ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Moshe Safdie - Architect
Moshe Safdie's buildings -- from grand libraries to intimate apartment complexes -- explore the qualities of light and the nature of private and public space.

Why you should listen

Moshe Safdie's master's thesis quickly became a cult building: his modular "Habitat '67" apartments for Montreal Expo '67. Within a dizzying pile of concrete, each apartment was carefully sited to have natural light and a tiny, private outdoor space for gardening. These themes have carried forward throughout Safdie's career -- his buildings tend to soak in the light, and to hold cozy, user-friendly spaces inside larger gestures.

He's a triple citizen of Canada, Israel and the United States, three places where the bulk of his buildings can be found: in Canada, the National Gallery in Ottawa, the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, the Vancouver public library. For Yad Vashem, the Holocaust museum in Jerusalem, he designed the Children's Memorial and the Memorial to the Deportees; he's also built airport terminals in Tel Aviv. In the US, he designed the elegant and understated Peabody Essex Museum in Salem, Masachusetts, and the Crystal Bridges Museum in Arkansas.

More profile about the speaker
Moshe Safdie | Speaker | TED.com
TED2014

Moshe Safdie: How to reinvent the apartment building

Moše Safdi (Moshe Safdie): Kako smo preporodili stambene zgrade

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Moše Safdi je 1967. potpuno izmenio pravougaone stambene zgrade stvorivši ,,Stanište '67'', u kojoj je svaki stan bio otvoren u do tada neviđenoj meri. Nakon gotovo 50 godina smatra da nam ovakve zgrade trebaju više nego ikad. U ovom kratkom govoru, Safdi navodi niz projekata koji bi uklonili nebodere i omogućili svetlosti da prodre u gusto naseljene gradove.
- Architect
Moshe Safdie's buildings -- from grand libraries to intimate apartment complexes -- explore the qualities of light and the nature of private and public space. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
When, in 1960, still a studentученик,
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1960. sam, kao student,
00:15
I got a travelingпутовање fellowshipzajedništvo
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dobio stipendiju za studije
00:18
to studyстудија housingстановање in NorthSever AmericaAmerika.
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urbanizma u Severnoj Americi.
00:21
We traveledпутовао the countryземљу.
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Proputovali smo državu.
00:23
We saw publicјавно housingстановање high-risenebodera buildingsзграде
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Videli smo višespratnice
sa socijalnim stanovima
00:26
in all majorглавни citiesградова:
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u svim većim gradovima:
00:28
NewNovi YorkYork, PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia.
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Njujorku, Filadelfiji.
00:31
Those who have no choiceизбор livedживели there.
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Tamo žive oni koji nemaju gde drugde.
00:33
And then we traveledпутовао from suburbpredgrađu to suburbpredgrađu,
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Zatim smo išli od predgrađa do predgrađa,
00:36
and I cameДошао back thinkingразмишљање,
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i u povratku sam pomislio,
00:38
we'veми смо got to reinventobnovim the apartmentстан buildingзграде.
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moraćemo da preporodimo stambene zgrade.
00:40
There has to be anotherдруги way of doing this.
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Sigurno može i drugačije.
00:43
We can't sustainодржи suburbsпредграђа,
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Predgrađa su pretrpana,
00:45
so let's designдизајн a buildingзграде
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hajde onda da osmislimo zgradu
00:48
whichкоја givesдаје the qualitiesквалитете of a houseкућа
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u kojoj će svaki stan
00:51
to eachсваки unitјединица.
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biti poput kuće.
00:52
HabitatStanište would be all about gardensGardens,
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U Staništu bi glavne bile bašte,
00:56
contactконтакт with natureприрода,
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dodir sa prirodom,
00:58
streetsулице insteadуместо тога of corridorskoridori.
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ulice umesto hodnika.
01:00
We prefabricatedmontažno it so we would achieveпостићи economyекономија,
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Unapred smo proizvedi delove
da bismo uštedeli,
01:04
and there it is almostскоро 50 yearsгодине laterкасније.
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i ovako izgleda nakon skoro 50 godina.
01:09
It's a very desirableпожељан placeместо to liveживи in.
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Mnogi žele da žive u njoj.
01:13
It's now a heritagebaštine buildingзграде,
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Sada je deo kulturne baštine,
01:15
but it did not proliferateparije.
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ali ideja nije zaživela.
01:19
In 1973, I madeмаде my first tripпутовање to ChinaKina.
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1973. sam prvi put otputovao u Kinu.
01:24
It was the CulturalKulturni RevolutionRevolucija.
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Tad je trajala Kulturna revolucija.
01:28
We traveledпутовао the countryземљу,
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Proputovali smo državu
01:30
metиспуњен with architectsархитекте and plannersпланери.
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i sreli arhitekte i planere.
01:33
This is BeijingBeijing then,
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Ovo je Peking iz tog vremena,
01:35
not a singleједно highвисоко riseпораст buildingзграде
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nije bilo nijedne višespratnice
01:38
in BeijingBeijing or ShanghaiShanghai.
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ni u Pekingu, ni u Šangaju.
01:41
ShenzhenShenzhen didn't even existпостоје as a cityград.
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Šenđen tad nije ni postojao.
01:44
There were hardlyтешко any carsаутомобили.
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Skoro da nije bilo automobila.
01:48
ThirtyTrideset yearsгодине laterкасније,
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Ovako Peking izgleda
01:50
this is BeijingBeijing todayданас.
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posle trideset godina.
01:53
This is HongHong KongKong.
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Ovo je Hong Kong.
01:55
If you're wealthyбогати, you liveживи there,
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Ako ste bogati, živite tu,
01:58
if you're poorлоше, you liveживи there,
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ako niste, onda živite ovde,
02:00
but highвисоко densityгустина it is, and it's not just AsiaAsia.
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ali svuda je gusto naseljeno,
i to ne samo u Aziji.
02:03
São PauloPaulo, you can travelпутовање
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U Sao Paolu možete 45 minuta
02:05
in a helicopterхеликоптер 45 minutesминута
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da letite helikopterom
02:07
seeingвиди those high-risenebodera buildingsзграде consumeконзумирати
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i gledate kako višespratnice zamenjuju
02:09
the 19th-centuryвек low-risekratke environmentЖивотна средина.
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prizemne kuće iz XIX veka.
02:12
And with it, comesдолази congestionзагушење,
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A uz njih dolazi gust saobraćaj,
02:14
and we loseизгубити mobilityмобилност, and so on and so forthнапред.
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slaba pokretljivost i tako dalje.
02:18
So a fewнеколико yearsгодине agoпре, we decidedодлучио to go back
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Tako da smo pre nekoliko godina odlučili
02:21
and rethinkпоновно размислите HabitatStanište.
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da razvijemo Stanište iz početka.
02:23
Could we make it more affordableприступачан?
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Može li da bude pristupačnije?
02:25
Could we actuallyзаправо achieveпостићи this qualityквалитета of life
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Može li se takav kvalitet života postići
02:28
in the densitiessmo se dvoumili that are prevailingпреовлађујући todayданас?
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u gusto naseljenim oblastima današnjice?
02:33
And we realizedреализован, it's basicallyу основи about lightсветло,
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Shvatili smo da je u pitaju svetlost,
02:36
it's about sunсунце, it's about natureприрода,
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sunce, priroda,
02:39
it's about fractalizationfractalization.
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fraktalizacija.
02:41
Can we openотворен up the surfaceповршина of the buildingзграде
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Može li površina zgrade da se otvori
02:44
so that it has more contactконтакт with the exteriorекстеријер?
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kako bi se postigao
veći kontakt sa spoljašnosti?
02:47
We cameДошао up with a numberброј of modelsмодели:
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Razvili smo razne modele:
02:49
economyекономија modelsмодели, cheaperјефтиније to buildизградити and more compactкомпакт;
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štedljive modele, jeftinije i kompaktnije;
02:53
membranesмембране of housingстановање
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okvire stanova,
02:55
where people could designдизајн theirњихова ownвластити houseкућа
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kod kojih ljudi sami dizajniraju kuću
02:57
and createстворити theirњихова ownвластити gardensGardens.
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i stvaraju baštu.
03:00
And then we decidedодлучио to take NewNovi YorkYork as a testтест caseслучај,
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Odlučili smo da probu obavimo u Njujorku
03:03
and we lookedпогледао at LowerNiže ManhattanManhattan.
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i okrenuli smo se ka južnom Menhetnu.
03:06
And we mappedmapirano all the buildingзграде areaподручје in ManhattanManhattan.
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Napravili smo mapu
građevinskih zona u Menhetnu.
03:09
On the left is ManhattanManhattan todayданас:
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Levo je Menhetn sada:
03:13
blueПлави for housingстановање, redцрвена for officeканцеларија buildingsзграде, retailмалопродаја.
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plavo su stanovi,
crveno poslovne zgrade, prodavnice.
03:17
On the right, we reconfiguredponovo konfigurisati it:
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Desno smo ga preuredili:
03:20
the officeканцеларија buildingsзграде formобразац the baseбазу,
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poslovne zgrade čine osnovu,
03:22
and then risingу порасту 75 storiesприче aboveгоре,
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dok su stanovi
03:25
are apartmentsапартмани.
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75 spratova iznad.
03:27
There's a streetулица in the airваздух on the 25thтх levelниво,
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Na 25. spratu se nalazi viseća ulica,
03:30
a communityзаједница streetулица.
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javna ulica.
03:32
It's permeableprohodna.
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Otvorena je.
03:33
There are gardensGardens and openотворен spacesпросторе
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Tu su vrtovi
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for the communityзаједница,
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i javne površine,
03:37
almostскоро everyсваки unitјединица with its ownвластити privateприватни gardenврт,
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skoro svaki stan ima sopstvenu baštu
03:40
and communityзаједница spaceпростор all around.
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i svuda je javni prostor.
03:43
And mostнајвише importantважно, permeableprohodna, openотворен.
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I najvažnije je da je sve otvoreno.
03:46
It does not formобразац a wallзид or an obstructionometanje in the cityград,
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Nema zidova koji bi zaklanjali pogled
03:49
and lightсветло permeatesproћima everywhereсвуда.
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i svetlost može svuda da prodire.
03:52
And in the last two or threeтри yearsгодине,
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Poslednje dve ili tri godine
03:54
we'veми смо actuallyзаправо been, for the first time,
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smo čak prvi put uspeli
03:56
realizingреализинг the qualityквалитета of life of HabitatStanište
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da u projektima širom Azije
04:00
in real-lifestvarni projectsпројеката acrossпреко AsiaAsia.
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ostvarimo kvalitet života kao u Staništu.
04:04
This in QinhuangdaoQinhuangdao in ChinaKina:
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Ovo je Čingvandao u Kini:
04:07
middle-incomesredoveиnih housingстановање, where there is a bylawpodzakonski akt
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stanovi za srednju klasu,
ali postoji pravilo
04:09
that everyсваки apartmentстан mustмора receiveпримити
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da svaki stan mora dnevno da primi
04:12
threeтри hoursсати of sunlightсунчева светлост.
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tri sata sunčeve svetlosti.
04:15
That's measuredизмерена in the winterзима solsticesolsticija.
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Meri se tokom zimske kratkodnevnice.
04:18
And underиспод constructionконструкција in SingaporeSingapur,
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A i u Singapuru se grade
04:21
again middle-incomesredoveиnih housingстановање, gardensGardens,
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stanovi za srednju klasu, bašte,
04:24
communityзаједница streetsулице and parksпаркови and so on and so forthнапред.
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javne ulice i parkovi i tako dalje.
04:28
And ColomboColombo.
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Kao i u Kolambu.
04:31
And I want to touchдодирни on one more issueпитање,
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Hteo bih još samo da se osvrnem
04:33
whichкоја is the designдизајн of the publicјавно realmреалм.
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na dizajn javnih površina.
04:37
A hundredсто yearsгодине after we'veми смо begunпочело buildingзграде
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Već stotinu godina
gradimo višespratnice
04:40
with tallвисок buildingsзграде,
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04:42
we are yetјош увек to understandРазумем
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i još nismo shvatili
04:44
how the tallвисок high-risenebodera buildingзграде
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kako da neboder učinimo
04:47
becomesпостаје a buildingзграде blockблокирати in makingстварање a cityград,
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osnovnim elementom pri stvaranju grada,
04:50
in creatingстварање the publicјавно realmреалм.
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stvaranju javnog prostora.
04:53
In SingaporeSingapur, we had an opportunityприлика:
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U Singapuru smo imali priliku:
04:55
10 millionмилиона squareквадрат feetстопала, extremelyизузетно highвисоко densityгустина.
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929.000 kvadratnih metara
izuzetno gusto naseljenog prostora.
04:58
TakingUzimanje the conceptконцепт of outdoorna otvorenom and indoorзатворено,
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Iskoristili smo koncept
spoljnog i unutrašnjeg prostora,
05:03
promenadespromenade and parksпаркови integratedинтегрирано
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šetališta i parkova spojenih
05:05
with intenseинтензивно urbanурбано life.
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sa urbanom sredinom.
05:07
So they are outdoorna otvorenom spacesпросторе and indoorзатворено spacesпросторе,
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Spoljni i unutrašnji prostor su spojeni,
05:11
and you moveпотез from one to the other,
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prelazi se iz jednog u drugi,
05:13
and there is contactконтакт with natureприрода,
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postoji i dodir sa prirodom,
05:15
and mostнајвише relevantlyrelevantly, at everyсваки levelниво of the structureструктура,
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i što je najvažnije, na svakom nivou
05:19
publicјавно gardensGardens and openотворен spaceпростор:
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postoje bašte i javne površine.
05:21
on the roofкров of the podiumподијум,
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Na vrhu osnove,
05:23
climbingпењање up the towersторњеви,
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čitavom visinom nebodera
05:25
and finallyконачно on the roofкров, the skyнебо parkпарк,
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i na krovu su viseći vrtovi,
05:29
two and a halfпола acresари, joggingџогинг pathsстазе, restaurantsресторана,
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10.000 kvadratnih metara;
staze za trčanje, restorani
05:32
and the world'sсветске longestнајдуже swimmingпливање poolбазен.
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i najduži bazen na svetu.
05:38
And that's all I can tell you in fiveпет minutesминута.
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To je sve što mogu
da vam ispričam za pet minuta.
05:40
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
05:42
(ApplauseAplauz)
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(Aplauz)
Translated by Aleksandar Kovačević
Reviewed by Ivana Korom

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Moshe Safdie - Architect
Moshe Safdie's buildings -- from grand libraries to intimate apartment complexes -- explore the qualities of light and the nature of private and public space.

Why you should listen

Moshe Safdie's master's thesis quickly became a cult building: his modular "Habitat '67" apartments for Montreal Expo '67. Within a dizzying pile of concrete, each apartment was carefully sited to have natural light and a tiny, private outdoor space for gardening. These themes have carried forward throughout Safdie's career -- his buildings tend to soak in the light, and to hold cozy, user-friendly spaces inside larger gestures.

He's a triple citizen of Canada, Israel and the United States, three places where the bulk of his buildings can be found: in Canada, the National Gallery in Ottawa, the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, the Vancouver public library. For Yad Vashem, the Holocaust museum in Jerusalem, he designed the Children's Memorial and the Memorial to the Deportees; he's also built airport terminals in Tel Aviv. In the US, he designed the elegant and understated Peabody Essex Museum in Salem, Masachusetts, and the Crystal Bridges Museum in Arkansas.

More profile about the speaker
Moshe Safdie | Speaker | TED.com