Jamila Raqib: The secret to effective nonviolent resistance
Jamila Raqib: Tajomstvo efektívneho nenásilného odporu
Jamila Raqib works on pragmatic approaches to nonviolent action for activists, human rights organizations, academics and governments globally. Full bio
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odkedy si pamätám.
since I can remember.
len šesť mesiacov po sovietskej invázii
just six months after the Soviets invaded,
to understand what was happening,
aby som chápala, čo sa deje,
a strach okolo mňa.
and the fear around me.
teraz premýšľam o vojnách a konfliktoch.
on how I now think about war and conflict.
majú zásadný problém,
have a fundamental issue at stake,
to resist and to fight back.
ako odporovať a brániť sa.
aké deštruktívne a strašné je násilie,
and terrible violence is,
with the level of violence in the world.
množstvo násilia vo svete.
that violence is morally wrong.
že násilie je morálne zlé.
and as effective as violence.
rovnako silný a účinný ako násilie.
situations around the world
nenásilne bojovať.
struggle to conduct conflict.
with Gandhi and Martin Luther King.
s Gándhím a Martinom L. Kingom.
už tisíce rokov.
nonviolent action for thousands of years.
ktoré dnes máme v tejto krajine, –
that we have today in this country --
with the environment --
životným prostredím –
who fought for them
ktorí za ne bojovali
from this history,
is widely misunderstood.
široko nepochopený.
of Ethiopian activists,
so skupinou etiópskych aktivistov
that I hear a lot.
o nenásilné akcie,
tried nonviolent action,
and that was the end of that.
is equivalent to street protests
je ekvivalentný s pouličným protestom,
way to show that people want change,
ako ukázať, že ľudia chcú zmenu,
actually create change --
vlastne zmenu nevytvárajú –
people what they want
že zničíte protivníka,
by destroying an opponent,
that an opponent needs to survive,
ktoré protivník potrebuje na prežitie,
those sources of power.
can neutralize the military
oslabiť armádu tak,
prostredníctvom štrajkov a bojkotov.
through strikes and boycotts.
government propaganda
that can be used to do this.
of nonviolent action.
by corrupt former military officials
skorumpovanými vojenskými činiteľmi,
na organizovaný zločin.
to do anything about it --
bezmocná s tým niečo urobiť, –
iba 12 obyčajných ľudí,
just 12 regular people,
to their friends
na Facebooku výzvu na stretnutie
holding signs with a message:
držiac transparenty s odkazom:
protesty sa rozšírili po celej krajine.
as protests spread throughout the country.
to various government buildings
k rôznym vládnym budovám
from running for office,
that they couldn't just keep protesting
že nemôžu iba protestovať
žiadnu inú možnosť.
the country refused to work.
odmietli pracovať.
and schools shut their doors.
zavrelo svoje dvere.
zablokovali hlavné cesty.
blocked major roads.
vládnych úradníkov
government officials,
of people using nonviolent action
ktorí používajú nenásilné akcie
are confused about what to do with them.
nevedeli, čo s nimi majú robiť.
the color of the ruling party.
farbou vládnucej strany.
are getting better at grabbing headlines,
v získavaní palcových titulkov,
dokážu veľmi málo,
napochodovať vojakom do boja,
his troops into battle
nonviolent movements operate.
as military warfare,
ako vojenský boj,
and have clear objectives,
a musia mať jasné ciele,
of how to achieve those objectives.
ako dosiahnuť tieto ciele.
over thousands of years
počas tisícov rokov
dedicated to understanding
zasvätili svoj život,
a vylepšili jej fungovanie.
is rarely systematically studied,
systematicky študovaný,
in the world who are teaching it.
desiatok ľudí na svete, ktorí ho vyučujú.
approaches of dealing with conflict
ktorým čelíme.
challenges that we're facing.
in its war against ISIS.
je v patovej situácii.
using nonviolent action.
formou nenásilnej akcie.
ISIS oznámil,
in place a new public school curriculum,
nové učebné osnovy,
ich extrémistickej ideológie.
odmietli poslať.
homeschool their children
že radšej budú učiť svoje deti doma,
aktívneho odporu,
of just one act of defiance
of nonviolent resistance
nenásilného odporu,
was part of a larger strategy
súčasťou širšej stratégie,
that ISIS needs to function;
ktoré ISIS potrebuje na svoje fungovanie;
to extract and refine oil;
a rafinácii ropy;
and communications networks
that ISIS relies on?
na ktoré sa ISIS spolieha.
to imagine defeating ISIS
ako uvažujeme o konflikte,
the way we think about conflict
nonviolent action has worked
kde nenásilné akcie fugovali
systems and technologies
s inými systémami a technológiami,
to better meet human needs.
aby lepšie vyhovovali ľudským potrebám.
nonviolent action
nenásilné akcie do bodu,
used in place of war.
používať namiesto vojny.
could then be abandoned
od nástroja konfliktu,
with weapons that are more effective.
ktoré sú účinnejšie.
nonviolent struggle more powerful
urobiť nenásilný boj silnejším
technologies of war.
vojenské technológie.
nespočíva v odsudzovaní násilia,
lies not in condemning violence
čo bude zastaralé.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jamila Raqib - PeacemakerJamila Raqib works on pragmatic approaches to nonviolent action for activists, human rights organizations, academics and governments globally.
Why you should listen
Jamila Raqib is the executive director of the Albert Einstein Institution, which promotes the study and strategic use of nonviolent action worldwide. Since 2002, she has worked closely with Dr. Gene Sharp, the world's foremost scholar on strategic nonviolent action. Together, they developed a curriculum titled Self-Liberation: A Guide to Strategic Planning for Action to End a Dictatorship or Other Oppression. The publication is intended to provide in-depth guidance for planning a strategic nonviolent struggle.
Raqib represents the Institution at a number of domestic and international forums such as the Oslo Freedom Forum and the United Nations Alliance of Civilizations. Her work centers on presenting a pragmatic approach to nonviolent action to activists, human rights organizations, academics and governments. She travels throughout the world conducting consultations and workshops for individuals and groups seeking to achieve diverse goals such as opposing dictatorship, combatting corruption, attaining political rights, economic justice, environmental protection and women's empowerment.
She holds a B.A. in Management from Simmons College in Boston, MA, and is a Research Affiliate of the Center for International Studies at Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Jamila Raqib | Speaker | TED.com