ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jon Gosier - Investor, data scientist, entrepreneur
Jon Gosier is a serial tech entrepreneur and early-stage startup investor. In 2015, Time magazine listed him as one of the "12 New Faces of Black Leadership."

Why you should listen

Jon Gosier is an investor and data scientist. He's a partner at Third Cohort Capital, an early-stage tech startup investment fund. Prior to joining Third Cohort, he was the founder of Appfrica, which invests in Africa’s technology economy, D8A Group, a company that makes data science solutions, and Market Atlas, which is like the Bloomberg terminal for emerging market countries. In 2015, Gosier was listed by TIME Magazine as one of “12 New Faces of Black Leadership”, as well as “Most Influential Blacks in Technology” by Business Insider in 2013 and 2014 and among the "20 Angels Worth Knowing" by Black Enterprise Magazine.

Gosier is a Fellow and Senior Fellow at TED from 2009 to 2012 and  a first-year participant at THNK, the Amsterdam School for Creative Leadership in the Netherlands. He's won the Knight News Challenge twice, once in 2011 for work in analysis at Ushahidi and again in 2012 for work creating ways of moving data between mobile phones without a central mobile network.

More profile about the speaker
Jon Gosier | Speaker | TED.com
TEDGlobal 2014

Jon Gosier: The problem with "trickle-down techonomics"

Jon Gosier: O problema da "tecnoeconomia de gotejamento"

Filmed:
827,725 views

Viva a tecnologia! Ela faz a vida de todo mundo melhor!! Não é? Na verdade, não. Quando uma nova tecnologia, como e-books ou monitores de saúde, só estão disponíveis para algumas pessoas, isso gera consequências indesejadas para todos nós. Jon Gosier, bolsista TED e investidor em tecnologias, esclarece a ideia da "tecnoeconomia de gotejamento" e cita poderosos exemplos de como novas tecnologias podem piorar a situação se não forem distribuídas igualmente. Como ele mesmo disse: "inovação de verdade é dar um jeito de incluir todo mundo."
- Investor, data scientist, entrepreneur
Jon Gosier is a serial tech entrepreneur and early-stage startup investor. In 2015, Time magazine listed him as one of the "12 New Faces of Black Leadership." Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:13
As a software developer and technologist,
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Como tecnólogo
e desenvolvedor de software,
00:16
I've worked on a number
of civic technology projects
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eu trabalhei em vários projetos
de tecnologia cívica ao longo dos anos.
00:19
over the years.
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00:20
Civic tech is sometimes
referred to as tech for good,
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A tecnologia cívica costuma
ser chamada de tecnologia do bem,
00:24
using technology to solve
humanitarian problems.
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usando tecnologia para resolver
problemas humanitários.
00:27
This is in 2010 in Uganda,
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Isso foi em Uganda, em 2010,
00:29
working on a solution
that allowed local populations
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trabalhando em uma solução
que permitia a população geral
00:32
to avoid government surveillance
on their mobile phones
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impedir que o governo
grampeasse seus celulares
00:36
for expressing dissent.
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atrás de opiniões revoltosas.
00:38
That same technology was deployed
later in North Africa
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A mesma tecnologia foi aplicada
mais tarde no norte da África
00:41
for similar purposes
to help activists stay connected
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com objetivos parecidos,
como permitir a comunicação dos ativistas
00:44
when governments were
deliberately shutting off connectivity
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quando o governo, propositalmente,
estava impedindo a conectividade
00:48
as a means of population control.
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para exercer controle sobre o povo.
00:51
But over the years, as I have thought
about these technologies
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Mas, ao longo do tempo,
eu pensei a respeito dessas tecnologias
00:54
and the things that I work on,
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e nas coisas com que eu trabalho,
00:56
a question kind of nags
in the back of my mind, which is,
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e uma pergunta ficou me cutucando,
00:59
what if we're wrong about
the virtues of technology,
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"E se estivermos errados
quanto às virtudes da tecnologia,
01:02
and if it sometimes actively hurts
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e ela fizer mais mal do que bem
01:04
the communities
that we're intending to help?
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nas comunidades que tentamos ajudar?"
01:07
The tech industry around the world
tends to operate under similar assumptions
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A indústria da tecnologia pelo mundo
tende a presumir a mesma coisa:
01:11
that if we build great things,
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se construirmos grandes coisas,
01:13
it will positively affect everyone.
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irá positivamente afetar todo mundo.
01:16
Eventually, these innovations
will get out and find everyone.
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Alguma hora, essas inovações
vão se popularizar e alcançar a todos.
01:19
But that's not always the case.
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Mas não é sempre assim.
Chamo a vanguarda desmedida de tecnologia
de "tecnoeconomia de gotejamento,"
01:22
I like to call this blind championing
of technology "trickle-down techonomics,"
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01:27
to borrow a phrase. (Laughter)
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roubando a frase de outra pessoa.
(Risos)
01:30
We tend to think that if
we design things for the select few,
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Na nossa cabeça, se criarmos coisas
para o pico da pirâmide,
01:33
eventually those technologies
will reach everyone,
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eventualmente essas tecnologias
vão chegar a todos,
01:35
and that's not always the case.
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e, nem sempre acontece.
01:37
Technology and innovation
behaves a lot like wealth and capital.
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A tecnologia e a inovação se parecem muito
com a riqueza e o capital.
01:42
They tend to consolidate
in the hands of the few,
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Elas têm a tendência de se consolidar
nas mãos da minoria
01:44
and sometimes they find their way out
into the hands of the many.
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e de vez em quando
acabam se espalhando para a maioria.
01:48
And so most of you aren't tackling
oppressive regimes on the weekends,
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Como a maioria de vocês não fica
indo contra ditaduras nas horas vagas,
01:53
so I wanted to think of a few examples
that might be a little bit more relatable.
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eu tive que pensar em alguns exemplos
que sejam mais fáceis de processar.
01:57
In the world of wearables
and smartphones and apps,
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No nosso mundo de facilidades,
smartphones e aplicativos,
02:02
there's a big movement
to track people's personal health
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existe uma tendência de monitorar
a saúde do usuário
02:05
with applications that track
the number of calories that you burn
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com aplicativos que medem
quantas calorias foram gastas,
02:08
or whether you're sitting too much
or walking enough.
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se ele passa muito tempo sentado,
se ele caminha o suficiente,
02:13
These technologies make patient intake
in medical facilities much more efficient,
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Essas tecnologias tornam mais eficiente
a admissão de pacientes em hospitais.
02:19
and in turn, these medical facilities
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Por sua vez, esses hospitais
começam a exigir essas eficiências.
02:23
are starting to expect
these types of efficiencies.
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Conforme essas ferramentas digitais
entram nos consultórios médicos,
02:26
As these digital tools
find their way into medical rooms,
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02:28
and they become digitally ready,
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tornando-os digitalmente preparados,
02:30
what happens to the digitally invisible?
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o que acontece com
os digitalmente invisíveis?
02:33
What does the medical experience look like
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Como vai ser a experiência médica
02:35
for someone who doesn't have
the $400 phone or watch
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para alguém que não tem
o relógio ou telefone de R$1.200
02:38
tracking their every movement?
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que monitora cada passo seu?
02:40
Do they now become a burden
on the medical system?
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Eles viram pesos mortos
para o sistema médico?
02:43
Is their experience changed?
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A experiência deles vai mudar?
02:46
In the world of finance,
Bitcoin and crypto-currencies
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No mundo das finanças,
as Bitcoins e outras cripto-moedas
02:49
are revolutionizing the way
we move money around the world,
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estão revolucionando
nosso jeito de movimentar dinheiro,
02:52
but the challenge with these technologies
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mas o desafio dessas tecnologias
02:54
is the barrier to entry
is incredibly high, right?
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é que não é todo mundo que pode, não é?
02:57
You need access to the same
phones, devices, connectivity,
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É preciso ter acesso
a certos aparelhos e conectividade
03:01
and even where you don't,
where you can find a proxy agent,
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e mesmo se não precisar,
se houver um agente de proxy disponível,
03:04
usually they require a certain amount
of capital to participate.
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geralmente é preciso ter
um mínimo de capital para entrar.
03:09
And so the question that I ask myself
is, what happens to the last community
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E a pergunta que eu me faço é,
o que acontece com a última comunidade
03:14
using paper notes when the rest
of the world moves to digital currency?
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que usar notas de papel depois que
o mundo já estiver na moeda digital?
03:20
Another example from my hometown
in Philadelphia:
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Outro exemplo é
a minha cidade natal na Filadélfia:
03:23
I recently went
to the public library there,
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Outro dia, eu fui
na biblioteca pública de lá,
03:25
and they are facing an existential crisis.
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e eles estão em crise existencial.
03:27
Public funding is dwindling,
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As verbas públicas estão diminuindo,
03:29
they have to reduce their footprint
to stay open and stay relevant,
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eles estão tendo que apertar o cinto
para continuarem abertos,
03:34
and so one of the ways
they're going about this
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e um dos jeitos que eles acharam
03:37
is digitizing a number of the books
and moving them to the cloud.
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foi digitalizar alguns livros
e colocá-los na nuvem.
03:40
This is great for most kids. Right?
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Isso é ótimo para as crianças, não é?
03:42
You can check out books from home,
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Dá para emprestar livros sem sair de casa,
03:44
you can research on the way
to school or from school,
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fazer pesquisa enquanto vai
ou volta da escola,
03:47
but these are really two big assumptions,
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mas existem duas presunções enormes aí,
03:49
that one, you have access at home,
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de que você tem internet em casa
03:51
and two, that you have access
to a mobile phone,
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e um celular com conexão móvel,
03:53
and in Philadelphia, many kids do not.
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coisa que muitas crianças
na Filadélfia não têm.
03:56
So what does their
education experience look like
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O que acontece com
a experiência educacional deles
03:59
in the wake of a completely
cloud-based library,
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tendo uma biblioteca
totalmente baseada na nuvem,
04:03
what used to be considered
such a basic part of education?
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sendo que bibliotecas são consideradas
um elemento básico da educação?
04:06
How do they stay competitive?
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Como eles vão se manter competitivos?
04:09
A final example from
across the world in East Africa:
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Um ultimo exemplo, da África oriental,
do outro lado do mundo:
04:13
there's been a huge movement
to digitize land ownership rights,
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houve um enorme movimento
pela digitalização de escrituras de terras
04:18
for a number of reasons.
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por várias razões.
04:20
Migrant communities,
older generations dying off,
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Comunidades nômades,
a morte das gerações mais antigas
04:23
and ultimately poor record-keeping
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e, principalmente,
falta de preservação dos documentos,
04:25
have led to conflicts over who owns what.
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tudo isso levou a conflitos
sobre quem é dono do quê.
04:29
And so there was a big movement
to put all this information online,
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Aí houve um grande movimento
para colocar toda essa informação online,
04:33
to track all the ownership
of these plots of land,
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para rastrear todos
os direitos de propriedade sobre a terra,
04:37
put them in the cloud,
and give them to the communities.
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colocá-los na nuvem
e dá-los para as comunidades.
04:40
But actually, the unintended
consequence of this
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Mas isso gerou
uma consequência inesperada:
04:43
has been that venture capitalists,
investors, real estate developers,
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investidores imobiliários,
de risco e empreiteiros
04:47
have swooped in and they've begun
buying up these plots of land
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entraram em cena e começaram
a comprar essas terras das comunidades,
04:50
right out from under these communities,
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porque eles tem acesso às tecnologias
04:52
because they have access
to the technologies
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04:54
and the connectivity
that makes that possible.
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e à conectividade que torna isso possível.
04:58
So that's the common thread
that connects these examples,
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Esse é o elo que conecta esses exemplos,
05:01
the unintended consequences of the tools
and the technologies that we make.
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as consequências inesperadas
das nossas ferramentas e tecnologias.
05:04
As engineers, as technologists,
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Como engenheiros e tecnólogos,
nós, algumas vezes, preferimos
eficiência à eficácia.
05:07
we sometimes prefer
efficiency over efficacy.
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05:11
We think more about doing things
than the outcomes of what we are doing.
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Pensamos mais em fazer as coisas
do que nos resultados que elas trazem.
05:15
This needs to change.
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Isso precisa mudar.
05:17
We have a responsibility to think about
the outcomes of the technologies we build,
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Temos a responsabilidade de pensar
sobre os resultados de nossas criações,
05:21
especially as they increasingly
control the world in which we live.
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especialmente quando elas começam
a controlar o mundo em que vivemos.
05:24
In the late '90s,
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No final dos anos 90,
05:26
there was a big push for ethics
in the world of investment and banking.
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houve um grande avanço por ética
no mundo dos investimentos e finanças.
05:30
I think in 2014, we're long overdue
for a similar movement
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Eu acho que, agora em 2014,
já passou da hora de fazermos o mesmo
05:34
in the area of tech and technology.
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na área da tecnologia.
05:38
So, I just encourage you, as you are all
thinking about the next big thing,
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Então, eu encorajo vocês, que estão
pensando no próximo grande sucesso
05:42
as entrepreneurs, as CEOs,
as engineers, as makers,
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enquanto empreendedores, CEOs,
engenheiros, criadores,
05:47
that you think about
the unintended consequences
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que vocês pensem sobre
as consequências indesejadas
05:51
of the things that you're building,
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das coisas que vocês estão construindo,
05:53
because the real innovation
is in finding ways to include everyone.
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porque a verdadeira inovação
é dar um jeito de incluir todo mundo.
Muito obrigado.
05:57
Thank you.
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(Aplausos)
05:59
(Applause)
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Translated by Thierry Carvalho
Reviewed by Nilceli Bradford

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jon Gosier - Investor, data scientist, entrepreneur
Jon Gosier is a serial tech entrepreneur and early-stage startup investor. In 2015, Time magazine listed him as one of the "12 New Faces of Black Leadership."

Why you should listen

Jon Gosier is an investor and data scientist. He's a partner at Third Cohort Capital, an early-stage tech startup investment fund. Prior to joining Third Cohort, he was the founder of Appfrica, which invests in Africa’s technology economy, D8A Group, a company that makes data science solutions, and Market Atlas, which is like the Bloomberg terminal for emerging market countries. In 2015, Gosier was listed by TIME Magazine as one of “12 New Faces of Black Leadership”, as well as “Most Influential Blacks in Technology” by Business Insider in 2013 and 2014 and among the "20 Angels Worth Knowing" by Black Enterprise Magazine.

Gosier is a Fellow and Senior Fellow at TED from 2009 to 2012 and  a first-year participant at THNK, the Amsterdam School for Creative Leadership in the Netherlands. He's won the Knight News Challenge twice, once in 2011 for work in analysis at Ushahidi and again in 2012 for work creating ways of moving data between mobile phones without a central mobile network.

More profile about the speaker
Jon Gosier | Speaker | TED.com

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