TEDGlobal 2014
Boniface Mwangi: The day I stood up alone
보니피스 므완지 (Boniface Mwangi): 내가 홀로 서서 대항한 날
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사진작가 보니피스 므완지는 고향 케냐의 부패에 맞서 대항하려고 했습니다. 그래서 계획을 세웠습니다. 그와 친구들이 대중 공개회의에서 일어나 야유를 보내기로 했습니다. 그런데 그 날이 되었을 때, 혼자서 일어섰습니다. 그가 말하길 그 다음에 진정한 자신의 모습이 나타났다고 합니다. 그가, "여러분의 인생에 두 가지 강력한 날이 있습니다. 태어난 날과 그 이유를 알게 된 날입니다." 하고 말합니다. 현장의 사진들이 있습니다.
Boniface Mwangi -
Boniface Mwangi is an award-winning Kenyan photographer, artist and activist. He is a TED Fellow. Full bio
Boniface Mwangi is an award-winning Kenyan photographer, artist and activist. He is a TED Fellow. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
People back home call me a heckler,
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고향사람들은 저를 말썽꾼, 골칫덩이,
짜증나는 애, 반항아, 활동가,
짜증나는 애, 반항아, 활동가,
00:16
a troublemaker, an irritant,
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00:19
a rebel, an activist,
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00:21
the voice of the people.
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사람들의 대변자라고 부릅니다.
00:23
But that wasn't always me.
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하지만 제가 늘 그랬던 건
아니었습니다.
아니었습니다.
00:26
Growing up, I had a nickname.
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자라면서 별명이 있었어요.
사람들은 저를 "순둥이"라고 했어요.
사람들은 저를 "순둥이"라고 했어요.
00:28
They used to call me Softy,
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얌전하고 악이 없는 소년이라고요.
00:30
meaning the soft, harmless boy.
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00:33
Like every other human being,
I avoided trouble.
I avoided trouble.
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다른 모든 사람들처럼
저도 문제가 생기는 걸 피했습니다.
저도 문제가 생기는 걸 피했습니다.
00:36
In my childhood, they taught me silence.
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어렸을 때 저는
침묵하라고 배웠습니다.
침묵하라고 배웠습니다.
00:38
Don't argue, do as you're told.
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싸우지 말고 하라는 대로 해라.
00:40
In Sunday school, they taught me
don't confront, don't argue,
don't confront, don't argue,
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주일 학교에서는 대들지 말고
싸우지도 말라고 배웠습니다.
싸우지도 말라고 배웠습니다.
00:44
even if you're right,
turn the other cheek.
turn the other cheek.
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설령 네가 옳다고 해도
다른 뺨을 대주라고요.
다른 뺨을 대주라고요.
00:47
This was reinforced
by the political climate of the time.
by the political climate of the time.
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이것은 그 당시 정치적인
상황에 의해 강화되었죠.
상황에 의해 강화되었죠.
00:52
(Laughter)
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(웃음)
00:55
Kenya is a country
where you are guilty
where you are guilty
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케냐는 돈 없으면 유죄고
돈이 있어야 무죄인 나라입니다.
돈이 있어야 무죄인 나라입니다.
00:57
until proven rich.
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01:00
(Laughter)
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(웃음)
01:02
Kenya's poor are five times more likely
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케냐의 가난한 사람들은 보호 받아야 할
경찰에 의해서 총에 맞아 죽을 가능성이
경찰에 의해서 총에 맞아 죽을 가능성이
01:05
to be shot dead by the police
who are meant to protect them
who are meant to protect them
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범죄자들에 의한
가능성보다 5배가 높습니다.
가능성보다 5배가 높습니다.
01:08
than by criminals.
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01:10
This was reinforced
by the political climate of the day.
by the political climate of the day.
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이것은 정치적 상황에 의해
강화되었습니다.
강화되었습니다.
01:12
We had a president,
Moi, who was a dictator.
Moi, who was a dictator.
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저희 대통령은 독재자 모이였습니다.
01:15
He ruled the country with an iron fist,
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철권으로 통치를 했고
01:18
and anyone who dared
question his authority
question his authority
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그의 권위에 도전하는 사람은
01:20
was arrested, tortured,
jailed or even killed.
jailed or even killed.
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체포되고, 고문 당하고,
투옥되고, 심지어 죽었습니다.
투옥되고, 심지어 죽었습니다.
01:25
That meant that people were taught
to be smart cowards, stay out of trouble.
to be smart cowards, stay out of trouble.
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그것은 문제를 일으키지 말고
영악한 군중이 되라는 의미였죠.
영악한 군중이 되라는 의미였죠.
01:29
Being a coward was not an insult.
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군중 속에 있다는 건 욕이 아닙니다.
01:31
Being a coward was a compliment.
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군중이 된다는 건 칭찬이죠.
01:33
We used to be told that a coward
goes home to his mother.
goes home to his mother.
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겁쟁이는 엄마가 있는
고향에 간다고 합니다.
고향에 간다고 합니다.
01:36
What that meant: that if you stayed
out of trouble you're going to stay alive.
out of trouble you're going to stay alive.
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그것은 위험을 피하면
살아남을 수 있다는 말이죠.
살아남을 수 있다는 말이죠.
01:40
I used to question this advice,
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저는 이 조언에 의문을 품었습니다.
01:42
and eight years ago
we had an election in Kenya,
we had an election in Kenya,
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8년 전에 케냐에서 선거가 있었고
결과에 대해 격한 논쟁이 있었습니다.
결과에 대해 격한 논쟁이 있었습니다.
01:45
and the results were violently disputed.
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01:47
What followed that election
was terrible violence, rape,
was terrible violence, rape,
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선거 후에 끔찍한 폭력과 강간이 있었고
천 명이 넘게 사망했습니다.
천 명이 넘게 사망했습니다.
01:52
and the killing of over 1,000 people.
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제 일은 폭력을 기록하는 것이었죠.
사진작가로서 수 천장의 사진을 찍었죠.
사진작가로서 수 천장의 사진을 찍었죠.
01:56
My work was to document the violence.
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01:59
As a photographer,
I took thousands of images,
I took thousands of images,
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02:02
and after two months,
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두 달후에 두 명의 정치인이
함께 차를 마시고
함께 차를 마시고
02:04
the two politicians came together,
had a cup of tea,
had a cup of tea,
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평화협정을 맺은 후
케냐의 안좋은 상태는 계속되었죠.
케냐의 안좋은 상태는 계속되었죠.
02:09
signed a peace agreement,
and the country moved on.
and the country moved on.
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저는 너무 마음이 좋지 않았습니다.
02:12
I was a very disturbed man
because I saw the violence firsthand.
because I saw the violence firsthand.
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애초에 폭력과 죽음,
추방을 보았기 때문입니다.
추방을 보았기 때문입니다.
02:16
I saw the killings.
I saw the displacement.
I saw the displacement.
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강간당한 여성들을 만나봤고
너무나 마음 아팠습니다.
너무나 마음 아팠습니다.
02:19
I met women who had been raped,
and it disturbed me,
and it disturbed me,
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02:22
but the country never spoke about it.
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그러나 정부는 그런
이야기를 하지 않았죠.
이야기를 하지 않았죠.
02:24
We pretended. We all became smart cowards.
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우리는 가짜인척 하고 있습니다.
영악한 군중이 된 것입니다.
영악한 군중이 된 것입니다.
02:27
We decided to stay out of trouble
and not talk about it.
and not talk about it.
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문제를 피하고 침묵하기로 한 겁니다.
02:30
Ten months later, I quit my job.
I said I could not stand it anymore.
I said I could not stand it anymore.
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10개월 후에 저는 직장을 그만두면서
더 이상은 견딜 수 없다고 말했습니다.
더 이상은 견딜 수 없다고 말했습니다.
02:34
After quitting my job,
I decided to organize my friends
I decided to organize my friends
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직장을 그만 두고 친구들을 모아서
케냐의 폭력에 대해 말하고
케냐의 폭력에 대해 말하고
02:36
to speak about
the violence in the country,
the violence in the country,
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나라의 상태에 대해
논의하기로 했습니다.
논의하기로 했습니다.
02:38
to speak about the state of the nation,
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02:40
and June 1, 2009 was the day
that we were meant to go to the stadium
that we were meant to go to the stadium
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2009년 6월 1일에 경기장에 가서
대통령의 주의를 끌기로 했습니다.
대통령의 주의를 끌기로 했습니다.
02:44
and try and get the president's attention.
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그 때가 국경일이었어요. 전국에
방송되는데 제가 경기장에 갔습니다.
방송되는데 제가 경기장에 갔습니다.
02:46
It's a national holiday,
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02:48
it's broadcast across the country,
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02:49
and I showed up at the stadium.
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02:53
My friends did not show up.
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제 친구들을 안 왔습니다.
저 혼자라는 걸 알게 되었죠.
저 혼자라는 걸 알게 되었죠.
02:56
I found myself alone,
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02:59
and I didn't know what to do.
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어떻게 해야 할지 모르겠더라구요.
무서웠습니다.
무서웠습니다.
03:02
I was scared,
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03:03
but I knew very well
that that particular day,
that that particular day,
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그렇지만 바로 그날
저는 결심을 해야 한다는 걸 알았죠.
저는 결심을 해야 한다는 걸 알았죠.
03:05
I had to make a decision.
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03:07
Was I able to live as a coward,
like everyone else,
like everyone else,
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다른 모든 사람들처럼 살 수 있을까?
아니면 저항해야 할까?
아니면 저항해야 할까?
03:09
or was I going to make a stand?
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03:11
And when the president stood up to speak,
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대통령이 서서 연설하려 할 때
저는 서서 대통령에게 소리쳤어요,
저는 서서 대통령에게 소리쳤어요,
03:13
I found myself on my feet
shouting at the president,
shouting at the president,
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"대통령, 선거 후의 폭력으로 인한
희생자들을 기억하세요"고 했고,
희생자들을 기억하세요"고 했고,
03:17
telling him to remember
the post-election violence victims,
the post-election violence victims,
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"부패를 멈추세요"고 했습니다.
03:21
to stop the corruption.
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03:23
And suddenly, out of nowhere,
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갑자기 어디에선가 경찰이 나타나
굶주린 사자처럼 저를 덮쳐서는
굶주린 사자처럼 저를 덮쳐서는
03:25
the police pounced on me
like hungry lions.
like hungry lions.
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03:28
They held my mouth
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제 입을 막고 저를 경기장에서
질질 끌고 나가
질질 끌고 나가
03:30
and dragged me out of the stadium,
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완전히 때려 눕히고는
감옥에 가뒀습니다.
감옥에 가뒀습니다.
03:32
where they thoroughly beat me up
and locked me up in jail.
and locked me up in jail.
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03:37
I spent that night in
a cold cement floor in the jail,
a cold cement floor in the jail,
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감옥의 차가운 시멘트 바닥에서
그 밤을 보냈는데
그 밤을 보냈는데
03:43
and that got me thinking.
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이런 생각이 들게 했습니다,
나는 무엇때문에 이렇게 느끼는 걸까?
03:46
What was making me feel this way?
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03:48
My friends and family thought
I was crazy because of what I did,
I was crazy because of what I did,
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제 친구들과 가족들은
제가 미친 짓을 했다고 했어요.
제가 미친 짓을 했다고 했어요.
03:51
and the images that I took
were disturbing my life.
were disturbing my life.
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제가 찍은 사진들은
저의 삶을 괴롭히는 거라구요.
저의 삶을 괴롭히는 거라구요.
03:56
The images that I took
were just a number to many Kenyans.
were just a number to many Kenyans.
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제가 찍은 사진들을 케냐인들에겐
그저 숫자에 불과해요.
그저 숫자에 불과해요.
03:59
Most Kenyans did not see the violence.
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대부분의 케냐인들은
폭력을 보지 못했죠.
폭력을 보지 못했죠.
04:01
It was a story to them.
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그들에겐 이야기입니다.
04:03
And so I decided to actually
start a street exhibition
start a street exhibition
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그래서 실제로 거리 전시회를 시작해서
폭력의 사진들을 전국에 보여주고
폭력의 사진들을 전국에 보여주고
04:05
to show the images of the violence
across the country
across the country
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04:08
and get people talking about it.
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사람들이 말하게 하기로 했습니다.
04:10
We traveled the country
and showed the images,
and showed the images,
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저희는 전국을 돌며
사진들을 보여주었죠.
사진들을 보여주었죠.
04:13
and this was a journey that has started me
to the activist path,
to the activist path,
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그렇게 인권운동의 길로
접어들게 되었습니다.
접어들게 되었습니다.
04:16
where I decided to become silent no more,
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더 이상은 침묵하지 않고
목소리를 내기로 한 겁니다.
목소리를 내기로 한 겁니다.
04:19
to talk about those things.
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04:21
We traveled, and our general site
from our street exhibit
from our street exhibit
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저희는 여행을 했고 거리 전시장은
04:25
became for political graffiti
about the situation in the country,
about the situation in the country,
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케냐의 상황을 보여주는
정치적인 낙서판이 되었는데
정치적인 낙서판이 되었는데
04:30
talking about corruption, bad leadership.
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부패와 악한 지도력을
규탄하는 내용을 다룹니다.
규탄하는 내용을 다룹니다.
04:33
We have even done symbolic burials.
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저희는 심지어 상징적인
장례도 했습니다.
장례도 했습니다.
04:36
We have delivered live pigs
to Kenya's parliament
to Kenya's parliament
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산 돼지를 케냐의 의회에
04:40
as a symbol of our politicians' greed.
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정치인들의 탐욕을 상징하는 것으로
배달시켰습니다.
배달시켰습니다.
04:42
It has been done in Uganda
and other countries,
and other countries,
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우간다와 다른 나라에서도 행했습니다.
04:45
and what is most powerful is that
the images have been picked by the media
the images have been picked by the media
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가장 강력한 것은
언론에서 뽑은 사진들이
언론에서 뽑은 사진들이
04:48
and amplified across the country,
across the continent.
across the continent.
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전국, 전 대륙으로 확대된 것입니다.
04:51
Where I used to stand up alone
seven years ago,
seven years ago,
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7년 전에는 제가 혼자 일어섰지만
04:54
now I belong to a community
of many people who stand up with me.
of many people who stand up with me.
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지금은 함께 일어서 줄 사람들의
단체에 속해 있습니다.
단체에 속해 있습니다.
04:57
I am no longer alone when I stand up
to speak about these things.
to speak about these things.
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이런 일에 대해 목소리를 낼 때
더 이상 혼자가 아닙니다.
더 이상 혼자가 아닙니다.
05:02
I belong to a group of young people
who are passionate about the country,
who are passionate about the country,
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나라에 대한 열정이 있는
젊은이들과 함께 하고 있습니다.
젊은이들과 함께 하고 있습니다.
05:06
who want to bring about change,
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그들은 변화를 원하고
05:08
and they're no longer afraid,
and they're no longer smart cowards.
and they're no longer smart cowards.
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더 이상 두려워 하지 않으며
더 이상 영악한 군중이 아닙니다.
더 이상 영악한 군중이 아닙니다.
05:13
So that was my story.
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이게 저의 이야기입니다.
05:18
That day in the stadium,
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그 날 경기장에서,
영악한 군중으로서 저는 일어섰죠.
영악한 군중으로서 저는 일어섰죠.
05:20
I stood up as a smart coward.
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05:23
By that one action, I said goodbye
to the 24 years living as a coward.
to the 24 years living as a coward.
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그 한 행동으로 군중으로서의
24년간의 삶에 종지부를 찍었습니다.
24년간의 삶에 종지부를 찍었습니다.
05:28
There are two most powerful
days in your life:
days in your life:
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여러분의 삶에 가장 강력한
두 가지 날이 있습니다.
두 가지 날이 있습니다.
05:31
the day you're born,
and the day you discover why.
and the day you discover why.
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하나는 태어난 날이고
또 그 이유를 알게 된 날입니다.
또 그 이유를 알게 된 날입니다.
05:36
That day standing up in that stadium
shouting at the President,
shouting at the President,
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경기장에서 대통령에게 소리치던 그 날
저는 제가 태어난 진정한 이유를 찾았고
저는 제가 태어난 진정한 이유를 찾았고
05:40
I discovered why I was truly born,
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05:43
that I would no longer be silent
in the face of injustice.
in the face of injustice.
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불의에 맞서 더 이상
침묵하지 않으리라는 것이죠.
침묵하지 않으리라는 것이죠.
05:47
Do you know why you were born?
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여러분은 태어난 이유를 아십니까?
감사합니다.
05:51
Thank you.
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(박수)
05:53
(Applause)
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06:00
Tom Rielly: It's an amazing story.
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톰 라일리: 놀라운 이야기입니다.
짧은 몇 가지만 여쭤 보겠습니다.
짧은 몇 가지만 여쭤 보겠습니다.
06:03
I just want to ask you
a couple quick questions.
a couple quick questions.
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06:05
So PAWA254:
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그러니까 PAWA254라는
스튜디오를 만들어서 젊은이들이 가서
스튜디오를 만들어서 젊은이들이 가서
06:07
you've created a studio, a place
where young people can go
where young people can go
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06:12
and harness the power of digital media
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디지털 미디어의 힘을 보여주고
저항운동을 할 수 있게 만드셨는데요.
저항운동을 할 수 있게 만드셨는데요.
06:14
to do some of this action.
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06:16
What's happening now with PAWA?
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PAWA는 지금 어떻게 되고 있나요?
06:18
Boniface Mwangi: So we have
this community of filmmakers,
this community of filmmakers,
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보니피스: 동영상 제작자,
낙서예술가, 음악가 단체가 있는데요,
낙서예술가, 음악가 단체가 있는데요,
06:21
graffiti artists, musicians,
and when there's an issue in the country,
and when there's an issue in the country,
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나라에 무슨 문제가 생기면 함께 모여
생각하고 그 문제에 착수합니다.
생각하고 그 문제에 착수합니다.
06:24
we come together, we brainstorm,
and take up on that issue.
and take up on that issue.
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저희의 가장 강력한 방법은 예술이죠.
06:27
So our most powerful tool is art,
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06:29
because we live in a very busy world
where people are so busy in their life,
where people are so busy in their life,
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왜냐하면 우리가 바쁜 세상에
살고 있어 여유가 없다보니
살고 있어 여유가 없다보니
06:33
and they don't have time to read.
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사람들이 글을 읽을 시간이 없습니다.
06:35
So we package our activism
and we package our message in art.
and we package our message in art.
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그래서 우리 활동을 모아
예술로 표현합니다.
예술로 표현합니다.
06:39
So from the music, the graffiti,
the art, that's what we do.
the art, that's what we do.
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음악, 낙서예술
그런 방법으로 합니다.
그런 방법으로 합니다.
06:45
Can I say one more thing?
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한 가지 더 얘기해도 될까요?
06:47
TR: Yeah, of course. (Applause)
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톰: 물론이죠. (박수)
06:49
BM: In spite of being arrested,
beaten up, threatened,
beaten up, threatened,
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보니피스: 체포되어 구타와
협박을 당했지만
협박을 당했지만
06:52
the moment I discovered my voice,
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제가 믿고 있는 바에 대해 당당히 서서
제 목소리를 낸 그 순간 이후로
제 목소리를 낸 그 순간 이후로
06:53
that I could actually stand up
for what I really believed in,
for what I really believed in,
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저는 더 이상 두려워하지 않죠. 예전엔
제가 순둥이였지만 더 이상은 아니죠.
제가 순둥이였지만 더 이상은 아니죠.
06:56
I'm no longer afraid.
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06:57
I used to be called softy,
but I'm no longer softy,
but I'm no longer softy,
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그게 진정으로 하고 싶다는
진정한 저를 발견했기 때문이죠
진정한 저를 발견했기 때문이죠
07:00
because I discovered who I really am,
as in, that's what I want to do,
as in, that's what I want to do,
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07:03
and there's such beauty in doing that.
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제가 정말로 원하는 것을 하는 것
그것이 정말 아름다운 것입니다.
그것이 정말 아름다운 것입니다.
07:06
There's nothing as powerful as that,
knowing that I'm meant to do this,
knowing that I'm meant to do this,
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제가 해야 한다는 것을 안 것만큼
벅찬 것은 없습니다.
벅찬 것은 없습니다.
07:10
because you don't get scared,
you just continue living your life.
you just continue living your life.
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더 이상 두렵지 않기 때문에
삶을 살아나가게 되니까요.
삶을 살아나가게 되니까요.
감사합니다.
07:13
Thank you.
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07:15
(Applause)
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(박수)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Boniface Mwangi -Boniface Mwangi is an award-winning Kenyan photographer, artist and activist. He is a TED Fellow.
Why you should listen
For four years Boniface Mwangi held a staff photography position at The Standard, the second largest Kenyan newspaper, taking on various assignments of increasing responsibility in a number of countries. Mwangi became the eye of Kenyans during the 2007 post-election violence and showed courage and compassion to capture thousands of images, some so gory that they could not be published.
Following the political resolution to the election crisis, Boniface started to see himself as a visual artist, using photography as the vehicle for social change in Kenya. His focus was the fight against the impunity of politicians in the face of over 1000 dead and half a million people displaced as a result of the violence they caused.
"Boniface’s images are crucial for the healing of our nation; his ability to stay focused and inject a sense of artistry into his work is a testimony to the spirit of professional journalism," wrote Jackson Biko after Boniface was voted Kenya Photojournalist of the Year in 2008 by readers of Adam, a men’s magazine in the country.
Since then, Boniface has continued to work as a freelance photographer for Bloomberg, the AFP, Reuters, the Boston Globe, and other media outlets while building a movement for social change in Kenya through “Picha Mtaani” (Swahili for street exhibition). The photo exhibit aims to heal the scars of Kenyans and draw their attention to the dynamics of the violence to prevent a repeat during the upcoming elections of 2013.
Boniface founded Pawa254 as a collaborative hub where journalists, artists and activists could meet to find innovative ways of achieving social change. The hub has already had many functions, but two campaigns stand out. “Heal the Nation” is a very successful initiative to show a half-hour documentary about post-election violence to as many Kenyans as possible and facilitate discussions around the film. The campaign is accompanied by a more shadowy graffiti campaign that has evoked strong reactions and fired up the youth of Kenya and the world, as images of the clever graffiti grace the pages of the world’s newspapers.
In 2009 United States Secretary of State Hillary Clinton wrote a letter commending Boniface for his work during the post-election violence. She stated, "Your photography is absolutely stunning and tells an important and powerful story for the world to hear."
More profile about the speakerFollowing the political resolution to the election crisis, Boniface started to see himself as a visual artist, using photography as the vehicle for social change in Kenya. His focus was the fight against the impunity of politicians in the face of over 1000 dead and half a million people displaced as a result of the violence they caused.
"Boniface’s images are crucial for the healing of our nation; his ability to stay focused and inject a sense of artistry into his work is a testimony to the spirit of professional journalism," wrote Jackson Biko after Boniface was voted Kenya Photojournalist of the Year in 2008 by readers of Adam, a men’s magazine in the country.
Since then, Boniface has continued to work as a freelance photographer for Bloomberg, the AFP, Reuters, the Boston Globe, and other media outlets while building a movement for social change in Kenya through “Picha Mtaani” (Swahili for street exhibition). The photo exhibit aims to heal the scars of Kenyans and draw their attention to the dynamics of the violence to prevent a repeat during the upcoming elections of 2013.
Boniface founded Pawa254 as a collaborative hub where journalists, artists and activists could meet to find innovative ways of achieving social change. The hub has already had many functions, but two campaigns stand out. “Heal the Nation” is a very successful initiative to show a half-hour documentary about post-election violence to as many Kenyans as possible and facilitate discussions around the film. The campaign is accompanied by a more shadowy graffiti campaign that has evoked strong reactions and fired up the youth of Kenya and the world, as images of the clever graffiti grace the pages of the world’s newspapers.
In 2009 United States Secretary of State Hillary Clinton wrote a letter commending Boniface for his work during the post-election violence. She stated, "Your photography is absolutely stunning and tells an important and powerful story for the world to hear."
Boniface Mwangi | Speaker | TED.com