TEDWomen 2010
Madeleine Albright: On being a woman and a diplomat
Madeleina Olbraita: Par to, kā būt sievietei un diplomātei
Filmed:
Readability: 3.4
828,183 views
Bijusī ASV ārlietu ministre Madeleina Olbraita atklāti runā par politiku un diplomātiju, uzsverot to, ka ir nepieciešams ārpolitikā izvirzīt priekšplānā ar sievietēm saistītos jautājumus. Tie nav otršķirīgi jautājumi, gluži otrādi, viņa uzsver, ka ar sievietēm saistītie jautājumi bieži vien ir vissvarīgākie, jo ir tieši saistīti ar dzīvību un nāvi. Vaļsirdīga un humoristiska saruna ar Petu Mičelu no Peilija Centra.
Madeleine Albright - Former US Secretary of State
Since leaving office as US Secretary of State in 2001, Madeleine Albright has continued her distinguished career in foreign affairs as a businesswoman, political adviser and professor. Full bio
Since leaving office as US Secretary of State in 2001, Madeleine Albright has continued her distinguished career in foreign affairs as a businesswoman, political adviser and professor. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
Pat Mitchell: What is the story of this pin?
0
0
2000
Peta Mičela: Kāda ir šīs piespraudes vēsture?
00:17
Madeleine Albright: This is "Breaking the Glass Ceiling."
1
2000
2000
Madeleina Olbraita: Tā ir saistīta ar izlaušanos caur stikla griestiem.
00:19
PM: Oh.
2
4000
2000
P.M.: Ak tā.
00:22
That was well chosen, I would say, for TEDWomen.
3
7000
3000
Tad tā ir ļoti piemērota TEDWomen.
00:25
MA: Most of the time I spend when I get up in the morning
4
10000
2000
M.O.: Ik rītu pēc piecelšanās es pavadu ilgu laiku,
00:27
is trying to figure out what is going to happen.
5
12000
2000
cenšoties paredzēt, kas sagaidāms.
00:29
And none of this pin stuff would have happened
6
14000
2000
Ar manām piespraudēm saistītie notikumi sākās
00:31
if it hadn't been for Saddam Hussein.
7
16000
2000
Sadama Huseina dēļ.
00:33
I'll tell you what happened.
8
18000
2000
Es jums pastāstīšu, kā tas notika.
00:35
I went to the United Nations as an ambassador,
9
20000
3000
Es biju iecelta par vēstnieci Apvienotajās Nācijās.
00:38
and it was after the Gulf War,
10
23000
2000
Tas bija pēc Persijas līča kara beigām.
00:40
and I was an instructed ambassador.
11
25000
2000
Kā vēstniecei man tika doti norādījumi.
00:42
And the cease-fire had been translated
12
27000
2000
Pēc pamiera iestāšanās tika pieņemta
00:44
into a series of sanctions resolutions,
13
29000
3000
rinda lēmumu par sankcijām,
00:47
and my instructions
14
32000
2000
un man tika doti norādījumi
00:49
were to say perfectly terrible things about Saddam Hussein constantly,
15
34000
3000
pastāvīgi stāstīt briesmu lietas par Sadamu Huseinu,
00:52
which he deserved -- he had invaded another country.
16
37000
3000
kas bija pamatotas -- viņš bija okupējis kaimiņvalsti.
00:55
And so all of a sudden, a poem appeared in the papers in Baghdad
17
40000
3000
Tad pēkšņi Bagdādes avīzēs tika publicēts dzejolis,
00:58
comparing me to many things,
18
43000
2000
kurā es tiku salīdzināta, starp citām lietām,
01:00
but among them an "unparalleled serpent."
19
45000
3000
ar neiedomājamu čūsku.
01:03
And so I happened to have a snake pin.
20
48000
2000
Tā sagadījās, ka man piederēja čūskveida piespraude.
01:05
So I wore it when we talked about Iraq.
21
50000
2000
Es to valkāju Irākas sarunu laikā.
01:07
(Laughter)
22
52000
2000
(Smiekli)
01:09
And when I went out to meet the press,
23
54000
2000
Un, kad es ierados preses konferencē,
01:11
they zeroed in, said, "Why are you wearing that snake pin?"
24
56000
2000
žurnālisti to ievēroja, un jautāja: "Kāpēc jūs valkājiet šo čūskveidīgo piespraudi?"
01:13
I said, "Because Saddam Hussein compared me to an unparalleled serpent."
25
58000
3000
Es atbildēju: "Tāpēc, ka Sadams Huseins mani salīdzināja ar neiedomājamu čūsku."
01:16
And then I thought, well this is fun.
26
61000
2000
Tad es sapratu, ka tas varētu kļūt interesanti.
01:18
So I went out and I bought a lot of pins
27
63000
3000
Es devos iepirkties un iegādājos daudzas piespraudes,
01:21
that would, in fact, reflect
28
66000
2000
kas efektīvi atspoguļotu
01:23
what I thought we were going to do on any given day.
29
68000
2000
manu viedokli par dienišķajām aktualitātēm.
01:25
So that's how it all started.
30
70000
2000
Tā tas viss sākās.
01:27
PM: So how large is the collection?
31
72000
2000
P.M.: Cik liela ir jūsu kolekcija?
01:29
MA: Pretty big.
32
74000
2000
M.O.: Diezgan liela.
01:31
It's now traveling.
33
76000
2000
Tā tagad ir ceļojoša izstāde.
01:33
At the moment it's in Indianapolis,
34
78000
2000
Pašlaik tā atrodas Indianapolisē,
01:35
but it was at the Smithsonian.
35
80000
2000
bet iepriekš tā bija Smitsona institūtā.
01:37
And it goes with a book that says, "Read My Pins."
36
82000
3000
To pavada mana grāmata, kuras virsraksts ir: "Lasiet manas piespraudes."
01:40
(Laughter)
37
85000
2000
(Smiekli)
01:42
PM: So is this a good idea.
38
87000
3000
P.M.: Tātad tā bija laba doma.
01:45
I remember when you were the first woman
39
90000
2000
Es atceros, kad jūs kļuvāt par pirmo sievieti -
01:47
as Secretary of State,
40
92000
2000
ārlietu ministri,
01:49
and there was a lot of conversation always
41
94000
2000
un pastāvīgi tika plaši apspriests
01:51
about what you were wearing,
42
96000
2000
jūsu apģērbs,
01:53
how you looked --
43
98000
2000
un izskats,
01:55
the thing that happens to a lot of women,
44
100000
2000
kas ir bieži apspriests temats, ja runa iet par sievietēm,
01:57
especially if they're the first in a position.
45
102000
3000
īpaši, ja viņas ieņem vadošus posteņus.
02:00
So how do you feel about that -- the whole --
46
105000
3000
Kādas ir jūsu izjūtas par visu šo --
02:03
MA: Well, it's pretty irritating actually
47
108000
2000
M.O.: Vispār tas ir diezgan kaitinoši,
02:05
because nobody ever describes what a man is wearing.
48
110000
3000
jo neviens nekad neapraksta vīriešu apģērbu.
02:08
But people did pay attention to what clothes I had.
49
113000
3000
Bet cilvēki uzmanīgi sekoja līdzi manam apģērbam.
02:11
What was interesting was that,
50
116000
2000
Šajā sakarā ir interesants stāsts:
02:13
before I went up to New York as U.N. ambassador,
51
118000
2000
pirms es devos uz Ņujorku kā ANO vēstniece,
02:15
I talked to Jeane Kirkpatrick, who'd been ambassador before me,
52
120000
3000
man bija saruna ar Džīnu Kirkpatriku, manu priekšteci vēstnieces amatā,
02:18
and she said, "You've got to get rid of your professor clothes.
53
123000
3000
un viņa teica: "Jums ir jāatmet akadēmiskā stila apģērbs.
02:21
Go out and look like a diplomat."
54
126000
2000
Dodieties pasaulē, izskatoties kā diplomāte."
02:23
So that did give me a lot of opportunities to go shopping.
55
128000
3000
Tas man sniedza daudzas iepirkšanās iespējas.
02:26
But still, there were all kinds of questions
56
131000
3000
Bet joprojām man tika uzdoti tādi jautājumi,
02:29
about -- "did you wear a hat?" "How short was your skirt?"
57
134000
3000
kā, piemēram, "Vai jūs valkājāt cepuri?","Cik īsi bija jūsu svārki?".
02:32
And one of the things --
58
137000
2000
Un vēl viena lieta --
02:34
if you remember Condoleezza Rice was at some event and she wore boots,
59
139000
3000
vai jūs atcerieties, ka Kondolīza Raisa kādā svinīgā pasākumā bija uzvilkusi zābakus,
02:37
and she got criticized over that.
60
142000
2000
un tika par to kritizēta.
02:39
And no guy ever gets criticized. But that's the least of it.
61
144000
3000
Vīrietis par to nekad netiktu kritizēts. Bet tas nav svarīgi.
02:42
PM: It is, for all of us, men and women,
62
147000
3000
P.M.: Mums visiem, gan vīriešiem, gan sievietēm,
02:45
finding our ways of defining our roles,
63
150000
3000
ir svarīgi atrast veidus, kā definēt mūsu sabiedriskās lomas,
02:48
and doing them in ways that make a difference in the world
64
153000
3000
un darīt to sabiedriski atbildīgā veidā,
02:51
and shape the future.
65
156000
2000
ietekmējot nākotni.
02:53
How did you handle that balance
66
158000
3000
Kā jums izdevās atrast līdzsvaru
02:56
between being the tough diplomatic
67
161000
3000
starp sarežģīto diplomātisko darbu,
02:59
and strong voice of this country
68
164000
3000
stingras savas valsts parstāvēšanu
03:02
to the rest of the world
69
167000
2000
pasaules arēnā,
03:04
and also how you felt about yourself
70
169000
2000
un jūsu lomu kā
03:06
as a mother, a grandmother, nurturing ...
71
171000
3000
māte, vecmāmiņa, un ģimenes sargātāja?
03:09
and so how did you handle that?
72
174000
2000
Un kā jums izdevās to sasniegt?
03:11
MA: Well the interesting part was I was asked
73
176000
2000
M.O.: Jāmin tāda interesanta lieta, ka man jautāja
03:13
what it was like to be the first woman Secretary of State
74
178000
2000
par manām izjūtām, kļūstot par pirmo sievieti - ārlietu ministri
03:15
a few minutes after I'd been named.
75
180000
2000
dažas minūtes tūlīt pēc manas apstiprināšanas amatā.
03:17
And I said, "Well I've been a woman for 60 years,
76
182000
2000
Un es atbildēju: "Esmu bijusi sieviete jau sešdesmit gadus,
03:19
but I've only been Secretary of State for a few minutes."
77
184000
3000
bet ārlietu ministre -- tikai dažas minūtes."
03:22
So it evolved.
78
187000
2000
Un tā tas turpinājās.
03:24
(Laughter)
79
189000
2000
(Smiekli)
03:26
But basically I love being a woman.
80
191000
2000
Bet patiesībā es ļoti priecājos, ka esmu sieviete.
03:28
And so what happened --
81
193000
2000
Un tad notika, ka --
03:30
and I think there will probably be some people in the audience
82
195000
2000
un es domāju, ka šajā auditorijā noteikti ir cilvēki,
03:32
that will identify with this --
83
197000
2000
kas mani sapratīs --
03:34
I went to my first meeting, first at the U.N.,
84
199000
3000
es devos uz savu pirmo tikšanos ANO ietvaros.
03:37
and that's when this all started,
85
202000
2000
Ar to arī viss sākās,
03:39
because that is a very male organization.
86
204000
3000
jo šajā organizācijā dominē vīrieši.
03:42
And I'm sitting there -- there are 15 members of the Security Council --
87
207000
3000
Tā es tur sēdēju -- Drošības padome sastāv no piecpadsmit locekļiem --
03:45
so 14 men sat there staring at me,
88
210000
4000
uz mani blenza četrpadsmit vīri,
03:49
and I thought -- well you know how we all are.
89
214000
2000
un jūs variet iedomāties, kas norisinājās manā prātā.
03:51
You want to get the feeling of the room,
90
216000
2000
Parasti katram gribas iepazīties ar telpas atmosfēru,
03:53
and "do people like me?"
91
218000
2000
noskaidrot, vai atrodies draudzīgos cilvēkos,
03:55
and "will I really say something intelligent?"
92
220000
2000
un parādīt sevi no inteliģentās puses.
03:57
And all of a sudden I thought, "Well, wait a minute.
93
222000
3000
Un tad man radās atklāsme -- pag,
04:00
I am sitting behind a sign that says 'The United States,'
94
225000
3000
man priekšā ir uzraksts "Amerikas Savienotās Valstis".
04:03
and if I don't speak today
95
228000
2000
Ja es šodien nerunāšu,
04:05
then the voice of the United States will not be heard,"
96
230000
3000
tad neviens nedzirdēs ASV balsi.
04:08
and it was the first time that I had that feeling
97
233000
2000
Tā bija pirmā reize, kad es sapratu,
04:10
that I had to step out of myself
98
235000
2000
ka man ir jāpārvar
04:12
in my normal, reluctant female mode
99
237000
4000
mana parastā sievišķīgā vilcināšanās
04:16
and decide that I had to speak on behalf of our country.
100
241000
3000
un jābūt spējīgai runāt savas valsts vārdā.
04:19
And so that happened more at various times,
101
244000
3000
Tas atkārtojās vairākas reizes,
04:22
but I really think that there was a great advantage in many ways
102
247000
4000
un man šķiet, ka man bija ievērojamas priekšrocības
04:26
to being a woman.
103
251000
2000
kā sievietei.
04:28
I think we are a lot better
104
253000
2000
Es uzskatu, ka sievietes ir veiksmīgākas
04:30
at personal relationships,
105
255000
2000
personiskajās attiecībās,
04:32
and then have the capability obviously
106
257000
2000
un, acīredzot, ir spējīgas
04:34
of telling it like it is when it's necessary.
107
259000
3000
nepieciešamības gadījumos saukt lietas to īstajos vārdos.
04:37
But I have to tell you, I have my youngest granddaughter,
108
262000
2000
Bet man jāsaka, ka mana jaunākā,
04:39
when she turned seven last year,
109
264000
2000
septiņus gadus vecā, mazmeita pagājšgad
04:41
said to her mother, my daughter,
110
266000
2000
teica savai mātei, manai meitai:
04:43
"So what's the big deal about Grandma Maddie being Secretary of State?
111
268000
3000
"Un kas par to, ka vecmāmiņa Madija ir ārlietu ministre?
04:46
Only girls are Secretary of State."
112
271000
2000
Visas ārlietu ministres ir meitenes."
04:48
(Laughter)
113
273000
2000
(Smiekli)
04:50
(Applause)
114
275000
9000
(Aplausi)
04:59
PM: Because in her lifetime -- MA: That would be so.
115
284000
3000
P.M.: Jo, cik vien viņa atceras -- (M.O.: Tieši tā.)
05:03
PM: What a change that is.
116
288000
2000
P.M.: Tās ir lielas pārmaiņas.
05:05
As you travel now all over the world,
117
290000
3000
Jums apceļojot pasauli,
05:08
which you do frequently,
118
293000
2000
ko jūs tagad bieži dariet,
05:10
how do you assess
119
295000
2000
kā jūs novērtējiet
05:12
this global narrative around the story of women and girls?
120
297000
3000
sieviešu un meiteņu situāciju pasaules mērogā?
05:15
Where are we?
121
300000
2000
Ko mēs esam saniegušas?
05:17
MA: I think we're slowly changing,
122
302000
2000
M.O.: Es uzskatu, ka stāvoklis lēnām uzlabojas,
05:19
but obviously there are whole pockets
123
304000
2000
bet, protams, joprojām ir ģeogrāfiski apgabali,
05:21
in countries where nothing is different.
124
306000
2000
kuros nekas nav mainījies.
05:23
And therefore it means that we have to remember
125
308000
3000
Tas nozīmē, ka mēs nedrīkstam aizmirst,
05:26
that, while many of us have had huge opportunities --
126
311000
3000
ka, kaut arī daudzām sievietēm ir lielas iespējas --
05:29
and Pat, you have been a real leader in your field --
127
314000
3000
un jūs, Peta, esiet viena no vadošajām savā jomā --
05:32
is that there are a lot of women
128
317000
2000
joprojām daudzas sievietes
05:34
that are not capable
129
319000
2000
nav spējīgas
05:36
of worrying and taking care of themselves
130
321000
2000
pievērst uzmanību šai problēmai un mainīt situāciju saviem spēkiem,
05:38
and understanding that women have to help other women.
131
323000
3000
un nesaprot, ka sievietēm ir jāpalīdz viena otrai.
05:41
And so what I have felt --
132
326000
2000
Pēc manām domām --
05:43
and I have looked at this
133
328000
2000
un es esmu analizējusi šo problēmu
05:45
from a national security issue --
134
330000
2000
no valsts drošības viedokļa --
05:47
when I was Secretary of State, I decided
135
332000
3000
būdama ārlietu ministres amatā, es nolēmu
05:50
that women's issues had to be central to American foreign policy,
136
335000
3000
izvirzīt ar sievietēm saistītos jautājumus Amerikas ārlietu politikas priekšplānā,
05:53
not just because I'm a feminist,
137
338000
2000
ne tikai tāpēc, ka pati esmu feministe,
05:55
but because I believe that societies are better off
138
340000
4000
bet arī tādēļ, ka es uzskatu, ka sabiedrība kā tāda iegūst,
05:59
when women are politically and economically empowered,
139
344000
3000
ja sievietēm ir politiskās un ekonomiskās tiesības, jo
06:02
that values are passed down,
140
347000
2000
izplatot jauno sabiedrisko vērtību sistēmu,
06:04
the health situation is better,
141
349000
3000
uzlabojot veselības aizsardzību
06:07
education is better,
142
352000
2000
un izglītības sistēmu,
06:09
there is greater economic prosperity.
143
354000
2000
sākas ekonomisks uzplaukums.
06:11
So I think that it behooves us --
144
356000
3000
Tādēļ es uzskatu, ka mums,
06:14
those of us that live in various countries
145
359000
3000
kas dzīvo valstīs,
06:17
where we do have economic and political voice --
146
362000
3000
kurās sievietēm ir ekonomiskās un politiskās tiesības,
06:20
that we need to help other women.
147
365000
2000
ir jāpalīdz citām sievietēm.
06:22
And I really dedicated myself to that,
148
367000
2000
Un es tam veltīju galveno uzmanību
06:24
both at the U.N. and then as Secretary of State.
149
369000
3000
gan būdama ANO, gan kā ārlietu ministre.
06:27
PM: And did you get pushback
150
372000
2000
P.M.: Un vai jūs sastapāties ar pretestību,
06:29
from making that a central tenant of foreign policy?
151
374000
3000
kad šī prioritāte kļuva par ārlietu politikas kodolu?
06:32
MA: From some people.
152
377000
2000
M.A.: Daļēji.
06:34
I think that they thought that it was a soft issue.
153
379000
3000
Pēc manām domām, tas tika uzskatīts par otršķirīgu jautājumu.
06:37
The bottom line that I decided
154
382000
2000
Galu galā es sapratu, ka
06:39
was actually women's issues are the hardest issues,
155
384000
3000
ar sievietēm saistītie jautājumi ir vissvarīgākie,
06:42
because they are the ones that have to do with life and death
156
387000
3000
jo tie ir tieši saistīti ar dzīvību un nāvi
06:45
in so many aspects,
157
390000
2000
tik dažādos veidos --
06:47
and because, as I said,
158
392000
2000
un arī tādēļ, ka, kā jau es minēju,
06:49
it is really central to the way that we think about things.
159
394000
3000
tā ir ļoti svarīga daļa no mūsu pasaules uztveres.
06:52
Now for instance,
160
397000
2000
Piemēram,
06:54
some of the wars that took place
161
399000
2000
vairākos karos, kas norisinājās
06:56
when I was in office,
162
401000
2000
manas karjeras laikā,
06:58
a lot of them, the women were the main victims of it.
163
403000
3000
galvenie upuri bija sievietes.
07:01
For instance, when I started,
164
406000
2000
Piemēram, manas karjeras sākumā
07:03
there were wars in the Balkans.
165
408000
3000
norisinājās Balkānu kari.
07:06
The women in Bosnia were being raped.
166
411000
3000
Bosnijas sievietes tika izvarotas.
07:09
We then managed to set up a war crimes tribunal
167
414000
3000
Mēs izveidojām kara noziegumu tribunālu,
07:12
to deal specifically with those kinds of issues.
168
417000
3000
kas izskatīja tieši šāda veida noziegumus.
07:15
And by the way, one of the things that I did at that stage
169
420000
3000
Starp citu, viens no manis organizētajiem pasākumiem
07:18
was, I had just arrived at the U.N.,
170
423000
3000
notika manas ANO vēstniecības sākumposmā,
07:21
and when I was there, there were 183 countries in the U.N.
171
426000
3000
laikā, kad ANO dalībvalstu skaits pieauga no 183
07:24
Now there are 192.
172
429000
2000
līdz 192 valstīm.
07:26
But it was one of the first times that I didn't have to cook lunch myself.
173
431000
3000
Tā bija viena no pirmajām reizēm, kad man nebija pašai jāgatavo pusdienas.
07:29
So I said to my assistant,
174
434000
2000
Es liku savam palīgam
07:31
"Invite the other women permanent representatives."
175
436000
3000
ielūgt visas pārējās sievietes - pastāvīgās pārstāves.
07:34
And I thought when I'd get to my apartment
176
439000
2000
Es cerēju sagaidīt savā dzīvoklī
07:36
that there'd be a lot of women there.
177
441000
2000
daudzas sievietes.
07:38
I get there, and there are six other women, out of 183.
178
443000
3000
Bet, kad es tur ierados, izrādījās, ka no 183 pārstāvjiem tikai sešas ir sievietes.
07:41
So the countries that had women representatives
179
446000
3000
Valstis, kuru pārstāves ANO bija sievietes,
07:44
were Canada, Kazakhstan, Philippines,
180
449000
2000
bija Kanāda, Kazahstāna, Filipīna,
07:46
Trinidad Tobago, Jamaica,
181
451000
2000
Trinidada Tobago, Džamaika,
07:48
Lichtenstein and me.
182
453000
3000
Lihtenšteina un es.
07:51
So being an American, I decided to set up a caucus.
183
456000
3000
Kā tipiska amerikāniete, es nolēmu izveidot darba grupu.
07:54
(Laughter)
184
459000
2000
(Smiekli)
07:56
And so we set it up,
185
461000
2000
Un mēs to izdarījām,
07:58
and we called ourselves the G7.
186
463000
2000
un nosaucām sevi par G7.
08:00
(Laughter)
187
465000
2000
(Smiekli)
08:02
PM: Is that "Girl 7?" MA: Girl 7.
188
467000
2000
P.M.: Vai tas nozīmē "Septiņas meitenes?" (M.O.: Jā, "Septiņas meitenes".
08:04
And we lobbied
189
469000
2000
M.O.: Un mēs centāmies izvirzīt priekšplānā
08:06
on behalf of women's issues.
190
471000
2000
ar sievietēm saistītos jautājumus.
08:08
So we managed to get two women judges
191
473000
3000
Mums izdevās iecelt divas tiesneses - sievietes
08:11
on this war crimes tribunal.
192
476000
2000
minētajā kara noziegumu tribunālā.
08:13
And then what happened
193
478000
2000
Un pateicoties tam,
08:15
was that they were able to declare that rape was a weapon of war,
194
480000
3000
izvarošana tika atzīta par militāru ieroci,
08:18
that it was against humanity.
195
483000
2000
kas ir pārkāpj cilvēktiesības.
08:20
(Applause)
196
485000
5000
(Aplausi)
08:25
PM: So when you look around the world
197
490000
2000
P.M.: Salīdzinot situāciju dažādās pasaules daļās,
08:27
and you see that, in many cases --
198
492000
2000
var redzēt, ka daudzos gadījumos,
08:29
certainly in the Western world --
199
494000
2000
īpaši, protams, rietumvalstīs,
08:31
women are evolving into more leadership positions,
200
496000
3000
sievietes sāk ieņemt aizvien vairāk vadošus posteņus,
08:34
and even other places
201
499000
2000
un arī citās valstīs
08:36
some barriers are being brought down,
202
501000
3000
daži šķēršļi tiek likvidēti,
08:39
but there's still so much violence,
203
504000
3000
kaut gan vēl joprojām pastāv vardarbība
08:42
still so many problems,
204
507000
2000
un tik daudz citu problēmu,
08:44
and yet we hear there are more women
205
509000
2000
tomēr aizvien vairāk sievietes
08:46
at the negotiating tables.
206
511000
2000
ņem dalību pie sarunu galdiem.
08:48
Now you were at those negotiating tables
207
513000
2000
Jūs piedalījāties šādās sarunās
08:50
when they weren't, when there was maybe you --
208
515000
3000
kad sievietes visumā netika pārstāvētas, kad jūs bijāt
08:53
one voice, maybe one or two others.
209
518000
2000
gandrīz vienīgā, ar ļoti retiem iznēmumiem.
08:55
Do you believe, and can you tell us why,
210
520000
3000
Vai jūs uzskatiet, un kā jūs to pamatojiet,
08:58
there is going to be a significant shift
211
523000
3000
ka ir sagaidāmas būtiskas paliekošas izmaiņas
09:01
in things like violence
212
526000
2000
sakarā ar vardarbību,
09:03
and peace and conflict and resolution
213
528000
3000
mieru, un konfliktu atrisinājumu
09:06
on a sustainable basis?
214
531000
2000
saistītās problēmās?
09:08
MA: Well I do think, when there are more women,
215
533000
3000
M.O.: Es uzskatu, ka, iesaistot vairāk sieviešu sarunās,
09:11
that the tone of the conversation changes,
216
536000
4000
mainās sarunu tonis
09:15
and also the goals of the conversation change.
217
540000
3000
un sarunu mērķi.
09:18
But it doesn't mean that the whole world
218
543000
2000
Bet tas nenozīmē, ka visa pasaule
09:20
would be a lot better
219
545000
2000
dramatiski uzlabotos,
09:22
if it were totally run by women.
220
547000
2000
ja to pārvaldītu tikai sievietes.
09:24
If you think that, you've forgotten high school.
221
549000
3000
Ja jūs tā domājiet, tad esiet aizmirsuši vidusskolu.
09:27
(Laughter)
222
552000
3000
(Smiekli)
09:30
But the bottom line
223
555000
2000
Bet galvenā būtība
09:32
is that there is a way,
224
557000
2000
tā, ka, vienā ziņā,
09:34
when there are more women at the table,
225
559000
3000
jo vairāk sieviešu ir pie konferenču galda,
09:37
that there's an attempt
226
562000
2000
jo lielākas iespējas
09:39
to develop some understanding.
227
564000
2000
panākt zināmu vienošanos.
09:41
So for instance, what I did when I went to Burundi,
228
566000
3000
Piemēram, kad es devos uz Burundi,
09:44
we'd got Tutsi and Hutu women together
229
569000
3000
mēs ielūdzām Tutsi un Hutu sievietes kopīgi
09:47
to talk about some of the problems
230
572000
2000
apspriest dažas problēmas,
09:49
that had taken place in Rwanda.
231
574000
2000
kas bija norisinājušās Ruandā.
09:51
And so I think the capability of women
232
576000
3000
Tādēļ es domāju, ka sieviešu spējas
09:54
to put themselves --
233
579000
2000
iedomāties sevi --
09:56
I think we're better about putting ourselves into the other guy's shoes
234
581000
3000
es domāju, ka mēs labāk spējam sevi iedomāties otras personas vietā,
09:59
and having more empathy.
235
584000
2000
mums piemīt lielāka iejutība.
10:01
I think it helps in terms of the support
236
586000
3000
Tas palīdz rast atbalstu
10:04
if there are other women in the room.
237
589000
2000
citu sieviešu klātbūtnē.
10:06
When I was Secretary of State,
238
591000
2000
Kad es biju ārlietu ministre,
10:08
there were only 13 other women foreign ministers.
239
593000
3000
visā pasaulē bija tikai 13 citas sievietes - ārlietu ministres.
10:11
And so it was nice when one of them would show up.
240
596000
3000
Man bija ļoti patīkami satikties ar vienu no viņām.
10:14
For instance, she is now the president of Finland,
241
599000
3000
Tagad viņa ir Somijas prezidente,
10:17
but Tarja Halonen was the foreign minister of Finland
242
602000
3000
bet iepriekš Tarja Halonena bija Somijas ārlietu ministre
10:20
and, at a certain stage, head of the European Union.
243
605000
3000
un, kādu laiku, arī Eiropas Savienības vadītāja.
10:23
And it was really terrific.
244
608000
2000
Tas bija brīnišķīgi.
10:25
Because one of the things I think you'll understand.
245
610000
2000
Pēc manām domām, jūs to viegli sapratīsiet.
10:27
We went to a meeting,
246
612000
2000
Kādā tikšanās reizē
10:29
and the men in my delegation,
247
614000
2000
mūsu delegācijas vīrieši,
10:31
when I would say, "Well I feel we should do something about this,"
248
616000
3000
dzirdot mani sakām, "Man ir sajūta, ka kaut kas ir jādara šajā sakarā",
10:34
and they'd say, "What do you mean, you feel?"
249
619000
3000
vaicāja, "Ko jūs domājiet ar "Man ir sajūta"? "
10:37
And so then Tarja was sitting across the table from me.
250
622000
3000
Toreiz Tarja sēdēja galda otrā pusē.
10:40
And all of a sudden we were talking about arms control,
251
625000
3000
Gadījās, ka mēs runājām par ieroču kontroli,
10:43
and she said, "Well I feel we should do this."
252
628000
2000
un viņa teica: "Man ir sajūta, ka mums tas ir jādara."
10:45
And my male colleagues kind of got it all of a sudden.
253
630000
3000
Un pēkšņi mani vīriešu kārtas kolēģi saprata šīs frāzes nozīmi.
10:48
But I think it really does help
254
633000
2000
Bet tiešām, situāciju atvieglina
10:50
to have a critical mass of women
255
635000
3000
lielāks sieviešu skaits
10:53
in a series of foreign policy positions.
256
638000
3000
ar ārlietu politiku saistītos amatos.
10:56
The other thing that I think is really important:
257
641000
3000
Vēl viena ļoti svarīga lieta:
10:59
A lot of national security policy
258
644000
2000
Liela daļa no valsts drošības politikas
11:01
isn't just about foreign policy,
259
646000
2000
neierobežojas tikai ar ārlietu politiku,
11:03
but it's about budgets, military budgets,
260
648000
3000
bet ir saistīta ar budžetiem, militārajiem budžetiem
11:06
and how the debts of countries work out.
261
651000
3000
un starptautiskajiem parādiem un to atmaksāšanu.
11:09
So if you have women
262
654000
2000
Tādēļ, ja sievietes
11:11
in a variety of foreign policy posts,
263
656000
3000
ir dažādos ar ārlietu politiku saistītos amatos,
11:14
they can support each other
264
659000
2000
viņas var viena otru atbalstīt
11:16
when there are budget decisions being made in their own countries.
265
661000
3000
jautājumos, kas skar viņu valstu budžetus.
11:19
PM: So how do we get
266
664000
2000
P.M.: Kā lai mēs atrodam
11:21
this balance we're looking for, then, in the world?
267
666000
3000
līdzsvaru šajos jautājumos pasaules mērogā?
11:24
More women's voices at the table?
268
669000
2000
Ar plašāku sieviešu piedalīšanos konferencēs?
11:26
More men who believe
269
671000
2000
Ar lielāku vīriešu atbalstu
11:28
that the balance is best?
270
673000
2000
līdzsvarotai pieejai?
11:30
MA: Well I think one of the things --
271
675000
2000
M.O.: Man prātā nāk viens veids, kā to sasniegt:
11:32
I'm chairman of the board of an organization
272
677000
2000
Es esmu valdes priekšsēdētāja organizācijā,
11:34
called the National Democratic Institute
273
679000
2000
ko sauc par Nacionālo demokrātisko institūtu,
11:36
that works to support women candidates.
274
681000
3000
kas atbalsta sievietes - politiskās kandidātes.
11:39
I think that we need
275
684000
2000
Pēc manām domām mums ir jāpalīdz
11:41
to help in other countries
276
686000
2000
citām valstīm
11:43
to train women
277
688000
2000
izglītot sievietes
11:45
to be in political office,
278
690000
2000
politisko amatu ieņemšanai,
11:47
to figure out how they can in fact
279
692000
2000
parādīt ceļu uz sieviešu
11:49
develop political voices.
280
694000
2000
politisko tiesību īstenošanu.
11:51
I think we also need to be supportive
281
696000
3000
Es domāju, ka mums ir jāatbalsta
11:54
when businesses are being created
282
699000
3000
uzņēmējdarbības uzsākšana
11:57
and just make sure that women help each other.
283
702000
2000
un jāgarantē sieviešu savstarpējā palīdzība.
11:59
Now I have a saying
284
704000
2000
Man ir iemīļots izteiciens,
12:01
that I feel very strongly about,
285
706000
2000
kuru es uzskatu par ļoti nozīmīgu,
12:03
because I am of a certain age
286
708000
2000
jo es piederu paaudzei,
12:05
where, when I started in my career,
287
710000
2000
kurā, manas karjeras sākumposmā,
12:07
believe it or not, there were other women who criticized me:
288
712000
3000
lai cik tas neticami neizklausītos, bija sievietes, kas mani kritizēja:
12:10
"Why aren't you in the carpool line?"
289
715000
3000
Kāpēc jūs neesiet biežāk kopā ar saviem bērniem?"
12:13
or "Aren't your children suffering
290
718000
2000
vai arī "Vai jums nešķiet, ka jūsu bērni cieš
12:15
because you're not there all the time?"
291
720000
2000
jūsu aizņemtības dēļ?"
12:17
And I think we have a tendency to make each other feel guilty.
292
722000
3000
Un man šķiet, ka mēs bieži vien nevajadzīgi liekam viena otrai justies vainīgai.
12:20
In fact, I think "guilt" is every woman's middle name.
293
725000
4000
Patiesībā es domāju, ka vainas apziņa ir katras sievietes sastāvdaļa.
12:24
And so I think what needs to happen
294
729000
2000
Tādēļ mums ir jāsāk
12:26
is we need to help each other.
295
731000
3000
palīdzēt viena otrai.
12:29
And my motto is that there's a special place in hell
296
734000
2000
Un mans moto ir "Ellē ir rezervēta īpaša vieta
12:31
for women who don't help each other.
297
736000
3000
sievietēm, kas nepalīdz viena otrai."
12:34
(Applause)
298
739000
8000
(Aplausi)
12:42
PM: Well Secretary Albright, I guess you'll be going to heaven.
299
747000
3000
P.M.: Tādā gadījumā, Olbraita kundze, jūs droši vien nokļūsiet debesīs.
12:46
Thank you for joining us today.
300
751000
2000
Paldies par jūsu klātbūtni šodien.
12:48
MA: Thank you all. Thanks Pat.
301
753000
3000
M.O.: Paldies jums visiem. Paldies, Peta.
12:51
(Applause)
302
756000
2000
(Aplausi)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Madeleine Albright - Former US Secretary of StateSince leaving office as US Secretary of State in 2001, Madeleine Albright has continued her distinguished career in foreign affairs as a businesswoman, political adviser and professor.
Why you should listen
Madeleine Albright is one of America’s leading authorities on foreign affairs. Unanimously confirmed as the first female Secretary of State in 1997, she became the highest-ranking woman in U.S. government history. During her four-year tenure, Albright reinforced U.S. alliances, advocated for democracy and human rights, and promoted American trade, business, labor and environmental standards abroad.
Since then, Albright has continued her distinguished career as a businesswoman, political adviser and professor. She is chair of Albright Stonebridge Group, a global strategy firm, and Albright Capital Management LLC, an investment advisory firm focused on emerging markets. Albright also chairs the National Democratic Institute for International Affairs and the Pew Global Attitudes Project and serves on the boards of the Council on Foreign Relations, the Aspen Institute and the Center for a New American Security. She also teaches diplomacy at Georgetown’s School of Foreign Service.
Madeleine Albright | Speaker | TED.com