Bruce Aylward: Humanity vs. Ebola. How we could win a terrifying war
Bruce Aylward: Ludzkość kontra Ebola. Jak wygrać tę przerażającą wojnę
As the Assistant Director-General of the World Health Organization’s Polio and Emergencies Cluster, Bruce Aylward works to ensure that polio stays under control and that the world is prepared to respond to health crises. Full bio
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a couple of months ago,
do wygłoszenia tej prelekcji,
of titles with the organizers,
jak go nazwać.
kicked around and were discussed.
was two months ago,
than we had ever seen,
na coraz większe obszary.
concerned and alarmed
i zaniepokojeni tą chorobą
seen in recent history.
wcześniej w historii współczesnej.
and I can talk to you about beating Ebola
wam o zwalczaniu eboli,
whom you've never heard of,
o których nigdy nie słyszeliście,
doctor who's working in Lofa County,
pracujący w hrabstwie Lofa,
never heard of, probably, in Liberia.
nigdy nie słyszeliście.
is so important
just starting to escalate,
zaczynała się nasilać,
the epicenter of this epidemic.
and the treatment center there,
every single day,
dziesiątki ludzi dziennie.
were becoming more and more terrified
coraz bardziej przerażone chorobą
and what it was doing to their families,
to their children, to their relatives.
driving that 12-hour-long rough road
ciężką 12-godziną jazdę
up to Lofa County,
do hrabstwa Lofa,
to the escalating epidemic there.
the terror that I just mentioned to you.
przerażenia, o którym wspomniałem.
and he listened.
wodzami i słuchał.
and the desperation
o wstrząsie i desperacji ludzi,
that Ebola did to people,
na pojedyncze osoby,
and what it did to communities.
and what they told him --
when our children are dying,
we want to be closest to them.
choć bardzo byśmy chcieli.
of them as our tradition demands.
jak nakazuje tradycja.
the bodies to bury them
our rituals demand.
deeply disturbed, deeply alarmed
was unraveling in front of them.
że panuje epidemia.
workers who had come,
pracowników służby zdrowia,
and help save the community,
pomóc tamtejszej społeczności,
and they were unable to access them.
Peter explained to the leaders.
They turned the tables.
He explained what the disease was.
to their communities.
everything that made us human.
the way you would in this situation.
swoich dzieci, gdy tego potrzebują.
the way that you would.
zgodnie z tradycją.
in these space suits to do that for you.
kosmicznych, że zrobią to za nas.
happened then was rather extraordinary:
było nadzwyczajne.
pracownicy służby zdrowia i Peter
Peter, they sat down together
kontrolowania eboli w hrabstwie Lofa.
for controlling Ebola in Lofa County.
an important story, ladies and gentlemen,
right at the center of this epidemic
w samym środku epidemii,
you've been seeing in the newspapers,
the television screens,
without seeing a single case of Ebola.
ani jednego przypadku eboli.
the job is done, obviously.
że nie ma już zagrożenia.
that there will be additional cases there.
pojawienia się nowych przypadków.
is that Ebola can be beaten.
że ebolę da się pokonać.
that we saw in this environment here,
w tak zawrotnym tempie,
with health care workers, work together,
z pracownikami służby zdrowia,
in Lofa County in the first place?
12 months, to the start of this epidemic.
o 12 miesięcy, do początków epidemii.
this virus went undetected,
wirusa nie zidentyfikowano od razu.
or four months when it began.
czy cztery miesiące,
a disease of West Africa,
Afryki Zachodniej.
half a continent away.
oddalonej o prawie pół kontynentu.
the disease before.
pracownicy służby zdrowia.
they were dealing with,
even more complicated,
sprawę jeszcze bardziej,
a type of a presentation
the disease, people who knew Ebola.
nie rozpoznali jej.
for some time,
sometimes these days,
there was a rapid surge in of support.
natychmiast napłynęła pomoc.
center, as many of you know, in the area.
w tym rejonie ośrodki leczenia eboli.
and the partners that it works with
over the next two months
dwóch miesięcy setki ludzi,
is by then, this virus,
za bardzo się już rozprzestrzenił.
had spread too far.
one of the largest responses
to an Ebola outbreak.
not just Guinea
were also infected.
i Liberia zostały zarażone.
the numbers were increasing
na nowe tereny, liczby wzrastały.
hundreds of people infected
the front line responders,
responders
zdawali sobie sprawę z sytuacji.
recognized the emergencies.
they agreed on common action
joint operation center in Conakry
disease and get it stopped,
we talked about.
we had never seen before with Ebola.
co jeszcze nigdy nie miało miejsca.
or someone sick with the virus,
flew to another country,
i poleciał do innego kraju.
we saw in another distant country
w innym odległym kraju.
in the teeming metropolis of Lagos,
tętniąca życiem metropolia Lagos,
there was international alarm,
wzniesiono międzynarodowy alarm.
we hadn't seen in recent years
jakiej nie było od wielu lat,
called together an expert panel,
natychmiast zwołała zespół ekspertów,
declared an international emergency.
międzynarodowy stan wyjątkowy.
that there would be a huge outpouring
to help these countries
and concern at that time.
w niezwykle ciężkim położeniu.
something very different.
many, many NGOs and others, as you know,
i organizacji pozarządowych,
happened in many places.
od zarażonych krajów.
these countries found themselves
wystarczające wsparcie
but increasingly isolated.
started flying into these countries
exposed to the virus
styczności z wirusem
for the countries themselves,
wspomniane kraje,
trying to bring people in,
respond to the outbreak,
people on airplanes,
countries to be able to respond.
w których mieli pracować.
ladies and gentleman,
also we hadn't seen before.
continue in the places
w zarażonych regionach,
but then it started to escalate
that you see here,
on such a scale,
nie zaobserwowaliśmy.
already infected in these countries
deeper into these countries.
this was one of the most concerning
we've ever seen.
jakie kiedykolwiek widzieliśmy.
read about in the newspapers,
lub czytało w gazetach,
under the weight of this epidemic.
pod wagą epidemii.
markets no longer started,
rynki nie działały poprawnie,
that they should in these countries.
misperceptions started to spread
coraz szybciej,
which became even more alarmed
coraz bardziej zaniepokojone
that you saw in those space suits,
od tych w skafandrach kosmicznych,
who had come to help them.
deteriorated even further.
a state of emergency.
in some areas, and then riots broke out.
kwarantannie, wybuchły rozruchy.
many people began to ask,
zadawać sobie pytanie:
when it starts to spread like this?
tak rozprzestrzeniającą się ebolę?
do we really know this virus?
Ebola extremely well.
że nie wiemy dużo o eboli.
in terms of what we know about it.
in Central Africa in 1976.
w Afryce Środkowej w 1976 roku.
probably survives in a type of a bat.
żyje w pewnej odmianie nietoperza.
a human population
z zarażonym zwierzęciem.
and probably sickened by it.
spreads from person to person
wśród ludzi przez kontakt
that it then causes in humans,
którą ten wirus wywołuje u ludzi.
severe fevers, diarrhea, vomiting,
of the cases or often more, death.
debilitating, and deadly disease.
i śmiertelna choroba.
this disease for a particularly long time,
we do know how to stop this disease.
wiemy jak ją powstrzymać.
that are critical to stopping Ebola.
do powstrzymania eboli.
have got to understand this disease,
z czym mają do czynienia.
how it spreads and how to stop it.
i jak jej nie rozprzestrzeniać.
systems that can find every single case,
wyłapującego wszystkich chorych
so that you can stop transmission.
żeby móc je zablokować.
specialized Ebola treatment centers,
wyspecjalizowanych w leczeniu eboli,
to the people who are infected,
the same time dignified, burial process,
a zarazem godne miejsca pochówku,
at that time as well.
rozprzestrzeniania się wirusa.
strategies work, ladies and gentlemen.
Te kroki naprawdę działają.
by these four strategies
dzięki tym czterem krokom
którzy wprowadzali je w życie.
them, obviously.
spread, and also in the other countries
in this outbreak.
these strategies actually work.
was whether these strategies could work
czy te strategie zadziałałyby
with so many countries affected
z tyloma zainfekowanymi krajami
growth that you saw.
facing just two or three months ago.
jeszcze dwa czy trzy miesiące temu.
because of the extraordinary work
of governments, of local leaders,
rządów oraz miejscowych władz,
and other organizations
organizacji humanitarnych i nie tylko,
to try and stop Ebola in West Africa.
w Afryce Zachodniej.
was slightly different.
I just showed you;
przedstawione przeze mnie strategie;
the case finding, contact tracing, etc.,
przypadków, śledzenie wirusa, itd.
że zabrano się za nią z innej strony.
they approached it differently.
first try and slow down this epidemic
possible in specialized treatment centers
łóżek w specjalnych klinikach,
from spreading from those were infected.
rozprzestrzenianiu się choroby.
many, many burial teams
deal with the dead,
and slow this outbreak
be controlled using the classic approach
i śledzenia wirusa.
about three months ago,
what I saw was extraordinary.
operation centers themselves against Ebola
działania kryzysowego przeciw eboli,
and oversee and champion
to try and stop this disease.
do walki z epidemią.
those countries and from far beyond
Ebola treatment centers
those who were sick.
its partner agencies on the ground there
they could actually safely bury their dead
jak grzebać zmarłych w bezpieczny
the World Food Program,
Światowy Program Żywnościowy,
corner of these countries rapidly
i produkty do każdego zakątka kraju,
that we just talked about.
which was probably most impressive,
by the governments,
with the communities,
understood this disease,
na czym polega ebola,
would have to do to try and stop Ebola.
czy trzy miesiące wcześniej
only two or three months earlier,
what you see now in this graph,
bend that curve, so to speak,
to the ability to control this outbreak.
na opanowanie epidemii.
there's absolutely no question now
in West Africa and we can beat Ebola.
w Afryce Zachodniej.
that many people are asking,
wciąż zadaje jedno pytanie.
that's great you can slow it down,
drive it down to zero?"
już na początku tej prelekcji,
back at the beginning of this talk,
how Lofa County got to a situation
Ebola for eight weeks.
przypadku eboli przez osiem tygodni.
the other countries as well.
actually diagnosed.
pierwszy przypadek choroby,
in the last couple of months,
tylko parę przypadków zachorowań.
another area in the epicenter,
w kolejnym epicentrum,
for more than a couple of weeks --
już od kilku tygodni.
victory, obviously,
by ogłaszać zwycięstwo,
catch up to the disease,
is doing this on the scale needed
and that is a huge challenge.
for this long, on this scale,
i na tak dużą skalę,
come in to join the virus.
disease curve starts to bend,
the world looks elsewhere.
gdzieś indziej.
zawsze jest ryzykowne.
you've been working so hard for so long,
miesiącami śpi tylko po kilka godzin,
over the past months,
start to creep into the response.
I've just come back from West Africa.
i mogę was zapewnić,
the leaders of these countries,
in their countries.
but they are not fatigued.
to get this finished.
and gentlemen, at this point,
international community,
at this time, to get the job finished.
i pomógł ukończyć to ciężkie zadanie.
means turning the tables on this virus,
rather, started with one case,
od pojedynczego przypadku
have got enough epidemiologists,
miały dostateczną ilość epidemiologów,
and enough other people working with them
oraz innych współpracowników,
of those cases, track their contacts
oraz osoby w kontakcie z wirusem
stops once and for all.
została całkowicie powstrzymana.
to tell it to the people who will listen
i przekazujcie ją dalej,
on what it means to beat Ebola,
we need you to advocate with the people
bądźcie orędownikami tej sprawy
need to these countries,
oraz sprzęt dla tych krajów,
who will survive and will thrive,
i dalej się rozwijać,
to help us beat Ebola.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Bruce Aylward - EpidemiologistAs the Assistant Director-General of the World Health Organization’s Polio and Emergencies Cluster, Bruce Aylward works to ensure that polio stays under control and that the world is prepared to respond to health crises.
Why you should listen
A Canadian physician and epidemiologist who has authored some 100 peer-reviewed articles and chapters, Bruce Aylward is an expert on infectious diseases. He joined the World Health Organization in 1992 and worked in the field for seven years on national immunization programs for measles, tetanus and hepatitis in the Middle East, Africa and Asia.
Aylward has overseen and managed the scale-up of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative since 1998, during which time the program expanded to operate in every country of the world, the annual global budget increased to $700 million a year, polio-funded staff deployed by WHO grew to over 3,500 people worldwide, and new monovalent oral poliovirus vaccines were developed for the programme. In 2014, only three countries remained polio-endemic.
He says: "It's been estimated that our investment in smallpox eradication pays off every 26 days."
Since 2011, Aylward has also led WHO’s work in preparedness, readiness and response to health emergencies. By developing global strategies, analyzing health trends and advising on policies and country collaboration, the WHO helps make sure that outbreaks — like the 2014 ebola epidemic — stay under control.
Bruce Aylward | Speaker | TED.com