TEDxFiDiWomen
Jackson Katz: Violence against women -- it's a men's issue
ジャクソン・カッツ: ジャクソン・カッツ：女性への暴力―男の問題
Filmed:
Readability: 4.2
2,252,948 views
DVや性的虐待はしばしば「女性の問題」と呼ばれる。しかしジャクソン・カッツは大胆かつ率直に、これらの問題は本質的に男性の問題だと指摘し、こうした暴力的な振る舞いがいかに男らしさの定義と結びついているかを示す。男女問わずすべての人に対し、こうした暴力を許さない態度を取り、変化を起こすリーダーとなれと高らかに呼びかけている。
Jackson Katz - Anti-sexism educator
Jackson Katz asks a very important question that gets at the root of why sexual abuse, rape and domestic abuse remain a problem: What's going on with men? Full bio
Jackson Katz asks a very important question that gets at the root of why sexual abuse, rape and domestic abuse remain a problem: What's going on with men? Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
これから
00:12
I'm going to share with you
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00:13
a paradigm-shifting perspective
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ジェンダー・バイオレンス…
00:15
on the issues of gender violence --
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つまり 性的暴行 DV
00:17
sexual assault, domestic violence, relationship abuse,
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セクハラ 性的虐待等の問題への
00:20
sexual harassment, sexual abuse of children.
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革新的視点をお見せします
00:22
That whole range of issues that I'll refer to in shorthand
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「ジェンダー・バイオレンス」は
00:24
as "gender violence issues,"
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総じて こう捉えられてきた
00:26
they've been seen as women's issues that some good men
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「善き男性が助けるべき女性の問題」
00:29
help out with, but I have a problem with that frame
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でも 私は正しいと思えない
00:32
and I don't accept it.
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受け入れられない
00:33
I don't see these as women's issues that some good men help out with.
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「善き男性が助けるべき女性の問題」ではない
00:36
In fact, I'm going to argue that these are men's issues,
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何よりもまず問題があるのは
00:38
first and foremost.
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男性の方なのです
00:40
(Applause)
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(拍手)
00:43
Now obviously, they're also women's issues,
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女性の問題でもある
00:45
so I appreciate that, but calling
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それはわかる でもこの問題を
00:48
gender violence a women's issue is part of the problem,
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女性の問題だと言う事自体
00:50
for a number of reasons.
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問題の一部なのです
00:52
The first is that it gives men an excuse not to pay attention.
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まず 男性が気にしなくなる
00:55
Right? A lot of men hear the term "women's issues"
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「女性の問題」と聞けば男は
00:57
and we tend to tune it out, and we think,
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それを頭から追い払う
00:59
"Hey, I'm a guy. That's for the girls," or "That's for the women."
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「俺は男だ 女の子の問題なんか」とね
01:01
And a lot of men literally don't get beyond the first sentence
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そして 文字通り一歩も先に
01:04
as a result.
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進まなくなるのです
01:06
It's almost like a chip in our brain is activated,
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まるで「女性の問題」と聞くと―
01:08
and the neural pathways take our attention in a different direction
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頭の中のチップが神経回路に命じ
01:11
when we hear the term "women's issues."
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違う方向を向かせるように
01:13
This is also true, by the way, of the word "gender,"
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「ジェンダー」と聞いても同じ
01:15
because a lot of people hear the word "gender"
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そう聞くと 多くの人が
01:17
and they think it means "women."
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「女性」という意味だと思う
01:19
So they think that gender issues is synonymous with women's issues.
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「ジェンダーの問題」とは「女性の問題」だと
01:23
There's some confusion about the term gender.
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用法が混乱しているのです
01:25
And actually, let me illustrate that confusion by way of analogy.
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アナロジーでこの混乱を説明します
01:28
So let's talk for a moment about race.
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人種の話をしましょう
01:29
In the U.S., when we hear the word "race,"
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米国で「人種」と聞けば
01:31
a lot of people think that means African-American,
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「アフリカ系アメリカ人」
01:34
Latino, Asian-American, Native American,
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「ラテン系」「アジア系」「ネイティブ」
01:36
South Asian, Pacific Islander, on and on.
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「南アジア系」「太平洋諸島系」その他だと思う
01:40
A lot of people, when they hear the word "sexual orientation"
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「性的指向」と聞けばそれは
01:42
think it means gay, lesbian, bisexual.
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「同性愛者」「両性愛者」の事だと思う
01:45
And a lot of people, when they hear the word "gender,"
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「ジェンダー」と聞けば
01:47
think it means women. In each case,
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それは女性の事
01:49
the dominant group doesn't get paid attention to.
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誰も支配層の事は気にしない
01:51
Right? As if white people don't have some sort of racial identity
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人種的なアイデンティティや
01:54
or belong to some racial category or construct,
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カテゴリー 概念等白人にはなく
01:58
as if heterosexual people don't have a sexual orientation,
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異性愛者に性的指向はなく
02:01
as if men don't have a gender.
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男性にジェンダーはないようだ
02:03
This is one of the ways that dominant systems maintain
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こうして支配のシステムは
02:06
and reproduce themselves, which is to say
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維持・再生産されるつまり―
02:08
the dominant group is rarely challenged to even think about its dominance,
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安定した支配層は自分の優位に無自覚
02:11
because that's one of the key characteristics
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権力と特権の特徴とは
02:13
of power and privilege, the ability to go unexamined,
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考察の対象にならないという点
02:16
lacking introspection, in fact being rendered invisible
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内省する事のない不可視の存在である事
02:20
in large measure in the discourse
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私達が抱える主な問題は
02:22
about issues that are primarily about us.
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大体がそうなのです
02:25
And this is amazing how this works
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DVや性暴力でも
02:27
in domestic and sexual violence,
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見事なほどに
02:28
how men have been largely erased from so much
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男性について語られる事は
02:31
of the conversation about a subject
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ほぼありません
02:32
that is centrally about men.
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問題の中心は男性なのに
02:35
And I'm going to illustrate what I'm talking about
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これから古いやり方で
02:37
by using the old tech.
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説明します
02:38
I'm old school on some fundamental regards.
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基本的な所では古い人間なので
02:41
I work with -- I make films -- and I work with high tech,
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映画作りではハイテクを使います
02:44
but I'm still old school as an educator,
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教師としては旧式です
02:46
and I want to share with you this exercise
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このエクササイズで分かるのは
02:49
that illustrates on the sentence structure level
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文構造のレベルで
02:52
how the way that we think,
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私たちの考え方
02:54
literally the way that we use language,
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言葉の選び方が
02:56
conspires to keep our attention off of men.
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いかに男性を無視するか
02:59
This is about domestic violence in particular,
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エクササイズのテーマはDV
03:01
but you can plug in other analogues.
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でも 他の問題にもあてはめられます
03:04
This comes from the work of the feminist linguist Julia Penelope.
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言語学者 ペネロープ氏の研究成果です
03:07
It starts with a very basic English sentence:
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非常に基本的な文があります
03:09
"John beat Mary."
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「ジョンがメアリーを殴った」
03:13
That's a good English sentence.
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問題ない英語です
03:14
John is the subject. Beat is the verb.
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「ジョン」は主語「殴った」は動詞
03:16
Mary is the object. Good sentence.
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「メアリー」は目的語
03:18
Now we're going to move to the second sentence,
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次の文に進みましょう
03:20
which says the same thing in the passive voice.
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同じ事を受動態で言っています
03:23
"Mary was beaten by John."
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「メアリーはジョンに殴られた」という文です こうすると―
03:29
And now a whole lot has happened in one sentence.
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文はがらりと変わります
03:32
We've gone from "John beat Mary"
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「ジョンは殴った」から
03:34
to "Mary was beaten by John."
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「メアリーは殴られた」へ
03:36
We've shifted our focus in one sentence from John to Mary,
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焦点がジョンからメアリーになった
03:39
and you can see John is very close to the end of the sentence,
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ジョンは文末に近づいて
03:42
well, close to dropping off the map of our psychic plain.
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私達の頭から消えそうです
03:45
The third sentence, John is dropped,
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三番目の文で彼は消えます
03:47
and we have, "Mary was beaten,"
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その文は「メアリーは殴られた」
03:50
and now it's all about Mary.
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主題はメアリーのみ
03:52
We're not even thinking about John. It's totally focused on Mary.
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ジョンの事は考えもしない
03:55
Over the past generation, the term we've used
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昔は「殴られた」ではなく
03:56
synonymous with "beaten" is "battered,"
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「ぶちのめされた」と言った
03:58
so we have "Mary was battered."
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だから こう言える「メアリーがぶちのめされた」
04:03
And the final sentence in this sequence,
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これまでのものに続く
04:05
flowing from the others, is,
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最後の文とは
04:07
"Mary is a battered woman."
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「メアリーはぶちのめされる女だ」
04:09
So now Mary's very identity -- Mary is a battered woman --
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「ぶちのめされる女である」という彼女のアイデンティティは
04:16
is what was done to her by John in the first instance.
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最初の文でジョンにされた事です
04:19
But we've demonstrated that John has long ago left the conversation.
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そして 彼は話題から消えて久しい
04:22
Now, those of us who work in the domestic and sexual violence
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DVや性暴力に関する仕事だと
04:25
field know that victim-blaming is pervasive in this realm,
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被害者を責める傾向があると分かる
04:28
which is to say, blaming the person to whom something was done
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何かをした人ではなくされた人を
04:31
rather than the person who did it.
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責めるという事です
04:32
And we say things like, why do these women go out with these men?
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「何であんな男と出歩くんだ？」
04:34
Why are they attracted to these men?
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「何であんな男がいい？」
04:35
Why do they keep going back? What was she wearing at that party?
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「何で出て行かない？」「何を着てた？」
04:38
What a stupid thing to do. Why was she drinking
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「ホテルの部屋で
04:40
with that group of guys in that hotel room?
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男たちと飲むなんて何てバカだ」
04:43
This is victim blaming, and there are numerous reasons for it,
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被害者を責める理由はいろいろですが
04:46
but one of them is that our whole cognitive structure
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1つには人間の認識構造は
04:48
is set up to blame victims. This is all unconscious.
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疑問を抱くよう できている為
04:51
Our whole cognitive structure is set up to ask questions
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無意識に問うのです
04:52
about women and women's choices and what they're doing,
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女性の事 彼女の選択何をしていたか
04:55
thinking, and wearing.
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何を考え何を着ていたかを
04:57
And I'm not going to shout down people who ask questions
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「やめろ」とは言いません
04:59
about women, okay? It's a legitimate thing to ask.
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女性の事を訊いても合法ですから
05:01
But's let's be clear: Asking questions about Mary
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でも はっきりさせましょう
05:04
is not going to get us anywhere in terms of preventing violence.
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それでは暴力は防止できない
05:06
We have to ask a different set of questions.
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違う質問をしなければ
05:09
You can see where I'm going with this, right?
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もう お分かりですね
05:10
The questions are not about Mary. They're about John.
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メアリーではなくジョンについてです
05:14
The questions include things like, why does John beat Mary?
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なぜ ジョンはメアリーを殴るのか？
05:17
Why is domestic violence still a big problem
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なぜ DVは未だに
05:19
in the United States and all over the world?
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世界中で深刻な問題なのか？
05:21
What's going on? Why do so many men abuse,
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何が起きてる？なぜ 男性は
05:22
physically, emotionally, verbally, and other ways,
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身体 感情 言葉 その他の面で―
05:25
the women and girls, and the men and boys,
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女性や他の男性を虐待する？
05:27
that they claim to love? What's going on with men?
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愛する人をなぜ？男性に一体何が？
05:30
Why do so many adult men sexually abuse little girls and little boys?
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なぜ 多くの成人男性が子どもに性的虐待を？
05:34
Why is that a common problem in our society
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なぜ 米国そして世界中で
05:35
and all over the world today?
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それが共通の問題に？
05:37
Why do we hear over and over again
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教会やサッカークラブ
05:39
about new scandals erupting in major institutions
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ボーイスカウト等大きな団体で
05:43
like the Catholic Church or the Penn State football program
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スキャンダルが次々
05:45
or the Boy Scouts of America, on and on and on?
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出てくるのは一体なぜなのか
05:48
And then local communities all over the country
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地方でも 国全体でも
05:50
and all over the world, right? We hear about it all the time.
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常にその話題を耳にします
05:53
The sexual abuse of children.
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子供への性的虐待です
05:55
What's going on with men? Why do so many men rape women
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男性に何が？なぜ 多くの男性が
05:58
in our society and around the world?
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世界中で女性を暴行する？
06:00
Why do so many men rape other men?
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あるいは他の男性を？
06:02
What is going on with men?
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男性に一体何が？
06:03
And then what is the role of the various institutions
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米国のいろいろな慣習がどのようにして
06:07
in our society that are helping to produce abusive men
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虐待する男性を大流行ばりに
06:10
at pandemic rates?
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作り出すのか
06:11
Because this isn't about individual perpetrators.
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犯罪者個人ではなく
06:13
That's a naive way to understanding what is a much deeper
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より根の深い社会制度の問題を
06:16
and more systematic social problem.
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理解する道です
06:17
You know, the perpetrators aren't these
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彼らは怪物とは違う
06:19
monsters who crawl out of the swamp
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沼から這い出て
06:21
and come into town and do their nasty business
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町に行き 悪事を行い
06:24
and then retreat into the darkness.
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また暗闇に帰るのではない
06:26
That's a very naive notion, right?
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「怪物だ」なんて甘すぎる考えです
06:28
Perpetrators are much more normal than that,
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彼らはもっと普通で
06:30
and everyday than that.
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平凡な人間です
06:32
So the question is, what are we doing here
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問題は 米国含め世界中での
06:35
in our society and in the world?
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人の行いです
06:36
What are the roles of various institutions
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いかにして様々な慣習が
06:38
in helping to produce abusive men?
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虐待する男性を作り出すか
06:40
What's the role of religious belief systems,
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宗教の信念体系
06:42
the sports culture, the pornography culture,
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スポーツ ポルノ 家族構造
06:45
the family structure, economics, and how that intersects,
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経済等がいかに交わるか
06:47
and race and ethnicity and how that intersects?
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人種や民族は？
06:49
How does all this work?
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どんな仕組みなのか
06:51
And then, once we start making those kinds of connections
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それらの要素を組み合わせ
06:54
and asking those important and big questions,
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重大な問題に目をやれば
06:57
then we can talk about how we can be transformative,
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どうすれば変われるのかを語れる
06:59
in other words, how can we do something differently?
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やり方を変え
07:01
How can we change the practices?
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しきたりを変え
07:03
How can we change the socialization of boys
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現状を引き起こす―
07:05
and the definitions of manhood that lead to these current outcomes?
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少年の社会化や「男らしさ」を変えるには？
07:09
These are the kind of questions that we need
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疑問に思わねばならない事
07:11
to be asking and the kind of work that we need to be doing,
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やるべき事は多い
07:13
but if we're endlessly focused on what women are doing
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いつまでも女性の行動や
07:16
and thinking in relationships or elsewhere,
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対人関係にこだわっていては
07:19
we're not going to get to that piece.
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そこにはたどり着けない
07:21
Now, I understand that a lot of women
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今まで多くの女性が
07:23
who have been trying to speaking out about these issues,
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これらの問題について
07:25
today and yesterday and for years and years,
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発言しようとしそのせいで
07:28
often get shouted down for their efforts.
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黙らされてきた
07:30
They get called nasty names like "male-basher"
181
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2888
そして不快なあだ名をつけられた
07:33
and "man-hater,"
182
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「男性叩き」「男嫌い」
07:34
and the disgusting and offensive "feminazi." Right?
183
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汚らわしく 攻撃的な「フェミナチ」に至るまで
07:41
And you know what all this is about?
184
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この現象は何か？
07:43
It's called kill the messenger.
185
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「使者殺し」です
07:44
It's because the women who are standing up
186
452876
1524
女性が立ち上がり
07:46
and speaking out for themselves and for other women
187
454400
1994
自分 他の女性 男性 少年の為
07:48
as well as for men and boys, it's a statement to them
188
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3810
発言すれば 彼女らはこう言われる
07:52
to sit down and shut up, keep the current system in place,
189
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3349
「座って黙れ今の制度を続けるんだ」
07:55
because we don't like it when people rock the boat.
190
463553
1823
人は波風を立てて
07:57
We don't like it when people challenge our power.
191
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1629
権力に挑む者を嫌う
07:59
You'd better sit down and shut up, basically.
192
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基本的には黙って座った方がいい
08:02
And thank goodness that women haven't done that.
193
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幸い 女性はそうしなかった
08:04
Thank goodness that we live in a world
194
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1130
幸い 世界では
08:05
where there's so much women's leadership that can counteract that.
195
473614
3534
多くの女性リーダーが立ち向かっている
08:09
But one of the powerful roles that men can play in this work
196
477148
2524
男性にできる重大な事とは
08:11
is that we can say some things
197
479672
1589
女性が言えない事を
08:13
that sometimes women can't say,
198
481261
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言う事ができる事
08:15
or, better yet, we can be heard saying some things
199
483000
2158
女性が言えば無視されても
08:17
that women often can't be heard saying.
200
485158
2105
男性が言えば 人は聞く
08:19
Now, I appreciate that that's a problem. It's sexism.
201
487263
3125
それは性差別主義という問題ですが
08:22
But it's the truth. And so one of the things that I say to men,
202
490388
2328
実際 あります私達はいつも―
08:24
and my colleagues and I always say this,
203
492716
2059
男性にこう言う
08:26
is we need more men who have the courage and the strength
204
494775
2221
「もっと多くの男性が
08:28
to start standing up and saying some of this stuff,
205
496996
2185
立ち上がり 発言し
08:31
and standing with women and not against them
206
499181
2640
女性に寄り添わなければ」
08:33
and pretending that somehow this is
207
501821
1241
「男対女の戦いだと
08:35
a battle between the sexes and other kinds of nonsense.
208
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2697
馬鹿を言って対抗するのではなく」
08:37
We live in the world together.
209
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1437
共に生きるのだから
08:39
And by the way, one of the things that really bothers me
210
507196
2492
ところで本当に頭が痛いのが―
08:41
about some of the rhetoric against feminists and others
211
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3198
女性の暴力被害やレイプに反対する
08:44
who have built the battered women's
212
512886
1084
運動を行ってきた
08:45
and rape crisis movements around the world
213
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フェミニスト等がどういう訳か
08:48
is that somehow, like I said, that they're anti-male.
214
516597
2264
反男性的と言われる事です
08:50
What about all the boys who are profoundly affected
215
518861
2576
大人の男に自分や母親 妹や姉が―
08:53
in a negative way by what some adult man is doing
216
521437
2098
酷い目に遭わされ
08:55
against their mother, themselves, their sisters?
217
523535
3340
悪影響を受ける少年はどうなります？
08:58
What about all those boys?
218
526875
2142
数に入らないのですか？
09:01
What about all the young men and boys
219
529017
1285
大人の男の暴力に
09:02
who have been traumatized by adult men's violence?
220
530302
2572
心の傷を負った少年や若者は？
09:04
You know what? The same system that produces
221
532874
1756
同じシステムが
09:06
men who abuse women produces men who abuse other men.
222
534630
2881
男性を虐待する男性も産むのです
09:09
And if we want to talk about male victims,
223
537511
1385
男性被害者について
09:10
let's talk about male victims.
224
538896
1483
話しましょう
09:12
Most male victims of violence are the victims of other men's violence.
225
540379
3730
男性の暴力被害の大半で加害者は男性です
09:16
So that's something that both women and men have in common.
226
544109
2456
男女共通して言えるのは
09:18
We are both victims of men's violence.
227
546565
2288
加害者は男性だという事
09:20
So we have it in our direct self-interest,
228
548853
1526
私の知る男性の大半に
09:22
not to mention the fact that most men that I know
229
550379
3196
家族 友人等大事な女性がいますが
09:25
have women and girls that we care deeply about,
230
553575
2336
彼女たちだけでなく
09:27
in our families and our friendship circles and every other way.
231
555911
3470
男性に直接関わってくるわけです
09:31
So there's so many reasons why we need men to speak out.
232
559381
2800
男性が発言すべき理由は多い
09:34
It seems obvious saying it out loud. Doesn't it?
233
562181
3242
それは明らかですそうでしょう？
09:37
Now, the nature of the work that I do and my colleagues do
234
565423
3761
スポーツ 米軍 学校で私と仲間達が
09:41
in the sports culture and the U.S. military, in schools,
235
569184
3845
行なっているのはジェンダー・バイオレンスの―
09:45
we pioneered this approach called the bystander approach
236
573029
2710
防止に向けて開発した
09:47
to gender violence prevention.
237
575739
1903
「傍観者アプローチ」です
09:49
And I just want to give you the highlights of the bystander approach,
238
577642
2348
大事な部分をお話しします
09:51
because it's a big thematic shift,
239
579990
3570
テーマを大幅に転換する試みだからです
09:55
although there's lots of particulars,
240
583560
1485
様々な例がありますが
09:57
but the heart of it is, instead of seeing men as perpetrators
241
585045
3541
核となるのは男性が加害者
10:00
and women as victims,
242
588586
1682
女性が被害者
10:02
or women as perpetrators, men as victims,
243
590268
3356
または女性が加害者で男性が被害者 と
10:05
or any combination in there.
244
593624
1587
考えるのをやめる事
10:07
I'm using the gender binary. I know there's more
245
595211
1569
「男」「女」と言いましたが
10:08
than men and women, there's more than male and female.
246
596780
2364
男女以外のジェンダーもある
10:11
And there are women who are perpetrators,
247
599144
1541
女性が加害者で
10:12
and of course there are men who are victims.
248
600685
2343
男性が被害を受ける事も
10:15
There's a whole spectrum.
249
603028
1388
何でもあり得る
10:16
But instead of seeing it in the binary fashion,
250
604416
2572
二分法で物を見るのをやめ
10:18
we focus on all of us as what we call bystanders,
251
606988
2698
全ての人を傍観者とみなします
10:21
and a bystander is defined as anybody who is not
252
609686
2908
傍観者とはある状況下で
10:24
a perpetrator or a victim in a given situation,
253
612594
3068
加害者でも被害者でもない人です
10:27
so in other words friends, teammates, colleagues,
254
615662
2456
友人 チームメイト 同僚
10:30
coworkers, family members, those of us
255
618118
2372
仕事仲間 家族―
10:32
who are not directly involved in a dyad of abuse,
256
620490
3135
虐待の被害と加害に直接 関係がない
10:35
but we are embedded in social, family, work, school,
257
623625
3197
でも 社会 家庭 学校等の一員として
10:38
and other peer culture relationships with people
258
626822
2288
虐待の関係者らしい人と
10:41
who might be in that situation. What do we do?
259
629110
2048
関わりがあったらどうする？
10:43
How do we speak up? How do we challenge our friends?
260
631158
2216
いかに声を上げ友人に挑み
10:45
How do we support our friends? But how do we not
261
633374
2625
手を差し伸べる？どうすれば―
10:47
remain silent in the face of abuse?
262
635999
2436
虐待に直面し黙らずにいられる？
10:50
Now, when it comes to men and male culture,
263
638435
2500
男性文化では目標は―
10:52
the goal is to get men who are not abusive
264
640935
2066
虐待しない男を連れて来て
10:55
to challenge men who are.
265
643001
1350
する男と対決させる
10:56
And when I say abusive, I don't mean just
266
644351
1955
虐待すると言っても女性を―
10:58
men who are beating women.
267
646306
1083
殴る男だけじゃない
10:59
We're not just saying a man whose friend
268
647389
3618
友人が恋人を虐待していたら
11:03
is abusing his girlfriend needs to stop the guy
269
651007
3032
その場で止めねばならない
11:06
at the moment of attack.
270
654039
1279
それだけではない
11:07
That's a naive way of creating a social change.
271
655318
4361
これで社会を変えようというのは甘い
11:11
It's along a continuum, we're trying to get men
272
659679
3000
そうなる前から 男性がお互いに
11:14
to interrupt each other.
273
662679
957
口を挟むようにさせたい
11:15
So, for example, if you're a guy and you're in a group of guys
274
663636
2659
例えばあなたは男性で
11:18
playing poker, talking, hanging out, no women present,
275
666295
3095
男だけで遊び 話し 出かける
11:21
and another guy says something sexist or degrading
276
669390
3456
すると 別の男が性差別的
あるいは―
あるいは―
11:24
or harassing about women,
277
672846
2769
女性を貶めるような事を言う
11:27
instead of laughing along or pretending you didn't hear it,
278
675615
3373
一緒に笑う？
聞こえないふりをする？
聞こえないふりをする？
11:30
we need men to say, "Hey, that's not funny.
279
678988
1682
代わりに言ってほしい
11:32
You know, that could be my sister you're talking about,
280
680670
2172
「笑えないね
妹の事を思うとさ」
妹の事を思うとさ」
11:34
and could you joke about something else?
281
682842
1590
「違う冗談言えない？」
11:36
Or could you talk about something else?
282
684432
1298
「他の事 話すとかさ」
11:37
I don't appreciate that kind of talk."
283
685730
1886
「こういうのダメなんだ」
11:39
Just like if you're a white person and another white person
284
687616
2579
あなたが白人で
別の白人が―
別の白人が―
11:42
makes a racist comment, you'd hope, I hope,
285
690195
2307
人種差別的発言をしたら
11:44
that white people would interrupt that racist enactment
286
692502
3839
仲間の白人による差別発言を
別の白人に
別の白人に
11:48
by a fellow white person.
287
696341
1115
遮ってほしいと思う
11:49
Just like with heterosexism, if you're a heterosexual person
288
697456
2519
あなたが異性愛者で
11:51
and you yourself don't enact harassing or abusive behaviors
289
699975
3169
様々な性的指向を持つ人に
対し
対し
11:55
towards people of varying sexual orientations,
290
703144
2375
自分は嫌がらせをしないが
11:57
if you don't say something in the face of other heterosexual people doing that,
291
705519
3439
している異性愛者に
何も言わないなら
何も言わないなら
12:00
then, in a sense, isn't your silence
292
708958
1409
ある意味
その沈黙は
その沈黙は
12:02
a form of consent and complicity?
293
710367
2236
同意し 加担するのと
同じでは？
同じでは？
12:04
Well, the bystander approach is trying to give people tools
294
712603
2357
傍観者アプローチでは
人々に
人々に
12:06
to interrupt that process and to speak up
295
714960
2685
このプロセスを断ち
声を上げ
声を上げ
12:09
and to create a peer culture climate
296
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1849
対等な文化を作らせる
12:11
where the abusive behavior will be seen as unacceptable,
297
719494
2184
そこでは
人を傷つける行動は
人を傷つける行動は
12:13
not just because it's illegal, but because it's wrong
298
721678
3415
法に反するだけでなく
間違っていて
間違っていて
12:17
and unacceptable in the peer culture.
299
725108
1905
受け入れられないのです
12:19
And if we can get to the place where men
300
727013
2121
もし 性差別的な男性が
12:21
who act out in sexist ways will lose status,
301
729134
2784
地位を失うようになれば？
12:23
young men and boys who act out in sexist
302
731918
1929
女性に対し
性差別的で
性差別的で
12:25
and harassing ways towards girls and women,
303
733847
1605
他の男の子や男性にも
12:27
as well as towards other boys and men,
304
735452
1713
態度の悪い少年や若者が
12:29
will lose status as a result of it, guess what?
305
737165
2993
そのせいで立場を失う
ようになれば？
ようになれば？
12:32
We'll see a radical diminution of the abuse.
306
740158
3097
虐待は格段に減るでしょう
12:35
Because the typical perpetrator is not sick and twisted.
307
743255
2499
加害者は病気や
天邪鬼ではない
天邪鬼ではない
12:37
He's a normal guy in every other way. Isn't he?
308
745754
2980
虐待する以外は普通なんです
12:40
Now, among the many great things that Martin Luther King
309
748734
3443
キング牧師が短い生涯で残した
12:44
said in his short life was,
310
752177
1366
名言の一つが―
12:45
"In the end, what will hurt the most
311
753543
1795
「結局一番傷つくのは
12:47
is not the words of our enemies
312
755338
1895
敵の言う事ではなく
12:49
but the silence of our friends."
313
757233
1740
友の沈黙である」
12:50
In the end, what will hurt the most is not the words
314
758973
2115
その通り 一番傷つくのは
12:53
of our enemies but the silence of our friends.
315
761088
2310
敵の言葉でなく 友の沈黙です
12:55
There's been an awful lot of silence in male culture
316
763398
2101
女性や子供への男性の暴力
12:57
about this ongoing tragedy of men's violence
317
765499
2812
この現在進行形の悲劇に対し
13:00
against women and children, hasn't there?
318
768311
2079
男性文化は沈黙してきた
13:02
There's been an awful lot of silence.
319
770390
1418
何も発言しなかった
13:03
And all I'm saying is that we need to break that silence,
320
771808
3407
この沈黙を破らねばなりません
13:07
and we need more men to do that.
321
775215
2260
それももっと多くの男性が
13:09
Now, it's easier said than done,
322
777475
3323
ですが言うほど
簡単ではありません
簡単ではありません
13:12
because I'm saying it now, but I'm telling you it's not easy
323
780798
2823
「破らねば」と言いましたが
13:15
in male culture for guys to challenge each other,
324
783621
2692
男性文化で他の男性への挑戦が‐
13:18
which is one of the reasons why
325
786313
1713
難しい事もあり
13:20
part of the paradigm shift that has to happen
326
788026
2676
男性の問題である
だけでなく
だけでなく
13:22
is not just understanding these issues as men's issues,
327
790702
3005
誰が主導権を握るかの問題だ
という
という
13:25
but they're also leadership issues for men.
328
793707
2247
パラダイムの転換が必要です
13:27
Because ultimately, the responsibility for taking a stand
329
795954
2572
立場をはっきりさせる責任を
13:30
on these issues should not fall on the shoulders
330
798526
1681
最終的に 幼い男の子や
13:32
of little boys or teenage boys in high school
331
800207
3081
高校生 大学生には
負わせられない
負わせられない
13:35
or college men. It should be on adult men with power.
332
803288
3400
力を持った 大人の男性でなければ
13:38
Adult men with power are the ones we need to be holding accountable
333
806688
2498
問題対策のリーダーとして
13:41
for being leaders on these issues,
334
809186
1476
責任を持ってもらわねば
13:42
because when somebody speaks up in a peer culture
335
810662
2554
仲間文化で誰かが声を上げ
13:45
and challenges and interrupts, he or she
336
813216
2695
仲間に挑み 割って入るとしたら
13:47
is being a leader, really, right?
337
815911
2369
その人はリーダーでしょう？
13:50
But on a big scale, we need more adult men with power
338
818280
3288
大局的には
有力な大人の男性がもっと
有力な大人の男性がもっと
13:53
to start prioritizing these issues,
339
821568
2162
優先的に取り組まねば
13:55
and we haven't seen that yet, have we?
340
823730
2252
しかし 現状は違います
13:57
Now, I was at a dinner a number of years ago,
341
825982
3686
ずっと昔 米国の陸海空軍
全部を相手に
全部を相手に
14:01
and I work extensively with the U.S. military, all the services.
342
829668
3201
取り組んでいた頃ですが
14:04
And I was at this dinner and this woman said to me --
343
832869
3092
夕食の席で
ある女性に言われました
ある女性に言われました
14:07
I think she thought she was a little clever -- she said,
344
835961
2750
自分を賢いと思っていたのか
14:10
"So how long have you been doing sensitivity training
345
838711
2794
「どれぐらい 海軍に感受性訓練を？」
14:13
with the Marines?"
346
841505
1801
と訊いてきました
14:15
And I said, "With all due respect,
347
843306
2843
「失礼ですが
感受性訓練を‐
感受性訓練を‐
14:18
I don't do sensitivity training with the Marines.
348
846149
2777
海軍にするのではなく
海兵隊で‐
海兵隊で‐
14:20
I run a leadership program in the Marine Corps."
349
848926
2496
リーダーシップを教えてます」
14:23
Now, I know it's a bit pompous, my response,
350
851422
1797
感じの悪い答え方ですが
14:25
but it's an important distinction, because I don't believe
351
853219
3177
重要な違いです
必要なのは
必要なのは
14:28
that what we need is sensitivity training.
352
856396
1988
感受性訓練ではなく
14:30
We need leadership training, because, for example,
353
858384
2094
リーダーシップの訓練です
14:32
when a professional coach or a manager of a baseball team
354
860478
3162
スポーツの世界でも
仕事をしますが
仕事をしますが
14:35
or a football team -- and I work extensively in that realm as well --
355
863640
3045
プロの野球やサッカーの監督らが
14:38
makes a sexist comment, makes a homophobic statement,
356
866685
3690
性差別的 同性愛嫌悪的
人種差別的な
人種差別的な
14:42
makes a racist comment, there will be discussions
357
870375
2364
発言をすれば ブログや
14:44
on the sports blogs and in sports talk radio.
358
872739
2372
ラジオで議論が起こる
14:47
And some people will say, "Well, he needs sensitivity training."
359
875111
2132
「感受性訓練が必要だ」と
言う人も
言う人も
14:49
And other people will say, "Well get off it.
360
877243
1591
「放っておけ」と言う人も
14:50
You know, that's political correctness run amok,
361
878834
1991
「差別語禁止の行き過ぎだ」
14:52
and he made a stupid statement. Move on."
362
880825
2034
「馬鹿な発言だが 引きずるな」
14:54
My argument is, he doesn't need sensitivity training.
363
882859
2411
私の意見では
必要なのは
必要なのは
14:57
He needs leadership training,
364
885270
1628
リーダーシップの訓練です
14:58
because he's being a bad leader, because in a society
365
886898
2569
発言者は酷いリーダーだから
15:01
with gender diversity and sexual diversity --
366
889467
2811
ジェンダーやセクシュアリティ‐
15:04
(Applause) —
367
892278
1580
(拍手)
15:05
and racial and ethnic diversity, you make
368
893858
1620
人種 民族が多様な社会で
15:07
those kind of comments, you're failing at your leadership.
369
895478
2227
その発言？
リーダー失格です
リーダー失格です
15:09
If we can make this point that I'm making
370
897705
2990
私が行っているこの主張を
15:12
to powerful men and women in our society
371
900695
3063
あらゆるレベルの
権威 権力を持つ
権威 権力を持つ
15:15
at all levels of institutional authority and power,
372
903758
2393
有力な男女に皆で主張できれば
15:18
it's going to change, it's going to change
373
906151
2268
事態は変化します
15:20
the paradigm of people's thinking.
374
908419
2075
人の考え方は変わります
15:22
You know, for example, I work a lot
375
910494
1634
例えば私は
15:24
in college and university athletics throughout North America.
376
912128
4414
北米のあちこちの大学の
スポーツチームと働いている
スポーツチームと働いている
15:28
We know so much about how to prevent
377
916542
1982
DVや性暴力を防ぐ方法は
15:30
domestic and sexual violence, right?
378
918524
2403
良く知られている
15:32
There's no excuse for a college or university
379
920927
3082
教育プロセスの一環として
15:36
to not have domestic and sexual violence prevention training
380
924009
2878
全ての選手 コーチ 管理者の為に
15:38
mandated for all student athletes, coaches, administrators,
381
926887
2760
義務付けられた防止訓練を
15:41
as part of their educational process.
382
929647
2281
しなくていい理由はない
15:43
We know enough to know that we can easily do that.
383
931928
2207
簡単にできる事です
15:46
But you know what's missing? The leadership.
384
934135
2377
でも リーダーシップが足りない
15:48
But it's not the leadership of student athletes.
385
936512
2006
学生選手ではなく
15:50
It's the leadership of the athletic director,
386
938518
1359
チームの監督や
15:51
the president of the university, the people in charge
387
939877
2659
大学の学長等の責任者
15:54
who make decisions about resources
388
942536
1698
資金 組織内の優先順位を
15:56
and who make decisions about priorities in the institutional settings.
389
944234
2956
決める人々に
リーダーシップがない
リーダーシップがない
15:59
That's a failure, in most cases, of men's leadership.
390
947190
3969
ほとんどの場合
「リーダー」は男性です
「リーダー」は男性です
16:03
Look at Penn State. Penn State is the mother
391
951159
3085
ペンシルバニア州立大では
16:06
of all teachable moments for the bystander approach.
392
954244
2467
アプローチのお手本が生まれた
16:08
You had so many situations in that realm
393
956711
2438
有力な立場にある男性達が
16:11
where men in powerful positions failed to act
394
959149
3289
子供達 この場合 少年達を
守れなかった
守れなかった
16:14
to protect children, in this case, boys.
395
962438
2574
例は信じ難いほど多い
16:17
It's unbelievable, really. But when you get into it,
396
965012
2273
足を踏み入れれば分かります
16:19
you realize there are pressures on men.
397
967285
1930
男性にかけられた圧力が
16:21
There are constraints within peer cultures on men,
398
969215
3141
男性は
仲間文化で制約を受けるので
仲間文化で制約を受けるので
16:24
which is why we need to encourage men
399
972356
2315
その圧力を突き破るよう
16:26
to break through those pressures.
400
974671
1872
働きかける必要がある
16:28
And one of the ways to do that is to say
401
976543
1324
例えば こう言う
16:29
there's an awful lot of men who care deeply about these issues.
402
977867
2663
「大勢の男性が
この問題に懸念を抱く」
この問題に懸念を抱く」
16:32
I know this. I work with men,
403
980530
1449
本当なんです
16:33
and I've been working with tens of thousands,
404
981979
1533
何万人 何十万人という
16:35
hundreds of thousands of men for many, many decades now.
405
983512
3441
男性と
何十年も働いていると分かる
何十年も働いていると分かる
16:38
It's scary, when you think about it, how many years.
406
986953
2894
そんなに経つなんて
ぞっとしますね
ぞっとしますね
16:41
But there's so many men who care deeply about these issues,
407
989847
3852
懸念を抱いている男性は
大勢いるんです
大勢いるんです
16:45
but caring deeply is not enough.
408
993699
1917
ですが「懸念」では足りない
16:47
We need more men with the guts,
409
995616
2762
もっと多くの―
16:50
with the courage, with the strength, with the moral integrity
410
998378
3239
根性 勇気 力 モラルを
備えた男性に
備えた男性に
16:53
to break our complicit silence and challenge each other
411
1001617
4236
共犯者の沈黙を破り
仲間に挑んでもらわねば
仲間に挑んでもらわねば
16:57
and stand with women and not against them.
412
1005853
1812
女性の敵でなく 味方として
16:59
By the way, we owe it to women.
413
1007665
2242
これは
女性に果たすべき義務です
女性に果たすべき義務です
17:01
There's no question about it.
414
1009907
1092
疑問の余地はない
17:02
But we also owe it to our sons.
415
1010999
1746
息子達への義務でもある
17:04
We also owe it to young men who are growing up
416
1012745
2134
選んだわけではないのに
17:06
all over the world in situations where they didn't make the choice
417
1014879
3032
「男としてのあり方」を
押し付ける
押し付ける
17:09
to be a man in a culture that tells them
418
1017911
2140
そんな文化で育つ世界中の―
17:12
that manhood is a certain way.
419
1020051
1464
若者達への義務でもある
17:13
They didn't make the choice.
420
1021515
1394
彼らの選択ではない
17:14
We that have a choice have an opportunity
421
1022909
3965
我々大人は選択する事ができる
機会があり
機会があり
17:18
and a responsibility to them as well.
422
1026874
1630
彼らに対する義務がある
17:20
I hope that, going forward, men and women,
423
1028504
3111
願わくば この動きが前進し
17:23
working together, can begin the change
424
1031615
2049
共に問題に取り組む男女が
17:25
and the transformation that will happen
425
1033664
1556
変化を起こせるように
17:27
so that future generations won't have the level of tragedy
426
1035220
2660
今は毎日起きている悲劇を
17:29
that we deal with on a daily basis.
427
1037880
1417
この先 なくせるように
17:31
I know we can do it. We can do better.
428
1039297
2043
事態の改善は可能なのです
17:33
Thank you very much. (Applause)
429
1041340
2489
ご清聴ありがとうございました
(拍手)
(拍手)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jackson Katz - Anti-sexism educatorJackson Katz asks a very important question that gets at the root of why sexual abuse, rape and domestic abuse remain a problem: What's going on with men?
Why you should listen
Jackson Katz is an educator, author, filmmaker and cultural theorist who is a pioneer in the fields of gender violence prevention education and media literacy. He is co-founder of Mentors in Violence Prevention (MVP), which enlists men in the struggle to prevent men’s violence against women. Celebrating its 20th anniversary this year, MVP has become a widely used sexual and domestic violence prevention initiative in college and professional athletics across North America. Katz and his MVP colleagues have also worked extensively with schools, youth sports associations and community organizations, as well as with all major branches of the U.S. military.
Katz is the creator of popular educational videos including Tough Guise: Violence, Media and the Crisis in Masculinity. He is the author of The Macho Paradox: Why Some Men Hurt Women and How All Men Can Help and Leading Men: Presidential Campaigns and the Politics of Manhood. He has also appeared in several documentaries, including Hip Hop: Beyond Beats and Rhymes and MissRepresentation.
Jackson Katz | Speaker | TED.com