ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jacqueline Novogratz - Investor and advocate for moral leadership
Jacqueline Novogratz works to enable human flourishing. Her organization, Acumen, invests in people, companies and ideas that see capital and networks as means, not ends, to solving the toughest issues of poverty.

Why you should listen

Jacqueline Novogratz writes: "I want to build a movement in which we define success based on the amount of human energy we release in the world.

"I started my career on Wall Street and soon discovered that markets are efficient, but by themselves they too often overlook or exploit the poor. So I moved to Rwanda in 1986 to help found the country’s first micro-finance bank. There I saw the humanitarian ethos of philanthropy, and also how often top-down solutions too often create dependency, the opposite of dignity. Through 30 years of working on solutions to poverty, I have come to redefine it for myself, seeing it not as how much income a person earns, but how free they are to make their own choices and decisions, how much agency they have over their own lives.

Acumen was founded to change the way the world tackles poverty in 2001. Our mission was simple – to raise philanthropy and invest it as patient capital – long-term investment in intrepid entrepreneurs willing to go where markets and government had failed the poor. We enable companies to experiment and fail, never wavering from a commitment to stand with the poor, yet understanding that profitability is necessary for sustainable solutions. We’ve invested more than $110M across South Asia, Africa, Latin America and the US, and have seen entire sectors disrupted and hundreds of millions served.

The work also taught that it was critical to invest in talent. To date, we’ve supported nearly 400 Acumen Fellows across lines of race, class, ethnicity, religion and ideology. They are a beautiful group, full of vision and grit, and a determination to do what is right, not easy. The group itself enables individual leaders to endure the loneliness that is part of the work.

And then we measure what matters rather than just what we can count. Take this all together and you see our mission to do what it takes to build a world in which all of us have the chance to dream and to flourish, not from a place of easy sentimentality but through a commitment to using the tools of capitalism and the attributes of moral leadership to focus on doing what it takes, and no less.

More profile about the speaker
Jacqueline Novogratz | Speaker | TED.com
TEDGlobal 2007

Jacqueline Novogratz: Patient capitalism

Jacqueline Novogratz fala sobre o capitalismo paciente

Filmed:
1,360,894 views

Jacqueline Novogratz compartilha suas histórias de como o "capitalismo paciente" pode trazer mais empregos, bens e serviços sustentáveis - e dignidade - aos pobres do mundo.
- Investor and advocate for moral leadership
Jacqueline Novogratz works to enable human flourishing. Her organization, Acumen, invests in people, companies and ideas that see capital and networks as means, not ends, to solving the toughest issues of poverty. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:26
I really am honored to be here, and as Chris said,
0
1000
2000
Estou muito honrada de estar aqui e, como disse Chris,
00:28
it's been over 20 years since I started working in Africa.
1
3000
3000
já faz mais de 20 anos que eu comecei a trabalhar na África.
00:31
My first introduction was at the Abidjan airport on a sweaty, Ivory Coast morning.
2
6000
6000
A primeira vez foi no aeroporto de Abidjan numa úmida manhã na Costa do Marfim.
00:37
I had just left Wall Street, cut my hair to look like Margaret Mead,
3
12000
4000
Tinha acabado de sair de Wall Street, cortei o cabelo estilo Margaret Mead,
00:41
given away most everything that I owned,
4
16000
2000
doei quase tudo que tinha,
00:43
and arrived with all the essentials --
5
18000
2000
e cheguei apenas com o básico -
00:45
some poetry, a few clothes, and, of course, a guitar --
6
20000
2000
poemas, algumas roupas e, claro, um violão,
00:47
because I was going to save the world,
7
22000
2000
porque eu ia salvar o mundo,
00:49
and I thought I would just start with the African continent.
8
24000
6000
e pensei em começar com o continente africano.
00:55
But literally within days of arriving I was told, in no uncertain terms,
9
30000
4000
Mas apenas alguns dias depois algumas mulheres africanas me disseram,
00:59
by a number of West African women, that Africans didn't want saving,
10
34000
5000
da forma mais clara possível, que não queriam ser salvas.
01:04
thank you very much, least of all not by me.
11
39000
2000
Obrigada, mas não precisa. E muito menos por mim.
01:06
I was too young, unmarried, I had no children,
12
41000
3000
Eu era muito jovem, solteira, sem filhos,
01:09
didn't really know Africa, and besides, my French was pitiful.
13
44000
4000
não conhecia bem a África e, além disso, meu francês era terrível.
01:13
And so, it was an incredibly painful time in my life,
14
48000
3000
Por isso foi uma época muito dolorosa de minha vida,
01:16
and yet it really started to give me the humility to start listening.
15
51000
5000
mas me ensinou a ser humilde e a escutar.
01:21
I think that failure can be an incredibly motivating force as well,
16
56000
4000
Acho que o fracasso também pode ser uma motivação incrível,
01:25
so I moved to Kenya and worked in Uganda,
17
60000
3000
então mudei para o Quênia e trabalhei em Uganda,
01:28
and I met a group of Rwandan women, who asked me, in 1986,
18
63000
3000
e conheci um grupo de mulheres de Ruanda, que me pediram, em 1986,
01:31
to move to Kigali to help them start the first microfinance institution there.
19
66000
4000
a mudar para Kigali para ajudá-las a criar a primeira micro-instituição financeira.
01:35
And I did, and we ended up naming it Duterimbere,
20
70000
4000
E foi o que fiz, e nomeamos a empresa Duterimbere,
01:39
meaning "to go forward with enthusiasm." And while we were doing it,
21
74000
3000
que quer dizer "avançar com entusiasmo."
01:42
I realized that there weren't a lot of businesses that were viable
22
77000
3000
Eu então percebi que não havia muitos negócios viáveis
01:45
and started by women, and so maybe I should try to run a business, too.
23
80000
4000
administrados por mulheres, então pensei em abrir um negócio também.
01:49
And so I started looking around, and I heard about a bakery
24
84000
2000
Comecei a procurar e ouvi falar dessa padaria
01:51
that was run by 20 prostitutes.
25
86000
2000
administrada por 20 prostitutas.
01:53
And, being a little intrigued, I went to go meet this group,
26
88000
4000
Fiquei intrigada e fui conhecer o grupo.
01:57
and what I found was 20 unwed mothers who were trying to survive.
27
92000
5000
Encontrei 20 mães solteiras batalhando pela sobrevivência.
02:02
And it was really the beginning of my understanding the power of language,
28
97000
5000
E foi então que realmente comecei a entender o poder da língua
02:07
and how what we call people so often distances us from them,
29
102000
3000
e como nossas escolhas de vocábulos podem distanciar as pessoas,
02:10
and makes them little.
30
105000
2000
ou torná-las medíocres.
02:12
I also found out that the bakery was nothing like a business,
31
107000
4000
Também descobri que a padaria não era um negócio,
02:16
that, in fact, it was a classic charity run by a well-intentioned person,
32
111000
4000
mas sim uma instituição de caridade de uma pessoa bem-intencionada
02:20
who essentially spent 600 dollars a month
33
115000
4000
que gastava 600 dólares por mês
02:24
to keep these 20 women busy making little crafts and baked goods,
34
119000
5000
mantendo essas 20 mulheres ocupadas fazendo artesanato e assando pães,
02:29
and living on 50 cents a day, still in poverty.
35
124000
3000
e ganhando 50 centavos por dia, vivendo na pobreza.
02:32
So, I made a deal with the women. I said, "Look, we get rid of the charity side,
36
127000
3000
Então fiz um acordo com elas. Disse, "Nós largamos a caridade
02:35
and we run this as a business and I'll help you."
37
130000
3000
e tornamos isso um negócio; eu ajudarei vocês."
02:38
They nervously agreed. I nervously started, and, of course,
38
133000
4000
Elas relutaram mas concordaram e, claro,
02:42
things are always harder than you think they're going to be.
39
137000
2000
as coisas são sempre mais difíceis do que achamos que seriam.
02:44
First of all, I thought, well, we need a sales team,
40
139000
2000
Primeiro, pensei, precisamos de um time de vendas,
02:46
and we clearly aren't the A-Team here,
41
141000
2000
e é óbvio que não somos especialistas,
02:48
so let's -- I did all this training.
42
143000
3000
então - eu fiz um treinamento,
02:51
And the epitome was when I literally marched into the streets
43
146000
4000
e o ponto alto dele foi quando saí pelas ruas
02:55
of Nyamirambo, which is the popular quarter of Kigali, with a bucket,
44
150000
3000
de Nyamirambo, bairro mais popular de Kigali, com um pote,
02:58
and I sold all these little doughnuts to people,
45
153000
3000
e vendi bolinhos para todo mundo,
03:01
and I came back, and I was like, "You see?"
46
156000
2000
voltei e disse: "Viram?"
03:03
And the women said, "You know, Jacqueline, who in Nyamirambo is not going to buy
47
158000
4000
Elas disseram: "Jacqueline, quem em Nyamirambo deixaria de comprar
03:07
doughnuts out of an orange bucket from a tall American woman?" And like --
48
162000
4000
bolinhos de um pote laranja de uma americana?"
03:11
(Laughter) -- it's a good point.
49
166000
2000
(Risos) Boa pergunta.
03:13
So then I went the whole American way,
50
168000
2000
Usei todo o estilo americano,
03:15
with competitions, team and individual. Completely failed,
51
170000
3000
competições individuais e por equipes. Fracasso total,
03:18
but over time, the women learnt to sell on their own way.
52
173000
4000
mas com o tempo elas aprenderam a fazer a venda a sua maneira.
03:22
And they started listening to the marketplace,
53
177000
2000
E passaram a prestar atenção no mercado,
03:24
and they came back with ideas for cassava chips, and banana chips,
54
179000
3000
e surgiam ideias como petiscos de mandioca ou de banana
03:27
and sorghum bread, and before you knew it,
55
182000
2000
e pão de sorgo, e de repente,
03:29
we had cornered the Kigali market,
56
184000
2000
o mercado de Kigali tinha se rendido a nós
03:31
and the women were earning three to four times the national average.
57
186000
3000
e as mulheres estavam ganhando três ou quatro vezes mais que a média nacional.
03:34
And with that confidence surge, I thought, "Well, it's time to create a real bakery,
58
189000
4000
Estávamos confiantes, e pensei que deveríamos abrir uma padaria
03:38
so let's paint it." And the women said, "That's a really great idea."
59
193000
4000
e fomos pintá-la. As mulheres disseram: "Excelente ideia."
03:42
And I said, "Well, what color do you want to paint it?" And they said,
60
197000
2000
"De que cor?" eu perguntei.
03:44
"Well, you choose." And I said, "No, no, I'm learning to listen.
61
199000
3000
"Você escolhe." Eu disse: "Não, quero apenas ouvir...
03:47
You choose. It's your bakery, your street, your country -- not mine."
62
202000
3000
vocês escolhem. A padaria é de vocês, assim como a rua, o país."
03:50
But they wouldn't give me an answer.
63
205000
2000
Mas elas não responderam.
03:52
So, one week, two weeks, three weeks went by,
64
207000
2000
Passaram-se uma, duas, três semanas
03:54
and finally I said, "Well, how about blue?"
65
209000
3000
até que eu disse: "Que tal azul?"
03:57
And they said, "Blue, blue, we love blue. Let's do it blue."
66
212000
2000
Elas responderam: "Azul, azul, amamos azul. Vai ser azul."
03:59
So, I went to the store, I brought Gaudence, the recalcitrant one of all,
67
214000
4000
Fui à loja com Gaudence, a mais teimosa de todas,
04:03
and we brought all this paint and fabric to make curtains,
68
218000
4000
e trouxemos tinta e tecidos para as cortinas.
04:07
and on painting day, we all gathered in Nyamirambo,
69
222000
3000
No dia da pintura nos reunimos em Nyamirambo
04:10
and the idea was we would paint it white with blue as trim,
70
225000
3000
e a ideia era pintar tudo de branco com detalhes azuis,
04:13
like a little French bakery. But that was clearly not as satisfying
71
228000
3000
como uma padaria francesa. Mas elas claramente preferiram
04:16
as painting a wall of blue like a morning sky.
72
231000
3000
pintar toda a parede de azul.
04:19
So, blue, blue, everything became blue.
73
234000
3000
Então foi azul de cima a baixo;
04:22
The walls were blue, the windows were blue,
74
237000
1000
paredes azuis, janelas azuis,
04:23
the sidewalk out front was painted blue.
75
238000
3000
a calçada na frente azul.
04:26
And Aretha Franklin was shouting "R-E-S-P-E-C-T,"
76
241000
4000
Ao som de Aretha Franklin cantando RESPECT,
04:30
the women's hips were swaying
77
245000
2000
as mulheres dançando
04:32
and little kids were trying to grab the paintbrushes, but it was their day.
78
247000
3000
e crianças tentando pegar os pincéis, mas as mulheres não deixavam.
04:35
And at the end of it, we stood across the street
79
250000
3000
Quando acabamos, fomos para o outro lado da rua,
04:38
and we looked at what we had done, and I said, "It is so beautiful."
80
253000
3000
olhamos nosso trabalho e eu disse: "Está linda!"
04:41
And the women said, "It really is."
81
256000
2000
E as mulheres todas concordaram.
04:43
And I said, "And I think the color is perfect,"
82
258000
3000
Eu disse: "Acho a cor perfeita,"
04:46
and they all nodded their head, except for Gaudence,
83
261000
2000
e todas elas concordaram, exceto Gaudence,
04:48
and I said, "What?"
84
263000
2000
e eu perguntei: "O que foi?"
04:50
And she said, "Nothing." And I said, "What?"
85
265000
2000
Ela disse: "Nada," e eu insisti.
04:52
And she said, "Well, it is pretty, but, you know, our color, really, it is green." And --
86
267000
6000
Aí ela disse: "É, está bonita, mas você sabe que nossa cor, na verdade, é verde."
04:58
(Laughter)
87
273000
3000
(Risos)
05:01
-- I learned then that listening isn't just about patience,
88
276000
5000
Eu aprendi então que a arte de ouvir não é só sobre paciência,
05:06
but that when you've lived on charity and dependent your whole life long,
89
281000
5000
mas também que, se você viveu e dependeu de caridade toda a sua vida,
05:11
it's really hard to say what you mean.
90
286000
2000
é muito difícil dizer o que realmente pensa.
05:13
And, mostly because people never really ask you,
91
288000
4000
Mais ainda porque ninguém nunca pergunta,
05:17
and when they do, you don't really think they want to know the truth.
92
292000
3000
ou, quando pergunta, não quer saber realmente a verdade.
05:20
And so then I learned that listening is not only about waiting,
93
295000
3000
Por isso digo que aprendi que ouvir não é só saber esperar,
05:23
but it's also learning how better to ask questions.
94
298000
4000
mas também aprender a fazer as perguntas certas.
05:27
And so, I lived in Kigali for about two and a half years, doing these two things,
95
302000
4000
Então fiquei em Kigali por dois anos e meio, fazendo essas duas coisas,
05:31
and it was an extraordinary time in my life.
96
306000
2000
e foi uma parte extraordinária da minha vida.
05:33
And it taught me three lessons
97
308000
2000
Me ensinou três lições
05:35
that I think are so important for us today,
98
310000
3000
que eu considero muito importante para nós,
05:38
and certainly in the work that I do.
99
313000
2000
e com certeza para o trabalho que eu faço.
05:40
The first is that dignity is more important to the human spirit than wealth.
100
315000
4000
A primeira é que a dignidade é mais importante para o espírito que a riqueza.
05:44
As Eleni has said, when people gain income, they gain choice,
101
319000
4000
Como disse Eleni, quando as pessoas têm renda, têm escolha,
05:48
and that is fundamental to dignity.
102
323000
2000
e isso é fundamental para a dignidade.
05:50
But as human beings, we also want to see each other,
103
325000
3000
Mas como seres humanos também queremos ver um ao outro,
05:53
and we want to be heard by each other, and we should never forget that.
104
328000
4000
queremos ser ouvidos, e não devemos nos esquecer disso nunca.
05:57
The second is that traditional charity and aid
105
332000
3000
A segunda é que a caridade e a ajuda tradicionais
06:00
are never going to solve the problems of poverty.
106
335000
2000
nunca vão solucionar os problemas da pobreza.
06:02
I think Andrew pretty well covered that, so I will move to the third point,
107
337000
3000
Acho que Andrew já falou sobre esse assunto, então vou para a terceira lição,
06:05
which is that markets alone also
108
340000
2000
que é a que o mercado sozinho
06:07
are not going to solve the problems of poverty.
109
342000
3000
não vai solucionar os problemas da pobreza.
06:10
Yes, we ran this as a business,
110
345000
2000
Claro, nós administramos um negócio
06:12
but someone needed to pay the philanthropic support
111
347000
5000
mas alguém teve que dar o apoio filantrópico
06:17
that came into the training, and the management support, the strategic advice
112
352000
3000
envolvido no treinamento e o apoio gerencial, o aconselhamento estratégico
06:20
and, maybe most important of all,
113
355000
3000
e talvez o mais importante,
06:23
the access to new contacts, networks and new markets.
114
358000
4000
o acesso a novos contatos, redes e mercados.
06:27
And so, on a micro level, there's a real role for this combination
115
362000
4000
Pois há, num nível micro, um papel importante dessa combinação
06:31
of investment and philanthropy.
116
366000
3000
de investimento e filantropia.
06:34
And on a macro level -- some of the speakers have inferred that
117
369000
4000
E num nível macro, alguns dos palestrantes inferiram que
06:38
even health should be privatized.
118
373000
2000
até a saúde deveria ser privatizada.
06:40
But, having had a father with heart disease,
119
375000
2000
Mas como tive um pai com doença cardíaca,
06:42
and realizing that what our family could afford
120
377000
4000
e que o que nossa família podia pagar
06:46
was not what he should have gotten,
121
381000
3000
não cobria todos os gastos que ele tinha,
06:49
and having a good friend step in to help,
122
384000
3000
foi bom ter um bom amigo para ajudar.
06:52
I really believe that all people deserve access to health
123
387000
3000
Eu realmente acredito que todas as pessoas precisam ter acesso à saúde
06:55
at prices they can afford.
124
390000
2000
a preços razoáveis.
06:57
I think the market can help us figure that out,
125
392000
2000
Acho que o mercado pode nos ajudar a entender isso,
06:59
but there's got to be a charitable component,
126
394000
2000
mas há a necessidade do componente de caridade
07:01
or I don't think we're going to create the kind of societies we want to live in.
127
396000
4000
ou não vamos criar o tipo de sociedade que queremos para nós.
07:05
And so, it was really those lessons that made me decide to
128
400000
3000
Foram essas as lições que me fizeram decidir
07:08
build Acumen Fund about six years ago.
129
403000
3000
criar o Fundo Acumen há seis anos.
07:11
It's a nonprofit, venture capital fund for the poor,
130
406000
3000
É um fundo de capital de risco sem fins lucrativos destinado aos pobres.
07:14
a few oxymorons in one sentence.
131
409000
2000
Há algumas contradições nessa frase.
07:16
It essentially raises charitable funds from individuals, foundations and corporations,
132
411000
5000
Ele arrecada fundos de caridade de indivíduos, fundações e empresas,
07:21
and then we turn around and we invest equity and loans
133
416000
2000
e então investe esses fundos em ações e empréstimos
07:23
in both for-profit and nonprofit entities
134
418000
2000
de instituições com e sem fins lucrativos
07:25
that deliver affordable health, housing, energy, clean water
135
420000
4000
que proporcionam saúde, moradia, energia e água potável a preços razoáveis
07:29
to low income people in South Asia and Africa,
136
424000
3000
para a população de baixa renda da Ásia Setentrional e da Áfica,
07:32
so that they can make their own choices.
137
427000
2000
de forma que eles possam fazer suas escolhas.
07:34
We've invested about 20 million dollars in 20 different enterprises,
138
429000
4000
Já investimos cerca de 20 milhões de dólares em 20 empresas diferentes,
07:38
and have, in so doing, created nearly 20,000 jobs,
139
433000
5000
criando assim aproximadamente 20.000 empregos,
07:43
and delivered tens of millions of services to people
140
438000
2000
e proporcionamos serviços a milhões de pessoas
07:45
who otherwise would not be able to afford them.
141
440000
4000
que não teriam como pagar por eles.
07:49
I want to tell you two stories. Both of them are in Africa.
142
444000
3000
Gostaria de contar duas histórias, ambas passadas na África.
07:52
Both of them are about investing in entrepreneurs
143
447000
2000
Ambas sobre investir em empresários
07:54
who are committed to service, and who really know the markets.
144
449000
4000
comprometidos com o serviço, e que realmente conhecem os mercados.
07:58
Both of them live at the confluence of public health and enterprise,
145
453000
4000
Ambas vivem na confluência da saúde pública com o empreendedorismo,
08:02
and both of them, because they're manufacturers,
146
457000
2000
e ambas, por serem fabricantes,
08:04
create jobs directly, and create incomes indirectly,
147
459000
3000
criam empregos diretos e geram renda indireta,
08:07
because they're in the malaria sector,
148
462000
2000
porque elas trabalham na área da malária,
08:09
and Africa loses about 13 billion dollars a year because of malaria.
149
464000
5000
e a África perde cerca de 13 bilhões de dólares por ano devido à malária.
08:14
And so as people get healthier, they also get wealthier.
150
469000
4000
Quanto mais saudáveis as pessoas, mais ricas elas ficam.
08:18
The first one is called Advanced Bio-Extracts Limited.
151
473000
3000
A primeira se chama Advanced Bio-Extracts Ltda.
08:21
It's a company built in Kenya about seven years ago
152
476000
2000
É uma empresa construída no Quênia há uns sete anos
08:23
by an incredible entrepreneur named Patrick Henfrey and his three colleagues.
153
478000
4000
por um empresário incrível chamado Patrick Henfrey e três colegas.
08:27
These are old-hand farmers
154
482000
2000
Eles são fazendeiros experientes
08:29
who've gone through all the agricultural ups and downs
155
484000
2000
que passaram pelos altos e baixos da agricultura
08:31
in Kenya over the last 30 years.
156
486000
2000
no Quênia nos últimos 30 anos.
08:33
Now, this plant is an Artemisia plant;
157
488000
3000
Essa aqui é a planta Artemísia,
08:36
it's the basic component for artemisinin,
158
491000
2000
que é o componente básico da artemisinina,
08:38
which is the best-known treatment for malaria.
159
493000
2000
o tratamento mais conhecido para a malária.
08:40
It's indigenous to China and the Far East,
160
495000
4000
Ela é originária da China e do Oriente mas,
08:44
but given that the prevalence of malaria is here in Africa,
161
499000
2000
considerando que a malária predomina aqui na África,
08:46
Patrick and his colleagues said, "Let's bring it here,
162
501000
4000
Patrick e seus colegas pensaram: "Vamos trazê-la para cá,
08:50
because it's a high value-add product."
163
505000
2000
porque é um produto de grande valia."
08:52
The farmers get three to four times the yields that they would with maize.
164
507000
6000
Os fazendeiros triplicam ou quadruplicam as colheitas comparando com o milho.
08:58
And so, using patient capital -- money that they could raise early on,
165
513000
4000
Assim, usando o capital paciente, o dinheiro que conseguiram para começar,
09:02
that actually got below market returns
166
517000
2000
que na verdade estava abaixo do valor de mercado,
09:04
and was willing to go the long haul and be combined
167
519000
4000
e com a vontade de ir até o fim e combinar isso
09:08
with management assistance, strategic assistance --
168
523000
3000
com assistência gerencial e estratégica,
09:11
they've now created a company where they purchase from 7,500 farmers.
169
526000
4000
eles criaram uma empresa que compra de 7.500 fazendeiros.
09:15
So that's about 50,000 people affected.
170
530000
2000
São cerca de 50.000 pessoas envolvidas.
09:17
And I think some of you may have visited --
171
532000
2000
Acho que alguns de vocês já visitaram...
09:19
these farmers are helped by KickStart and TechnoServe,
172
534000
3000
esses fazendeiros recebem auxílio da KickStart e da TechnoServe,
09:22
who help them become more self-sufficient.
173
537000
2000
que os ajudam a ser mais auto-suficientes.
09:24
They buy it, they dry it and they bring it to this factory,
174
539000
3000
Eles compram, secam e trazem para essa fábrica
09:27
which was purchased in part by, again, patient capital from Novartis,
175
542000
4000
que foi comprada, mais uma vez, com capital paciente da Novartis,
09:31
who has a real interest in getting the powder
176
546000
3000
que tem interesse genuíno em conseguir o pó
09:34
so that they can make Coartem.
177
549000
3000
para que possam produzir o Coartem.
09:37
Acumen's been working with ABE for the past year, year and a half,
178
552000
5000
O Fundo Acumen vem trabalhando com a ABE há cerca de um ano e meio,
09:42
both on looking at a new business plan,
179
557000
2000
ambos visando um novo plano de negócios,
09:44
and what does expansion look like, helping with management support
180
559000
3000
e essa expansão seria ajudar com o apoio gerencial
09:47
and helping to do term sheets and raise capital.
181
562000
4000
e auxiliar a fazer os balancetes e a levantar o capital.
09:51
And I really understood what patient capital meant emotionally
182
566000
3000
Eu realmente entendi o que o capital paciente significava emocionalmente
09:54
in the last month or so. Because the company was literally
183
569000
4000
agora nesse último mês, porque a empresa estava literalmente
09:58
10 days away from proving that the product they produced
184
573000
4000
a 10 dias de provar que o produto que fabricava
10:02
was at the world-quality level needed to make Coartem,
185
577000
4000
estava no nível de qualidade necessário para produzir o Coartem,
10:06
when they were in the biggest cash crisis of their history.
186
581000
3000
justamente quando passavam pela maior crise financeira de sua história.
10:09
And we called all of the social investors we know.
187
584000
3000
Ligamos para todos os investidores em causas sociais que conhecíamos.
10:12
Now, some of these same social investors are really interested in Africa
188
587000
4000
Alguns desses investidores estão realmente interessados na África
10:16
and understand the importance of agriculture,
189
591000
2000
entendem a importância da agricultura,
10:18
and they even helped the farmers.
190
593000
3000
e ajudaram os fazendeiros.
10:21
And even when we explained that if ABE goes away,
191
596000
3000
Até quando explicamos que se a ABE sair,
10:24
all those 7,500 jobs go away too,
192
599000
4000
todos os 7.500 empregos também acabam,
10:28
we sometimes have this bifurcation between business and the social.
193
603000
5000
mas às vezes temos essa bifurcação entre os negócios e o social.
10:33
And it's really time we start thinking more creatively about how they can be fused.
194
608000
4000
Já é hora de pensarmos em como fundir essas duas coisas de forma criativa.
10:37
So Acumen made not one, but two bridge loans,
195
612000
3000
Então o Acumen fez dois empréstimos-ponte,
10:40
and the good news is they did indeed meet world-quality classification and are now
196
615000
6000
e a boa notícia é que eles alcançaram a classificação de qualidade mundial
10:46
in the final stages of closing a 20-million-dollar round, to move it to the next level,
197
621000
4000
e estamos fechando uma rodada de 20 milhões para seguir para o próximo nível;
10:50
and I think that this will be one of the more important companies in East Africa.
198
625000
6000
acho que essa será uma das empresas mais importantes da África Oriental.
10:56
This is Samuel. He's a farmer.
199
631000
2000
Esse é o Samuel. Ele é fazendeiro.
10:58
He was actually living in the Kibera slums
200
633000
2000
Ele estava vivendo numa favela em Kibera
11:00
when his father called him and told him about Artemisia and the value-add potential.
201
635000
5000
quando seu pai falou com ele sobre a Artemísia e seu potencial valor agregado.
11:05
So he moved back to the farm, and, long story short,
202
640000
3000
Ele voltou para a fazenda e, resumindo,
11:08
they now have seven acres under cultivation.
203
643000
3000
eles agora têm sete acres de cultivo.
11:11
Samuel's kids are in private school,
204
646000
2000
Os filhos de Samuel estudam em escolas particulares,
11:13
and he's starting to help other farmers in the area also go into Artemisia production --
205
648000
6000
e ele começou a ajudar outros fazendeiros da área a produzir a Artemísia...
11:19
dignity being more important than wealth.
206
654000
3000
Dignidade é mais importante que riqueza.
11:22
The next one, many of you know.
207
657000
3000
A próxima, muitos já conhecem.
11:25
I talked about it a little at Oxford two years ago,
208
660000
3000
Falei sobre ela em Oxford há uns dois anos,
11:28
and some of you visited A to Z manufacturing,
209
663000
2000
e alguns de vocês visitaram a A to Z Manufacturing,
11:30
which is one of the great, real companies in East Africa.
210
665000
4000
que é uma das maiores empresas da África Oriental.
11:34
It's another one that lives at the confluence of health and enterprise.
211
669000
5000
É outra que vive na confluência da saúde e do empreendedorismo.
11:39
And this is really a story about a public-private solution
212
674000
4000
É uma história de parceria público/privado
11:43
that has really worked.
213
678000
2000
que deu certo.
11:45
It started in Japan. Sumitomo had developed a technology
214
680000
4000
Começou no Japão. A Sumitomo desenvolveu uma tecnologia
11:49
essentially to impregnate a polyethylene-based fiber with organic insecticide,
215
684000
4000
que impregna fibras de polietileno com inseticida orgânico,
11:53
so you could create a bed net,
216
688000
2000
de forma a criar uma rede mosquiteira
11:55
a malaria bed net, that would last five years and not need to be re-dipped.
217
690000
3000
contra a malária que duraria por cinco anos sem precisar reaplicar.
11:58
It could alter the vector, but like Artemisia,
218
693000
3000
Isso poderia alterar o vetor mas, como a Artemísia,
12:01
it had been produced only in East Asia. And as part of its social responsibility,
219
696000
4000
só é produzido na Ásia, e como parte de sua responsabilidade social,
12:05
Sumitomo said, "Why don't we experiment
220
700000
2000
a Sumitomo pensou: "Por que não tentamos
12:07
with whether we can produce it in Africa, for Africans?"
221
702000
3000
produzir isso na África, para os africanos?"
12:10
UNICEF came forward and said, "We'll buy most of the nets,
222
705000
3000
A UNICEF se apresentou: "Compraremos a maioria das redes
12:13
and then we'll give them away, as part of the global fund's
223
708000
3000
e as doaremos seguindo o compromisso do fundo global
12:16
and the U.N.'s commitment to pregnant women and children, for free."
224
711000
6000
e das Nações Unidas com as mulheres grávidas e crianças, de graça."
12:22
Acumen came in with the patient capital,
225
717000
3000
O Fundo Acumen entrou com o capital paciente,
12:25
and we also helped to identify the entrepreneur
226
720000
2000
e nós ajudamos a identificar o empresário
12:27
that we would all partner with here in Africa,
227
722000
3000
com quem faríamos uma parceria na África,
12:30
and Exxon provided the initial resin.
228
725000
3000
e a Exxon forneceu a resina.
12:33
Well, in looking around for entrepreneurs,
229
728000
2000
Bem, estávamos procurando empresários,
12:35
there was none better that we could find on earth than Anuj Shah,
230
730000
3000
e não havia ninguém melhor que Anuj Shah,
12:38
in A to Z manufacturing company.
231
733000
2000
da empresa A to Z Manufacturing.
12:40
It's a 40-year-old company, it understands manufacturing.
232
735000
3000
A empresa está no mercado há 40 anos, entende de produção.
12:43
It's gone from socialist Tanzania into capitalist Tanzania,
233
738000
3000
Passou pela transição da Tanzânia de socialista a capitalista,
12:46
and continued to flourish. It had about 1,000 employees when we first found it.
234
741000
5000
e continuou crescendo. Tinha cerca de 1.000 funcionários quando a encontramos.
12:51
And so, Anuj took the entrepreneurial risk here in Africa
235
746000
3000
Então, Anuj correu o risco empresarial aqui na África
12:54
to produce a public good that was purchased by the aid establishment
236
749000
5000
de produzir um bem público que um estabelecimento assistencial compraria
12:59
to work with malaria.
237
754000
3000
para combater a malária.
13:02
And, long story short, again, they've been so successful.
238
757000
3000
Resumindo, eles foram muito bem sucedidos.
13:05
In our first year, the first net went off the line in October of 2003.
239
760000
5000
No primeiro ano, a primeira rede foi produzida em outubro de 2003.
13:10
We thought the hitting-it-out-of-the-box number was 150,000 nets a year.
240
765000
5000
Achávamos que o número máximo seria de 150.000 por ano.
13:15
This year, they are now producing eight million nets a year,
241
770000
3000
Este ano eles estão produzindo oito milhões
13:18
and they employ 5,000 people, 90 percent of whom are women, mostly unskilled.
242
773000
5000
e empregando 5.000 pessoas, 90% mulheres, muitas sem especialização.
13:23
They're in a joint venture with Sumitomo.
243
778000
3000
Trabalham em parceria com a Sumitomo.
13:26
And so, from an enterprise perspective for Africa,
244
781000
3000
Do ponto de vista empresarial africano,
13:29
and from a public health perspective, these are real successes.
245
784000
3000
e do ponto de vista da saúde pública, são um verdadeiro sucesso.
13:32
But it's only half the story if we're really looking at solving problems of poverty,
246
787000
4000
Mas é só o começo se queremos acabar com a pobreza,
13:36
because it's not long-term sustainable.
247
791000
2000
porque isso não é sustentável a longo prazo.
13:38
It's a company with one big customer.
248
793000
2000
É uma empresa com apenas um grande consumidor.
13:40
And if avian flu hits, or for any other reason
249
795000
4000
Se a gripe aviária se propagar, ou se por alguma razão
13:44
the world decides that malaria is no longer as much of a priority, everybody loses.
250
799000
5000
decidirem que a malária não é mais uma prioridade, todos perdem.
13:49
And so, Anuj and Acumen
251
804000
3000
Então o Anuj e o Fundo Acumen
13:52
have been talking about testing the private sector,
252
807000
3000
estão pensando em investir no setor privado,
13:55
because the assumption that the aid establishment has made is that,
253
810000
5000
porque a suposição que o estabelecimento assistencial fez foi:
14:00
look, in a country like Tanzania,
254
815000
2000
Num país como a Tanzânia,
14:02
80 percent of the population makes less than two dollars a day.
255
817000
2000
80% da população ganha menos de dois dólares por dia.
14:04
It costs, at manufacturing point, six dollars to produce these,
256
819000
4000
O custo de produção das redes é de seis dólares,
14:08
and it costs the establishment another six dollars to distribute it,
257
823000
5000
e o custo de distribuição também é de seis dólares,
14:13
so the market price in a free market would be about 12 dollars per net.
258
828000
4000
então o preço de mercado seria 12 dólares por rede.
14:17
Most people can't afford that, so let's give it away free.
259
832000
2000
A maioria das pessoas não poderia comprá-las, então vamos distribuir de graça.
14:19
And we said, "Well, there's another option.
260
834000
3000
E pensamos: "Bem, há outra opção.
14:22
Let's use the market as the best listening device we have, and
261
837000
3000
Vamos ouvir o mercado e saber quanto as pessoas pagariam
14:25
understand at what price people would pay for this, so they get the dignity of choice.
262
840000
5000
para ter a dignidade da escolha.
14:30
We can start building local distribution,
263
845000
2000
Podemos começar com uma distribuição local
14:32
and actually, it can cost the public sector much less."
264
847000
4000
e pode acabar custando muito menos para o setor público."
14:36
And so we came in with a second round of patient capital to A to Z,
265
851000
4000
Então iniciamos uma segunda rodada de capital paciente com a A to Z,
14:40
a loan as well as a grant, so that A to Z could play with pricing
266
855000
4000
um empréstimo e também um subsídio, assim a A to Z podia mudar o preço
14:44
and listen to the marketplace, and found a number of things.
267
859000
3000
e ouvir o mercado; e descobriram várias coisas.
14:47
One, that people will pay different prices,
268
862000
2000
Uma, que as pessoas se dispõem a pagar preços diferentes,
14:49
but the overwhelming number of people will come forth at one dollar per net
269
864000
4000
mas a grande maioria estaria disposta a pagar um dólar por rede
14:53
and make a decision to buy it.
270
868000
2000
e assim fariam a compra.
14:55
And when you listen to them, they'll also have a lot to say
271
870000
3000
Quando você os ouve, descobre que eles têm muito a dizer
14:58
about what they like and what they don't like.
272
873000
2000
sobre o que gostam e o que não gostam,
15:00
And that some of the channels we thought would work didn't work.
273
875000
4000
e também que alguns dos canais com os quais trabalhamos não funcionam.
15:04
But because of this experimentation and iteration that was allowed
274
879000
3000
Mas por causa desse experimento e da possibilidade de reiteração
15:07
because of the patient capital,
275
882000
2000
devido ao capital paciente,
15:09
we've now found that it costs about a dollar in the private sector
276
884000
3000
nós descobrimos que custa cerca de um dólar ao setor privado
15:12
to distribute, and a dollar to buy the net.
277
887000
2000
para distribuir, e um dólar para comprar a rede.
15:14
So then, from a policy perspective, when you start with the market,
278
889000
4000
De uma perspectiva política, quando você começa ouvindo o mercado,
15:18
we have a choice.
279
893000
1000
nós passamos a ter uma escolha.
15:19
We can continue going along at 12 dollars a net, and the customer pays zero,
280
894000
6000
Podemos manter o custo de 12 dólares por rede, e o consumidor não pagar,
15:25
or we could at least experiment with some of it, to charge one dollar a net,
281
900000
6000
ou podemos tentar cobrar um dólar por rede,
15:31
costing the public sector another six dollars a net,
282
906000
3000
o setor público entrando com seis dólares por rede,
15:34
give the people the dignity of choice, and have a distribution system
283
909000
4000
e dar às pessoas a dignidade da escolha, criando um sistema de distribuição
15:38
that might, over time, start sustaining itself.
284
913000
3000
que poderia, com o tempo, ser auto-sustentável.
15:41
We've got to start having conversations like this,
285
916000
2000
Precisamos falar mais sobre isso,
15:43
and I don't think there's any better way to start than using the market,
286
918000
4000
e acho que não há nada melhor que usar o mercado,
15:47
but also to bring other people to the table around it.
287
922000
4000
mas deveríamos também trazer outras pessoas para a discussão.
15:51
Whenever I go to visit A to Z, I think of my grandmother, Stella.
288
926000
7000
Sempre que visito a A to Z, lembro de minha avó Stella.
15:58
She was very much like those women sitting behind the sewing machines.
289
933000
5000
Ela era como uma dessas matronas sentadas à máquina de costura.
16:03
She grew up on a farm in Austria, very poor,
290
938000
2000
Ela cresceu numa fazenda na Áustria, muito pobre,
16:05
didn't have very much education.
291
940000
2000
não teve muito acesso à educação.
16:07
She moved to the United States, where she met my grandfather,
292
942000
2000
Mudou para os Estados Unidos, onde encontrou meu avô,
16:09
who was a cement hauler,
293
944000
2000
que fazia transporte de cimento,
16:11
and they had nine children. Three of them died as babies.
294
946000
6000
e tiveram nove filhos. Três deles morreram ainda bebês.
16:17
My grandmother had tuberculosis, and she worked in a sewing machine shop,
295
952000
3000
Minha avó tinha tuberculose, e trabalhava numa loja de costura
16:20
making shirts for about 10 cents an hour.
296
955000
3000
fazendo camisas, ganhando 10 centavos a hora.
16:23
She, like so many of the women I see at A to Z,
297
958000
4000
Como muitas mulheres que vejo na A to Z,
16:27
worked hard every day, understood what suffering was,
298
962000
3000
ela trabalhava duro todos os dias, entendia o sofrimento,
16:30
had a deep faith in God, loved her children
299
965000
3000
tinha muita fé em Deus, amava seus filhos
16:33
and would never have accepted a handout.
300
968000
3000
e nunca aceitaria esmolas.
16:36
But because she had the opportunity of the marketplace,
301
971000
4000
Mas como ela teve a oportunidade do mercado,
16:40
and she lived in a society that provided the safety
302
975000
3000
e vivia numa sociedade que proporcionava a segurança
16:43
of having access to affordable health and education,
303
978000
4000
de acesso à saúde e à educação,
16:47
her children and their children were able to live
304
982000
4000
seus filhos e netos puderam viver
16:51
lives of real purpose and follow real dreams.
305
986000
3000
seus objetivos e perseguir sonhos reais.
16:54
I look around at my siblings and my cousins -- and as I said,
306
989000
4000
Eu olho para meus irmãos e primos - e como já disse,
16:58
there are a lot of us --
307
993000
2000
somos muitos -
17:00
and I see teachers and musicians, hedge fund managers, designers.
308
995000
6000
e vejo professores e músicos, gerentes de investimentos, designers.
17:06
One sister who makes other people's wishes come true.
309
1001000
3000
Uma irmã que realiza os sonhos de outras pessoas.
17:09
And my wish, when I see those women, I meet those farmers,
310
1004000
5000
E meu desejo, quando vejo essas mulheres, esses fazendeiros,
17:14
and I think about all the people across this continent
311
1009000
3000
e quando penso em todas as pessoas desse continente
17:17
who are working hard every day,
312
1012000
2000
que trabalham duro todos os dias,
17:19
is that they have that sense of opportunity and possibility,
313
1014000
4000
é que eles tenham esse senso de oportunidade e possibilidade,
17:23
and that they also can believe and get access to services,
314
1018000
5000
e que eles acreditem e tenham acesso a serviços
17:28
so that their children, too, can live those lives of great purpose.
315
1023000
4000
para que seus filhos também tenham grandes objetivos.
17:32
It shouldn't be that difficult.
316
1027000
2000
Não deveria ser tão difícil.
17:34
But what it takes is a commitment from all of us
317
1029000
4000
Mas o que é preciso é um compromisso de cada um de nós
17:38
to essentially refuse trite assumptions,
318
1033000
4000
basicamente para recusar as suposições triviais,
17:42
get out of our ideological boxes.
319
1037000
3000
sair de nossa visão ideológica fechada.
17:45
It takes investing in those entrepreneurs that are committed
320
1040000
3000
É preciso investir nos empresários comprometidos
17:48
to service as well as to success.
321
1043000
4000
não só com o sucesso, mas com a assistência.
17:52
It takes opening your arms, both, wide,
322
1047000
3000
É preciso abrir bem os braços,
17:55
and expecting very little love in return,
323
1050000
3000
e esperar muito pouco em troca,
17:58
but demanding accountability,
324
1053000
2000
mas exigir responsabilidade,
18:00
and bringing the accountability to the table as well.
325
1055000
3000
e trazer essa responsabilidade à tona também.
18:03
And most of all, most of all,
326
1058000
3000
E acima de tudo,
18:06
it requires that all of us have the courage and the patience,
327
1061000
4000
requer que todos tenhamos coragem e paciência,
18:10
whether we are rich or poor, African or non-African,
328
1065000
3000
sejamos nós ricos ou pobres, africanos ou não,
18:13
local or diaspora, left or right,
329
1068000
3000
nativos ou imigrantes, de esquerda ou de direita,
18:16
to really start listening to each other.
330
1071000
2000
para realmente ouvirmos uns aos outros.
18:18
Thank you.
331
1073000
2000
Obrigada.
18:20
(Applause)
332
1075000
10000
(Aplausos)
Translated by Cláudia Almeida
Reviewed by Leandro Cianconi

▲Back to top

ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jacqueline Novogratz - Investor and advocate for moral leadership
Jacqueline Novogratz works to enable human flourishing. Her organization, Acumen, invests in people, companies and ideas that see capital and networks as means, not ends, to solving the toughest issues of poverty.

Why you should listen

Jacqueline Novogratz writes: "I want to build a movement in which we define success based on the amount of human energy we release in the world.

"I started my career on Wall Street and soon discovered that markets are efficient, but by themselves they too often overlook or exploit the poor. So I moved to Rwanda in 1986 to help found the country’s first micro-finance bank. There I saw the humanitarian ethos of philanthropy, and also how often top-down solutions too often create dependency, the opposite of dignity. Through 30 years of working on solutions to poverty, I have come to redefine it for myself, seeing it not as how much income a person earns, but how free they are to make their own choices and decisions, how much agency they have over their own lives.

Acumen was founded to change the way the world tackles poverty in 2001. Our mission was simple – to raise philanthropy and invest it as patient capital – long-term investment in intrepid entrepreneurs willing to go where markets and government had failed the poor. We enable companies to experiment and fail, never wavering from a commitment to stand with the poor, yet understanding that profitability is necessary for sustainable solutions. We’ve invested more than $110M across South Asia, Africa, Latin America and the US, and have seen entire sectors disrupted and hundreds of millions served.

The work also taught that it was critical to invest in talent. To date, we’ve supported nearly 400 Acumen Fellows across lines of race, class, ethnicity, religion and ideology. They are a beautiful group, full of vision and grit, and a determination to do what is right, not easy. The group itself enables individual leaders to endure the loneliness that is part of the work.

And then we measure what matters rather than just what we can count. Take this all together and you see our mission to do what it takes to build a world in which all of us have the chance to dream and to flourish, not from a place of easy sentimentality but through a commitment to using the tools of capitalism and the attributes of moral leadership to focus on doing what it takes, and no less.

More profile about the speaker
Jacqueline Novogratz | Speaker | TED.com

Data provided by TED.

This site was created in May 2015 and the last update was on January 12, 2020. It will no longer be updated.

We are currently creating a new site called "eng.lish.video" and would be grateful if you could access it.

If you have any questions or suggestions, please feel free to write comments in your language on the contact form.

Privacy Policy

Developer's Blog

Buy Me A Coffee