TEDGlobal 2014
Jon Gosier: The problem with "trickle-down techonomics"
Džon Gosijer (Jon Gosier): Problem sa "tehnonomijom kapanja"
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Ura za tehnologiju! Ona čini sve boljim za sve nas! Zar ne? I ne baš. Kada je nova tehnologija poput e-knjiga i praćenja zdravlja dostupna samo nekim ljudima, to ima nenamerne posledice po sve nas. Džon Gosijer, učesnik TED Fellows programa i investitor, proziva "tehnonomiju kapanja" i deli moćne primere za to kako nova tehnologija može da pogorša stvari ako se ne raspodeli ravnomerno. Kako on kaže, "prava inovacija je pronalaženje načina da se uključe svi".
Jon Gosier - Investor, data scientist, entrepreneur
Jon Gosier is a serial tech entrepreneur and early-stage startup investor. In 2015, Time magazine listed him as one of the "12 New Faces of Black Leadership." Full bio
Jon Gosier is a serial tech entrepreneur and early-stage startup investor. In 2015, Time magazine listed him as one of the "12 New Faces of Black Leadership." Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
As a software developer and technologist,
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Kao softverski programer i tehnolog,
00:16
I've worked on a number
of civic technology projects
of civic technology projects
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radio sam na brojnim
građanskim projektima
građanskim projektima
00:19
over the years.
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proteklih godina.
00:20
Civic tech is sometimes
referred to as tech for good,
referred to as tech for good,
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Građanska tehnologija ponekad
se naziva tehnologijom dobra,
se naziva tehnologijom dobra,
00:24
using technology to solve
humanitarian problems.
humanitarian problems.
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koristi se tehnologija da se rešavaju
humanitarni problemi.
humanitarni problemi.
00:27
This is in 2010 in Uganda,
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Ovo je 2010. u Ugandi
00:29
working on a solution
that allowed local populations
that allowed local populations
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kada se radilo na rešenju
koje bi lokalnim populacijama dozvolilo
koje bi lokalnim populacijama dozvolilo
00:32
to avoid government surveillance
on their mobile phones
on their mobile phones
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da izbegnu da vlada nadgleda
njihove mobilne telefone
njihove mobilne telefone
00:36
for expressing dissent.
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kako bi se izrazilo neslaganje.
00:38
That same technology was deployed
later in North Africa
later in North Africa
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Ista tehnologija kasnije je korišćena
u Severnoj Africi
u Severnoj Africi
00:41
for similar purposes
to help activists stay connected
to help activists stay connected
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za slične svrhe, kako bi se
aktivisti povezali
aktivisti povezali
00:44
when governments were
deliberately shutting off connectivity
deliberately shutting off connectivity
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kada su vlade namerno
obarale mreže
obarale mreže
00:48
as a means of population control.
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kako bi se kontrolisalo stanovništvo.
00:51
But over the years, as I have thought
about these technologies
about these technologies
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Ali tokom godina, kako sam razmišljao
o ovim tehnologijama
o ovim tehnologijama
00:54
and the things that I work on,
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i stvarima na kojima radim,
00:56
a question kind of nags
in the back of my mind, which is,
in the back of my mind, which is,
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u krajičku uma mučilo me pitanje,
00:59
what if we're wrong about
the virtues of technology,
the virtues of technology,
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a to je, šta ako grešimo
sa dobrim stranama tehnologije
sa dobrim stranama tehnologije
01:02
and if it sometimes actively hurts
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i ako nešto aktivno šteti
01:04
the communities
that we're intending to help?
that we're intending to help?
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zajednicama kojima želimo da pomognemo?
01:07
The tech industry around the world
tends to operate under similar assumptions
tends to operate under similar assumptions
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Industrija tehnologije širom sveta
funkcioniše pod sličnim pretpostavkama
funkcioniše pod sličnim pretpostavkama
01:11
that if we build great things,
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da ako pravimo sjajne stvari,
01:13
it will positively affect everyone.
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to će imati pozitivan efekat na sve.
01:16
Eventually, these innovations
will get out and find everyone.
will get out and find everyone.
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Na kraju ove inovacije
dolaze do svakog.
dolaze do svakog.
01:19
But that's not always the case.
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Ali to nije uvek slučaj.
01:22
I like to call this blind championing
of technology "trickle-down techonomics,"
of technology "trickle-down techonomics,"
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Ovakvo slepo probijanje tehnologije
volim da zovem "tehnonomijom kapanja",
volim da zovem "tehnonomijom kapanja",
01:27
to borrow a phrase. (Laughter)
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da pozajmim izraz. (Smeh)
Često mislimo da ako dizajniramo stvari
za odabranu nekolicinu,
za odabranu nekolicinu,
01:30
We tend to think that if
we design things for the select few,
we design things for the select few,
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01:33
eventually those technologies
will reach everyone,
will reach everyone,
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te tehnologije će na kraju
doći do svakog,
doći do svakog,
01:35
and that's not always the case.
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a to nije uvek slučaj.
01:37
Technology and innovation
behaves a lot like wealth and capital.
behaves a lot like wealth and capital.
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Tehnologija i inovacija ponašaju se
umnogome nalik na bogatstvo i kapital.
umnogome nalik na bogatstvo i kapital.
01:42
They tend to consolidate
in the hands of the few,
in the hands of the few,
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Skupljaju se u rukama nekolicine
01:44
and sometimes they find their way out
into the hands of the many.
into the hands of the many.
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i ponekad dopru do ruku većine.
01:48
And so most of you aren't tackling
oppressive regimes on the weekends,
oppressive regimes on the weekends,
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Većina vas se vikendom ne bori
protiv ugnjetavačkih režima
protiv ugnjetavačkih režima
01:53
so I wanted to think of a few examples
that might be a little bit more relatable.
that might be a little bit more relatable.
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pa sam hteo da smislim nekoliko primera
koji će vam biti bliskiji.
koji će vam biti bliskiji.
01:57
In the world of wearables
and smartphones and apps,
and smartphones and apps,
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U svetu prenosnih gedžeta,
pametnih telefona i aplikacija,
pametnih telefona i aplikacija,
02:02
there's a big movement
to track people's personal health
to track people's personal health
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postoji veliki pokret
za praćenje ličnog zdravlja ljudi
za praćenje ličnog zdravlja ljudi
02:05
with applications that track
the number of calories that you burn
the number of calories that you burn
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sa aplikacijama koje prate
broj kalorija koje sagorevate
broj kalorija koje sagorevate
02:08
or whether you're sitting too much
or walking enough.
or walking enough.
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ili da li previše sedite
ili dovoljno hodate.
ili dovoljno hodate.
02:13
These technologies make patient intake
in medical facilities much more efficient,
in medical facilities much more efficient,
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Ove tehnologije čine udeo pacijenta
u medicinskim ustanovama mnogo efikasnijim
u medicinskim ustanovama mnogo efikasnijim
02:19
and in turn, these medical facilities
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a zauzvrat, ove ustanove
02:23
are starting to expect
these types of efficiencies.
these types of efficiencies.
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počinju da očekuju
ovakvu vrstu efikasnosti.
ovakvu vrstu efikasnosti.
02:26
As these digital tools
find their way into medical rooms,
find their way into medical rooms,
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Kako ovi medicinski alati
dolaze do medicinskih prostorija
dolaze do medicinskih prostorija
02:28
and they become digitally ready,
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i postaju digitalno spremni,
02:30
what happens to the digitally invisible?
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šta se dešava sa digitalno nevidljivima?
02:33
What does the medical experience look like
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Kako izgleda medicinsko iskustvo
02:35
for someone who doesn't have
the $400 phone or watch
the $400 phone or watch
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za nekoga ko nema telefon ili sat
od 400 dolara
od 400 dolara
02:38
tracking their every movement?
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koji prati svaki njihov pokret?
02:40
Do they now become a burden
on the medical system?
on the medical system?
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Da li sada postaju opterećenje
za medicinski sistem?
za medicinski sistem?
02:43
Is their experience changed?
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Da li se njihovo iskustvo menja?
02:46
In the world of finance,
Bitcoin and crypto-currencies
Bitcoin and crypto-currencies
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U svetu finansija, Bitkoin
i kriptovalute unose revoluciju
i kriptovalute unose revoluciju
02:49
are revolutionizing the way
we move money around the world,
we move money around the world,
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u način na koji novac prebacujemo
širom sveta,
širom sveta,
02:52
but the challenge with these technologies
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ali izazov sa ovim tehnologijama
je to da je prepreka za ulaz
neverovatno visoka, zar ne?
neverovatno visoka, zar ne?
02:54
is the barrier to entry
is incredibly high, right?
is incredibly high, right?
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02:57
You need access to the same
phones, devices, connectivity,
phones, devices, connectivity,
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Potreban vam je pristup
istim telefonima, uređajima, vezama,
istim telefonima, uređajima, vezama,
03:01
and even where you don't,
where you can find a proxy agent,
where you can find a proxy agent,
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a tamo gde ih nemate,
gde možete naći zastupnika,
gde možete naći zastupnika,
03:04
usually they require a certain amount
of capital to participate.
of capital to participate.
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obično vam je za učešće potrebna
određena količina kapitala.
određena količina kapitala.
03:09
And so the question that I ask myself
is, what happens to the last community
is, what happens to the last community
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Pitanje koje sebi postavljam je
šta se dešava sa poslednjom zajednicom
šta se dešava sa poslednjom zajednicom
03:14
using paper notes when the rest
of the world moves to digital currency?
of the world moves to digital currency?
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koja će koristiti papirni novac kada
ostatak sveta pređe na digitalne valute?
ostatak sveta pređe na digitalne valute?
03:20
Another example from my hometown
in Philadelphia:
in Philadelphia:
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Još jedan primer iz mog rodnog grada
u Filadelfiji -
u Filadelfiji -
03:23
I recently went
to the public library there,
to the public library there,
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skoro sam otišao gradsku biblioteku
03:25
and they are facing an existential crisis.
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i oni su suočeni sa krizom postojanja.
03:27
Public funding is dwindling,
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Državno finansiranje opada,
03:29
they have to reduce their footprint
to stay open and stay relevant,
to stay open and stay relevant,
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moraju da smanje troškove
da nastave da rade i ostanu bitni
da nastave da rade i ostanu bitni
03:34
and so one of the ways
they're going about this
they're going about this
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pa je jedan od načina
na koji ovo rešavaju
na koji ovo rešavaju
03:37
is digitizing a number of the books
and moving them to the cloud.
and moving them to the cloud.
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to da određeni deo knjiga digitalizuju
i postave ih na oblak.
i postave ih na oblak.
03:40
This is great for most kids. Right?
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Ovo je sjajno za većinu dece, zar ne?
03:42
You can check out books from home,
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Knjige možete gledati kod kuće,
03:44
you can research on the way
to school or from school,
to school or from school,
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možete istraživati na putu
od škole ili kuće,
od škole ili kuće,
03:47
but these are really two big assumptions,
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ali ovo su dve veoma velike pretpostavke,
03:49
that one, you have access at home,
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da pod jedan, imate pristup od kuće
03:51
and two, that you have access
to a mobile phone,
to a mobile phone,
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i da dva, imate pristup mobilnom telefonu,
03:53
and in Philadelphia, many kids do not.
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a u Filadelfiji, mnogo dece to nema.
03:56
So what does their
education experience look like
education experience look like
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Kako onda izgleda njihovo iskustvo učenja
03:59
in the wake of a completely
cloud-based library,
cloud-based library,
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naspram biblioteke koja je
potpuno zasnovana na oblaku,
potpuno zasnovana na oblaku,
04:03
what used to be considered
such a basic part of education?
such a basic part of education?
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nečega što se smatralo
osnovnim delom školovanja?
osnovnim delom školovanja?
04:06
How do they stay competitive?
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Kako da budu konkurentni?
04:09
A final example from
across the world in East Africa:
across the world in East Africa:
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Poslednji primer sa druge strane sveta
iz istočne Afrike -
iz istočne Afrike -
04:13
there's been a huge movement
to digitize land ownership rights,
to digitize land ownership rights,
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postoji ogroman pokret da se digitalizuju
prava na posedstvo zemljišta,
prava na posedstvo zemljišta,
04:18
for a number of reasons.
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iz brojnih razloga.
04:20
Migrant communities,
older generations dying off,
older generations dying off,
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Zajednice koje migriraju,
starije generacije koje izumiru
starije generacije koje izumiru
04:23
and ultimately poor record-keeping
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i konačno, loše beleženje zapisa,
04:25
have led to conflicts over who owns what.
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dovelo je do konflikta
oko toga ko šta poseduje.
oko toga ko šta poseduje.
04:29
And so there was a big movement
to put all this information online,
to put all this information online,
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Tako je nastao veliki pokret da se
sve ove informacije postave na internet,
sve ove informacije postave na internet,
04:33
to track all the ownership
of these plots of land,
of these plots of land,
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kako bi se pratilo vlasničko pravo
ovih komada zemljišta,
ovih komada zemljišta,
04:37
put them in the cloud,
and give them to the communities.
and give them to the communities.
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da se to stavi u oblak
i pruži zajednicama.
i pruži zajednicama.
04:40
But actually, the unintended
consequence of this
consequence of this
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Zapravo, nenamerna posledica ovog
04:43
has been that venture capitalists,
investors, real estate developers,
investors, real estate developers,
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bila je ta da se desio nalet kapitalista,
investitora, trgovaca nekretninama,
investitora, trgovaca nekretninama,
04:47
have swooped in and they've begun
buying up these plots of land
buying up these plots of land
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koji su došli i počeli da kupuju
ove komade zemljišta
ove komade zemljišta
04:50
right out from under these communities,
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od samih ovih zajednica
04:52
because they have access
to the technologies
to the technologies
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jer imaju pristup tehnologijama
04:54
and the connectivity
that makes that possible.
that makes that possible.
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i povezanost koja to čini mogućim.
04:58
So that's the common thread
that connects these examples,
that connects these examples,
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To je zajednička nit
koja povezuje ove primere,
koja povezuje ove primere,
05:01
the unintended consequences of the tools
and the technologies that we make.
and the technologies that we make.
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nenamerne posledice alata
i tehnologija koje proizvodimo.
i tehnologija koje proizvodimo.
05:04
As engineers, as technologists,
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Kao inženjeri, kao tehnolozi,
05:07
we sometimes prefer
efficiency over efficacy.
efficiency over efficacy.
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ponekad više volimo
efikasnost od delotvornosti.
efikasnost od delotvornosti.
05:11
We think more about doing things
than the outcomes of what we are doing.
than the outcomes of what we are doing.
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Više mislimo o obavljanju nečega
nego posledicama onog što radimo.
nego posledicama onog što radimo.
05:15
This needs to change.
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Ovo mora da se promeni.
05:17
We have a responsibility to think about
the outcomes of the technologies we build,
the outcomes of the technologies we build,
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Imamo odgovornost da mislimo
na posledice tehnologija koje stvaramo,
na posledice tehnologija koje stvaramo,
05:21
especially as they increasingly
control the world in which we live.
control the world in which we live.
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naročito zato što sve više kontrolišu
svet u kome živimo.
svet u kome živimo.
05:24
In the late '90s,
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Krajem 90-tih,
05:26
there was a big push for ethics
in the world of investment and banking.
in the world of investment and banking.
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desila se velika inicijativa za etikom
u svetu investicija i bankarstva.
u svetu investicija i bankarstva.
05:30
I think in 2014, we're long overdue
for a similar movement
for a similar movement
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Mislim da u 2014. već dosta kasnimo
sa sličnim pokretom
sa sličnim pokretom
05:34
in the area of tech and technology.
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u poju tehnologije.
05:38
So, I just encourage you, as you are all
thinking about the next big thing,
thinking about the next big thing,
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Samo bih vas ohrabrio, dok svi mislite
o narednoj velikoj stvari,
o narednoj velikoj stvari,
05:42
as entrepreneurs, as CEOs,
as engineers, as makers,
as engineers, as makers,
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kao preduzetnike, direktore,
inženjere, stvaraoce,
inženjere, stvaraoce,
05:47
that you think about
the unintended consequences
the unintended consequences
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da pomislite na nenamerne posledice
05:51
of the things that you're building,
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stvari koje proizvodite,
05:53
because the real innovation
is in finding ways to include everyone.
is in finding ways to include everyone.
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zato što prava inovacija predstavlja
pronalaženje načina da se svi uključe.
pronalaženje načina da se svi uključe.
05:57
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
05:59
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jon Gosier - Investor, data scientist, entrepreneurJon Gosier is a serial tech entrepreneur and early-stage startup investor. In 2015, Time magazine listed him as one of the "12 New Faces of Black Leadership."
Why you should listen
Jon Gosier is an investor and data scientist. He's a partner at Third Cohort Capital, an early-stage tech startup investment fund. Prior to joining Third Cohort, he was the founder of Appfrica, which invests in Africa’s technology economy, D8A Group, a company that makes data science solutions, and Market Atlas, which is like the Bloomberg terminal for emerging market countries. In 2015, Gosier was listed by TIME Magazine as one of “12 New Faces of Black Leadership”, as well as “Most Influential Blacks in Technology” by Business Insider in 2013 and 2014 and among the "20 Angels Worth Knowing" by Black Enterprise Magazine.
Gosier is a Fellow and Senior Fellow at TED from 2009 to 2012 and a first-year participant at THNK, the Amsterdam School for Creative Leadership in the Netherlands. He's won the Knight News Challenge twice, once in 2011 for work in analysis at Ushahidi and again in 2012 for work creating ways of moving data between mobile phones without a central mobile network.
Jon Gosier | Speaker | TED.com