarde ljudi širom svijeta
00:27
who are still chronically undernourished.
5
12000
3000
koji su još uvijek kronično pothranjeni.
00:30
And hope actually is at the heart of this.
6
15000
3000
A nada je zapravo u srcu toga.
00:33
In fact, the Latin word for hope
7
18000
2000
U stvari, latinska riječ za nadu
00:35
is at the heart of the word prosperity.
8
20000
2000
je u srži riječi prosperiteta.
00:37
"Pro-speras," "speras," hope --
9
22000
3000
"Pro-speras", "speras," nada --
00:40
in accordance with our hopes and expectations.
10
25000
3000
u skladu s našim nadama i očekivanjima.
00:43
The irony is, though,
11
28000
2000
Ironija je, pak,
00:45
that we have cashed-out prosperity
12
30000
3000
da smo već zgotovili napredak
00:48
almost literally in terms of money and economic growth.
13
33000
3000
gotovo doslovno u smislu novca i gospodarskog rasta.
00:51
And we've grown our economies so much
14
36000
2000
Te smo povećali naše ekonomije toliko
00:53
that we now stand
15
38000
2000
da sada stojimo
00:55
in a real danger
16
40000
2000
u pravoj opasnosti
00:57
of undermining hope --
17
42000
3000
da pokopamo nadu --
01:00
running down resources, cutting down rainforests,
18
45000
3000
smanjujući resurse, rušeći prašume,
01:03
spilling oil into the Gulf of Mexico,
19
48000
3000
izljevajući naftu u Meksičkom zaljevu,
01:06
changing the climate --
20
51000
2000
mjenjajući klimu --
01:08
and the only thing that has actually
21
53000
2000
te jedino što je ustvari
01:10
remotely slowed down the relentless rise
22
55000
2000
usporilo uporan rast
01:12
of carbon emissions over the last two to three decades
23
57000
3000
emisija ugljičnog dioksida tijekom posljednja dva do tri desetljeća
01:15
is recession.
24
60000
2000
je resecija.
01:17
And recession, of course,
25
62000
2000
A recesija, naravno,
01:19
isn't exactly a recipe for hope either,
26
64000
2000
nije točno recept za nadu,
01:21
as we're busy finding out.
27
66000
2000
kao što možemo vidjeti.
01:23
So we're caught in a kind of trap.
28
68000
2000
Stoga uhvaćeni smo u svojevrsnu zamku.
01:25
It's a dilemma, a dilemma of growth.
29
70000
2000
To je dilema, dilema rasta.
01:27
We can't live with it; we can't live without it.
30
72000
2000
Ne možemo živjeti s njim, ne možemo živjeti bez njega.
01:29
Trash the system or crash the planet --
31
74000
3000
Uništi sistem ili uništi planet.
01:32
it's a tough choice; it isn't much of a choice.
32
77000
3000
To je teška odluka. Nemamo puno izbora.
01:35
And our best avenue of escape from this actually
33
80000
3000
I naš najbolji način izlaska iz ovoga je zapravo
01:38
is a kind of blind faith
34
83000
3000
neka vrsta slijepe vjere
01:41
in our own cleverness and technology and efficiency
35
86000
3000
u našu vlastitu domišljatost i tehnologiju i učinkovitost
01:44
and doing things more efficiently.
36
89000
2000
te raditi stvari još učinkovitije.
01:46
Now I haven't got anything against efficiency.
37
91000
2000
Nemam ja ništa protiv učinkovitosti.
01:48
And I think we are a clever species sometimes.
38
93000
3000
Te smatram da smo ponekad pametna vrsta.
01:52
But I think we should also just check the numbers,
39
97000
3000
No mislim da također moramo provjeriti brojeve,
01:55
take a reality check here.
40
100000
2000
i podvući crtu ovdje.
01:57
So I want you to imagine a world,
41
102000
2000
Želim da zamislite svijet,
01:59
in 2050, of around nine billion people,
42
104000
3000
u 2050, od otprilike devet milijardi ljudi,
02:02
all aspiring to Western incomes,
43
107000
2000
sa težnjom prema Zapadnim prihodima,
02:04
Western lifestyles.
44
109000
3000
Zapadnom načinu života.
02:07
And I want to ask the question --
45
112000
2000
I želim postaviti pitanje --
02:09
and we'll give them that two percent hike in income, in salary each year as well,
46
114000
3000
dat ćemo im tih 2 posto rasta u prihodima, u rastu plaća također,
02:12
because we believe in growth.
47
117000
2000
zato što vjerujemo u rast.
02:14
And I want to ask the question:
48
119000
2000
I želim postaviti pitanje:
02:16
how far and how fast would be have to move?
49
121000
3000
koliko daleko i koliko brzo moramo ići?
02:19
How clever would we have to be?
50
124000
2000
Koliko mudri moramo biti?
02:21
How much technology would we need in this world
51
126000
2000
Koliko tehnologija trebamo na ovome svijetu
02:23
to deliver our carbon targets?
52
128000
2000
da ostvarimo ciljeve smanjenja ugljika?
02:25
And here in my chart --
53
130000
2000
Evo mog grafa.
02:27
on the left-hand side is where we are now.
54
132000
3000
Sada se nalazimo s lijeve strane grafa.
02:30
This is the carbon intensity of economic growth
55
135000
2000
Ovo je intezitet ugljika uzrokovan ekonomskim rastom
02:32
in the economy at the moment.
56
137000
2000
trenutno u ekonomiji.
02:34
It's around about 770 grams of carbon.
57
139000
3000
To je oko 770 grama ugljika.
02:37
In the world I describe to you,
58
142000
2000
U svijetu koji vam opisujem,
02:39
we have to be right over here at the right-hand side
59
144000
2000
moramo biti upravo ovdje na desnoj strani
02:41
at six grams of carbon.
60
146000
2000
na šest grama ugljika.
02:43
It's a 130-fold improvement,
61
148000
2000
To je poboljšanje od 130 puta,
02:45
and that is 10 times further and faster
62
150000
2000
i to je 10 puta dalje i brže
02:47
than anything we've ever achieved in industrial history.
63
152000
3000
od bilo čega što smo ikada ostvarili u industrijskoj povijesti.
02:50
Maybe we can do it, maybe it's possible -- who knows?
64
155000
2000
Možda to možemo postići, možda je moguće -- tko zna?
02:52
Maybe we can even go further
65
157000
2000
Možda možemo ići još dalje
02:54
and get an economy that pulls carbon out of the atmosphere,
66
159000
3000
te ostvariti takvu ekonomiju koja izvlači ugljik iz atmosfere,
02:57
which is what we're going to need to be doing
67
162000
2000
što je ono što ćemo morati činiti
02:59
by the end of the century.
68
164000
2000
do kraja stoljeća.
03:01
But shouldn't we just check first
69
166000
3000
No ne bismo li prvo trebali provjeriti
03:04
that the economic system that we have
70
169000
3000
da ekonomski sustav koji trenutno imamo
03:07
is remotely capable of delivering
71
172000
2000
je sposoban isporučiti
03:09
this kind of improvement?
72
174000
2000
ovakvu vrstu poboljšanja?
03:11
So I want to just spend a couple of minutes on system dynamics.
73
176000
3000
Dakle, želim samo potrošiti nekoliko minuta na dinamiku sustava.
03:14
It's a bit complex, and I apologize for that.
74
179000
2000
Malo je složenije, i ja se ispričavam za to.
03:16
What I'll try and do, is I'll try and paraphrase it
75
181000
2000
Što ću probati učiniti, je da ću probati parafrazirati
03:18
is sort of human terms.
76
183000
2000
u ljudskim okvirima.
03:20
So it looks a little bit like this.
77
185000
3000
Izgleda otprilike ovako.
03:23
Firms produce goods for households -- that's us --
78
188000
2000
Tvrtka proizvodi robu za domaćinstva -- to smo mi --
03:25
and provide us with incomes,
79
190000
2000
i omogućava nam prihod,
03:27
and that's even better, because we can spend those incomes
80
192000
3000
te je to još bolje, jer možemo potrošiti taj prihod
03:30
on more goods and services.
81
195000
2000
na još više dobara i usluga.
03:32
That's called the circular flow of the economy.
82
197000
3000
To se zove kružni tok ekonomije.
03:35
It looks harmless enough.
83
200000
2000
Izgleda dovoljno bezopasno.
03:37
I just want to highlight one key feature of this system,
84
202000
2000
Želim samo napomenuti jednu ključnu značajku sustava,
03:39
which is the role of investment.
85
204000
2000
a to je uloga investicije.
03:41
Now investment constitutes
86
206000
2000
Investicije predstavljaju
03:43
only about a fifth of the national income
87
208000
2000
samo otprilike petinu nacionalnog dohotka
03:45
in most modern economies,
88
210000
2000
u većini modernih ekonomija,
03:47
but it plays an absolutely vital role.
89
212000
2000
ali igraju ključnu ulogu.
03:49
And what it does essentially
90
214000
2000
Ono što je bitno
03:51
is to stimulate further consumption growth.
91
216000
3000
je da dodatno stimuliraju potrošački rast.
03:54
It does this in a couple of ways --
92
219000
2000
Radi to na nekoliko načina --
03:56
chasing productivity,
93
221000
2000
ganjajući produktivnost,
03:58
which drives down prices and encourages us to buy more stuff.
94
223000
3000
koja vuče cijene prema dolje i potiče nas da kupujemo još više stvari.
04:01
But I want to concentrate
95
226000
2000
No želim se usredotočiti
04:03
on the role of investment
96
228000
2000
na ulogu investicije
04:05
in seeking out novelty,
97
230000
2000
u potrazi za novitetima,
04:07
the production and consumption of novelty.
98
232000
3000
u proizvodnji i potrošnji noviteta.
04:10
Joseph Schumpeter called this
99
235000
2000
Joseph Schumpeter je ovo zvao
04:12
"the process of creative destruction."
100
237000
3000
"proces kreativnog uništenja."
04:15
It's a process of the production and reproduction of novelty,
101
240000
2000
To je proces proizvodnje i reprodukcije noviteta,
04:17
continually chasing expanding consumer markets,
102
242000
3000
konstantno ganjajući rastuća potrošačka tržišta.
04:20
consumer goods, new consumer goods.
103
245000
2000
potrošačka dobra, nova potrošačka dobra.
04:22
And this, this is where it gets interesting,
104
247000
2000
I ovdje, ovdje postaje interesantno,
04:24
because it turns out that human beings
105
249000
3000
jer ispada da ljudska bića
04:27
have something of an appetite for novelty.
106
252000
3000
imaju određeni apetit prema novitetima.
04:30
We love new stuff --
107
255000
2000
Mi volimo nove stvari --
04:32
new material stuff for sure --
108
257000
2000
nove materijalne stvari u svakome slučaju --
04:34
but also new ideas, new adventures,
109
259000
2000
ali također i nove ideje, nove avanture,
04:36
new experiences.
110
261000
2000
nova iskustva.
04:38
But the materiality matters too,
111
263000
2000
Ali materijalno je također od važnosti.
04:40
because in every society
112
265000
3000
Zato, što u svakom društvu
04:43
that anthropologists have looked at,
113
268000
2000
koje su antropolozi proučavali,
04:45
material stuff
114
270000
2000
materijalne stvari
04:47
operates as a kind of language --
115
272000
2000
djeluju kao neka vrsta jezika,
04:49
a language of goods,
116
274000
2000
jezik robe,
04:51
a symbolic language
117
276000
2000
simbolični jezik
04:53
that we use to tell each other stories --
118
278000
2000
koji koristimo da ispričamo jedni drugima priče --
04:55
stories, for example,
119
280000
2000
priče, na primjer,
04:57
about how important we are.
120
282000
2000
o tome koliko smo važni.
04:59
Status-driven, conspicuous consumption
121
284000
3000
Vođen statusom, očitom potrošnjom
05:02
thrives from the language
122
287000
3000
izdiže se iz jezika
05:05
of novelty.
123
290000
2000
noviteta.
05:07
And here, all of a sudden,
124
292000
2000
I ovdje, odjednom
05:09
we have a system
125
294000
2000
imamo sistem
05:11
that is locking economic structure with social logic --
126
296000
3000
koji povezuje ekonomsku strukturu sa socijalnom logikom --
05:14
the economic institutions, and who we are as people, locked together
127
299000
3000
ekonomske institucije, te koje smo mi kao ljudi, povezali zajedno
05:17
to drive an engine of growth.
128
302000
3000
da vozimo na motoru potrošnje.
05:20
And this engine is not just economic value;
129
305000
2000
I ovaj motor nije samo ekonomske vrijednosti;
05:22
it is pulling material resources
130
307000
3000
on vuče materijalne resurse
05:25
relentlessly through the system,
131
310000
3000
neumorno kroz sistem,
05:28
driven by our own insatiable appetites,
132
313000
3000
vođeni vlastitim nezasitnim apetitima,
05:31
driven in fact by a sense of anxiety.
133
316000
3000
u stvari vođen osjećajem tjeskobe.
05:34
Adam Smith, 200 years ago,
134
319000
2000
Adam Smith, prije 200 godina,
05:36
spoke about our desire
135
321000
2000
je govorio o našim željama
05:38
for a life without shame.
136
323000
2000
za životom bez srama.
05:40
A life without shame:
137
325000
2000
Život bez srama:
05:42
in his day, what that meant was a linen shirt,
138
327000
3000
u njegovo vrijeme, to su značile platnene majice,
05:45
and today, well, you still need the shirt,
139
330000
2000
danas, u biti, još uvijek su vam potrebne majice,
05:47
but you need the hybrid car,
140
332000
3000
no trebate i hibridni auto,
05:50
the HDTV, two holidays a year in the sun,
141
335000
3000
HDTV, dva godišnja odmora na suncu,
05:53
the netbook and iPad, the list goes on --
142
338000
3000
netbook i iPad, lista se nastavlja --
05:56
an almost inexhaustible supply of goods,
143
341000
2000
skoro nepregledne zalihe roba,
05:58
driven by this anxiety.
144
343000
2000
pokreću takve tjeskobe.
06:00
And even if we don't want them,
145
345000
2000
No iako ih ne želimo,
06:02
we need to buy them,
146
347000
2000
moramo ih kupiti,
06:04
because, if we don't buy them, the system crashes.
147
349000
2000
jer, ukoliko ih ne kupimo, sistem se urušava.
06:06
And to stop it crashing
148
351000
2000
A da ga zaustavimo da se sruši
06:08
over the last two to three decades,
149
353000
2000
u proteklih dva do tri desetljeća
06:10
we've expanded the money supply,
150
355000
2000
povećali smo novčanu masu,
06:12
expanded credit and debt,
151
357000
2000
povećali smo kredite i dugove,
06:14
so that people can keep buying stuff.
152
359000
2000
kako bi ljudi mogli nastaviti kupovati stvari.
06:16
And of course, that expansion was deeply implicated in the crisis.
153
361000
3000
I naravno, ta ekspanzija je duboku utjecala na krizu.
06:19
But this -- I just want to show you some data here.
154
364000
2000
No ovo -- Želim vam samo pokazati neke podatke ovdje.
06:21
This is what it looks like, essentially,
155
366000
2000
Ovako to izgleda, u suštini,
06:23
this credit and debt system, just for the U.K.
156
368000
2000
ovaj kreditno dugovni sistem, samo za U.K.
06:25
This was the last 15 years before the crash,
157
370000
3000
Ovo je zadnjih 15 godina prije sloma.
06:28
and you can see there, consumer debt rose dramatically.
158
373000
3000
I ovdje možete vidjeti, potrošački dug rastao je dramatično.
06:31
It was above the GDP for three years in a row
159
376000
2000
Bio je iznad BDP-a tri godine za redom
06:33
just before the crisis.
160
378000
2000
taman prije krize.
06:35
And in the mean time, personal savings absolutely plummeted.
161
380000
3000
U međuvremenu, osobna štednja je apsolutno pala.
06:38
The savings ratio, net savings,
162
383000
2000
Omjer ušteda, neto štednje,
06:40
were below zero in the middle of 2008,
163
385000
2000
su bili ispod nule polovicom 2008,
06:42
just before the crash.
164
387000
2000
taman prije sloma.
06:44
This is people expanding debt, drawing down their savings,
165
389000
3000
Ovdje ljudi povećavaju dugove, smanjuju svoju štednju,
06:47
just to stay in the game.
166
392000
3000
samo kako bi ostali u igri.
06:50
This is a strange, rather perverse, story,
167
395000
3000
Ovo je čudna, prije perverzna priča,
06:53
just to put it in very simple terms.
168
398000
2000
da pojednostavim.
06:55
It's a story about us, people,
169
400000
3000
To je priča o nama, ljudima,
06:59
being persuaded
170
404000
2000
koje se uvjeravalo
07:01
to spend money we don't have
171
406000
2000
da trošimo novac koji nemamo
07:03
on things we don't need
172
408000
2000
na stvari koje nam nisu potrebne
07:05
to create impressions that won't last
173
410000
2000
kako bi ostavili dojmove koji neće trajati
07:07
on people we don't care about.
174
412000
2000
na ljude do kojih nam nije stalo.
07:09
(Laughter)
175
414000
2000
(Smijeh)
07:11
(Applause)
176
416000
4000
(Pljesak)
07:15
But before we consign ourselves to despair,
177
420000
3000
No prije nego se osudimo na očaj,
07:18
maybe we should just go back and say, "Did we get this right?
178
423000
2000
možda bi se trebali vratiti i reći, "Jesmo li ovo dobro shvatili?"
07:20
Is this really how people are?
179
425000
2000
Da li su ljudi stvarno ovakvi?
07:22
Is this really how economies behave?"
180
427000
2000
Da li se ekonomisti stvarno ovako ponašaju?"
07:24
And almost straightaway
181
429000
2000
I gotovo odmah
07:26
we actually run up against a couple of anomalies.
182
431000
3000
se zapravo dotaknemo nekih anomalija.
07:29
The first one is in the crisis itself.
183
434000
2000
Prva je u samoj krizi.
07:31
In the crisis, in the recession, what do people want to do?
184
436000
3000
U ovoj krizi, recesiji, što ljudi žele raditi?
07:34
They want to hunker down, they want to look to the future.
185
439000
3000
Žele potisnuti konzervatizam.Žele gledati u budućnost.
07:37
They want to spend less and save more.
186
442000
3000
Žele manje trošiti i više štedjeti.
07:40
But saving is exactly the wrong thing to do
187
445000
2000
No štednja je zapravo pogrešna stvar za činiti
07:42
from the system point of view.
188
447000
2000
sa točke gledišta sustava.
07:44
Keynes called this the "paradox of thrift" --
189
449000
2000
Keynes je ovo nazvao "paradoksom štednje" --
07:46
saving slows down recovery.
190
451000
2000
štednja usporava oporavak.
07:48
And politicians call on us continually
191
453000
3000
A političari nas konstantno prozivaju
07:51
to draw down more debt,
192
456000
2000
da se još više zadužimo,
07:53
to draw down our own savings even further,
193
458000
2000
da povučemo naše štednje još više,
07:55
just so that we can get the show back on the road,
194
460000
2000
samo kako bi se ponovno vratili u igru,
07:57
so we can keep this growth-based economy going.
195
462000
2000
kako bi održali ovu ekonomiju temeljenu na rastu.
07:59
It's an anomaly,
196
464000
2000
To je anomalija,
08:01
it's a place where the system actually is at odds
197
466000
2000
to je mjesto gdje se zapravo sustav susreće sa svojim granicama
08:03
with who we are as people.
198
468000
3000
sa onim što predstavlja čovjek.
08:06
Here's another one -- completely different one:
199
471000
2000
Evo još jedna -- sasvim drugačija:
08:08
Why is it
200
473000
2000
Zašto mi
08:10
that we don't do the blindingly obvious things we should do
201
475000
2000
ne činimo očigledne stvari koje bi trebali
08:12
to combat climate change,
202
477000
2000
da bi se borili sa klimatskim promjenama
08:14
very, very simple things
203
479000
2000
vrlo,vrlo jednostavne stvari
08:16
like buying energy-efficient appliances,
204
481000
2000
kao što je kupovina energetsko efikasnih uređaja,
08:18
putting in efficient lights, turning the lights off occasionally,
205
483000
2000
postavljanje efikasnih žarulja, gašenje svjetla ponekad,
08:20
insulating our homes?
206
485000
2000
izoliranje naših domova?
08:22
These things save carbon, they save energy,
207
487000
2000
Ovakve stvari štede ugljik, štede energiju,
08:24
they save us money.
208
489000
3000
štede nam novac.
08:27
So is it that, though they make perfect economic sense,
209
492000
3000
Zašto ih onda, iako imaju savršenog ekonomskog smisla,
08:30
we don't do them?
210
495000
2000
ne činimo?
08:32
Well, I had my own personal insight into this
211
497000
2000
Pa, imao sam svoj osobni uvid u ovo
08:34
a few years ago.
212
499000
2000
prije nekoliko godina.
08:36
It was a Sunday evening, Sunday afternoon,
213
501000
2000
Bila je nedjelja navečer, nedjelja popodne,
08:38
and it was just after --
214
503000
2000
taman poslije --
08:40
actually, to be honest, too long after --
215
505000
3000
zapravo, da budem iskren, predugo nakon --
08:43
we had moved into a new house.
216
508000
2000
što smo se uselili u novu kuću.
08:45
And I had finally got around to doing some draft stripping,
217
510000
3000
I napokon sam uhvatio vremena za uklanjanje propuha,
08:48
installing insulation around the windows and doors
218
513000
2000
postavljanje izolacije oko prozora i vrata
08:50
to keep out the drafts.
219
515000
2000
da zaustavim propuh.
08:52
And my, then, five year-old daughter
220
517000
3000
I moja, tada, petogodišnja kćer
08:55
was helping me in the way that five year-olds do.
221
520000
3000
mi je pomagala na način koji je svojstven petogodišnjacima.
08:58
And we'd been doing this for a while,
222
523000
3000
I sad smo mi radili na tome neko vrijeme,
09:01
when she turned to me very solemnly and said,
223
526000
3000
kad se je okrenula prema meni vrlo teatralno i rekla,
09:05
"Will this really keep out the giraffes?"
224
530000
3000
"Hoće li ovo zaista zaustaviti žirafe da uđu?"
09:08
(Laughter)
225
533000
2000
(Smijeh)
09:10
"Here they are, the giraffes."
226
535000
2000
"Evo ih, žirafe."
09:12
You can hear the five-year-old mind working.
227
537000
2000
Možete čuti petogodišnji mozak na djelu.
09:14
These ones, interestingly, are 400 miles north of here
228
539000
3000
Oni, interesantno, su 400 milja sjeverno odavde
09:17
outside Barrow-in-Furness in Cumbria.
229
542000
3000
izvan Barrowa u Furnessu u Cumbriji.
09:20
Goodness knows what they make of the Lake District weather.
230
545000
3000
Bog zna što oni čine u doba Lake District vremena.
09:23
But actually that childish misrepresentation
231
548000
3000
Ali, zapravo to djetinjasto netočno iznošenje
09:26
stuck with me,
232
551000
2000
me je zaokupiralo,
09:28
because it suddenly became clear to me
233
553000
3000
jer mi je odjednom postalo jasno
09:31
why we don't do the blindingly obvious things.
234
556000
2000
zašto ne činimo očigledne stvari.
09:33
We're too busy keeping out the giraffes --
235
558000
2000
Prezaposleni smo zaustavljajući žirafe --
09:35
putting the kids on the bus in the morning,
236
560000
2000
stavljajući djecu na bus ujutro,
09:37
getting ourselves to work on time,
237
562000
3000
dovodeći sebe na posao na vrijeme,
09:40
surviving email overload
238
565000
2000
preživljavajući zatrpanost e-mailovima
09:42
and shop floor politics,
239
567000
2000
i kupovinu u šoping centrima,
09:44
foraging for groceries, throwing together meals,
240
569000
3000
skupljanje namirnica, spravljanje zajedničkih obroka,
09:47
escaping for a couple of precious hours in the evening
241
572000
3000
bježeći nekoliko sati uvečer
09:50
into prime-time TV
242
575000
2000
na udarne sate TV-a
09:52
or TED online,
243
577000
2000
ili TED online-a,
09:54
getting from one end of the day to the other,
244
579000
3000
dolazeći s jednog kraja dana na drugi,
09:57
keeping out the giraffes.
245
582000
2000
zaustavljamo žirafe.
09:59
(Laughter)
246
584000
2000
(Smijeh)
10:01
What is the objective?
247
586000
2000
Što je cilj?
10:03
"What is the objective of the consumer?"
248
588000
3000
"Što je cilj potrošača?"
10:06
Mary Douglas asked in an essay on poverty
249
591000
3000
Mary Douglas je zapitala u eseju o siromaštvu
10:09
written 35 years ago.
250
594000
2000
napisanom prije 35 godina.
10:11
"It is," she said,
251
596000
3000
"To je," kaže ona,
10:14
"to help create the social world
252
599000
3000
"pomaganje u stvaranju socijalnog svijeta
10:17
and find a credible place in it."
253
602000
3000
i pronalazak vjerodostojnog mjesta u njemu."
10:20
That is a deeply humanizing
254
605000
3000
To je duboka humana
10:23
vision of our lives,
255
608000
2000
vizija naših života,
10:25
and it's a completely different vision
256
610000
3000
i to je sasvim druga vizija
10:28
than the one that lies at the heart
257
613000
3000
od one koja je u srži
10:31
of this economic model.
258
616000
2000
ovog ekonomskog modela.
10:33
So who are we?
259
618000
2000
Stoga tko smo mi?
10:35
Who are these people?
260
620000
3000
Tko su ovi ljudi?
10:38
Are we these novelty-seeking, hedonistic,
261
623000
2000
Da li smo mi ovi tragači za novotarijama, hedonistički,
10:40
selfish individuals?
262
625000
3000
sebični individualci?
10:43
Or might we actually occasionally be
263
628000
3000
Ili možemo ponekad zapravo biti
10:46
something like the selfless altruist
264
631000
3000
nešto kao nesebičan altruist
10:49
depicted in Rembrandt's lovely, lovely sketch here?
265
634000
3000
prikazan u ovoj lijepoj Rembrandtovoj skici ovdje?
10:52
Well psychology actually says
266
637000
2000
Pa psihologija zapravo kaže
10:54
there is a tension --
267
639000
2000
da postoji napetost,
10:56
a tension between self-regarding behaviors
268
641000
3000
napetost između osobnog karaktera
10:59
and other regarding behaviors.
269
644000
2000
i ostalih pogleda ponašanja.
11:01
And these tensions have deep evolutionary roots,
270
646000
3000
I ove napetosti imaju duboke evolucijske korijene.
11:04
so selfish behavior
271
649000
2000
Stoga sebično ponašanje
11:06
is adaptive in certain circumstances --
272
651000
2000
je nasljedno u određenim uvjetima --
11:08
fight or flight.
273
653000
2000
bori se ili bježi.
11:10
But other regarding behaviors
274
655000
2000
No ostali pogledi ponašanja
11:12
are essential to our evolution
275
657000
2000
su ključni za našu evoluciju
11:14
as social beings.
276
659000
2000
kao društvenih bića.
11:16
And perhaps even more interesting from our point of view,
277
661000
2000
I možda još interesantnije sa naše točke gledišta,
11:18
another tension between novelty-seeking behaviors
278
663000
3000
još jedna napetost između karaktera u potrazi za novitetima
11:21
and tradition or conservation.
279
666000
3000
i tradicije ili konzervacije.
11:25
Novelty is adaptive when things are changing
280
670000
2000
Noviteti su zarazni kada se stvari mjenjaju
11:27
and you need to adapt yourself.
281
672000
2000
i morate se prilagoditi.
11:29
Tradition is essential to lay down the stability
282
674000
3000
Tradicija je neophodna za stabilizaciju
11:32
to raise families and form cohesive social groups.
283
677000
3000
podizanja obitelji i formiranje kohezivnih društvenih skupina.
11:35
So here, all of a sudden,
284
680000
2000
Stoga ovdje, odjednom
11:37
we're looking at a map of the human heart.
285
682000
3000
gledamo u kartu ljudskog srca.
11:40
And it reveals to us, suddenly,
286
685000
3000
I otkriva nam, odjednom,
11:43
the crux of the matter.
287
688000
2000
srž stvari.
11:45
What we've done is we've created economies.
288
690000
2000
Ono što smo učinili je da smo kreirali ekonomije.
11:47
We've created systems,
289
692000
2000
Kreirali smo sustave,
11:49
which systematically privilege, encourage,
290
694000
3000
koji sustavno prviligiraju, potiču
11:52
one narrow quadrant
291
697000
2000
jedan uski kvadrant
11:54
of the human soul
292
699000
2000
ljudske duše
11:56
and left the others unregarded.
293
701000
3000
a ostale djelove zanemaruju.
11:59
And in the same token, the solution becomes clear,
294
704000
3000
I u istom smislu, rješenje postaje jasno
12:02
because this isn't, therefore,
295
707000
2000
zato jer se ovdje ne radi o tome da
12:04
about changing human nature.
296
709000
2000
promjenimo ljudsku prirodu.
12:06
It isn't, in fact, about curtailing possibilities.
297
711000
3000
To nije ustvari ograničavanje mogućnosti.
12:09
It is about opening up.
298
714000
2000
Radi se o otvaranju.
12:11
It is about allowing ourselves the freedom
299
716000
2000
Radi se o dopuštanju nama samima slobodu
12:13
to become fully human,
300
718000
2000
da postanemo cjeloviti ljudi
12:15
recognizing the depth and the breadth
301
720000
2000
prepoznavajući dubinu i širinu
12:17
of the human psyche
302
722000
2000
ljudske psihe
12:19
and building institutions
303
724000
2000
te stvaranje institucija
12:21
to protect Rembrandt's fragile altruist within.
304
726000
4000
koje će u sebi zaštititi Rembrandtova krhkog altruista.
12:26
What does all this mean for economics?
305
731000
3000
Što sve ovo predstavlja za ekonomiju?
12:29
What would economies look like
306
734000
2000
Kako bi ekonomije izgledale
12:31
if we took that vision of human nature
307
736000
2000
da uklopimo tu viziju ljudske prirode
12:33
at their heart
308
738000
2000
u njihovu srž
12:35
and stretched them
309
740000
2000
te ih proširimo
12:37
along these orthogonal dimensions
310
742000
2000
kroz ove ortogonalne dimenzije
12:39
of the human psyche?
311
744000
2000
ljudske psihe?
12:41
Well, it might look a little bit
312
746000
2000
Pa, moglo bi izgledati kao
12:43
like the 4,000 community-interest companies
313
748000
2000
4000 kompanija orijentiranih prema zajednici
12:45
that have sprung up in the U.K. over the last five years
314
750000
3000
koje su se proširile kroz U.K. zadnjih pet godina
12:48
and a similar rise in B corporations in the United States,
315
753000
3000
te sličan rast B korporacija u Sjedinjenim Državama,
12:51
enterprises
316
756000
2000
tvrtke
12:53
that have ecological and social goals
317
758000
2000
koje imaju ekološke i društvene ciljeve
12:55
written into their constitution
318
760000
2000
zapisane u svom statutu
12:57
at their heart --
319
762000
2000
u svojoj srži,
12:59
companies, in fact, like this one, Ecosia.
320
764000
3000
kompanije, zapravo, kao ova, Ecosia.
13:02
And I just want to, very quickly, show you this.
321
767000
2000
Želim vam samo, nabrzinu, pokazati ovo.
13:04
Ecosia is an Internet search engine.
322
769000
2000
Esocia je Internet tražilica.
13:06
Internet search engines work
323
771000
2000
Internet tražilice rade na način
13:08
by drawing revenues from sponsored links
324
773000
2000
da povlače prihode iz sponzoriranih linkova
13:10
that appear when you do a search.
325
775000
2000
koji se pokazuju dok pretražujete.
13:12
And Ecosia works in pretty much the same way.
326
777000
3000
I Ecosia radi na gotovo sličan način.
13:16
So we can do that here --
327
781000
2000
Stoga možemo to učiniti ovdje.
13:18
we can just put in a little search term.
328
783000
2000
Možemo napraviti jednu pretragu.
13:20
There you go, Oxford, that's where we are. See what comes up.
329
785000
3000
Evo ga, Oxford, tu smo. Da vidimo što smo dobili.
13:23
The difference with Ecosia though
330
788000
2000
Razlika kod Ecosie je zapravo
13:25
is that, in Ecosia's case,
331
790000
2000
to što u slučaju Ecosie,
13:27
it draws the revenues in the same way,
332
792000
3000
povlači prihode na isti način,
13:30
but it allocates
333
795000
2000
no raspoređuje
13:32
80 percent of those revenues
334
797000
3000
80 posto tih prihoda
13:35
to a rainforest protection project in the Amazon.
335
800000
2000
za projekt zaštite prašuma u Amazoni.
13:37
And we're going to do it.
336
802000
2000
I mi ćemo to učiniti.
13:39
We're just going to click on Naturejobs.uk.
337
804000
2000
Samo ćemo kliknuti na Naturejobs.uk.
13:41
In case anyone out there is looking for a job in a recession,
338
806000
2000
U slučaju da netko traži posao u recesiji,
13:43
that's the page to go to.
339
808000
2000
ovo je stranica na koju idete.
13:45
And what happened then was
340
810000
2000
I što se onda dogodilo
13:47
the sponsor gave revenues to Ecosia,
341
812000
3000
je da sponzor daje prihode Ecosia-i,
13:50
and Ecosia is giving 80 percent of those revenues
342
815000
2000
a Ecosia daje 80 posto tih prihoda
13:52
to a rainforest protection project.
343
817000
2000
projektu zaštite prašuma.
13:54
It's taking profits from one place
344
819000
2000
Uzima profit sa jednog mjesta
13:56
and allocating them
345
821000
2000
i alocira ga
13:58
into the protection of ecological resources.
346
823000
2000
u zaštitu ekoloških resursa.
14:00
It's a different kind of enterprise
347
825000
2000
To je drugačija vrsta poduzeća
14:02
for a new economy.
348
827000
2000
za novu ekonomiju.
14:04
It's a form, if you like,
349
829000
2000
To je forma, ako želite,
14:06
of ecological altruism --
350
831000
2000
ekološkog altruizma --
14:08
perhaps something along those lines. Maybe it's that.
351
833000
3000
možda nešto u tom pogledu. Možda je to.
14:11
Whatever it is,
352
836000
2000
Što god da je,
14:13
whatever this new economy is,
353
838000
3000
što god da ta nova ekonomija je,
14:16
what we need the economy to do, in fact,
354
841000
3000
ono što želimo da ekonomija čini, ustvari,
14:19
is to put investment
355
844000
2000
je da stavlja investiciju
14:21
back into the heart of the model,
356
846000
2000
natrag u srž modela,
14:23
to re-conceive investment.
357
848000
2000
da oplodi investiciju.
14:25
Only now, investment
358
850000
2000
Samo što sada, investicija
14:27
isn't going to be
359
852000
2000
neće predstavljati
14:29
about the relentless and mindless
360
854000
2000
upornu i bezumnu
14:31
pursuit of consumption growth.
361
856000
2000
potragu za potrošačkim rastom.
14:33
Investment has to be a different beast.
362
858000
3000
Investicija mora biti drugačija zvijer.
14:36
Investment has to be,
363
861000
2000
Investicija mora predstavljati,
14:38
in the new economy,
364
863000
2000
u novoj ekonomiji,
14:40
protecting and nurturing
365
865000
2000
zaštitu i brigu
14:42
the ecological assets on which our future depends.
366
867000
3000
ekoloških dobara o kojima ovisi naša budućnost.
14:45
It has to be about transition.
367
870000
2000
Mora se raditi o tranziciji.
14:47
It has to be investing in low-carbon technologies
368
872000
2000
Mora se raditi o ulaganju u nisko ugljične tehnologije
14:49
and infrastructures.
369
874000
2000
i infrastrukture.
14:51
We have to invest, in fact,
370
876000
3000
Moramo zapravo ulagati
14:54
in the idea of a meaningful prosperity,
371
879000
3000
u ideju smislenog blagostanja,
14:57
providing capabilities
372
882000
3000
pružati mogućnosti
15:00
for people to flourish.
373
885000
3000
za ljude da procvjetaju.
15:03
And of course, this task has material dimensions.
374
888000
2000
I naravno, ova zadaća ima materijalnu dimenziju.
15:05
It would be nonsense to talk about people flourishing
375
890000
3000
Nema smisla pričati o ljudskom procvatu
15:08
if they didn't have food, clothing and shelter.
376
893000
2000
ukoliko nemaju hranu, odjeću i utočište.
15:10
But it's also clear that prosperity goes beyond this.
377
895000
3000
No isto tako je jasno da prosperitet ide iznad toga.
15:13
It has social and psychological aims --
378
898000
3000
Ima društvene i psihološke ciljeve ..
15:16
family, friendship,
379
901000
2000
obitelj, prijateljstvo,
15:18
commitments, society,
380
903000
2000
opredjeljenja, društvo,
15:20
participating in the life of that society.
381
905000
3000
sudjelovanje u životu tog društva.
15:23
And this too
382
908000
2000
I ovo također
15:25
requires investment,
383
910000
3000
zahtjeva investiciju,
15:28
investment -- for example, in places --
384
913000
2000
investiciju, na primjer, u mjesta,
15:30
places where we can connect,
385
915000
2000
mjesta gdje se možemo povezati,
15:32
places where we can participate,
386
917000
2000
mjesta gdje možemo sudjelovati,
15:34
shared spaces,
387
919000
2000
zajednički prostori,
15:36
concert halls, gardens,
388
921000
2000
koncertne dvorane, vrtovi,
15:38
public parks,
389
923000
2000
javni parkovi,
15:40
libraries, museums, quiet centers,
390
925000
2000
knjižnice, muzeji, mirni centri,
15:42
places of joy and celebration,
391
927000
3000
mjesta radosti i proslave,
15:45
places of tranquility and contemplation,
392
930000
3000
mjesta mira i razmišljanja,
15:48
sites for the "cultivation
393
933000
2000
mjesta za "njegovanje
15:50
of a common citizenship,"
394
935000
3000
zajedničkog građanstva"
15:53
in Michael Sandel's lovely phrase.
395
938000
3000
iz čarobne fraze Michaela Sandela.
15:56
An investment -- investment, after all, is just such a basic economic concept --
396
941000
4000
Investicija - investicija, nakon svega, je samo jednostavan ekonomski koncept --
16:00
is nothing more nor less
397
945000
2000
nije ni više ni manje
16:02
than a relationship
398
947000
2000
nego veza odnosa
16:04
between the present and the future,
399
949000
2000
između sadašnjosti i budućnosti
16:06
a shared present and a common future.
400
951000
3000
podjeljene sadašnjosti i zajedničke budućnosti.
16:09
And we need that relationship to reflect,
401
954000
2000
I trebamo taj odnos da se održi,
16:11
to reclaim hope.
402
956000
3000
kako bi povratili nadu.
16:15
So let me come back, with this sense of hope,
403
960000
3000
Da se vratim, na ovaj osjećaj nade,
16:18
to the two billion people
404
963000
2000
za dvije milijarde ljudi
16:20
still trying to live each day
405
965000
2000
koji i dalje pokušavaju preživjeti dan
16:22
on less than the price of a skinny latte
406
967000
3000
na manje od vrijednosti mršavog lattea
16:25
from the cafe next door.
407
970000
2000
iz kafića u susjedstvu.
16:27
What can we offer those people?
408
972000
2000
Što možemo ponuditi tim ljudima?
16:29
It's clear that we have a responsibility
409
974000
2000
Očigledno je da imamo odgovornost
16:31
to help lift them out of poverty.
410
976000
2000
pomoći im da se izdignu iz siromaštva.
16:33
It's clear that we have a responsibility
411
978000
2000
Jasno je da imamo odgovornost
16:35
to make room for growth
412
980000
2000
da napravimo mjesta za razvoj
16:37
where growth really matters in those poorest nations.
413
982000
3000
gdje je razvoj stvarno potreban u ovim najsiromašnijim zemljama.
16:40
And it's also clear that we will never achieve that
414
985000
3000
Isto tako je jasno da to nikada nećemo ostvariti
16:43
unless we're capable of redefining
415
988000
3000
ukoliko se nismo sposobni redefinirati
16:46
a meaningful sense of prosperity in the richer nations,
416
991000
3000
prema usklađenom osjećaju prosperiteta u bogatijim zemljama,
16:49
a prosperity that is more meaningful
417
994000
2000
prosperitet koji je značajniji
16:51
and less materialistic
418
996000
2000
i manje materijalan
16:53
than the growth-based model.
419
998000
2000
od modela baziranog na rastu.
16:55
So this is not just
420
1000000
2000
Stoga ovo nije samo
16:57
a Western post-materialist fantasy.
421
1002000
3000
zapadnjačka post-materijalistička fantazija.
17:00
In fact, an African philosopher wrote to me,
422
1005000
3000
Zapravo, Afrički filozof napisao mi je
17:03
when "Prosperity Without Growth" was published,
423
1008000
2000
kada je "Prosperitet bez rasta" objavljen,
17:05
pointing out the similarities
424
1010000
2000
upućujući prema sličnostima
17:07
between this view of prosperity
425
1012000
2000
između ovog pogleda na prosperitet
17:09
and the traditional African concept of ubuntu.
426
1014000
3000
i tradicionalnog Afričkog ubuntu koncepta.
17:12
Ubuntu says, "I am
427
1017000
3000
Ubuntu kaže, "Ja sam
17:15
because we are."
428
1020000
2000
zato što mi jesmo."
17:17
Prosperity is a shared endeavor.
429
1022000
3000
Prosperitet je zajedničko nastojanje.
17:20
Its roots are long and deep --
430
1025000
2000
Njegovo korjenje je dugačko i duboko.
17:22
its foundations, I've tried to show,
431
1027000
2000
Njegovi temelji, koje sam pokušao prikazati,
17:24
exist already, inside each of us.
432
1029000
3000
trenutno postoje, unutar svakog od nas.
17:27
So this is not about
433
1032000
2000
Stoga ovo nije
17:29
standing in the way of development.
434
1034000
2000
suprotstavljanje putu razvoja.
17:31
It's not about
435
1036000
2000
Ne radi se o
17:33
overthrowing capitalism.
436
1038000
2000
svrgavanju kapitalizma.
17:35
It's not about
437
1040000
2000
Ne radi se o
17:37
trying to change human nature.
438
1042000
2000
pokušaju da se promjeni ljudska priroda.
17:39
What we're doing here
439
1044000
2000
Ono što činimo ovdje
17:41
is we're taking a few simple steps
440
1046000
2000
je da poduzimamo male korake
17:43
towards an economics fit for purpose.
441
1048000
3000
prema svrsihodnoj ekonomiji.
17:46
And at the heart of that economics,
442
1051000
3000
I u srži te ekonomije,
17:49
we're placing a more credible,
443
1054000
2000
stavljamo vjerodostojniju,
17:51
more robust,
444
1056000
2000
zdraviju,
17:53
and more realistic vision
445
1058000
3000
i realističniju viziju
17:56
of what it means to be human.
446
1061000
3000
onoga što znači biti čovjek.
17:59
Thank you very much.
447
1064000
2000
Hvala vam puno.
18:01
(Applause)
448
1066000
9000
(Pljesak)
18:10
Chris Anderson: While they're taking the podium away, just a quick question.
449
1075000
3000
Chris Anderson: Dok odnose postolje, samo brzo pitanje.
18:13
First of all, economists aren't supposed to be inspiring,
450
1078000
3000
Najprije, ekonomisti nebi trebali biti nadahnuti,
18:16
so you may need to work on the tone a little.
451
1081000
2000
stoga trebali bi poraditi malo na tonu.
18:18
(Laughter)
452
1083000
2000
(Smijeh)
18:20
Can you picture the politicians ever buying into this?
453
1085000
2000
Možete li zamisliti političare da zagrizu u ovo?
18:22
I mean, can you picture
454
1087000
2000
Mislim, možete li zamisliti
18:24
a politician standing up in Britain and saying,
455
1089000
3000
političara u Britaniji da se zauzme i kaže,
18:27
"GDP fell two percent this year. Good news!
456
1092000
3000
"BDP je pao dva posto ove godine. Dobre vijesti!
18:30
We're actually all happier, and a country's more beautiful,
457
1095000
2000
Zapravo smo svi više sretni, i zemlja je ljepša,
18:32
and our lives are better."
458
1097000
2000
te su naši životi bolji."
18:34
Tim Jackson: Well that's clearly not what you're doing.
459
1099000
2000
Tim Jackson: Pa jasno je da to nebi trebali činiti.
18:36
You're not making news out of things falling down.
460
1101000
2000
Ne pravite novost od stvari koje propadaju.
18:38
You're making news out of the things that tell you that we're flourishing.
461
1103000
3000
Radite novost od stvari koje vam govore da napredujemo.
18:41
Can I picture politicians doing it?
462
1106000
2000
Mogu li zamisliti da političari to čine?
18:43
Actually, I already am seeing a little bit of it.
463
1108000
2000
Zapravo, već vidim da se to pomalo događa.
18:45
When we first started this kind of work,
464
1110000
3000
Kad smo započeli ovakav način rada,
18:48
politicians would stand up, treasury spokesmen would stand up,
465
1113000
2000
političari bi se zauzeli, glasnogovornik financija bi se zauzeo,
18:50
and accuse us of wanting to go back and live in caves.
466
1115000
3000
i optužio nas da se želimo vratiti i živjeti u pećinama.
18:53
And actually in the period
467
1118000
2000
Ali zapravo u periodu
18:55
through which we've been working over the last 18 years --
468
1120000
2000
kroz koji radimo već zadnjih 18 godina --
18:57
partly because of the financial crisis
469
1122000
2000
djelomično zbog financijske krize
18:59
and a little bit of humility in the profession of economics --
470
1124000
3000
i malo zbog poniznosti u ekonomskoj profesiji --
19:02
actually people are engaging in this issue
471
1127000
3000
zapravo se ljudi uključuju u ovo pitanje
19:05
in all sorts of countries around the world.
472
1130000
2000
u svakojakim zemljama po svijetu.
19:07
CA: But is it mainly politicians who are going to have to get their act together,
473
1132000
3000
CA: Ali hoće li se većinom političari morati sabrati,
19:10
or is it going to be more just civil society and companies?
474
1135000
3000
ili će se više raditi o civilnim društvima i poduzećima?
19:13
TJ: It has to be companies. It has to be civil society.
475
1138000
3000
TJ: Moraju biti poduzeća. Moraju biti civilna društva.
19:16
But it has to have political leadership.
476
1141000
3000
No moraju imati političko vodstvo.
19:19
This is a kind of agenda,
477
1144000
2000
To je vrsta agende,
19:21
which actually politicians themselves
478
1146000
2000
u koju su zapravo sami političari
19:23
are kind of caught in that dilemma,
479
1148000
2000
uhvaćeni u dilemi,
19:25
because they're hooked on the growth model themselves.
480
1150000
2000
jer su i sami zapeli na modelu rasta.
19:27
But actually opening up the space
481
1152000
2000
No zapravo otvarajući prostor
19:29
to think about different ways of governing,
482
1154000
2000
za drugačiji način upravljanja,
19:31
different kinds of politics,
483
1156000
2000
drugačiju politiku,
19:33
and creating the space
484
1158000
2000
i otvaranje prostora
19:35
for civil society and businesses to operate differently --
485
1160000
2000
za civilno društvo i poduzeća da djeluju drukčije --
19:37
absolutely vital.
486
1162000
2000
je od vitalne važnosti.
19:39
CA: And if someone could convince you
487
1164000
2000
CA: A ukoliko bi vas netko mogao uvjeriti
19:41
that we actually can make the -- what was it? --
488
1166000
2000
da mi zapravo možemo to ostvariti - koliko je bilo?
19:43
the 130-fold improvement in efficiency,
489
1168000
2000
povećanje za 130 puta u efikasnosti,
19:45
of reduction of carbon footprint,
490
1170000
2000
smanjenja otiska ugljika,
19:47
would you then actually like that picture of economic growth
491
1172000
3000
bi vam se tada zapravo sviđala slika ekonomskog rasta
19:50
into more knowledge-based goods?
492
1175000
2000
temeljena na dobrima baziranim na znanju?
19:52
TJ: I would still want to know that you could do that
493
1177000
2000
TJ: I dalje vjerujem da se to može učiniti
19:54
and get below zero by the end of the century,
494
1179000
2000
te doći ispod nule do kraja stoljeća,
19:56
in terms of taking carbon out of the atmosphere,
495
1181000
2000
u smislu uklanjanja ugljika iz atmosfere,
19:58
and solve the problem of biodiversity
496
1183000
2000
i rješavanju problema bioraznolikosti
20:00
and reduce the impact on land use
497
1185000
2000
te smanjiti utjecaj na korištenje zemljišta
20:02
and do something about the erosion of topsoils and the quality of water.
498
1187000
3000
te učiniti nešto oko erozije tla i kvalitete vode.
20:05
If you can convince me we can do all that,
499
1190000
2000
Ukoliko me možete uvjeriti da to sve možemo učiniti,
20:07
then, yes, I would take the two percent.
500
1192000
3000
onda, da, uzeo bih ta dva posto.
20:11
CA: Tim, thank you for a very important talk. Thank you.
501
1196000
3000
CA: Tim, hvala na vrlo važnom govoru. Hvala.
20:14
(Applause)
502
1199000
3000
(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Tim Jackson - EconomistTim Jackson is a British ecological economist and professor for sustainable development at the University of Surrey. He is the author of "Prosperity without Growth" and director of the Centre for the Understanding of Sustainable Prosperity.
Why you should listen
Tim Jackson has been at the forefront of international debates about sustainable development for 30 years and has worked closely with the UK Government, the United Nations Environment Programme and numerous private companies and NGOs to bring social science research into sustainability. During five years at the Stockholm Environment Institute in the early 1990s, he pioneered the concept of preventative environmental management outlined in his 1996 book Material Concerns: Pollution, Profit and Quality of Life. He worked for over a decade pioneering alternative measures of economic progress, and he has written extensively about the meaning function of consumerism in modern society. For seven years, he served as economics commissioner on the UK government's Sustainable Development Commission and led its Redefining Prosperity programme.
He is the director of the Centre for the Understanding of Sustainable Prosperity, a multi-disciplinary, international research consortium which aims to understand the economic, social and political dimensions of sustainable prosperity. In 2016 he received the Hillary Laureate for exceptional mid-career Leadership.
In addition to his scientific work, Jackson is an award-winning professional playwright with numerous BBC radio-writing credits to his name.
Tim Jackson | Speaker | TED.com