TEDGlobal 2014
Jon Gosier: The problem with "trickle-down techonomics"
Jon Gosier: Problem sa "slijevajućom tehnonomijom"
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Hura za tehnologiju! Čini sve boljim za svakoga!! Je li tako? Pa, ne. Kad je ova tehnologija, poput e-knjiga ili zdravstvenog softvera, dostupna samo nekima, to ima nenamjerne posljedice po sve nas. Jon Gosier, TED Fellow i ulagač u tehnologiju, proziva ideju "slijevajuće tehnonomije" te dijeli moćne primjere kako nova tehnologija može stvari zapravo pogoršati ako nije ravnomjerno raspoređena. Kako kaže, "prava je inovacija u pronalaženju načina kako uključiti sve."
Jon Gosier - Investor, data scientist, entrepreneur
Jon Gosier is a serial tech entrepreneur and early-stage startup investor. In 2015, Time magazine listed him as one of the "12 New Faces of Black Leadership." Full bio
Jon Gosier is a serial tech entrepreneur and early-stage startup investor. In 2015, Time magazine listed him as one of the "12 New Faces of Black Leadership." Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
As a software developer and technologist,
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Kao software developer i tehnolog,
00:16
I've worked on a number
of civic technology projects
of civic technology projects
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radio sam na nekom broju
građanskih tehnoloških projekata
građanskih tehnoloških projekata
00:19
over the years.
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tijekom godina.
00:20
Civic tech is sometimes
referred to as tech for good,
referred to as tech for good,
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Građanska tehnologija se
ponekad naziva tehnologija za dobro,
ponekad naziva tehnologija za dobro,
00:24
using technology to solve
humanitarian problems.
humanitarian problems.
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korištenje tehnologije za
rješavanje humanitarnih problema.
rješavanje humanitarnih problema.
00:27
This is in 2010 in Uganda,
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Ovo je u 2010. u Ugandi,
00:29
working on a solution
that allowed local populations
that allowed local populations
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rad na rješenju koje je
omogućilo lokalnoj populaciji
omogućilo lokalnoj populaciji
00:32
to avoid government surveillance
on their mobile phones
on their mobile phones
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da izbjegne vladin nadzor
nad njihovim mobitelima
nad njihovim mobitelima
00:36
for expressing dissent.
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radi izražavanja neslaganja.
00:38
That same technology was deployed
later in North Africa
later in North Africa
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Ista je ta tehologija
kasnije iskorištena u Sjevernoj Africi
kasnije iskorištena u Sjevernoj Africi
00:41
for similar purposes
to help activists stay connected
to help activists stay connected
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za slične razloge,
da pomogne aktivistima ostati povezanima
da pomogne aktivistima ostati povezanima
00:44
when governments were
deliberately shutting off connectivity
deliberately shutting off connectivity
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kada su vlasti
namjerno gasile povezivost
namjerno gasile povezivost
00:48
as a means of population control.
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kao način populacijske kontrole.
00:51
But over the years, as I have thought
about these technologies
about these technologies
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Ali tijekom godina,
kako sam učio o tim tehnologijama
kako sam učio o tim tehnologijama
00:54
and the things that I work on,
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i stvarima na kojima radim,
00:56
a question kind of nags
in the back of my mind, which is,
in the back of my mind, which is,
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pitanje je na neki način zanovijetalo
u pozadini mog uma, koje je:
u pozadini mog uma, koje je:
00:59
what if we're wrong about
the virtues of technology,
the virtues of technology,
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sto ako smo u krivu glede
vrlina tehnologije,
vrlina tehnologije,
01:02
and if it sometimes actively hurts
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te ako to ponekad aktivno oštećuje
01:04
the communities
that we're intending to help?
that we're intending to help?
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zajednice kojima namjeravamo pomoći?
01:07
The tech industry around the world
tends to operate under similar assumptions
tends to operate under similar assumptions
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Tehnološka industrija širom svijeta
teži djelovati pod sličnim pretpostavkama
teži djelovati pod sličnim pretpostavkama
01:11
that if we build great things,
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da ako pravimo odlične stvari,
01:13
it will positively affect everyone.
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to će pozitivno utjecati na sve.
01:16
Eventually, these innovations
will get out and find everyone.
will get out and find everyone.
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s vremenom, te će se inovacije
proširiti i pronaći svakoga.
proširiti i pronaći svakoga.
01:19
But that's not always the case.
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Ali to nije uvijek slučaj.
01:22
I like to call this blind championing
of technology "trickle-down techonomics,"
of technology "trickle-down techonomics,"
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Volim nazivati ovo slijepo uzdanje
u tehnologiju "slijevajuća tehnonomija,"
u tehnologiju "slijevajuća tehnonomija,"
01:27
to borrow a phrase. (Laughter)
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da posudim frazu. (Smijeh)
01:30
We tend to think that if
we design things for the select few,
we design things for the select few,
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Težimo misliti da ako
dizajniramo stvari za odabranih nekoliko,
dizajniramo stvari za odabranih nekoliko,
01:33
eventually those technologies
will reach everyone,
will reach everyone,
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s vremenom će
te tehnologije doseći sve,
te tehnologije doseći sve,
01:35
and that's not always the case.
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a to nije uvijek slučaj.
01:37
Technology and innovation
behaves a lot like wealth and capital.
behaves a lot like wealth and capital.
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Tehnologija i inovacije
se ponašaju poprilično kao bogatstvo i kapital.
se ponašaju poprilično kao bogatstvo i kapital.
01:42
They tend to consolidate
in the hands of the few,
in the hands of the few,
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Teže se učvrstiti
u rukama nekolicine,
u rukama nekolicine,
01:44
and sometimes they find their way out
into the hands of the many.
into the hands of the many.
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a katkad nađu svoj put
van u ruke mnogih.
van u ruke mnogih.
01:48
And so most of you aren't tackling
oppressive regimes on the weekends,
oppressive regimes on the weekends,
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A kako većina vas ne ruši
tlačiteljske režime vikendima,
tlačiteljske režime vikendima,
01:53
so I wanted to think of a few examples
that might be a little bit more relatable.
that might be a little bit more relatable.
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htio sam smisliti nekoliko primjera
s kojima bi se lakše poistovjetili.
s kojima bi se lakše poistovjetili.
01:57
In the world of wearables
and smartphones and apps,
and smartphones and apps,
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U svijetu tehnike podesne za nošenje
i pametnih telefona i aplikacija,
i pametnih telefona i aplikacija,
02:02
there's a big movement
to track people's personal health
to track people's personal health
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postoji veliki pokret
za praćenje osobnog zdravlja ljudi
za praćenje osobnog zdravlja ljudi
02:05
with applications that track
the number of calories that you burn
the number of calories that you burn
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aplikacijama koje prate
broj kalorija koje izgorite
broj kalorija koje izgorite
02:08
or whether you're sitting too much
or walking enough.
or walking enough.
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ili sjedite li previše
ili hodate li dovoljno.
ili hodate li dovoljno.
02:13
These technologies make patient intake
in medical facilities much more efficient,
in medical facilities much more efficient,
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Te tehnologije čine unos pacijenata
u medicinske ustanove puno učinkovitijim,
u medicinske ustanove puno učinkovitijim,
02:19
and in turn, these medical facilities
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i zauzvrat, te su medicinske ustanove
02:23
are starting to expect
these types of efficiencies.
these types of efficiencies.
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počele očekivati
ovaj tip učinkovitosti.
ovaj tip učinkovitosti.
02:26
As these digital tools
find their way into medical rooms,
find their way into medical rooms,
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Kako ti digitalni alati
nalaze svoj put u bolničke sobe,
nalaze svoj put u bolničke sobe,
02:28
and they become digitally ready,
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i kako postaju digitalno spremni,
02:30
what happens to the digitally invisible?
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što se događa sa digitalno nevidljivima?
02:33
What does the medical experience look like
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Kako medicinsko iskustvo izgleda
02:35
for someone who doesn't have
the $400 phone or watch
the $400 phone or watch
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nekome tko nema
telefon ili sat od 400 dolara
telefon ili sat od 400 dolara
02:38
tracking their every movement?
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koji prate svaki njegov/njezin pokret?
02:40
Do they now become a burden
on the medical system?
on the medical system?
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Postaju li sad teret
medicinskom sustavu?
medicinskom sustavu?
02:43
Is their experience changed?
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Je li njihovo iskustvo promijenjeno?
02:46
In the world of finance,
Bitcoin and crypto-currencies
Bitcoin and crypto-currencies
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U svijetu financija,
Bitcoin i kripto-valute
Bitcoin i kripto-valute
02:49
are revolutionizing the way
we move money around the world,
we move money around the world,
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preokreću način
na koji premještamo novac širom svijeta,
na koji premještamo novac širom svijeta,
02:52
but the challenge with these technologies
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ali izazov s tim tehnologijama
02:54
is the barrier to entry
is incredibly high, right?
is incredibly high, right?
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je kako je prepreka za ulazak
nevjerojatno visoka, je li tako?
nevjerojatno visoka, je li tako?
02:57
You need access to the same
phones, devices, connectivity,
phones, devices, connectivity,
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Trebate pristup istim telefonima,
uređajima, povezivost,
uređajima, povezivost,
03:01
and even where you don't,
where you can find a proxy agent,
where you can find a proxy agent,
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a čak i gdje ne,
gdje možete naći zastupnika,
gdje možete naći zastupnika,
03:04
usually they require a certain amount
of capital to participate.
of capital to participate.
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obično traže određenu količinu
kapitala da sudjelujete.
kapitala da sudjelujete.
03:09
And so the question that I ask myself
is, what happens to the last community
is, what happens to the last community
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Tako da je pitanje koji si postavljam,
što će biti sa zadnjom zajednicom
što će biti sa zadnjom zajednicom
03:14
using paper notes when the rest
of the world moves to digital currency?
of the world moves to digital currency?
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koja koristi papirnate novčanice kada
ostatak svijeta pređe na digitalnu valutu?
ostatak svijeta pređe na digitalnu valutu?
03:20
Another example from my hometown
in Philadelphia:
in Philadelphia:
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Drugi je primjer
iz mojeg rodnog grada Philadelphije:
iz mojeg rodnog grada Philadelphije:
03:23
I recently went
to the public library there,
to the public library there,
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nedavno sam bio u javnoj knjižnici tamo,
03:25
and they are facing an existential crisis.
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i oni su suočeni s egzistencijalnom krizom.
03:27
Public funding is dwindling,
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Javno financiranje nestaje,
03:29
they have to reduce their footprint
to stay open and stay relevant,
to stay open and stay relevant,
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moraju smanjiti svoje rashode
da ostanu otvoreni i da ostanu relevantni,
da ostanu otvoreni i da ostanu relevantni,
03:34
and so one of the ways
they're going about this
they're going about this
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pa je tako jedan od načina
kako to planiraju učiniti
kako to planiraju učiniti
03:37
is digitizing a number of the books
and moving them to the cloud.
and moving them to the cloud.
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je digitalizirati dio knjiga
i prebaciti ih u oblak.
i prebaciti ih u oblak.
03:40
This is great for most kids. Right?
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To je odlično za većinu djece, je li tako?
03:42
You can check out books from home,
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Možete gledati knjige od kuće,
03:44
you can research on the way
to school or from school,
to school or from school,
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možete istraživati na putu
do škole ili od škole,
do škole ili od škole,
03:47
but these are really two big assumptions,
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ali tu su zapravo dvije velike pretpostavke,
03:49
that one, you have access at home,
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kako jedan, imate pristup od kuće,
03:51
and two, that you have access
to a mobile phone,
to a mobile phone,
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te dva, kako imate pristup
mobitelu,
mobitelu,
03:53
and in Philadelphia, many kids do not.
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a u Philadelphiji, brojna djeca nemaju.
03:56
So what does their
education experience look like
education experience look like
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Pa kako njihovo obrazovno iskustvo izgleda
03:59
in the wake of a completely
cloud-based library,
cloud-based library,
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u osvit posve na oblaku temeljene knjižnice,
04:03
what used to be considered
such a basic part of education?
such a basic part of education?
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koja se obično smatrala
tako temeljnim dijelom obrazovanja?
tako temeljnim dijelom obrazovanja?
04:06
How do they stay competitive?
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Kako će ona ostati u igri?
04:09
A final example from
across the world in East Africa:
across the world in East Africa:
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Zadnji primjer od preko svijeta
u istočnoj Africi:
u istočnoj Africi:
04:13
there's been a huge movement
to digitize land ownership rights,
to digitize land ownership rights,
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bio je ogroman pokret
kako bi se digitalizirala prava vlasništva nad zemljom,
kako bi se digitalizirala prava vlasništva nad zemljom,
04:18
for a number of reasons.
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radi različitih razloga.
04:20
Migrant communities,
older generations dying off,
older generations dying off,
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Putujuće zajednice,
odumiranje starih generacija,
odumiranje starih generacija,
04:23
and ultimately poor record-keeping
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te u konačnici slabo vođenje knjiga
04:25
have led to conflicts over who owns what.
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su dovele do konflikta tko posjeduje što.
04:29
And so there was a big movement
to put all this information online,
to put all this information online,
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I tako je došlo do velikog pokreta
da se sve te informacije stave online,
da se sve te informacije stave online,
04:33
to track all the ownership
of these plots of land,
of these plots of land,
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da se pronađe svo vlasništvo
nad tim zemljištima,
nad tim zemljištima,
04:37
put them in the cloud,
and give them to the communities.
and give them to the communities.
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da se stavi u oblak
te da se da zajednicama.
te da se da zajednicama.
04:40
But actually, the unintended
consequence of this
consequence of this
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Ali zapravo, nenamjerna
poslijedica toga
poslijedica toga
04:43
has been that venture capitalists,
investors, real estate developers,
investors, real estate developers,
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je bila da su hazarderi
ulagači, razvijači nekretnina,
ulagači, razvijači nekretnina,
04:47
have swooped in and they've begun
buying up these plots of land
buying up these plots of land
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pokuljali unutra i počeli
kupovati zemljišta
kupovati zemljišta
04:50
right out from under these communities,
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točno pod nogama tih zajednica,
04:52
because they have access
to the technologies
to the technologies
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jer su imali pristup
tehnologijama
tehnologijama
04:54
and the connectivity
that makes that possible.
that makes that possible.
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i povezivost
koja to čini mogućim.
koja to čini mogućim.
04:58
So that's the common thread
that connects these examples,
that connects these examples,
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I to je zajednička nit koja
povezuje te primjere,
povezuje te primjere,
05:01
the unintended consequences of the tools
and the technologies that we make.
and the technologies that we make.
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nenamjerne poslijedice alata
i tehnologija koje stvaramo.
i tehnologija koje stvaramo.
05:04
As engineers, as technologists,
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Kao inženjeri, kao tehnolozi,
05:07
we sometimes prefer
efficiency over efficacy.
efficiency over efficacy.
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ponekad dajemo prednost
učinkovitosti nad djelotvornosti.
učinkovitosti nad djelotvornosti.
05:11
We think more about doing things
than the outcomes of what we are doing.
than the outcomes of what we are doing.
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Razmišljamo više o činjenju stvari
nego o ishodima onoga što činimo.
nego o ishodima onoga što činimo.
05:15
This needs to change.
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To se mora promijeniti.
05:17
We have a responsibility to think about
the outcomes of the technologies we build,
the outcomes of the technologies we build,
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Imamo odgovornost da mislimo o
ishodima tehnologija koje stvaramo,
ishodima tehnologija koje stvaramo,
05:21
especially as they increasingly
control the world in which we live.
control the world in which we live.
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pogotovo stoga što one sve više
kontroliraju svijet u kojem živimo.
kontroliraju svijet u kojem živimo.
05:24
In the late '90s,
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U kasnim 90-ima,
05:26
there was a big push for ethics
in the world of investment and banking.
in the world of investment and banking.
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bio je velik pritisak za etikom
u svijetu ulaganja i bankarstva.
u svijetu ulaganja i bankarstva.
05:30
I think in 2014, we're long overdue
for a similar movement
for a similar movement
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Mislim da u 2014,
u velikom smo kašnjenju za istovjetan pokret
u velikom smo kašnjenju za istovjetan pokret
05:34
in the area of tech and technology.
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u području tehnologije.
05:38
So, I just encourage you, as you are all
thinking about the next big thing,
thinking about the next big thing,
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Dakle, samo vas ohrabrujem, dok svi
razmišljate o slijedećoj velikoj stvari,
razmišljate o slijedećoj velikoj stvari,
05:42
as entrepreneurs, as CEOs,
as engineers, as makers,
as engineers, as makers,
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kao poduzetnici, kao direktori,
kao inženjeri, kao stvaratelji,
kao inženjeri, kao stvaratelji,
05:47
that you think about
the unintended consequences
the unintended consequences
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da mislite o
nenamjernim poslijedicama
nenamjernim poslijedicama
05:51
of the things that you're building,
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stvari koje stvarate,
05:53
because the real innovation
is in finding ways to include everyone.
is in finding ways to include everyone.
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jer je prava inovacija
u pronalaženju načina kako uključiti sve.
u pronalaženju načina kako uključiti sve.
05:57
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
05:59
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jon Gosier - Investor, data scientist, entrepreneurJon Gosier is a serial tech entrepreneur and early-stage startup investor. In 2015, Time magazine listed him as one of the "12 New Faces of Black Leadership."
Why you should listen
Jon Gosier is an investor and data scientist. He's a partner at Third Cohort Capital, an early-stage tech startup investment fund. Prior to joining Third Cohort, he was the founder of Appfrica, which invests in Africa’s technology economy, D8A Group, a company that makes data science solutions, and Market Atlas, which is like the Bloomberg terminal for emerging market countries. In 2015, Gosier was listed by TIME Magazine as one of “12 New Faces of Black Leadership”, as well as “Most Influential Blacks in Technology” by Business Insider in 2013 and 2014 and among the "20 Angels Worth Knowing" by Black Enterprise Magazine.
Gosier is a Fellow and Senior Fellow at TED from 2009 to 2012 and a first-year participant at THNK, the Amsterdam School for Creative Leadership in the Netherlands. He's won the Knight News Challenge twice, once in 2011 for work in analysis at Ushahidi and again in 2012 for work creating ways of moving data between mobile phones without a central mobile network.
Jon Gosier | Speaker | TED.com