ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Moshe Safdie - Architect
Moshe Safdie's buildings -- from grand libraries to intimate apartment complexes -- explore the qualities of light and the nature of private and public space.

Why you should listen

Moshe Safdie's master's thesis quickly became a cult building: his modular "Habitat '67" apartments for Montreal Expo '67. Within a dizzying pile of concrete, each apartment was carefully sited to have natural light and a tiny, private outdoor space for gardening. These themes have carried forward throughout Safdie's career -- his buildings tend to soak in the light, and to hold cozy, user-friendly spaces inside larger gestures.

He's a triple citizen of Canada, Israel and the United States, three places where the bulk of his buildings can be found: in Canada, the National Gallery in Ottawa, the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, the Vancouver public library. For Yad Vashem, the Holocaust museum in Jerusalem, he designed the Children's Memorial and the Memorial to the Deportees; he's also built airport terminals in Tel Aviv. In the US, he designed the elegant and understated Peabody Essex Museum in Salem, Masachusetts, and the Crystal Bridges Museum in Arkansas.

More profile about the speaker
Moshe Safdie | Speaker | TED.com
TED2014

Moshe Safdie: How to reinvent the apartment building

Moshe Safdie: Como reinventar o prédio residencial

Filmed:
1,771,800 views

Em 1967, Moshe Safdie reimaginou o prédio residencial monolítico, criando o "Habitat 67", que deu a cada unidade um senso de abertura sem precedentes. Quase 50 anos mais tarde, ele acredita que a necessidade por esse tipo de prédio é maior que nunca. Nesta breve palestra, Safdie pesquisa uma gama de projetos que prescindem de arranha-céus e permite que a luz permeie cidades de grande densidade populacional.
- Architect
Moshe Safdie's buildings -- from grand libraries to intimate apartment complexes -- explore the qualities of light and the nature of private and public space. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
When, in 1960, still a student,
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Em 1960, ainda estudante,
00:15
I got a traveling fellowship
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eu ganhei uma bolsa de estudos
00:18
to study housing in North America.
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para estudar moradias na América do Norte.
00:21
We traveled the country.
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Viajamos pelo país.
00:23
We saw public housing high-rise buildings
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Vimos arranha-céus de moradia pública
00:26
in all major cities:
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em todas as principais cidades:
00:28
New York, Philadelphia.
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Nova Iorque, Filadélfia.
00:31
Those who have no choice lived there.
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Quem não tinha escolha morava lá.
00:33
And then we traveled from suburb to suburb,
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E viajamos de subúrbio em subúrbio,
00:36
and I came back thinking,
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e eu voltei pensando:
00:38
we've got to reinvent the apartment building.
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"Temos que reinventar
os prédios de apartamentos.
00:40
There has to be another way of doing this.
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Há de haver outro modo de fazer isso.
00:43
We can't sustain suburbs,
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Não podemos manter subúrbios,
00:45
so let's design a building
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então vamos desenhar um prédio
00:48
which gives the qualities of a house
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que dê as qualidades de uma casa
00:51
to each unit.
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a cada unidade."
00:52
Habitat would be all about gardens,
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O Habitat teria foco em jardins,
00:56
contact with nature,
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contato com a natureza,
00:58
streets instead of corridors.
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ruas, em vez de corredores.
01:00
We prefabricated it so we would achieve economy,
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Nós pré-fabricamos para fazermos economia,
01:04
and there it is almost 50 years later.
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e aí está, quase 50 anos depois.
01:09
It's a very desirable place to live in.
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É um lugar bastante desejável para morar.
01:13
It's now a heritage building,
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Agora é um edifício histórico,
01:15
but it did not proliferate.
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mas não se proliferou.
01:19
In 1973, I made my first trip to China.
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Em 1973, fiz minha primeira
viagem à China.
01:24
It was the Cultural Revolution.
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Era a Revolução Cultural.
01:28
We traveled the country,
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Viajamos pelo país,
01:30
met with architects and planners.
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e nos reunimos com arquitetos
e urbanistas.
01:33
This is Beijing then,
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Esta é Pequim naquela época,
01:35
not a single high rise building
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nem um único arranha-céu
01:38
in Beijing or Shanghai.
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em Pequim ou Xangai.
01:41
Shenzhen didn't even exist as a city.
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Shenzhen nem existia como cidade.
01:44
There were hardly any cars.
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Quase não havia carros.
01:48
Thirty years later,
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Trinta anos mais tarde,
01:50
this is Beijing today.
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esta é Pequim hoje.
01:53
This is Hong Kong.
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Esta é Hong Kong.
01:55
If you're wealthy, you live there,
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Se você é rico, mora aqui,
01:58
if you're poor, you live there,
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se é pobre, mora aí,
02:00
but high density it is, and it's not just Asia.
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mas a densidade é alta, e não só na Ásia.
02:03
São Paulo, you can travel
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Em São Paulo, você pode voar
02:05
in a helicopter 45 minutes
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de helicóptero por 45 minutos
02:07
seeing those high-rise buildings consume
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vendo arranha-céus consumindo
02:09
the 19th-century low-rise environment.
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o ambiente de poucos pisos do século 19.
02:12
And with it, comes congestion,
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E com isso vem o congestionamento,
02:14
and we lose mobility, and so on and so forth.
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perdemos mobilidade, e assim por diante.
02:18
So a few years ago, we decided to go back
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Então há poucos anos decidimos voltar
02:21
and rethink Habitat.
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e repensar o Habitat.
02:23
Could we make it more affordable?
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Poderíamos torná-lo mais acessível?
02:25
Could we actually achieve this quality of life
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Poderíamos realmente alcançar
essa qualidade de vida
02:28
in the densities that are prevailing today?
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nas densidades predominantes hoje em dia?
02:33
And we realized, it's basically about light,
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E percebemos que trata-se
basicamente da luz.
02:36
it's about sun, it's about nature,
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Tem a ver com o sol, com a natureza,
02:39
it's about fractalization.
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tem a ver com a fractalização.
02:41
Can we open up the surface of the building
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Podemos abrir a superfície do prédio
02:44
so that it has more contact with the exterior?
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para que ele tenha
mais contato com o exterior?
02:47
We came up with a number of models:
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Criamos diversos modelos:
02:49
economy models, cheaper to build and more compact;
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modelos econômicos, mais baratos
de construir e mais compactos;
02:53
membranes of housing
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membranas habitacionais
02:55
where people could design their own house
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onde as pessoas pudessem desenhar
a própria casa
02:57
and create their own gardens.
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e criar os próprios jardins.
03:00
And then we decided to take New York as a test case,
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Então decidimos tomar Nova York
como caso de teste,
03:03
and we looked at Lower Manhattan.
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e analisamos parte baixa de Manhattan.
03:06
And we mapped all the building area in Manhattan.
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Mapeamos toda a área construída
de Manhattan.
03:09
On the left is Manhattan today:
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À esquerda, está Manhattan hoje:
03:13
blue for housing, red for office buildings, retail.
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azul para habitações, vermelho para
prédios comerciais, varejo.
03:17
On the right, we reconfigured it:
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À direita, nós a reconfiguramos:
03:20
the office buildings form the base,
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os prédios comerciais formam a base,
03:22
and then rising 75 stories above,
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e os 75 andares acima
03:25
are apartments.
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são apartamentos.
03:27
There's a street in the air on the 25th level,
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Há uma rua suspensa no 25º andar,
03:30
a community street.
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uma rua comunitária.
03:32
It's permeable.
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Ela é permeável.
03:33
There are gardens and open spaces
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Há jardins e espaços abertos
03:35
for the community,
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para a comunidade,
03:37
almost every unit with its own private garden,
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quase todas as unidades com
seu próprio jardim particular,
03:40
and community space all around.
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e espaço comunitário por toda parte.
03:43
And most important, permeable, open.
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E o mais importante, permeável, aberto.
03:46
It does not form a wall or an obstruction in the city,
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Não forma um muro ou obstrução na cidade,
03:49
and light permeates everywhere.
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e a luz permeia todos os lugares.
03:52
And in the last two or three years,
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E nos últimos dois ou três anos,
03:54
we've actually been, for the first time,
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pudemos realmente, pela primeira vez,
03:56
realizing the quality of life of Habitat
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perceber a qualidade de vida do Habitat
04:00
in real-life projects across Asia.
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em projetos de vida real por toda a Ásia.
04:04
This in Qinhuangdao in China:
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Isto é em Qinhuangdao na China:
04:07
middle-income housing, where there is a bylaw
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habitações para renda média,
onde há uma norma
04:09
that every apartment must receive
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de que todo apartamento deve receber
04:12
three hours of sunlight.
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três horas de luz do sol.
04:15
That's measured in the winter solstice.
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A medição é feita no solstício de inverno.
04:18
And under construction in Singapore,
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E sendo construído em Cingapura,
04:21
again middle-income housing, gardens,
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novamente habitações
de renda média, jardins,
04:24
community streets and parks and so on and so forth.
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ruas comunitárias, parques, etc.
04:28
And Colombo.
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E Colombo.
04:31
And I want to touch on one more issue,
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Quero tocar numa outra questão,
04:33
which is the design of the public realm.
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que é o design da esfera pública.
04:37
A hundred years after we've begun building
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Cem anos após começarmos a construir
04:40
with tall buildings,
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com prédios altos,
04:42
we are yet to understand
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ainda precisamos compreender
04:44
how the tall high-rise building
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como o arranha-céu
04:47
becomes a building block in making a city,
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se torna um bloco de construção da cidade,
04:50
in creating the public realm.
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na criação da esfera pública.
04:53
In Singapore, we had an opportunity:
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Em Cingapura, tivemos uma oportunidade:
04:55
10 million square feet, extremely high density.
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10 milhões de metros quadrados,
densidade extremamente alta,
04:58
Taking the concept of outdoor and indoor,
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tomando o conceito
de ambientes externos e internos,
05:03
promenades and parks integrated
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passeios e parques integrados
05:05
with intense urban life.
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com intensa vida urbana.
05:07
So they are outdoor spaces and indoor spaces,
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Logo temos espaços externos e internos,
05:11
and you move from one to the other,
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e você passa de um para o outro,
05:13
and there is contact with nature,
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e há contato com a natureza,
05:15
and most relevantly, at every level of the structure,
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e, principalmente,
em cada nível da estrutura,
05:19
public gardens and open space:
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jardins públicos e espaço aberto.
05:21
on the roof of the podium,
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No telhado do pódio,
05:23
climbing up the towers,
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subindo pelas torres,
05:25
and finally on the roof, the sky park,
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e finalmente no telhado, o parque do céu,
05:29
two and a half acres, jogging paths, restaurants,
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dois acres e meio, pistas para correr,
restaurantes,
05:32
and the world's longest swimming pool.
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e a piscina mais longa do mundo.
05:38
And that's all I can tell you in five minutes.
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E isso é tudo que eu posso contar a vocês
em cinco minutos.
05:40
Thank you.
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Obrigado
05:42
(Applause)
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(Aplausos)
Translated by Marcia de Brito
Reviewed by Marisa Piratelli

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Moshe Safdie - Architect
Moshe Safdie's buildings -- from grand libraries to intimate apartment complexes -- explore the qualities of light and the nature of private and public space.

Why you should listen

Moshe Safdie's master's thesis quickly became a cult building: his modular "Habitat '67" apartments for Montreal Expo '67. Within a dizzying pile of concrete, each apartment was carefully sited to have natural light and a tiny, private outdoor space for gardening. These themes have carried forward throughout Safdie's career -- his buildings tend to soak in the light, and to hold cozy, user-friendly spaces inside larger gestures.

He's a triple citizen of Canada, Israel and the United States, three places where the bulk of his buildings can be found: in Canada, the National Gallery in Ottawa, the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, the Vancouver public library. For Yad Vashem, the Holocaust museum in Jerusalem, he designed the Children's Memorial and the Memorial to the Deportees; he's also built airport terminals in Tel Aviv. In the US, he designed the elegant and understated Peabody Essex Museum in Salem, Masachusetts, and the Crystal Bridges Museum in Arkansas.

More profile about the speaker
Moshe Safdie | Speaker | TED.com

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