TEDxBeaconStreet
Michael Rubinstein: See invisible motion, hear silent sounds
Michael Rubinstein: Vidieť neviditeľný pohyb, počuť tichý zvuk. Skvelé? Desivé? Nevieme sa rozhodnúť.
Filmed:
Readability: 4.1
2,075,056 views
Zoznámte sa s „pohybovým mikroskopom“, nástrojom na spracovanie videa, ktorý zosilňuje nebadateľné pohyby a zmeny farieb. Videovýskumník Michael Rubinstein nám púšťa jeden neuveriteľný záber za druhým, ukazujúc, ako sa na základe krátkeho záberu určitej osoby dá odhaliť tlkot jej srdca. Sledujte, ako dokáže rozlúštiť rozhovor zvýraznením zvukových vibrácií odrážajúcich sa od vrecka zemiačkov. Neuveríte, kým neuvidíte úchvatné i hrozivé možnosti tejto techniky.
Michael Rubinstein - Research scientist, Google
Computer scientist Michael Rubinstein and his team have developed a "motion microscope" that can show video footage of barely perceivable movements, like breaths and heartbeats. Full bio
Computer scientist Michael Rubinstein and his team have developed a "motion microscope" that can show video footage of barely perceivable movements, like breaths and heartbeats. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
So over the past few centuries,
microscopes have revolutionized our world.
microscopes have revolutionized our world.
0
1114
7492
Za posledných pár storočí
mikroskopy zmenili náš svet.
mikroskopy zmenili náš svet.
00:21
They revealed to us a tiny world
of objects, life and structures
of objects, life and structures
1
9036
5216
Odhalili nám maličký svet
živých i neživých objektov,
živých i neživých objektov,
štruktúr, ktoré sa nedajú
vidieť voľným okom.
vidieť voľným okom.
00:26
that are too small for us
to see with our naked eyes.
to see with our naked eyes.
2
14252
2906
00:29
They are a tremendous contribution
to science and technology.
to science and technology.
3
17158
3019
Obrovsky prospeli vede a technike.
Dnes by som vám rád predstavil
nový typ mikroskopu,
nový typ mikroskopu,
00:32
Today I'd like to introduce you
to a new type of microscope,
to a new type of microscope,
4
20177
3227
00:35
a microscope for changes.
5
23404
2578
mikroskop na zmeny.
Nevyužíva optiku, ako bežný mikroskop,
00:37
It doesn't use optics
like a regular microscope
like a regular microscope
6
25982
2902
00:40
to make small objects bigger,
7
28884
1997
na zväčšovanie malých objektov.
00:42
but instead it uses a video camera
and image processing
and image processing
8
30881
4376
Miesto toho pomocou kamery
a spracovania obrazu
a spracovania obrazu
00:47
to reveal to us the tiniest motions
and color changes in objects and people,
and color changes in objects and people,
9
35257
5256
odhaľuje jemné pohyby a
farebné zmeny vecí i ľudí,
farebné zmeny vecí i ľudí,
00:52
changes that are impossible
for us to see with our naked eyes.
for us to see with our naked eyes.
10
40513
3842
zmeny, ktoré voľným okom nezbadáme.
00:56
And it lets us look at our world
in a completely new way.
in a completely new way.
11
44355
4120
Dovoľuje nám vidieť náš svet
úplne novým spôsobom.
úplne novým spôsobom.
Čo myslím pod farebnými zmenami?
01:00
So what do I mean by color changes?
12
48475
1910
01:02
Our skin, for example,
changes its color very slightly
changes its color very slightly
13
50385
2832
Napríklad pleť jemnúčko mení farbu,
01:05
when the blood flows under it.
14
53217
1997
keď pod ňou prúdi krv.
01:07
That change is incredibly subtle,
15
55214
2397
Tá zmena je neuveriteľne malá,
01:09
which is why, when you
look at other people,
look at other people,
16
57611
2063
preto, keď sa na niekoho pozriete,
01:11
when you look at the person
sitting next to you,
sitting next to you,
17
59674
2251
na človeka, čo sedí vedľa vás,
01:13
you don't see their skin
or their face changing color.
or their face changing color.
18
61925
3575
nevidíte, že by jeho pleť menila farbu.
Pozrime sa na Stevea na tomto videu.
Vyzerá to ako statická fotka.
Vyzerá to ako statická fotka.
01:17
When we look at this video of Steve here,
it appears to us like a static picture,
it appears to us like a static picture,
19
65500
4360
01:21
but once we look at this video
through our new, special microscope,
through our new, special microscope,
20
69860
3860
Ale keď sa na video pozrieme
naším novým špeciálnym mikroskopom,
naším novým špeciálnym mikroskopom,
01:25
suddenly we see
a completely different image.
a completely different image.
21
73720
2600
zrazu uvidíme úplne iný obrázok.
01:28
What you see here are small changes
in the color of Steve's skin,
in the color of Steve's skin,
22
76320
3930
To čo tu vidíte, sú malé
farebné zmeny Steveovej pokožky
farebné zmeny Steveovej pokožky
01:32
magnified 100 times
so that they become visible.
so that they become visible.
23
80250
4436
zvýraznené 100-krát, takže sa dajú vidieť.
01:36
We can actually see a human pulse.
24
84686
3267
Vidíme vlastne ľudský tep.
01:39
We can see how fast
Steve's heart is beating,
Steve's heart is beating,
25
87953
3227
Vidíme, ako rýchlo bije Steveovi srdce,
01:43
but we can also see the actual way
that the blood flows in his face.
that the blood flows in his face.
26
91180
5355
a tiež cesty, ktorými
prúdi krv v jeho tvári.
prúdi krv v jeho tvári.
01:48
And we can do that not just
to visualize the pulse,
to visualize the pulse,
27
96544
2631
Nielen, že vieme tep zviditeľniť,
01:51
but also to actually
recover our heart rates,
recover our heart rates,
28
99175
3471
môžeme aj určiť jeho frekvenciu
a merať tak tep.
01:54
and measure our heart rates.
29
102646
1793
Stačí na to obyčajná kamera
a pacienta sa netreba ani dotknúť.
a pacienta sa netreba ani dotknúť.
01:56
And we can do it with regular cameras
and without touching the patients.
and without touching the patients.
30
104439
4453
02:00
So here you see the pulse and heart rate
we extracted from a neonatal baby
we extracted from a neonatal baby
31
108892
5617
Tu vidíte tep
a srdcovú frekvenciu novorodenca,
a srdcovú frekvenciu novorodenca,
02:06
from a video we took
with a regular DSLR camera,
with a regular DSLR camera,
32
114509
2881
ktoré sme získali z videa,
natočeného obyčajnou DSLR kamerou.
natočeného obyčajnou DSLR kamerou.
02:09
and the heart rate measurement we get
33
117390
1816
Naše meranie je rovnako presné
02:11
is as accurate as the one you'd get
with a standard monitor in a hospital.
with a standard monitor in a hospital.
34
119206
4811
ako štandardný monitorovací
prístroj v nemocnici.
prístroj v nemocnici.
02:16
And it doesn't even have to be
a video we recorded.
a video we recorded.
35
124017
2642
A to ani nemusíme video natočiť sami.
02:18
We can do it essentially
with other videos as well.
with other videos as well.
36
126659
2995
Môžme v podstate použiť aj iné videá.
02:21
So I just took a short clip
from "Batman Begins" here
from "Batman Begins" here
37
129654
3901
Tu som vybral krátky záber
z filmu Batman začína,
z filmu Batman začína,
02:25
just to show Christian Bale's pulse.
38
133555
1904
aby som vám ukázal tep Christiana Balea.
02:27
(Laughter)
39
135459
1822
(smiech)
02:29
And you know, presumably
he's wearing makeup,
he's wearing makeup,
40
137281
2123
Zrejme má make-up
02:31
the lighting here is kind of challenging,
41
139404
1953
a osvetlenie je trochu problematické,
02:33
but still, just from the video,
we're able to extract his pulse
we're able to extract his pulse
42
141357
2951
ale aj tak vieme len na základe
videa určiť jeho tep
videa určiť jeho tep
02:36
and show it quite well.
43
144308
2018
a celkom pekne ho ukázať.
02:38
So how do we do all that?
44
146326
1920
Takže ako to celé robíme?
02:40
We basically analyze the changes
in the light that are recorded
in the light that are recorded
45
148246
4598
V podstate analyzujeme svetelné zmeny
02:44
at every pixel in the video over time,
46
152844
2271
každého pixelu v priebehu času
02:47
and then we crank up those changes.
47
155115
1798
a potom ich zvýrazníme.
02:48
We make them bigger
so that we can see them.
so that we can see them.
48
156913
2162
Zmeny zväčšíme, aby sme ich videli.
02:51
The tricky part is that those signals,
49
159075
1902
Háčik je v tom, že tieto signály,
02:52
those changes that we're after,
are extremely subtle,
are extremely subtle,
50
160977
2933
zmeny, ktoré nás zaujímajú,
sú extrémne slabé.
sú extrémne slabé.
02:55
so we have to be very careful
when you try to separate them
when you try to separate them
51
163910
2779
Musíte byť veľmi opatrní pri ich rozlíšení
02:58
from noise that always exists in videos.
52
166689
3831
od ruchu, ktorý je v každom videu.
03:02
So we use some clever
image processing techniques
image processing techniques
53
170520
2995
Pomocou rôznych šikovných techník
spracovania obrazu
spracovania obrazu
03:05
to get a very accurate measurement
of the color at each pixel in the video,
of the color at each pixel in the video,
54
173515
3994
vieme veľmi presne
určiť farbu v každom pixeli,
určiť farbu v každom pixeli,
03:09
and then the way the color
changes over time,
changes over time,
55
177509
2670
a tiež farebné zmeny v čase
03:12
and then we amplify those changes.
56
180179
2693
a nakoniec tieto zmeny zvýrazniť.
03:14
We make them bigger to create those types
of enhanced videos, or magnified videos,
of enhanced videos, or magnified videos,
57
182872
3980
Vytvoríme tak takéto
vylepšené či zosilnené videá,
vylepšené či zosilnené videá,
na ktorých sú zmeny viditeľné.
03:18
that actually show us those changes.
58
186852
2172
[Pohybový mikroskop]
03:21
But it turns out we can do that
not just to show tiny changes in color,
not just to show tiny changes in color,
59
189024
4238
Ukázalo sa, že takto dokážeme zobraziť
nielen malé zmeny farieb,
nielen malé zmeny farieb,
03:25
but also tiny motions,
60
193262
2241
ale aj jemné pohyby,
03:27
and that's because the light
that gets recorded in our cameras
that gets recorded in our cameras
61
195503
3576
pretože svetlo, ktoré kamera zachytí,
03:31
will change not only if the color
of the object changes,
of the object changes,
62
199079
2810
sa nemení len s farbou objektu,
03:33
but also if the object moves.
63
201889
2368
ale tiež, keď sa objekt hýbe.
03:36
So this is my daughter
when she was about two months old.
when she was about two months old.
64
204257
3636
Toto je moja dcéra,
keď mala tak dva mesiace.
keď mala tak dva mesiace.
03:39
It's a video I recorded
about three years ago.
about three years ago.
65
207893
2999
Video som natočil asi pred troma rokmi.
03:42
And as new parents, we all want
to make sure our babies are healthy,
to make sure our babies are healthy,
66
210892
3208
Ako čerství rodičia si všetci
chceme byť istí, že naše bábätko
chceme byť istí, že naše bábätko
03:46
that they're breathing,
that they're alive, of course.
that they're alive, of course.
67
214100
2542
je zdravé, že dýcha, že žije, samozrejme.
Takže aj ja som si kúpil baby monitor,
03:48
So I too got one of those baby monitors
68
216642
2142
03:50
so that I could see my daughter
when she was asleep.
when she was asleep.
69
218784
2469
aby som mohol vidieť malú, keď spí.
Takto nejako to vyzerá
na bežnom baby monitore.
na bežnom baby monitore.
03:53
And this is pretty much what you'll see
with a standard baby monitor.
with a standard baby monitor.
70
221253
3527
03:56
You can see the baby's sleeping, but
there's not too much information there.
there's not too much information there.
71
224780
3682
Vidíme, že bábo spí,
ale príliš veľa informácií nemáme.
ale príliš veľa informácií nemáme.
04:00
There's not too much we can see.
72
228474
1604
Nevidíme toho zas tak veľa.
04:02
Wouldn't it be better,
or more informative, or more useful,
or more informative, or more useful,
73
230078
2824
Nebolo by lepšie,
informatívnejšie, užitočnejšie,
informatívnejšie, užitočnejšie,
04:04
if instead we could look
at the view like this.
at the view like this.
74
232902
2990
keby sme sa na to mohli pozrieť takto?
04:07
So here I took the motions
and I magnified them 30 times,
and I magnified them 30 times,
75
235892
6356
30-krát som zvýraznil zachytené pohyby
04:14
and then I could clearly see that my
daughter was indeed alive and breathing.
daughter was indeed alive and breathing.
76
242248
3826
a hneď som videl,
že malá fakt žije a dýcha.
že malá fakt žije a dýcha.
04:18
(Laughter)
77
246074
2253
(smiech)
04:20
Here is a side-by-side comparison.
78
248327
1922
Pre porovnanie.
04:22
So again, in the source video,
in the original video,
in the original video,
79
250249
2483
Na pôvodnom videu
04:24
there's not too much we can see,
80
252732
1636
veľa nevidieť,
04:26
but once we magnify the motions,
the breathing becomes much more visible.
the breathing becomes much more visible.
81
254368
3707
ale keď zvýrazníme pohyby,
dýchanie je oveľa lepšie vidno.
dýchanie je oveľa lepšie vidno.
04:30
And it turns out, there's
a lot of phenomena
a lot of phenomena
82
258075
2070
Ukázalo sa, že je veľa javov,
04:32
we can reveal and magnify
with our new motion microscope.
with our new motion microscope.
83
260145
3623
ktoré vie náš nový
pohybový mikroskop odhaliť.
pohybový mikroskop odhaliť.
04:35
We can see how our veins and arteries
are pulsing in our bodies.
are pulsing in our bodies.
84
263768
4564
Vidíme, ako nám v tele
pulzujú žily a tepny.
pulzujú žily a tepny.
Vidíme, že oči máme
04:40
We can see that our eyes
are constantly moving
are constantly moving
85
268332
2628
04:42
in this wobbly motion.
86
270960
1887
v neustálom pohybe.
04:44
And that's actually my eye,
87
272847
1509
Toto je moje oko,
04:46
and again this video was taken
right after my daughter was born,
right after my daughter was born,
88
274356
3065
z videa natočeného po narodení dcérky.
04:49
so you can see I wasn't getting
too much sleep. (Laughter)
too much sleep. (Laughter)
89
277421
4202
Vidno, že som toho veľa nenaspal.
Aj keď človek len kľudne sedí,
04:53
Even when a person is sitting still,
90
281623
2716
04:56
there's a lot of information
we can extract
we can extract
91
284339
2044
vieme získať kopu informácií
04:58
about their breathing patterns,
small facial expressions.
small facial expressions.
92
286383
3529
o jeho dýchacích vzorcoch,
jemných výrazoch tváre.
jemných výrazoch tváre.
Možno by nám tieto pohyby
05:01
Maybe we could use those motions
93
289912
1625
05:03
to tell us something about
our thoughts or our emotions.
our thoughts or our emotions.
94
291537
3154
mohli niečo prezradiť o našich
myšlienkach či pocitoch.
myšlienkach či pocitoch.
05:06
We can also magnify small
mechanical movements,
mechanical movements,
95
294691
3255
Zvýrazniť vieme aj malé mechanické pohyby,
05:09
like vibrations in engines,
96
297946
1555
ako sú vibracie motoru,
05:11
that can help engineers detect
and diagnose machinery problems,
and diagnose machinery problems,
97
299501
3692
a pomôcť tak inžinierom detekovať
problémy strojného zariadenia
problémy strojného zariadenia
05:15
or see how our buildings and structures
sway in the wind and react to forces.
sway in the wind and react to forces.
98
303193
4738
alebo vidieť, ako sa konštrukcie
kývu vo vetre a reagujú na sily.
kývu vo vetre a reagujú na sily.
05:19
Those are all things that our society
knows how to measure in various ways,
knows how to measure in various ways,
99
307931
4581
Všetky tieto veci vieme merať aj inak,
05:24
but measuring those motions is one thing,
100
312512
2453
ale merať pohyby je jedna vec
05:26
and actually seeing those
motions as they happen
motions as they happen
101
314965
2276
a vidieť ich prebiehať v reálnom čase
05:29
is a whole different thing.
102
317241
2554
je niečo úplne iné.
05:31
And ever since we discovered
this new technology,
this new technology,
103
319795
3041
Hneď ako sme túto techniku vyvinuli,
05:34
we made our code available online so that
others could use and experiment with it.
others could use and experiment with it.
104
322836
3953
zverejnili sme softvér na internete,
aby s ňou mohol každý experimentovať.
aby s ňou mohol každý experimentovať.
05:38
It's very simple to use.
105
326789
1875
Uživateľsky veľmi jednoduché.
05:40
It can work on your own videos.
106
328664
2044
Funguje s vašimi videami.
05:42
Our collaborators at Quanta Research
even created this nice website
even created this nice website
107
330708
3193
Naši spolupracovníci v Quanta Research
vytvorili dokonca stránku,
vytvorili dokonca stránku,
05:45
where you can upload your videos
and process them online,
and process them online,
108
333901
2678
kde môžte nahrať vaše video
a spracovať ho online,
a spracovať ho online,
05:48
so even if you don't have any experience
in computer science or programming,
in computer science or programming,
109
336579
3816
takže aj keď nemáte skúsenosti
s IT a programovaním,
s IT a programovaním,
05:52
you can still very easily experiment
with this new microscope.
with this new microscope.
110
340395
2936
ľahko môžete experimentovať
s týmto novým mikroskopom.
s týmto novým mikroskopom.
05:55
And I'd like to show you
just a couple of examples
just a couple of examples
111
343331
2404
Rád by som vám ukázal pár príkladov
05:57
of what others have done with it.
112
345735
2735
od používateľov.
06:00
So this video was made by
a YouTube user called Tamez85.
a YouTube user called Tamez85.
113
348470
5317
Toto video dal na youtube istý Tamez85.
06:05
I don't know who that user is,
114
353787
1463
Neviem, kto to je,
06:07
but he, or she, used our code
115
355250
2345
ale použil alebo použila náš soft
06:09
to magnify small belly
movements during pregnancy.
movements during pregnancy.
116
357595
3715
na zvýraznenie jemných pohybov
brucha v tehotenstve.
brucha v tehotenstve.
06:13
It's kind of creepy.
117
361310
1602
Trošku desivé.
06:14
(Laughter)
118
362912
1613
(smiech)
06:16
People have used it to magnify
pulsing veins in their hands.
pulsing veins in their hands.
119
364525
4961
Iní zosilňujú pulzujúce žily na ruke.
06:21
And you know it's not real science
unless you use guinea pigs,
unless you use guinea pigs,
120
369486
3782
A nič nie je skutočná veda,
kým nepoužijete morča.
kým nepoužijete morča.
06:25
and apparently this guinea pig
is called Tiffany,
is called Tiffany,
121
373268
3390
Podľa všetkého sa toto morča volá Tiffany
06:28
and this YouTube user claims
it is the first rodent on Earth
it is the first rodent on Earth
122
376658
2949
a daný užívateľ tvrdí,
že je to prvý hlodavec na Zemi,
že je to prvý hlodavec na Zemi,
06:31
that was motion-magnified.
123
379607
2688
ktorý bol pohybovo zosilnený.
06:34
You can also do some art with it.
124
382295
2188
Dá sa použiť aj v umení.
06:36
So this video was sent to me
by a design student at Yale.
by a design student at Yale.
125
384483
3018
Toto mi poslala jedna
študentka dizajnu z Yale.
študentka dizajnu z Yale.
Zaujímali ju rozdiely
06:39
She wanted to see
if there's any difference
if there's any difference
126
387501
2137
06:41
in the way her classmates move.
127
389638
1522
v pohyboch jej spolužiakov.
06:43
She made them all stand still,
and then magnified their motions.
and then magnified their motions.
128
391160
4209
Natočila, ako pokojne stoja
a potom zvýraznila pohyby.
a potom zvýraznila pohyby.
06:47
It's like seeing
still pictures come to life.
still pictures come to life.
129
395369
3378
Ako keď fotky ožijú.
06:50
And the nice thing with
all those examples
all those examples
130
398747
2433
Na týchto ukážkach je pekné to,
06:53
is that we had nothing to do with them.
131
401180
2296
že sme s nimi nemali nič spoločné.
06:55
We just provided this new tool,
a new way to look at the world,
a new way to look at the world,
132
403476
3854
Len sme poskytli nový nástroj,
nový spôsob, ako sa dívať na svet
nový spôsob, ako sa dívať na svet
06:59
and then people find other interesting,
new and creative ways of using it.
new and creative ways of using it.
133
407330
5132
a ľudia sami našli zaujímavé,
nové a tvorivé využitie.
nové a tvorivé využitie.
07:04
But we didn't stop there.
134
412462
1764
Tým sme ale neskončili.
07:06
This tool not only allows us
to look at the world in a new way,
to look at the world in a new way,
135
414226
3251
Vďaka tomuto nástroju nielen
že vidíme svet novými očami,
že vidíme svet novými očami,
07:09
it also redefines what we can do
136
417477
2368
ale zároveň redefinujeme
07:11
and pushes the limits of what
we can do with our cameras.
we can do with our cameras.
137
419845
3181
a posúvame hranice toho,
čo sa s foťákom dá robiť.
čo sa s foťákom dá robiť.
07:15
So as scientists, we started wondering,
138
423026
2229
Ako vedci sme začali pátrať
po ďalších javoch,
vyvolávajúcich malé pohyby,
vyvolávajúcich malé pohyby,
07:17
what other types of physical phenomena
produce tiny motions
produce tiny motions
139
425255
3785
07:21
that we could now use
our cameras to measure?
our cameras to measure?
140
429040
2903
ktoré teraz môžeme merať kamerou.
07:23
And one such phenomenon
that we focused on recently is sound.
that we focused on recently is sound.
141
431943
4001
A jeden z takýchto javov,
na ktorý sme sa zamerali, je zvuk.
na ktorý sme sa zamerali, je zvuk.
07:27
Sound, as we all know,
is basically changes
is basically changes
142
435944
2105
Zvuk, ako všetci vieme, to sú zmeny tlaku,
07:30
in air pressure that
travel through the air.
travel through the air.
143
438049
2183
ktoré sa šíria vzduchom.
07:32
Those pressure waves hit objects
and they create small vibrations in them,
and they create small vibrations in them,
144
440232
3621
Keď táto tlaková vlna narazí na objekt,
jemne ho rozvibruje.
jemne ho rozvibruje.
07:35
which is how we hear
and how we record sound.
and how we record sound.
145
443853
2532
Vďaka tomu zvuk počujeme i nahrávame.
07:38
But it turns out that sound
also produces visual motions.
also produces visual motions.
146
446385
3668
Ukázalo sa, že zvuk tiež vyvoláva
vizuálne pohyby.
vizuálne pohyby.
07:42
Those are motions
that are not visible to us
that are not visible to us
147
450053
2833
Pohyby, ktoré oko neodhalí,
07:44
but are visible to a camera
with the right processing.
with the right processing.
148
452886
3001
ale video s príslušným spracovaním už áno.
07:47
So here are two examples.
149
455887
1573
Mám tu dva príklady.
Tu predvádzam svoj úžasný spevácky talent.
07:49
This is me demonstrating
my great singing skills.
my great singing skills.
150
457460
2614
07:53
(Singing)
151
461064
1634
(spev)
07:54
(Laughter)
152
462698
1436
(smiech)
07:56
And I took a high-speed video
of my throat while I was humming.
of my throat while I was humming.
153
464134
2986
Nahral som svoje brumendo
na vysokorýchlostné video.
na vysokorýchlostné video.
07:59
Again, if you stare at that video,
154
467120
1764
Ak sa na video pozriete,
08:00
there's not too much
you'll be able to see,
you'll be able to see,
155
468884
2076
ani teraz neuvidíte nič moc,
08:02
but once we magnify the motions 100 times,
we can see all the motions and ripples
we can see all the motions and ripples
156
470960
4332
ale keď pohyby zvýrazníme 100-krát,
vidíme, ako sa hrdlo
pri vydávaní zvuku hýbe a vlní.
pri vydávaní zvuku hýbe a vlní.
08:07
in the neck that are involved
in producing the sound.
in producing the sound.
157
475292
3274
Ten signál je tam.
08:10
That signal is there in that video.
158
478566
2740
08:13
We also know that singers
can break a wine glass
can break a wine glass
159
481306
2670
Vieme tiež, že speváci dokážu
rozbiť pohár na víno,
rozbiť pohár na víno,
08:15
if they hit the correct note.
160
483976
1463
ak trafia správny tón.
08:17
So here, we're going to play a note
161
485439
1765
Takže pustíme tón,
08:19
that's in the resonance
frequency of that glass
frequency of that glass
162
487204
2526
ktorý je v rezonancii s pohárom
08:21
through a loudspeaker that's next to it.
163
489730
2048
pomocou reproduktoru vedľa neho.
08:23
Once we play that note
and magnify the motions 250 times,
and magnify the motions 250 times,
164
491778
4419
Keď pustíme tón a
pohyby zvýrazníme 250-krát,
pohyby zvýrazníme 250-krát,
08:28
we can very clearly see
how the glass vibrates
how the glass vibrates
165
496197
2338
veľmi jasne vidíme, ako pohár vibruje
08:30
and resonates in response to the sound.
166
498535
3570
a rezonuje v reakcii na ten zvuk.
08:34
It's not something you're used
to seeing every day.
to seeing every day.
167
502105
2420
Toto neuvidíte každý deň.
08:36
But this made us think.
It gave us this crazy idea.
It gave us this crazy idea.
168
504525
3529
Nedalo nám to pokoj,
prišiel ten šialený nápad.
prišiel ten šialený nápad.
08:40
Can we actually invert this process
and recover sound from video
and recover sound from video
169
508054
5608
Mohli by sme tento proces obrátiť
a dostať zvuk z videa
a dostať zvuk z videa
analýzou vibrácií, vytvorených
v objektoch zvukovými vlnami
v objektoch zvukovými vlnami
08:45
by analyzing the tiny vibrations
that sound waves create in objects,
that sound waves create in objects,
170
513662
4035
08:49
and essentially convert those
back into the sounds that produced them.
back into the sounds that produced them.
171
517697
4777
a konvertovať ich späť na pôvodný zvuk?
08:54
In this way, we can turn
everyday objects into microphones.
everyday objects into microphones.
172
522474
4457
Takto spravíme z bežných vecí mikrofóny.
08:58
So that's exactly what we did.
173
526931
2232
Presne to sme urobili.
09:01
So here's an empty bag of chips
that was lying on a table,
that was lying on a table,
174
529163
2816
Tu máme prázdny obal od zemiačkov
ležiaci na stole
ležiaci na stole
09:03
and we're going to turn that
bag of chips into a microphone
bag of chips into a microphone
175
531979
2825
a spravíme z neho mikrofón
09:06
by filming it with a video camera
176
534804
1591
tým, že ho nafilmujeme
09:08
and analyzing the tiny motions
that sound waves create in it.
that sound waves create in it.
177
536395
3228
a zanalyzujeme jemné pohyby,
ktoré v ňom zvukové vlny vytvorili.
ktoré v ňom zvukové vlny vytvorili.
Toto hralo v tej miestnosti.
09:11
So here's the sound
that we played in the room.
that we played in the room.
178
539623
2796
09:14
(Music: "Mary Had a Little Lamb")
179
542419
4434
(pesnička Mary mala ovečku)
09:22
And this is a high-speed video
we recorded of that bag of chips.
we recorded of that bag of chips.
180
550007
3025
a toto je vysokorýchlostné video
nášho vrecka.
nášho vrecka.
09:25
Again it's playing.
181
553032
1274
Video je pustené,
09:26
There's no chance you'll be able
to see anything going on in that video
to see anything going on in that video
182
554306
3342
ale ako vždy, nič nevidíme
prostým pohľadom.
09:29
just by looking at it,
183
557648
1058
Ale tu máme zvuk,
ktorý sme získali len analýzou
ktorý sme získali len analýzou
09:30
but here's the sound we were able
to recover just by analyzing
to recover just by analyzing
184
558706
2984
09:33
the tiny motions in that video.
185
561690
2183
jemného pohybu na videu.
09:35
(Music: "Mary Had a Little Lamb")
186
563873
2809
(pesnička Mary mala ovečku)
Volám to… Ďakujem.
09:52
I call it -- Thank you.
187
580985
1486
09:54
(Applause)
188
582471
5225
(potlesk)
10:01
I call it the visual microphone.
189
589878
2345
Volám to vizuálny mikrofón.
10:04
We actually extract audio signals
from video signals.
from video signals.
190
592223
3390
Extrahujeme audio signál z video signálu.
10:07
And just to give you a sense
of the scale of the motions here,
of the scale of the motions here,
191
595613
3181
Aby ste mali predstavu o mierke,
10:10
a pretty loud sound will cause that bag
of chips to move less than a micrometer.
of chips to move less than a micrometer.
192
598799
5336
fakt silný zvuk pohne vreckom
o menej než mikrometer.
o menej než mikrometer.
10:16
That's one thousandth of a millimeter.
193
604135
2739
To je tisícina milimetra.
10:18
That's how tiny the motions are
that we are now able to pull out
that we are now able to pull out
194
606874
3561
Tak maličké sú pohyby,
ktoré teraz vieme vytiahnuť
ktoré teraz vieme vytiahnuť
10:22
just by observing how light
bounces off objects
bounces off objects
195
610435
3243
tým, že svetlo,
ktoré sa odrazí od predmetu
ktoré sa odrazí od predmetu
10:25
and gets recorded by our cameras.
196
613678
2136
nahráme na kameru.
10:27
We can recover sounds
from other objects, like plants.
from other objects, like plants.
197
615814
3250
Pôvodný zvuk vieme dostať
aj z iných predmetov, napríklad z rastlín.
aj z iných predmetov, napríklad z rastlín.
10:31
(Music: "Mary Had a Little Lamb")
198
619064
6316
(pesnička Mary mala ovečku)
10:39
And we can recover speech as well.
199
627214
1997
Funguje to aj s rečou.
10:41
So here's a person speaking in a room.
200
629211
2577
Tu niekto rozpráva v miestnosti.
10:43
Voice: Mary had a little lamb
whose fleece was white as snow,
whose fleece was white as snow,
201
631788
4203
Hlas: Mary mala ovečku
s bielučkou vlnou
s bielučkou vlnou
10:47
and everywhere that Mary went,
that lamb was sure to go.
that lamb was sure to go.
202
635991
4230
a všade kam Mary šla,
šla ovečka s ňou.
šla ovečka s ňou.
10:52
Michael Rubinstein: And here's
that speech again recovered
that speech again recovered
203
640221
2759
A toto sme z toho dostali
10:54
just from this video
of that same bag of chips.
of that same bag of chips.
204
642980
3274
pomocou nášho vrecka od zemiačkov.
10:58
Voice: Mary had a little lamb
whose fleece was white as snow,
whose fleece was white as snow,
205
646254
4831
Hlas: Mary mala ovečku
s bielučkou vlnou
s bielučkou vlnou
11:03
and everywhere that Mary went,
that lamb was sure to go.
that lamb was sure to go.
206
651085
4859
a všade kam Mary šla,
šla ovečka s ňou.
šla ovečka s ňou.
11:07
MR: We used "Mary Had a Little Lamb"
207
655944
2346
Použili sme Mary mala ovečku,
11:10
because those are said to be
the first words
the first words
208
658290
2123
lebo to sú vraj prvé slová,
11:12
that Thomas Edison spoke
into his phonograph in 1877.
into his phonograph in 1877.
209
660413
4161
ktoré Edison nahral svojím
fonografom v roku 1877.
fonografom v roku 1877.
11:16
It was one of the first sound
recording devices in history.
recording devices in history.
210
664574
3228
To bol jeden z prvých
nahrávacích prístrojov v dejinách.
nahrávacích prístrojov v dejinách.
11:19
It basically directed the sounds
onto a diaphragm
onto a diaphragm
211
667802
3327
Zvuk dopadal na membránu,
11:23
that vibrated a needle that essentially
engraved the sound on tinfoil
engraved the sound on tinfoil
212
671129
4079
tá rozvibrovala ihlu,
ktorá zvuk vyryla do staniolu
ktorá zvuk vyryla do staniolu
11:27
that was wrapped around the cylinder.
213
675208
2275
obtočeného okolo valčeku.
11:29
Here's a demonstration of recording and
replaying sound with Edison's phonograph.
replaying sound with Edison's phonograph.
214
677483
5943
Tu je ukážka nahrávania
s Edisonovým fonografom.
s Edisonovým fonografom.
11:35
(Video) Voice: Testing,
testing, one two three.
testing, one two three.
215
683426
3020
Hlas: Skúška, skúška raz, dva, tri.
11:38
Mary had a little lamb
whose fleece was white as snow,
whose fleece was white as snow,
216
686446
3413
Mary mala ovečku
s bielučkou vlnou
s bielučkou vlnou
11:41
and everywhere that Mary went,
the lamb was sure to go.
the lamb was sure to go.
217
689859
3669
a všade kam Mary šla,
šla ovečka s ňou.
šla ovečka s ňou.
11:45
Testing, testing, one two three.
218
693528
2740
Skúška, skúška, raz, dva, tri.
11:48
Mary had a little lamb
whose fleece was white as snow,
whose fleece was white as snow,
219
696268
4156
Mary mala ovečku
s bielučkou vlnou
s bielučkou vlnou
11:52
and everywhere that Mary went,
the lamb was sure to go.
the lamb was sure to go.
220
700424
5224
a všade kam Mary šla,
šla ovečka s ňou.
šla ovečka s ňou.
11:57
MR: And now, 137 years later,
221
705648
4017
Dnes, o 137 rokov neskôr,
12:01
we're able to get sound
in pretty much similar quality
in pretty much similar quality
222
709665
4087
vieme dostať zvuk porovnateľnej kvality
12:05
but by just watching objects
vibrate to sound with cameras,
vibrate to sound with cameras,
223
713752
4079
len na základe videa vibrujúceho predmetu,
12:09
and we can even do that when the camera
224
717831
1934
a to aj keď je kamera
12:11
is 15 feet away from the object,
behind soundproof glass.
behind soundproof glass.
225
719765
4234
5 metrov od predmetu za zvukotesným sklom.
12:15
So this is the sound that we were
able to recover in that case.
able to recover in that case.
226
723999
3220
Za takých podmienok sme získali toto:
12:19
Voice: Mary had a little lamb
whose fleece was white as snow,
whose fleece was white as snow,
227
727219
5294
Hlas: Mary mala ovečku
s bielučkou vlnou
s bielučkou vlnou
12:24
and everywhere that Mary went,
the lamb was sure to go.
the lamb was sure to go.
228
732513
4759
a všade kam Mary šla,
šla ovečka s ňou.
šla ovečka s ňou.
12:29
MR: And of course, surveillance is
the first application that comes to mind.
the first application that comes to mind.
229
737404
3630
Samozrejme, odpočúvanie
je prvá vec, čo človeka napadne.
je prvá vec, čo človeka napadne.
12:33
(Laughter)
230
741034
2995
(smiech)
12:36
But it might actually be useful
for other things as well.
for other things as well.
231
744029
4056
Ale dá sa to využiť aj inak.
12:40
Maybe in the future, we'll be able
to use it, for example,
to use it, for example,
232
748085
2840
Možno sa nám v budúcnosti podarí
12:42
to recover sound across space,
233
750925
2252
nahrať zvuky z vesmíru,
12:45
because sound can't travel
in space, but light can.
in space, but light can.
234
753177
3576
pretože zvuk sa v kozme nešíri,
ale svetlo áno.
ale svetlo áno.
12:48
We've only just begun exploring
235
756753
2404
Len sme začali objavovať
12:51
other possible uses
for this new technology.
for this new technology.
236
759157
3019
možnosti využitia tejto novej techniky.
12:54
It lets us see physical processes
that we know are there
that we know are there
237
762176
2832
Môžme vidieť fyzikálne javy,
o ktorých sme síce vedeli,
o ktorých sme síce vedeli,
12:57
but that we've never been able
to see with our own eyes until now.
to see with our own eyes until now.
238
765008
3556
ale doteraz sme ich nikdy
nevideli na vlastné oči.
nevideli na vlastné oči.
13:00
This is our team.
239
768564
1204
Toto je náš tím.
13:01
Everything I showed you today
is a result of a collaboration
is a result of a collaboration
240
769768
2879
Všetko, čo som vám dnes ukázal,
je výsledok spolupráce
je výsledok spolupráce
13:04
with this great group
of people you see here,
of people you see here,
241
772647
2191
s touto skvelou partou
13:06
and I encourage you and welcome you
to check out our website,
to check out our website,
242
774838
3167
a odporúčam vám navštíviť našu stránku,
13:10
try it out yourself,
243
778005
1446
vyskúšajte si to sami,
13:11
and join us in exploring
this world of tiny motions.
this world of tiny motions.
244
779451
2972
a pridajte sa k nám
pri objavovaní sveta malých pohybov.
pri objavovaní sveta malých pohybov.
13:14
Thank you.
245
782423
1625
Ďakujem vám.
13:16
(Applause)
246
784048
1254
(potlesk)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Michael Rubinstein - Research scientist, GoogleComputer scientist Michael Rubinstein and his team have developed a "motion microscope" that can show video footage of barely perceivable movements, like breaths and heartbeats.
Why you should listen
Michael Rubinstein zooms in on what we can't see and mangnifies it by thirty or a hundred times. His "motion microscope," developed at MIT with Microsoft and Quanta Research, picks up on subtle motion and color changes in videos and blows them up for the naked eye to see. The result: fun, cool, creepy videos.
Rubinstein is a research scientist at a new Cambridge-based Google lab for computer vision research. He has a PhD in computer science and electrical engineering from MIT.
Michael Rubinstein | Speaker | TED.com