ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Moshe Safdie - Architect
Moshe Safdie's buildings -- from grand libraries to intimate apartment complexes -- explore the qualities of light and the nature of private and public space.

Why you should listen

Moshe Safdie's master's thesis quickly became a cult building: his modular "Habitat '67" apartments for Montreal Expo '67. Within a dizzying pile of concrete, each apartment was carefully sited to have natural light and a tiny, private outdoor space for gardening. These themes have carried forward throughout Safdie's career -- his buildings tend to soak in the light, and to hold cozy, user-friendly spaces inside larger gestures.

He's a triple citizen of Canada, Israel and the United States, three places where the bulk of his buildings can be found: in Canada, the National Gallery in Ottawa, the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, the Vancouver public library. For Yad Vashem, the Holocaust museum in Jerusalem, he designed the Children's Memorial and the Memorial to the Deportees; he's also built airport terminals in Tel Aviv. In the US, he designed the elegant and understated Peabody Essex Museum in Salem, Masachusetts, and the Crystal Bridges Museum in Arkansas.

More profile about the speaker
Moshe Safdie | Speaker | TED.com
TED2014

Moshe Safdie: How to reinvent the apartment building

摩西·萨夫迪: 如何重新设计公寓建筑

Filmed:
1,771,800 views

1967年,摩西·萨夫迪重新定义了独栋公寓楼,打造了“人居67号”。这给了每个住宅单位前所未有的开放性。近50年后,他认为这类建筑的需求更大了。在这简短的演讲中,萨夫迪设计了一系列的高层项目,它们密度高但照顾到了采光与通透感。
- Architect
Moshe Safdie's buildings -- from grand libraries to intimate apartment complexes -- explore the qualities of light and the nature of private and public space. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
When, in 1960, still a student学生,
0
964
2770
1960年,当我还是个学生
00:15
I got a traveling旅行 fellowship奖学金
1
3734
2425
我拿到一个旅行奖学金
00:18
to study研究 housing住房 in North America美国.
2
6159
3061
去研究北美的建筑。
00:21
We traveled旅行 the country国家.
3
9220
2284
我们去了美国。
00:23
We saw public上市 housing住房 high-rise高楼 buildings房屋
4
11504
3105
我们在所有的大城市
00:26
in all major重大的 cities城市:
5
14609
2341
看到了公共高层建筑:
00:28
New York纽约, Philadelphia费城.
6
16950
2080
纽约、费城...
00:31
Those who have no choice选择 lived生活 there.
7
19030
2969
那些(大城市的)人只能住在那儿。
00:33
And then we traveled旅行 from suburb市郊 to suburb市郊,
8
21999
2295
我们从一个市郊到另一个市郊,
00:36
and I came来了 back thinking思维,
9
24294
2048
然后我重新思考
00:38
we've我们已经 got to reinvent重塑 the apartment公寓 building建造.
10
26342
2654
我们需要重新设计公寓建筑。
00:40
There has to be another另一个 way of doing this.
11
28996
2679
应该有别的解决方案。
00:43
We can't sustain支持 suburbs郊区,
12
31675
2035
这无法维持郊区的持续发展,
00:45
so let's design设计 a building建造
13
33710
2565
我们要设计一种建筑
00:48
which哪一个 gives the qualities气质 of a house
14
36275
3243
可以给每一个住户单元
00:51
to each unit单元.
15
39518
1171
都具有房屋的特性。
00:52
Habitat栖息地 would be all about gardens花园,
16
40689
4161
居住环境要有花园,
00:56
contact联系 with nature性质,
17
44850
1905
要和自然接触,
00:58
streets街道 instead代替 of corridors走廊.
18
46755
2184
有街道而不是死气沉沉的走廊。
01:00
We prefabricated预制 it so we would achieve实现 economy经济,
19
48939
3798
我们预制了每个单元来降低成本
01:04
and there it is almost几乎 50 years年份 later后来.
20
52737
5243
这就是了,在距离我访美50年之后。
01:09
It's a very desirable合意 place地点 to live生活 in.
21
57980
3371
这是个很理想的住宅。
01:13
It's now a heritage遗产 building建造,
22
61351
2459
这个房子现在已经成为文物了,
01:15
but it did not proliferate增生.
23
63810
3603
但没有得到推广.
01:19
In 1973, I made制作 my first trip to China中国.
24
67413
4704
1973年,我第一次去中国
01:24
It was the Cultural文化 Revolution革命.
25
72117
4266
那时还在文化大革命
01:28
We traveled旅行 the country国家,
26
76383
2148
我们到处看看
01:30
met会见 with architects建筑师 and planners规划者.
27
78531
3229
会见建造师和规划师。
01:33
This is Beijing北京 then,
28
81760
2216
这是当时的北京,
01:35
not a single high rise上升 building建造
29
83976
2872
在当时的北京或上海
01:38
in Beijing北京 or Shanghai上海.
30
86848
2284
一栋高楼都没有。
01:41
Shenzhen深圳 didn't even exist存在 as a city.
31
89132
3858
深圳还没设立成地级市呢
01:44
There were hardly几乎不 any cars汽车.
32
92990
3279
街上基本看不到汽车。
01:48
Thirty三十 years年份 later后来,
33
96269
2651
三十年过去了,
01:50
this is Beijing北京 today今天.
34
98920
2995
这是北京的现状。
01:53
This is Hong香港 Kong.
35
101915
1713
这是香港。
01:55
If you're wealthy富裕, you live生活 there,
36
103628
2500
如果你有钱,那你可以住在那里。
01:58
if you're poor较差的, you live生活 there,
37
106128
2420
如果你不是很富裕,那你只能住在那里,
02:00
but high density密度 it is, and it's not just Asia亚洲.
38
108548
2666
不过是密度高一点。这不仅仅发生在亚洲。
02:03
São Paulo圣保罗, you can travel旅行
39
111214
1957
在圣保罗
02:05
in a helicopter直升机 45 minutes分钟
40
113171
2524
在直升机乘上45分钟
02:07
seeing眼看 those high-rise高楼 buildings房屋 consume消耗
41
115695
2010
你可以看到现代高层建筑
02:09
the 19th-centuryTH-世纪 low-rise低层 environment环境.
42
117705
2636
取代了十九世纪留下来的矮房子的。
02:12
And with it, comes congestion拥塞,
43
120341
2311
随之而来的是拥挤,
02:14
and we lose失去 mobility流动性, and so on and so forth向前.
44
122652
4022
我们的出行拥堵,等等这类问题
02:18
So a few少数 years年份 ago, we decided决定 to go back
45
126674
2550
几年之前,我们决定返回起点
02:21
and rethink反思 Habitat栖息地.
46
129224
1914
反思什么是居住环境。
02:23
Could we make it more affordable实惠?
47
131138
2689
我们能不能让它更价格适宜?
02:25
Could we actually其实 achieve实现 this quality质量 of life
48
133827
3063
我们能不能在维持现有密度的情况下
02:28
in the densities密度 that are prevailing优势 today今天?
49
136890
4407
满足生活品质的需求?
02:33
And we realized实现, it's basically基本上 about light,
50
141297
2863
然后我们意识到,这主要取决于采光
02:36
it's about sun太阳, it's about nature性质,
51
144160
3062
取决于太阳,取决于环境。
02:39
it's about fractalizationfractalization.
52
147222
2180
这要求我们把传统建筑变形。
02:41
Can we open打开 up the surface表面 of the building建造
53
149402
3229
我们能不能开放建筑的几个外立面,
02:44
so that it has more contact联系 with the exterior外观?
54
152631
2868
让它跟外部环境有更好的接触呢?
02:47
We came来了 up with a number of models楷模:
55
155499
2239
我们提出了几个方案:
02:49
economy经济 models楷模, cheaper便宜 to build建立 and more compact紧凑;
56
157738
3836
经济型的,更便宜而且更紧凑;
02:53
membranes of housing住房
57
161574
2047
膜结构的,
02:55
where people could design设计 their own拥有 house
58
163621
2359
人们可以自行设计他们的房子
02:57
and create创建 their own拥有 gardens花园.
59
165980
2107
建造属于自己的花园。
03:00
And then we decided决定 to take New York纽约 as a test测试 case案件,
60
168087
3881
我们决定在纽约做个试点,
03:03
and we looked看着 at Lower降低 Manhattan曼哈顿.
61
171968
2047
我们把注意力放在了曼哈顿下城区。
03:06
And we mapped映射 all the building建造 area in Manhattan曼哈顿.
62
174015
3825
把所有的建筑做成图例
03:09
On the left is Manhattan曼哈顿 today今天:
63
177840
3375
左边是实际情况
03:13
blue蓝色 for housing住房, red for office办公室 buildings房屋, retail零售.
64
181215
4387
蓝色的是住宅,红色的是写字楼,商场
03:17
On the right, we reconfigured重新配置 it:
65
185602
2599
右边是我们重新规划的:
03:20
the office办公室 buildings房屋 form形成 the base基础,
66
188201
2317
底层是办公建筑
03:22
and then rising升起 75 stories故事 above以上,
67
190518
3263
上面是75个商店
03:25
are apartments公寓.
68
193781
1379
再上面是公寓
03:27
There's a street in the air空气 on the 25th level水平,
69
195160
2976
在第25层有一个空中步行街,
03:30
a community社区 street.
70
198136
2014
是社区街道。
03:32
It's permeable透水.
71
200150
1609
是透光的。
03:33
There are gardens花园 and open打开 spaces空间
72
201759
1953
那里有花园和开放式空间
03:35
for the community社区,
73
203712
1444
给社区居民使用。
03:37
almost几乎 every一切 unit单元 with its own拥有 private私人的 garden花园,
74
205156
3209
基本上每个单元都有私家花园
03:40
and community社区 space空间 all around.
75
208365
2662
周围有的社区空间。
03:43
And most important重要, permeable透水, open打开.
76
211027
3160
最重要的是它通光,是开放式的。
03:46
It does not form形成 a wall or an obstruction梗阻 in the city,
77
214187
3397
没有墙或者别的遮挡,
03:49
and light permeates渗透 everywhere到处.
78
217584
2835
跟外界相通,所以有充足的采光。
03:52
And in the last two or three years年份,
79
220419
1657
就在这两三年
03:54
we've我们已经 actually其实 been, for the first time,
80
222076
2572
现实生活中我们有一个横跨亚洲的项目
03:56
realizing实现 the quality质量 of life of Habitat栖息地
81
224648
3713
在这个项目里我们第一次真正意识到
04:00
in real-life现实生活 projects项目 across横过 Asia亚洲.
82
228361
3707
什么叫做居住环境的生活质量。
04:04
This in Qinhuangdao秦皇岛 in China中国:
83
232068
3234
是在中国的秦皇岛市。
04:07
middle-income中等收入 housing住房, where there is a bylaw条例
84
235302
2578
这个住宅建筑是为中等收入家庭设计的。
04:09
that every一切 apartment公寓 must必须 receive接收
85
237880
2707
有一个法规要求:所有房屋
04:12
three hours小时 of sunlight阳光.
86
240587
2756
每天至少能接收到3个小时的采光。
04:15
That's measured测量 in the winter冬季 solstice冬至.
87
243343
2890
这是在冬至日测量的(北半球冬至天日照最少)
04:18
And under construction施工 in Singapore新加坡,
88
246233
3427
这是位于新加坡的正在建造的
04:21
again middle-income中等收入 housing住房, gardens花园,
89
249660
3222
也是面向中等收入家庭,
04:24
community社区 streets街道 and parks公园 and so on and so forth向前.
90
252882
3866
也有花园、公共街区、公园,等等
04:28
And Colombo科伦坡.
91
256748
2450
这是在科伦坡
04:31
And I want to touch触摸 on one more issue问题,
92
259198
2216
我想再讲一点,
04:33
which哪一个 is the design设计 of the public上市 realm领域.
93
261414
3685
就是公共区域的设计划分。
04:37
A hundred years年份 after we've我们已经 begun开始 building建造
94
265099
3594
在我们开始建造高层建筑
04:40
with tall buildings房屋,
95
268693
1732
的一百年以后,
04:42
we are yet然而 to understand理解
96
270425
2340
我们仍然没有想明白
04:44
how the tall high-rise高楼 building建造
97
272765
2925
为什么高层建筑
04:47
becomes a building建造 block in making制造 a city,
98
275690
2835
反而会成为
04:50
in creating创建 the public上市 realm领域.
99
278525
2823
组建城市公共区域的阻碍。
04:53
In Singapore新加坡, we had an opportunity机会:
100
281348
2419
在新加坡,我们有了解决的机会
04:55
10 million百万 square广场 feet, extremely非常 high density密度.
101
283767
3223
建筑面积一千万平方英尺(约九十万平方米),
超高建筑密度。
04:58
Taking the concept概念 of outdoor户外 and indoor室内,
102
286990
4122
我们采用了把室内、室外,
05:03
promenades长廊 and parks公园 integrated集成
103
291112
2251
长廊跟公园,
05:05
with intense激烈 urban城市的 life.
104
293363
2182
和繁忙的都市生活相整合的理念。
05:07
So they are outdoor户外 spaces空间 and indoor室内 spaces空间,
105
295545
3588
这里有室外空间,有室内空间
05:11
and you move移动 from one to the other,
106
299133
1977
你可以到处乱逛
05:13
and there is contact联系 with nature性质,
107
301110
2107
还可以去大自然接触
05:15
and most relevantly贴切, at every一切 level水平 of the structure结构体,
108
303217
3971
最主要的,在建筑的每一层
05:19
public上市 gardens花园 and open打开 space空间:
109
307188
2689
都有公共绿化和开放空间:
05:21
on the roof屋顶 of the podium讲台,
110
309877
1766
在高台的顶上,
05:23
climbing攀登 up the towers,
111
311643
1799
在高塔上,
05:25
and finally最后 on the roof屋顶, the sky天空 park公园,
112
313442
3938
在楼顶有天际公园。
05:29
two and a half acres, jogging跑步 paths路径, restaurants餐馆,
113
317380
3374
两公顷半(注:约一万平方)的空间里有
慢跑道路,餐厅,
05:32
and the world's世界 longest最长 swimming游泳的 pool.
114
320754
5355
还有世界上最长的游泳池。
05:38
And that's all I can tell you in five minutes分钟.
115
326109
2756
好像5分钟我也就只能讲这么多了呢。
05:40
Thank you.
116
328865
1868
谢谢。
05:42
(Applause掌声)
117
330733
2697
(掌声)
Translated by Michael Ge 葛叔
Reviewed by Simon Cai

▲Back to top

ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Moshe Safdie - Architect
Moshe Safdie's buildings -- from grand libraries to intimate apartment complexes -- explore the qualities of light and the nature of private and public space.

Why you should listen

Moshe Safdie's master's thesis quickly became a cult building: his modular "Habitat '67" apartments for Montreal Expo '67. Within a dizzying pile of concrete, each apartment was carefully sited to have natural light and a tiny, private outdoor space for gardening. These themes have carried forward throughout Safdie's career -- his buildings tend to soak in the light, and to hold cozy, user-friendly spaces inside larger gestures.

He's a triple citizen of Canada, Israel and the United States, three places where the bulk of his buildings can be found: in Canada, the National Gallery in Ottawa, the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, the Vancouver public library. For Yad Vashem, the Holocaust museum in Jerusalem, he designed the Children's Memorial and the Memorial to the Deportees; he's also built airport terminals in Tel Aviv. In the US, he designed the elegant and understated Peabody Essex Museum in Salem, Masachusetts, and the Crystal Bridges Museum in Arkansas.

More profile about the speaker
Moshe Safdie | Speaker | TED.com