TEDxNewy
Peter Saul: Let's talk about dying
ピーター・サウル：死に方を話し合おう
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Readability: 3.4
1,072,759 views
「死ぬこと自体は変えられないが、『死を占拠』することはできる」というのはピーター・サウル博士の言葉です。終末期医療について希望を明確にすることを勧め、そのきっかけとなる２つの問いかけを提案しています。（TEDxNewy にて収録）
Peter Saul - Doctor, intensive care specialist
Over the past 35 years Peter Saul has been intimately involved in the dying process for over 4,000 patients. He is passionate about improving the ways we die. Full bio
Over the past 35 years Peter Saul has been intimately involved in the dying process for over 4,000 patients. He is passionate about improving the ways we die. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
Look, I had second thoughts, really,
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実はかなり迷いました
00:18
about whether I could talk about this
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皆さんのような元気な人達を前に
00:20
to such a vital and alive audience as you guys.
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こんな話をしてもいいものか
00:23
Then I remembered the quote from Gloria Steinem,
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グロリア・スタイネムの 言葉です
00:26
which goes,
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グロリア・スタイネムの 言葉です
00:27
"The truth will set you free,
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「真実は貴方を解放する
00:29
but first it will piss you off." (Laughter)
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しかし その前に
まず貴方を怒らせるだろう」
まず貴方を怒らせるだろう」
00:33
So -- (Laughter)
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ということで（笑）
00:35
So with that in mind, I'm going to set about
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それを念頭において お話しするのは
00:38
trying to do those things here,
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それを念頭において お話しするのは
00:39
and talk about dying in the 21st century.
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21世紀の死です
00:41
Now the first thing that will piss you off, undoubtedly,
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腹の立つ真実の一つ目は
00:43
is that all of us are, in fact, going to die
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私達はみんな21世紀中に
00:46
in the 21st century.
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死ぬこと
00:47
There will be no exceptions to that.
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例外はありません
00:50
There are, apparently, about one in eight of you
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調査によると８人に一人は
00:52
who think you're immortal, on surveys, but --
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不死身だと思っていますが
00:55
(Laughter)
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（笑）
00:57
Unfortunately, that isn't going to happen.
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残念ながら
そういう訳には行きません
そういう訳には行きません
01:01
While I give this talk, in the next 10 minutes,
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今から10分間
私が話す間にも
私が話す間にも
01:03
a hundred million of my cells will die,
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１億もの細胞が死んでいき
01:07
and over the course of today, 2,000 of my brain cells
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今日中に２千の脳細胞が
01:09
will die and never come back,
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死んでしまうので
01:11
so you could argue that the dying process
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死の過程は早くから 始まると言えます
01:13
starts pretty early in the piece.
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死の過程は早くから 始まると言えます
01:16
Anyway, the second thing I want to say about dying in the
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21世紀の死について
２つ目は
２つ目は
01:18
21st century, apart from it's going to happen to everybody,
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死は不可避である上に
01:20
is it's shaping up to be a bit of a train wreck
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やや悲惨な様相を 呈していることです
01:23
for most of us,
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やや悲惨な様相を 呈していることです
01:25
unless we do something to try and reclaim this process
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容赦ない軌道に乗っている
死の過程を
死の過程を
01:28
from the rather inexorable trajectory that it's currently on.
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改善しなければならない
01:32
So there you go. That's the truth.
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それが真実です
01:33
No doubt that will piss you off, and now let's see
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頭には来ますが
01:35
whether we can set you free. I don't promise anything.
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自由にはなれるでしょうか
01:38
Now, as you heard in the intro, I work in intensive care,
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集中治療が私の仕事です
01:40
and I think I've kind of lived through the heyday
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集中治療の全盛期を経験しました
01:44
of intensive care. It's been a ride, man.
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色々なことがあって
01:46
This has been fantastic.
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最高でした
01:47
We have machines that go ping.
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モニターとか音の鳴る機械が
01:48
There's many of them up there.
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たくさんある職場です
01:50
And we have some wizard technology which I think
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すごい技術のおかげで
01:53
has worked really well, and over the course of the time
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私が働き始めてから
01:55
I've worked in intensive care, the death rate
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オーストラリア男性の死亡率が
01:58
for males in Australia has halved,
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半減しました
02:00
and intensive care has had something to do with that.
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集中治療の成果です
02:02
Certainly, a lot of the technologies that we use
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さまざまな技術を駆使した
02:04
have got something to do with that.
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おかげでもあります
02:06
So we have had tremendous success, and we kind of
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大変な成功を収めて
02:08
got caught up in our own success quite a bit,
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すっかり浮かれてしまい
02:11
and we started using expressions like "lifesaving."
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「救命」などという言葉を
使い始めてしまいました
使い始めてしまいました
02:14
I really apologize to everybody for doing that,
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誤解を招いたことを
02:16
because obviously, we don't.
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お詫びします
02:18
What we do is prolong people's lives,
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私達がするのは延命で
02:20
and delay death,
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死を先延ばしにし
02:22
and redirect death, but we can't, strictly speaking,
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遠回りさせる事は出来ても
02:25
save lives on any sort of permanent basis.
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永続的な救命は
できないのです
できないのです
02:28
And what's really happened over the period of time
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集中治療で働いていて
02:30
that I've been working in intensive care is that
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目の当たりにしていることですが
02:33
the people whose lives we started saving back in the '70s,
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70年代から90年代にかけて
02:36
'80s, and '90s, are now coming to die in the 21st century
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私達が命を救った人達は
21世紀になって
21世紀になって
02:41
of diseases that we no longer have the answers to
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当時とは違う
解決策のない病気で
解決策のない病気で
02:44
in quite the way we did then.
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死んでいこうとしています
02:47
So what's happening now is there's been a big shift
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人の死に方に
大きな変化が
大きな変化が
02:49
in the way that people die,
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起きているのです
02:50
and most of what they're dying of now isn't as amenable
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現在の死因の多くは
02:53
to what we can do as what it used to be like
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80年代や90年代のように
02:56
when I was doing this in the '80s and '90s.
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治療が可能なものではありません
02:59
So we kind of got a bit caught up with this,
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この対応に追われていて
03:02
and we haven't really squared with you guys about
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いま何が起こっているのか
03:05
what's really happening now, and it's about time we did.
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きちんと説明していませんでした
03:09
I kind of woke up to this bit in the late '90s
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90年代後半にこの人に出会って
03:13
when I met this guy.
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目が覚めました
03:15
This guy is called Jim, Jim Smith, and he looked like this.
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彼の名前は
ジム・スミスといいます
ジム・スミスといいます
03:19
I was called down to the ward to see him.
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細い方が彼の手です
03:22
His is the little hand.
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彼の様子を見るよう
03:24
I was called down to the ward to see him
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呼吸科医に
03:25
by a respiratory physician.
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呼ばれました
03:26
He said, "Look, there's a guy down here.
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「肺炎に罹った患者がいる
03:28
He's got pneumonia,
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「肺炎に罹った患者がいる
03:30
and he looks like he needs intensive care.
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集中治療が必要だ
03:33
His daughter's here and she wants everything possible
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娘さんは あらゆる手を
03:35
to be done."
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尽くしてくれと言っている」
03:37
Which is a familiar phrase to us.
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私達には聞き慣れた言葉です
03:40
So I go down to the ward and see Jim,
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病室に様子を見に行くと
03:42
and his skin his translucent like this.
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皮膚が透けて
03:43
You can see his bones through the skin.
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骨が見えるほどです
03:46
He's very, very thin,
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やせ細って
03:47
and he is, indeed, very sick with pneumonia,
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重度の肺炎に罹っていました
03:50
and he's too sick to talk to me,
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話は無理なので
03:52
so I talk to his daughter Kathleen, and I say to her,
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娘のキャスリーンに向かって
こう聞きました
こう聞きました
03:57
"Did you and Jim ever talk about
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「こういう状況になった時
04:00
what you would want done
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どうしたいのか
04:02
if he ended up in this kind of situation?"
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話し合ったことは？」
04:04
And she looked at me and said, "No, of course not!"
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彼女は私を見て
「ある訳ないでしょう！」
「ある訳ないでしょう！」
04:07
I thought, "Okay. Take this steady."
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「落ち着かせなきゃ」と思いました
04:13
And I got talking to her, and after a while, she said to me,
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しばらくして
彼女はこう言いました
彼女はこう言いました
04:15
"You know, we always thought there'd be time."
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「まだ先のことだと思ってた」
04:18
Jim was 94. (Laughter)
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ジムは94歳でした
（笑）
（笑）
04:22
And I realized that something wasn't happening here.
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それで気づきました
何かが欠けている
何かが欠けている
04:25
There wasn't this dialogue going on
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あるはずの
04:26
that I imagined was happening.
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対話が持たれていない
04:29
So a group of us started doing survey work,
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そこで調査を始めて
04:32
and we looked at four and a half thousand nursing home
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ニューカッスル周辺の
04:34
residents in Newcastle, in the Newcastle area,
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養護施設に住む
4,500人に当たりました
4,500人に当たりました
04:37
and discovered that only one in a hundred of them
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心停止の際のプランがあるのは
04:40
had a plan about what to do when their hearts stopped beating.
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100人のうち１人だけでした
04:43
One in a hundred.
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100人中１人ですよ
04:44
And only one in 500 of them had plan about what to do
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重体になった際
どうするか考えている人は
どうするか考えている人は
04:48
if they became seriously ill.
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500人中たったの１人だけ
04:51
And I realized, of course, this dialogue
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この対話は社会全般では
04:54
is definitely not occurring in the public at large.
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全くなされていない
と気がつきました
と気がつきました
04:58
Now, I work in acute care.
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現職は救急医療です
05:00
This is John Hunter Hospital.
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ジョン・ハンター病院です
05:02
And I thought, surely, we do better than that.
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我々の病院ではこんなはずではないと
05:06
So a colleague of mine from nursing called Lisa Shaw and I
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同僚のリサ・ショウと一緒に
05:09
went through hundreds and hundreds of sets of notes
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何百もの診療記録を
05:11
in the medical records department
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調べました
05:13
looking at whether there was any sign at all
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受けている治療が効かず
05:15
that anybody had had any conversation about
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死ぬ可能性がある場合
05:18
what might happen to them if the treatment they were
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患者の希望を話し合ったような
05:19
receiving was unsuccessful to the point that they would die.
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会話の記録を探しましたが
05:23
And we didn't find a single record of any preference
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医師や患者が始めた記録の
どこにも
どこにも
05:26
about goals, treatments or outcomes from any
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目標や治療や成果についての
05:30
of the sets of notes initiated by a doctor or by a patient.
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希望は一つも
書いてありませんでした
書いてありませんでした
05:34
So we started to realize
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これは問題だと
05:37
that we had a problem,
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やっと気づきました
05:39
and the problem is more serious because of this.
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問題は更に深刻です
というのも
というのも
05:44
What we know is that obviously we are all going to die,
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誰でも死ぬ事は知っていますが
05:47
but how we die is actually really important,
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死に方も大切だからです
05:50
obviously not just to us, but also to how that
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本人だけでなく
先立たれた人達の
先立たれた人達の
05:54
features in the lives of all the people who live on afterwards.
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人生にも影響するからです
05:57
How we die lives on in the minds of everybody
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残された人達の心に
05:59
who survives us, and
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死に様が生き続けるのです
06:02
the stress created in families by dying is enormous,
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死による
家族のストレスは甚大で
家族のストレスは甚大で
06:06
and in fact you get seven times as much stress by dying
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集中治療室で死ぬ場合のストレスは
06:09
in intensive care as by dying just about anywhere else,
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他で死ぬ場合の７倍です
06:11
so dying in intensive care is not your top option
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選べるなら 集中治療室では
06:14
if you've got a choice.
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死なない方がいい
06:17
And, if that wasn't bad enough, of course,
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ところが残念ながら
06:19
all of this is rapidly progressing towards the fact that
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集中治療室で死ぬ人は
急速に増えていて
急速に増えていて
06:22
many of you, in fact, about one in 10 of you at this point,
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10人に一人は集中治療室で
06:24
will die in intensive care.
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死ぬことになりそうです
06:26
In the U.S., it's one in five.
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アメリカでは
06:27
In Miami, it's three out of five people die in intensive care.
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５人に一人
マイアミは５人に３人
マイアミは５人に３人
06:31
So this is the sort of momentum
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そういう勢いです
06:33
that we've got at the moment.
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これが現状です
06:35
The reason why this is all happening is due to this,
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その理由はこれです
06:37
and I do have to take you through what this is about.
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説明しましょう
06:39
These are the four ways to go.
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４つの死に方です
06:41
So one of these will happen to all of us.
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誰もがこの一つで死にます
06:44
The ones you may know most about are the ones
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よくご存知なのは
06:46
that are becoming increasingly of historical interest:
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その重要性が
過去のものとなりつつある
過去のものとなりつつある
06:49
sudden death.
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突然死でしょう
06:50
It's quite likely in an audience this size
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ここにいる位の人数だと
06:52
this won't happen to anybody here.
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突然死する人はいません
06:54
Sudden death has become very rare.
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突然死は稀になりました
06:56
The death of Little Nell and Cordelia and all that sort of stuff
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悲劇のヒロインのような死は
06:59
just doesn't happen anymore.
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もう起きません
07:00
The dying process of those with terminal illness
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この末期疾患の
07:03
that we've just seen
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死に方は
07:04
occurs to younger people.
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若い人に多く
07:05
By the time you've reached 80, this is unlikely to happen to you.
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80歳以上では少ないです
07:08
Only one in 10 people who are over 80 will die of cancer.
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80歳以上で癌で死ぬのは
10人に一人だけ
10人に一人だけ
07:12
The big growth industry are these.
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大幅に増加している
死因はこちらです
死因はこちらです
07:16
What you die of is increasing organ failure,
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臓器不全で死ぬ人が増えています
07:20
with your respiratory, cardiac, renal,
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呼吸器 心臓 腎臓など
07:22
whatever organs packing up. Each of these
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臓器の機能が止まったら
07:24
would be an admission to an acute care hospital,
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救急病院に入院です
07:26
at the end of which, or at some point during which,
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そして もう十分だと言われるまで
07:28
somebody says, enough is enough, and we stop.
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治療を続けます
07:30
And this one's the biggest growth industry of all,
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そして これが最大の成長分野
07:33
and at least six out of 10 of the people in this room
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今日お集まりの10人中６人は
07:36
will die in this form, which is
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これが理由で死にます
07:38
the dwindling of capacity
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衰弱がひどくなることに伴う
07:42
with increasing frailty,
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身体能力の衰えです
07:44
and frailty's an inevitable part of aging,
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衰えは老化において
避けられませんが
避けられませんが
07:47
and increasing frailty is in fact the main thing
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だんだん衰弱することが
07:49
that people die of now,
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現代人の主な死因です
07:50
and the last few years, or the last year of your life
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残念ながら晩年は
07:52
is spent with a great deal of disability, unfortunately.
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かなりの障害をもって
過ごすことになります
過ごすことになります
07:56
Enjoying it so far? (Laughs)
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楽しんでます？（笑）
08:00
(Laughter)
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（笑）
08:03
Sorry, I just feel such a, I feel such a Cassandra here.
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悲劇の預言者みたいな気分だ
08:06
(Laughter)
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（笑）
08:11
What can I say that's positive? What's positive is
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明るい話をしましょう
08:13
that this is happening at very great age, now.
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衰弱するほど高齢まで
08:15
We are all, most of us, living to reach this point.
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長生きする人が多いということです
08:18
You know, historically, we didn't do that.
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昔は違いました
08:20
This is what happens to you
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長生きすれば
08:21
when you live to be a great age,
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こういう死に方になるのです
08:24
and unfortunately, increasing longevity does mean
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延びるのは老年期だけで
08:25
more old age, not more youth.
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若年期は増えません
08:27
I'm sorry to say that. (Laughter)
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残念な事ですが（笑）
08:33
What we did, anyway, look, what we did,
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私たち病院などの関係者は
08:35
we didn't just take this lying down
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死についての問題を
08:37
at John Hunter Hospital and elsewhere.
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見過ごしませんでした
08:38
We've started a whole series of projects
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不測の事態の備えに
08:40
to try and look about whether we could, in fact, involve
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もっと関わってもらおうと
08:43
people much more in the way that things happen to them.
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一連のプロジェクトを
始めました
始めました
08:46
But we realized, of course, that we are dealing
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もちろん
08:48
with cultural issues,
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文化上の問題も承知でした
08:50
and this is, I love this Klimt painting,
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クリムトの絵です
08:52
because the more you look at it, the more you kind of get
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よく見ると 本質的なことが
08:54
the whole issue that's going on here,
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2019
描かれています
つまり―
つまり―
08:56
which is clearly the separation of death from the living,
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生と死は
はっきり分かれるということ
はっきり分かれるということ
09:00
and the fear — Like, if you actually look,
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そして恐怖
09:01
there's one woman there
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目を開けた
09:03
who has her eyes open.
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女性がいます
09:05
She's the one he's looking at,
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死神は彼女を
09:06
and [she's] the one he's coming for. Can you see that?
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狙っています
見えますか？
見えますか？
09:10
She looks terrified.
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彼女は怯えている
09:11
It's an amazing picture.
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素晴らしい絵です
09:13
Anyway, we had a major cultural issue.
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ともかく文化上の理由で
09:15
Clearly, people didn't want us to talk about death,
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1984
人は死の話を聞きたがらない
09:17
or, we thought that.
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1495
そう予想しました
09:18
So with loads of funding from the Federal Government
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543019
1947
そこで政府と公共医療機関から
09:20
and the local Health Service, we introduced a thing
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544966
1420
予算をもらい
09:22
at John Hunter called Respecting Patient Choices.
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2898
我々の病院で
事前ケア計画を導入しました
事前ケア計画を導入しました
09:25
We trained hundreds of people to go to the wards
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研修を受けた数百人が
09:28
and talk to people about the fact that they would die,
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病棟を訪ね
患者たちに死の話をして
患者たちに死の話をして
09:31
and what would they prefer under those circumstances.
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2286
終末期の希望を聞きました
09:33
They loved it. The families and the patients, they loved it.
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患者も家族も大変喜びました
09:36
Ninety-eight percent of people really thought
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98％がこれを
普通の診療として
普通の診療として
09:39
this just should have been normal practice,
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1454
あるべき形と
09:40
and that this is how things should work.
224
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2383
思ってくれました
09:43
And when they expressed wishes,
225
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1938
伝えられた希望は
09:45
all of those wishes came true, as it were.
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1973
全て叶いました
09:47
We were able to make that happen for them.
227
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1980
実現できたのです
09:49
But then, when the funding ran out,
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2250
しかし予算が底をつき
09:51
we went back to look six months later,
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2085
半年後に確認したら
09:53
and everybody had stopped again,
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打ち切りになっていました
09:55
and nobody was having these conversations anymore.
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3193
誰もこの対話をしなくなり
09:58
So that was really kind of heartbreaking for us,
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2053
とても残念なことでした
10:01
because we thought this was going to really take off.
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2717
うまくいくと思ったのに
10:03
The cultural issue had reasserted itself.
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死を嫌う文化の問題は
根強かったんです
根強かったんです
10:07
So here's the pitch:
235
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1155
本題です
10:08
I think it's important that we don't just get on this freeway
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4086
ICU行きの高速に
乗ってもいいのか
乗ってもいいのか
10:12
to ICU without thinking hard about whether or not
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真剣に考えることが
10:15
that's where we all want to end up,
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1793
とても大切です
10:17
particularly as we become older and increasingly frail
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2136
老い衰えるほど
10:19
and ICU has less and less and less to offer us.
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ICUで出来る事は少ないのです
10:23
There has to be a little side road
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その道を望まない
10:25
off there for people who don't want to go on that track.
242
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人達のための
横道がないといけません
横道がないといけません
10:29
And I have one small idea,
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2636
将来に関して 私には
10:32
and one big idea about what could happen.
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小さいアイデアと
大きなアイデアがあります
大きなアイデアがあります
10:36
And this is the small idea.
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小さい方は
10:37
The small idea is, let's all of us
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ジェイソンの提案のように
10:40
engage more with this in the way that Jason has illustrated.
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ローテクな方法で
参加しましょう
参加しましょう
10:44
Why can't we have these kinds of conversations
248
628796
2053
こういう会話を
10:46
with our own elders
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1321
お年寄りや
10:48
and people who might be approaching this?
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632170
2790
死が近い人と持ちましょう
10:50
There are a couple of things you can do.
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634960
1834
できる事が２つ
10:52
One of them is, you can,
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2131
１つ目はシンプルで
10:54
just ask this simple question. This question never fails.
253
638925
2914
誰でもできる
失敗のない問いかけです
失敗のない問いかけです
10:57
"In the event that you became too sick to speak for yourself,
254
641839
3755
「重体で意思伝達が
できなくなったら
できなくなったら
11:01
who would you like to speak for you?"
255
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2933
誰に代弁してほしいですか？」
11:04
That's a really important question to ask people,
256
648527
1914
大事な質問です
11:06
because giving people the control over who that is
257
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2023
誰に代弁を頼むかという決定権を
11:08
produces an amazing outcome.
258
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3308
本人が持つことで
結果が違ってきますからね
結果が違ってきますからね
11:11
The second thing you can say is,
259
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1146
２つ目は
11:12
"Have you spoken to that person
260
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1498
「何が大切か
11:14
about the things that are important to you
261
658416
1920
私達にも伝わるよう
11:16
so that we've got a better idea of what it is we can do?"
262
660336
4154
代弁者の方に
言い残してありますか？」
言い残してありますか？」
11:20
So that's the little idea.
263
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2522
それが小さいアイデアです
11:22
The big idea, I think, is more political.
264
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1494
大きい方は
11:24
I think we have to get onto this.
265
668506
1951
皆で力を合わせて
11:26
I suggested we should have Occupy Death.
266
670457
3062
「死を占拠」するべきです
11:29
(Laughter)
267
673519
2785
（笑）
11:32
My wife said, "Yeah, right, sit-ins in the mortuary.
268
676304
2570
妻は「あーはいはい
11:34
Yeah, yeah. Sure." (Laughter)
269
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2579
死体安置所で座り込みね」（笑）
11:37
So that one didn't really run,
270
681453
1865
そうは行きませんでしたが
11:39
but I was very struck by this.
271
683318
1670
ピンと来ました
11:40
Now, I'm an aging hippie.
272
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1713
実は 私はヒッピーです
11:42
I don't know, I don't think I look like that anymore, but
273
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2497
この歳ではそう見えないでしょうが
11:45
I had, two of my kids were born at home in the '80s
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689198
2500
うちの子達は
80年代に 当時話題だった
80年代に 当時話題だった
11:47
when home birth was a big thing, and we baby boomers
275
691698
3468
自宅出産で生まれました
ベビーブーマー世代なので
ベビーブーマー世代なので
11:51
are used to taking charge of the situation,
276
695166
2696
何でも自分主導でやりたくて
11:53
so if you just replace all these words of birth,
277
697862
3398
あの頃の「誕生」を
「死」に置き換えるわけです
「死」に置き換えるわけです
11:57
I like "Peace, Love, Natural Death" as an option.
278
701260
3081
「平和 愛 自然死」
なんていいと思います
なんていいと思います
12:00
I do think we have to get political
279
704341
1516
現行の医療重視の
12:01
and start to reclaim this process from
280
705857
2598
モデルからプロセスを
12:04
the medicalized model in which it's going.
281
708455
1967
取り戻すべきです
12:06
Now, listen, that sounds like a pitch for euthanasia.
282
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2040
安楽死肯定に聞こえるが
12:08
I want to make it absolutely crystal clear to you all,
283
712462
2192
はっきり言います
12:10
I hate euthanasia. I think it's a sideshow.
284
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2664
安楽死は大嫌いです
12:13
I don't think euthanasia matters.
285
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2187
実際大した問題でもないと
12:15
I actually think that,
286
719505
2151
思っています
12:17
in places like Oregon,
287
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2549
医師のほう助による
12:20
where you can have physician-assisted suicide,
288
724205
3472
自殺ができる
オレゴン州でも
オレゴン州でも
12:23
you take a poisonous dose of stuff,
289
727677
2217
毒を摂取するのは
12:25
only half a percent of people ever do that.
290
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1876
0.5％の人だけです
12:27
I'm more interested in what happens to the 99.5 percent
291
731770
2706
99.5%は
それを望まなかった
それを望まなかった
12:30
of people who don't want to do that.
292
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1756
私はそちらに興味があります
12:32
I think most people don't want to be dead,
293
736232
2334
人は死にたくないが
12:34
but I do think most people want to have some control
294
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2097
自分の死の過程は
12:36
over how their dying process proceeds.
295
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自分でコントロールしたい
12:39
So I'm an opponent of euthanasia,
296
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1140
安楽死には反対です
12:40
but I do think we have to give people back some control.
297
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2653
本人に決定権を戻すべきです
12:43
It deprives euthanasia of its oxygen supply.
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そうすることで
安楽死を廃止するのです
安楽死を廃止するのです
12:46
I think we should be looking at stopping
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750671
1352
安楽死が必要だという考えを
12:47
the want for euthanasia,
300
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1039
安楽死が必要だという考えを
12:48
not for making it illegal or legal or worrying about it at all.
301
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4695
なくすべきです
違法か合法かは問題ではありません
違法か合法かは問題ではありません
12:53
This is a quote from Dame Cicely Saunders,
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学生の時に出会った
シシリー・ソンダース博士の
シシリー・ソンダース博士の
12:57
whom I met when I was a medical student.
303
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1369
言葉です
12:58
She founded the hospice movement.
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2879
ホスピス活動創始者です
13:01
And she said, "You matter because you are,
305
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2191
「貴方は貴方ゆえ大切なのです
13:03
and you matter to the last moment of your life."
306
767772
2522
貴方の人生の
最後の瞬間まで大切です」
最後の瞬間まで大切です」
13:06
And I firmly believe that
307
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2257
このメッセージを
13:08
that's the message that we have to carry forward.
308
772551
3086
推進すべきと
固く信じています
固く信じています
13:11
Thank you. (Applause)
309
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3019
ありがとう（拍手）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Peter Saul - Doctor, intensive care specialistOver the past 35 years Peter Saul has been intimately involved in the dying process for over 4,000 patients. He is passionate about improving the ways we die.
Why you should listen
Dr. Peter Saul is a Senior Intensive Care specialist in the adult and pediatric ICU at John Hunter Hospital, and Director of Intensive Care at Newcastle Private Hospital in Australia. After spending time as the Head of Discipline for Medical Ethics at Newcastle University, he is now a leading adviser to the State and Federal health departments.
Peter Saul | Speaker | TED.com