TEDGlobal 2014
Jon Gosier: The problem with "trickle-down techonomics"
John Gosier: Permasalahan "trickle-down technonomics"
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Hore untuk teknologi! Teknologi membantu semua orang meraih hal yang lebih baik!! Benarkah? Salah. Ketika teknologi baru seperti buku elektronik atau pelacak kesehatan hanya tersedia untuk orang-orang tertentu saja, ada konsekuensi tak terduga bagi kita semua. Jon Gosier, seorang TED Fellow dan investor bidang teknologi menyerukan gagasan "trickle-down technonomics" dan berbagi contoh-contoh yang menerangkan bagaimana teknologi baru berdampak buruk bila tidak didistribusikan secara merata. Seperti yang dikatakannya, "inovasi sesungguhnya ialah menemukan cara untuk mengikutsertakan semua orang."
Jon Gosier - Investor, data scientist, entrepreneur
Jon Gosier is a serial tech entrepreneur and early-stage startup investor. In 2015, Time magazine listed him as one of the "12 New Faces of Black Leadership." Full bio
Jon Gosier is a serial tech entrepreneur and early-stage startup investor. In 2015, Time magazine listed him as one of the "12 New Faces of Black Leadership." Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
As a software developer and technologist,
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Sebagai pengembang peranti lunak
dan pakar teknologi,
dan pakar teknologi,
00:16
I've worked on a number
of civic technology projects
of civic technology projects
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Saya banyak bekerja dalam
proyek teknologi sipil
proyek teknologi sipil
00:19
over the years.
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selama bertahun-tahun.
00:20
Civic tech is sometimes
referred to as tech for good,
referred to as tech for good,
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Teknologi sipil kadang disebut
teknologi untuk kebaikan,
teknologi untuk kebaikan,
00:24
using technology to solve
humanitarian problems.
humanitarian problems.
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yakni menggunakan teknologi
untuk memecahkan masalah kemanusiaan.
untuk memecahkan masalah kemanusiaan.
00:27
This is in 2010 in Uganda,
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Gambar ini diambil di Uganda pada 2010,
00:29
working on a solution
that allowed local populations
that allowed local populations
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saat saya mencari solusi
supaya warga sekitar
supaya warga sekitar
00:32
to avoid government surveillance
on their mobile phones
on their mobile phones
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dapat menghindari penyadapan ponsel
oleh pemerintah
oleh pemerintah
00:36
for expressing dissent.
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saat menyatakan pendapat yang berbeda.
00:38
That same technology was deployed
later in North Africa
later in North Africa
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Teknologi yang sama juga digunakan
setelahnya di Afrika Utara
setelahnya di Afrika Utara
00:41
for similar purposes
to help activists stay connected
to help activists stay connected
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untuk tujuan serupa, untuk membantu
para aktivis saling terhubung
para aktivis saling terhubung
00:44
when governments were
deliberately shutting off connectivity
deliberately shutting off connectivity
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ketika pemerintah memutuskan jaringan
dengan sengaja,
dengan sengaja,
00:48
as a means of population control.
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untuk mengendalikan warga.
00:51
But over the years, as I have thought
about these technologies
about these technologies
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Selama beberapa tahun,
saat saya memikirkan teknologi ini
saat saya memikirkan teknologi ini
dan proyek-proyek lain yang saya kerjakan,
00:54
and the things that I work on,
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00:56
a question kind of nags
in the back of my mind, which is,
in the back of my mind, which is,
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sebuah pertanyaan mengganggu pikiran saya,
yaitu:
yaitu:
00:59
what if we're wrong about
the virtues of technology,
the virtues of technology,
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bagaimana jika kita keliru melihat
nilai-nilai teknologi.
nilai-nilai teknologi.
01:02
and if it sometimes actively hurts
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dan bagaimana jika teknologi
terkadang merusak
terkadang merusak
01:04
the communities
that we're intending to help?
that we're intending to help?
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masyarakat yang kita ingin bantu?
01:07
The tech industry around the world
tends to operate under similar assumptions
tends to operate under similar assumptions
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Industri teknologi di seluruh dunia
cenderung mempunyai asumsi serupa
cenderung mempunyai asumsi serupa
01:11
that if we build great things,
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bahwa jika kita menciptakan hal hebat,
01:13
it will positively affect everyone.
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semua orang akan merasakan manfaatnya.
01:16
Eventually, these innovations
will get out and find everyone.
will get out and find everyone.
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Perlahan, inovasi tersebut akan
keluar dan digunakan oleh semua orang.
keluar dan digunakan oleh semua orang.
01:19
But that's not always the case.
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Namun ternyata tidak selalu seperti itu.
01:22
I like to call this blind championing
of technology "trickle-down techonomics,"
of technology "trickle-down techonomics,"
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Saya menyebutnya,
"trickle-down technonomics,"
"trickle-down technonomics,"
01:27
to borrow a phrase. (Laughter)
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meminjam istilah seseorang. (Tawa)
01:30
We tend to think that if
we design things for the select few,
we design things for the select few,
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Kita berpikir jika merancang
sesuatu untuk sebagian orang,
sesuatu untuk sebagian orang,
01:33
eventually those technologies
will reach everyone,
will reach everyone,
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perlahan, teknologi itu akan
dipakai semua orang,
dipakai semua orang,
01:35
and that's not always the case.
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namun tidak selalu demikian.
01:37
Technology and innovation
behaves a lot like wealth and capital.
behaves a lot like wealth and capital.
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Teknologi dan inovasi sangat mirip
dengan kekayaan dan modal.
dengan kekayaan dan modal.
01:42
They tend to consolidate
in the hands of the few,
in the hands of the few,
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Keduanya cenderung dikendalikan oleh
segelintir orang,
segelintir orang,
01:44
and sometimes they find their way out
into the hands of the many.
into the hands of the many.
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meskipun terkadang mereka juga
digunakan oleh banyak orang.
digunakan oleh banyak orang.
01:48
And so most of you aren't tackling
oppressive regimes on the weekends,
oppressive regimes on the weekends,
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Kebanyakan Anda tidak berurusan dengan
rezim opresif di akhir minggu,
rezim opresif di akhir minggu,
01:53
so I wanted to think of a few examples
that might be a little bit more relatable.
that might be a little bit more relatable.
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jadi mari saya tunjukkan beberapa contoh
yang lebih mencerminkan Anda.
yang lebih mencerminkan Anda.
01:57
In the world of wearables
and smartphones and apps,
and smartphones and apps,
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Di era teknologi canggih, seperti
ponsel pintar dan aplikasi,
ponsel pintar dan aplikasi,
02:02
there's a big movement
to track people's personal health
to track people's personal health
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kita dapat mengamati kesehatan seseorang
02:05
with applications that track
the number of calories that you burn
the number of calories that you burn
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dengan aplikasi yang mendeteksi
jumlah kalori yang Anda bakar,
jumlah kalori yang Anda bakar,
02:08
or whether you're sitting too much
or walking enough.
or walking enough.
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atau aktivitas fisik Anda, seperti
kebanyakan duduk atau kurang gerak.
kebanyakan duduk atau kurang gerak.
02:13
These technologies make patient intake
in medical facilities much more efficient,
in medical facilities much more efficient,
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Teknologi ini membuat pendataan pasien
pada fasilitas medis menjadi kian efisien,
pada fasilitas medis menjadi kian efisien,
02:19
and in turn, these medical facilities
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sebaliknya, fasilitas medis tersebut
menjadi bergantung pada efisiensi ini.
02:23
are starting to expect
these types of efficiencies.
these types of efficiencies.
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Dengan perangkat digital memasuki
rumah sakit
rumah sakit
02:26
As these digital tools
find their way into medical rooms,
find their way into medical rooms,
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02:28
and they become digitally ready,
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dan mengubahnya menjadi serba digital,
02:30
what happens to the digitally invisible?
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apa yang terjadi pada
yang buta dunia digital?
yang buta dunia digital?
02:33
What does the medical experience look like
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Seperti apa pengalaman medis bagi
02:35
for someone who doesn't have
the $400 phone or watch
the $400 phone or watch
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orang yang tidak memiliki ponsel
atau jam tangan seharga $400
atau jam tangan seharga $400
02:38
tracking their every movement?
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yang mendeteksi tiap gerakan mereka?
02:40
Do they now become a burden
on the medical system?
on the medical system?
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Apakah mereka akan menjadi beban
dalam dunia medis?
dalam dunia medis?
02:43
Is their experience changed?
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Apakah pengalaman mereka berubah?
02:46
In the world of finance,
Bitcoin and crypto-currencies
Bitcoin and crypto-currencies
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Dalam bidang keuangan,
Bitcoin dan mata uang alternatif
Bitcoin dan mata uang alternatif
02:49
are revolutionizing the way
we move money around the world,
we move money around the world,
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merevolusi cara kita menggunakan uang
di dunia,
di dunia,
02:52
but the challenge with these technologies
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namun masalahnya adalah
02:54
is the barrier to entry
is incredibly high, right?
is incredibly high, right?
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biaya penetrasi teknologi
yang terlampau tinggi.
yang terlampau tinggi.
02:57
You need access to the same
phones, devices, connectivity,
phones, devices, connectivity,
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Anda harus punya ponsel,
perangkat, konektivitas yang sama,
perangkat, konektivitas yang sama,
03:01
and even where you don't,
where you can find a proxy agent,
where you can find a proxy agent,
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dan jika tidak,
Anda dapat menemukan agen perantara,
Anda dapat menemukan agen perantara,
03:04
usually they require a certain amount
of capital to participate.
of capital to participate.
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Anda tetap harus memiliki modal
untuk berpartisipasi.
untuk berpartisipasi.
03:09
And so the question that I ask myself
is, what happens to the last community
is, what happens to the last community
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Pertanyaan yang membesit dalam benak saya,
apa yang terjadi pada warga yang masih
apa yang terjadi pada warga yang masih
03:14
using paper notes when the rest
of the world moves to digital currency?
of the world moves to digital currency?
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setia pada uang kertas ketika yang lainnya
sudah pindah ke mata uang digital?
sudah pindah ke mata uang digital?
03:20
Another example from my hometown
in Philadelphia:
in Philadelphia:
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Contoh lain di kampung
halaman saya di Philadelphia:
halaman saya di Philadelphia:
03:23
I recently went
to the public library there,
to the public library there,
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Saya mengunjungi perpustakaan
baru-baru ini
baru-baru ini
03:25
and they are facing an existential crisis.
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dan mereka terancam bangkrut.
03:27
Public funding is dwindling,
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Akibat penyusutan pendanaan publik,
03:29
they have to reduce their footprint
to stay open and stay relevant,
to stay open and stay relevant,
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mereka harus mengurangi
aktivitas untuk bertahan,
aktivitas untuk bertahan,
03:34
and so one of the ways
they're going about this
they're going about this
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jadi salah satu solusi mereka
adalah dengan
adalah dengan
03:37
is digitizing a number of the books
and moving them to the cloud.
and moving them to the cloud.
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mengubah buku dalam format digital
dan mengunggahnya ke internet.
dan mengunggahnya ke internet.
03:40
This is great for most kids. Right?
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Untuk kebanyakan anak, ini berita bagus.
03:42
You can check out books from home,
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Mereka bisa membaca buku dari rumah,
03:44
you can research on the way
to school or from school,
to school or from school,
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meneliti di perjalanan pulang sekolah,
03:47
but these are really two big assumptions,
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tapi ini dengan dua syarat besar,
03:49
that one, you have access at home,
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pertama, punya akses internet di rumah
03:51
and two, that you have access
to a mobile phone,
to a mobile phone,
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dan kedua, punya ponsel,
03:53
and in Philadelphia, many kids do not.
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dan banyak anak di Philadelphia
tidak memilikinya.
tidak memilikinya.
03:56
So what does their
education experience look like
education experience look like
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Jadi, bagaimana pengalaman
pendidikan mereka
pendidikan mereka
03:59
in the wake of a completely
cloud-based library,
cloud-based library,
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di era perpustakaan digital,
04:03
what used to be considered
such a basic part of education?
such a basic part of education?
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yang seharusnya menjadi bagian
dari kebutuhan dasar dalam pendidikan?
dari kebutuhan dasar dalam pendidikan?
04:06
How do they stay competitive?
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Bagaimana mereka bisa bersaing?
04:09
A final example from
across the world in East Africa:
across the world in East Africa:
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Contoh terakhir datang dari Afrika Timur:
04:13
there's been a huge movement
to digitize land ownership rights,
to digitize land ownership rights,
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di mana digitalisasi hak kepemillikan
tanah sedang ramai diperbincangkan,
tanah sedang ramai diperbincangkan,
04:18
for a number of reasons.
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untuk sejumlah alasan.
04:20
Migrant communities,
older generations dying off,
older generations dying off,
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Migrasi, berkurangnya generasi tua,
04:23
and ultimately poor record-keeping
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dan buruknya penyimpanan data
04:25
have led to conflicts over who owns what.
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memicu konflik kepemilikan.
04:29
And so there was a big movement
to put all this information online,
to put all this information online,
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Kemudian muncullah gerakan pemindahan
informasi daring,
informasi daring,
04:33
to track all the ownership
of these plots of land,
of these plots of land,
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untuk mengetahui status kepemilikan lahan,
04:37
put them in the cloud,
and give them to the communities.
and give them to the communities.
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menyimpannya di internet dan
menyerahkannya kepada warga.
menyerahkannya kepada warga.
04:40
But actually, the unintended
consequence of this
consequence of this
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Namun muncul dampak yang tidak diinginkan
04:43
has been that venture capitalists,
investors, real estate developers,
investors, real estate developers,
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yaitu penyedia modal usaha, investor,
pengembang properti
pengembang properti
04:47
have swooped in and they've begun
buying up these plots of land
buying up these plots of land
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sigap mencuri kesempatan ini dan
mereka mulai membeli lahan itu
mereka mulai membeli lahan itu
04:50
right out from under these communities,
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langsung dari para warga itu,
04:52
because they have access
to the technologies
to the technologies
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karena mereka memiliki akses teknologi
04:54
and the connectivity
that makes that possible.
that makes that possible.
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dan konektivitas.
04:58
So that's the common thread
that connects these examples,
that connects these examples,
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Inilah masalah umum yang kerap ditemui,
05:01
the unintended consequences of the tools
and the technologies that we make.
and the technologies that we make.
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dampak negatif dari alat dan teknologi
yang kita buat.
yang kita buat.
05:04
As engineers, as technologists,
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Sebagai insinyur, pakar teknologi,
kita cenderung memilih efisiensi
daripada efektivitas.
daripada efektivitas.
05:07
we sometimes prefer
efficiency over efficacy.
efficiency over efficacy.
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05:11
We think more about doing things
than the outcomes of what we are doing.
than the outcomes of what we are doing.
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Kita cenderung berfokus pada cara,
bukan hasil dan dampaknya.
bukan hasil dan dampaknya.
05:15
This needs to change.
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Ini harus berubah.
05:17
We have a responsibility to think about
the outcomes of the technologies we build,
the outcomes of the technologies we build,
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Kita bertanggung jawab atas
dampak teknologi yang kita buat,
dampak teknologi yang kita buat,
05:21
especially as they increasingly
control the world in which we live.
control the world in which we live.
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khususnya saat kontrol teknologi terhadap
dunia kita semakin meningkat.
dunia kita semakin meningkat.
05:24
In the late '90s,
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Di akhir 90-an,
05:26
there was a big push for ethics
in the world of investment and banking.
in the world of investment and banking.
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dunia investasi dan perbankan didesak
untuk memperhatikan etika.
untuk memperhatikan etika.
05:30
I think in 2014, we're long overdue
for a similar movement
for a similar movement
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Menurut saya di tahun 2014, kita jauh
ketinggalan untuk menerapkan hal serupa
ketinggalan untuk menerapkan hal serupa
05:34
in the area of tech and technology.
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di bidang teknologi.
05:38
So, I just encourage you, as you are all
thinking about the next big thing,
thinking about the next big thing,
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Jadi, saya meminta Anda
yang merencanakan hal-hal ke depan,
yang merencanakan hal-hal ke depan,
05:42
as entrepreneurs, as CEOs,
as engineers, as makers,
as engineers, as makers,
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sebagai wiraswasta, CEO, insinyur,
dan innovator,
dan innovator,
05:47
that you think about
the unintended consequences
the unintended consequences
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untuk memikirkan dampak tambahan
05:51
of the things that you're building,
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atas kreasi yang Anda ciptakan,
05:53
because the real innovation
is in finding ways to include everyone.
is in finding ways to include everyone.
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karena sejatinya, inovasi berarti mencari
cara untuk mengikutsertakan semua orang.
cara untuk mengikutsertakan semua orang.
05:57
Thank you.
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Terima kasih.
05:59
(Applause)
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(Tepuk tangan)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jon Gosier - Investor, data scientist, entrepreneurJon Gosier is a serial tech entrepreneur and early-stage startup investor. In 2015, Time magazine listed him as one of the "12 New Faces of Black Leadership."
Why you should listen
Jon Gosier is an investor and data scientist. He's a partner at Third Cohort Capital, an early-stage tech startup investment fund. Prior to joining Third Cohort, he was the founder of Appfrica, which invests in Africa’s technology economy, D8A Group, a company that makes data science solutions, and Market Atlas, which is like the Bloomberg terminal for emerging market countries. In 2015, Gosier was listed by TIME Magazine as one of “12 New Faces of Black Leadership”, as well as “Most Influential Blacks in Technology” by Business Insider in 2013 and 2014 and among the "20 Angels Worth Knowing" by Black Enterprise Magazine.
Gosier is a Fellow and Senior Fellow at TED from 2009 to 2012 and a first-year participant at THNK, the Amsterdam School for Creative Leadership in the Netherlands. He's won the Knight News Challenge twice, once in 2011 for work in analysis at Ushahidi and again in 2012 for work creating ways of moving data between mobile phones without a central mobile network.
Jon Gosier | Speaker | TED.com