TEDGlobal 2009
Michael Pritchard: How to make filthy water drinkable
Michael Pritchard premieňa špinavú vodu na pitnú
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Príliš veľká časť sveta nemá prístup k čistej pitnej vode. Inžinier Michael Pritchard s týmto problémom pohol -- vynašiel prenosný filter Lifesaver, ktorý dokáže za pár sekúnd premeniť najodpornejšiu vodu na pitnú. Úžasná ukážka z konferencie TEDGlobal 2009.
Michael Pritchard - Inventor
With cutting-edge nanotech, Michael Pritchard's Lifesaver water-purification bottle could revolutionize water-delivery systems in disaster-stricken areas around the globe. Full bio
With cutting-edge nanotech, Michael Pritchard's Lifesaver water-purification bottle could revolutionize water-delivery systems in disaster-stricken areas around the globe. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:18
Good morning everybody.
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Dobré ráno všetkým.
00:20
I'd like to talk about a couple of things today.
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Dnes by som rád rozprával o niekoľkých veciach.
00:22
The first thing is water.
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Prvou je voda.
00:24
Now I see you've all been enjoying the water
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Vidím, že si všetci užívate vodu,
00:26
that's been provided for you here at the conference,
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ktorá sa podáva v rámci konferencie
00:28
over the past couple of days.
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posledných pár dní.
00:30
And I'm sure you'll feel that it's from a safe source.
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A som si istý, že máte pocit, že je z bezpečného zdroja.
00:34
But what if it wasn't?
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Ale čo keby nebola?
00:36
What if it was from a source like this?
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Čo ak by bolo jej zdrojom niečo takéto?
00:41
Then statistics would actually say
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Podľa štatistík
00:43
that half of you would now be suffering
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by polovica z Vás teraz trpela
00:45
with diarrhea.
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hnačkou.
00:49
I talked a lot in the past about statistics,
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V minulosti som veľa rozprával o štatistikách
00:52
and the provision of safe drinking water for all.
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a o poskytovaní bezpečnej pitnej vody všetkým.
00:56
But they just don't seem to get through.
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Ale zdá sa, že to nezaberá.
00:59
And I think I've worked out why.
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A myslím, že som prišiel na to, prečo.
01:01
It's because, using current thinking,
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Je to preto, že v našom súčasnom ponímaní,
01:04
the scale of the problem
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je rozsah tohoto problému
01:06
just seems too huge to contemplate solving.
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príliš obrovský, aby sme ho vedeli vyriešiť.
01:10
So we just switch off:
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Tak jednoducho vypneme.
01:12
us, governments and aid agencies.
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My, vláda, agentúry pre rozvoj.
01:17
Well, today, I'd like to show you
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Dnes by som Vám však rád ukázal,
01:20
that through thinking differently,
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že iný spôsob premýšľania
01:22
the problem has been solved.
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môže tento problém vyriešiť.
01:26
By the way, since I've been speaking,
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Mimochodom, zatiaľ čo ja tu rozprávam,
01:28
another 13,000 people around the world
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ďalších 13,000 ľudí po celom svete
01:31
are suffering now with diarrhea.
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trpí hnačkou.
01:34
And four children have just died.
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A štyri deti práve umreli.
01:39
I invented Lifesaver bottle
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Vynašiel som fľašku Lifesaver,
01:41
because I got angry.
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pretože už ma to štvalo.
01:43
I, like most of you, was sitting down, the day after Christmas in 2004,
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Ako mnohí z Vás som deň po Vianociach 2004 sedel
01:47
when I was watching the devastating news
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a pozeral zdrvujúce správy
01:50
of the Asian tsunami as it rolled in,
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o Ázijskom tsunami ako sa valí,
01:52
playing out on TV.
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na obrazovke televízora.
01:54
The days and weeks that followed,
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V nasledujúcich dňoch a týždňoch
01:56
people fleeing to the hills,
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sa ľudia stiahli do kopcov,
01:58
being forced to drink contaminated water
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nútení piť kontaminovanú vodu,
02:01
or face death.
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alebo riskovať smrť.
02:04
That really stuck with me.
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To ma naozaj zasiahlo.
02:06
Then, a few months later,
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Potom, o niekoľko mesiacov,
02:09
Hurricane Katrina slammed into the side of America.
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udrel na Americké pobrežie hurikán Katrina.
02:13
"Okay," I thought, "here's a First World country, let's see what they can do."
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Vravel som si: "Ok, tu máme vyspelú krajinu, uvidíme, čo s tým dokážu urobiť."
02:17
Day one: nothing.
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Prvý deň: nič.
02:20
Day two: nothing.
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Druhý deň: nič.
02:23
Do you know it took five days to get water to the Superdome?
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Viete o tom, že trvalo päť dní, kým dostali pitnú vodu na Superdome?
02:28
People were shooting each other on the streets
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Ľudia sa na uliciach strieľali
02:31
for TV sets and water.
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pre televízory a vodu.
02:34
That's when I decided I had to do something.
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Vtedy som sa rozhodol, že musím niečo urobiť.
02:38
Now I spent a lot of time in my garage, over the next weeks and months,
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Veľa času, počas nasledujúcich týždňov a mesiacov, som strávil vo svojej garáži.
02:41
and also in my kitchen -- much to the dismay of my wife. (Laughter)
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A tiež v kuchyni, na veľké zdesenie mojej ženy.
02:44
However, after a few failed prototypes,
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Každopádne, po niekoľkých nepodarených prototypoch,
02:49
I finally came up with this, the Lifesaver bottle.
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sa mi podarilo vytvoriť toto, fľašku Lifesaver.
02:54
Okay, now for the science bit.
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Ok, teraz o tej vedeckej stránke.
02:56
Before Lifesaver, the best hand filters were only capable
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Pred Lifesaverom boli najlepšie filtre schopné
02:58
of filtering down to about 200 nanometers.
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filtrovať približne do 200 nanometrov.
03:02
The smallest bacteria is about 200 nanometers.
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Najmenšia baktéria má asi 200 nanometrov.
03:06
So a 200-nanometer bacteria
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Takže 200 nanometrová baktéria
03:08
is going to get through a 200-nanometer hole.
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sa dostane cez 200 nanometrový pór.
03:12
The smallest virus, on the other hand,
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Naproti tomu, najmenší vírus,
03:14
is about 25 nanometers.
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má asi 25 nanometrov.
03:17
So that's definitely going to get through those 200 nanometer holes.
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A určite teda prelezie tými 200 nanometrovými pórmi.
03:22
Lifesaver pores are 15 nanometers.
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Póry Lifesavera majú 15 nanometrov.
03:27
So nothing is getting through.
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Takže nimi neprejde nič.
03:30
Okay, I'm going to give you a bit of a demonstration.
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Ok, predvediem Vám malú ukážku.
03:32
Would you like to see that?
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Chcete to vidieť?
03:34
I spent all the time setting this up, so I guess I should.
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Strávil som dosť času, kým som to pripravil. Tak by som asi mal.
03:36
We're in the fine city of Oxford.
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Sme tu v skvelom meste Oxford,
03:39
So -- someone's done that up.
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ako niekto vypichol,
03:41
Fine city of Oxford, so what I've done is I've gone
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uhladený Oxford, takže čo som urobil je, že som išiel a vzal vodu
03:43
and got some water from the River Cherwell,
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z rieky Cherwell
03:45
and the River Thames,
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a Temža,
03:47
that flow through here. And this is the water.
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ktoré tadeto pretekajú. Toto je tá voda.
03:49
But I got to thinking, you know,
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Ale potom som si pomyslel, viete,
03:51
if we were in the middle of a flood zone
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ak by sme boli uprostred záplavovej oblasti
03:53
in Bangladesh, the water wouldn't look like this.
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v Bangladéši, voda by vyzerala ináč.
03:57
So I've gone and got some stuff to add into it.
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Tak som išial a zohnal som niečo, čo by som tam pridal.
03:59
And this is from my pond.
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Toto je z môjho rybníka.
04:01
(Sniffs) (Coughs) Have a smell of that, mister cameraman.
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(Pričucháva)(Kašle) Privoňajte, pán kameraman.
04:05
Okay. (Laughs) Right.
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Ok.(Smeje sa) Dobre.
04:09
We're just going to pour that in there.
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Tak to tam nalejeme.
04:12
Audience: Ugh!
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Publikum: Fuj!
04:14
Michael Pritchard: Okay. We've got some runoff
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Michael Pritchard: Dobre. Máme tu nejaké splašky
04:17
from a sewage plant farm.
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z čističky odpadových vôd.
04:19
So I'm just going to put that in there.
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Tak to tam pridám.
04:22
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
04:23
Put that in there. There we go.
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Pekne všetko dnu. Tak.
04:26
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
04:27
And some other bits and pieces, chuck that in there.
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A nejaké ďalšie zbytky, hodím to tam.
04:31
And I've got a gift here from a friend of mine's rabbit.
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A mám tu darček od kamarátovho zajaca.
04:35
So we're just going to put that in there as well.
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Tak to tam dáme tiež.
04:39
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
04:40
Okay. (Laughter) Now.
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Ok. (Smiech) Takže...
04:44
The Lifesaver bottle works really simply.
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Fľaška Lifesaver funguje veľmi jednoducho.
04:49
You just scoop the water up.
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Len naberiete vodu.
04:51
Today I'm going to use a jug
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Dnes použijem krčah,
04:53
just to show you all. Let's get a bit of that poo in there.
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aby ste na to dobre videli. Dajme tam aj trochu toho bobku.
04:57
That's not dirty enough. Let's just stir that up a little bit.
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Ešte to nie je dosť špinavé. Zamiešajme to trochu.
05:03
Okay, so I'm going to take this really filthy water,
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Ok, tak teraz vezmem túto naozaj hnusnú vodu,
05:08
and put it in here. Do you want a drink yet?
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a dám ju sem. Chcete sa napiť?
05:12
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
05:13
Okay. There we go.
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Ok, tak ideme na to.
05:17
Replace the top.
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Zavrite vrchnák.
05:22
Give it a few pumps. Okay?
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Trochu zapumpujte. Ok.
05:26
That's all that's necessary.
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To je všetko, čo musíme urobiť.
05:29
Now as soon as I pop the teat,
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V momente, keď otvorím náustok,
05:33
sterile drinking water is going to come out.
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vyjde odtiaľ sterilná pitná voda. Musím to vystihnúť.
05:35
I've got to be quick. Okay, ready?
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Ok, ste pripravení?
05:40
There we go. Mind the electrics.
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Tak ideme na to. Pozor na elektroniku.
05:42
That is safe, sterile drinking water.
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To je bezpečná, sterilná pitná voda.
05:46
(Applause)
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(Potlesk)
05:48
Cheers.
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Na zdravie.
05:50
(Applause)
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(Potlesk)
05:53
There you go Chris.
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Daj si Chris.
05:55
(Applause)
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(Potlesk)
06:00
What's it taste of?
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Ako to chutí?
06:02
Chris Anderson: Delicious.
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Chris Anderson: Výborne.
06:04
Michael Pritchard: Okay.
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Michael Pritchard: Ok.
06:07
Let's see Chris's program throughout the rest of the show. Okay?
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Uvidíme ako sa bude Chris držať po zvyšok programu. Ok?
06:10
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
06:13
Okay. Lifesaver bottle is used by thousands of people around the world.
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Ok. Fľašku Lifesaver používajú na svete tisíce ľudí.
06:18
It'll last for 6,000 liters.
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Vydrží na 6000 litrov.
06:20
And when it's expired, using failsafe technology,
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A keď uplynie táto doba, pomocou technológie na zabezpečenie ochrany
06:23
the system will shut off, protecting the user.
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sa systém vyradí a tak ochraňuje užívateľa.
06:26
Pop the cartridge out. Pop a new one in.
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Vyberiete náplň. Dáte tam novú.
06:28
It's good for another 6,000 liters.
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A môžete to používať ďalších 6000 litrov.
06:32
So let's look at the applications.
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Poďme sa pozrieť na využitie.
06:34
Traditionally, in a crisis, what do we do?
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Čo robíme tradične v krízovej situácii?
06:36
We ship water.
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Dopravujeme vodu na miesto.
06:38
Then, after a few weeks, we set up camps.
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A potom, po niekoľkých týždňoch, staviame tábory.
06:42
And people are forced to come into the camps to get their safe drinking water.
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A ľudia musia prísť do tábora, aby mali pitnú vodu.
06:47
What happens when 20,000 people congregate in a camp?
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Čo sa stane, keď sa nahromadí 20,000 ľudí v tábore?
06:52
Diseases spread. More resources are required.
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Šíria sa choroby. Je potrebých viac zdrojov.
06:55
The problem just becomes self-perpetuating.
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Problémy sa nabaľujú na seba.
06:59
But by thinking differently,
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Ale ak budeme uvažovať inak,
07:01
and shipping these,
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a dodávať tieto tu,
07:03
people can stay put.
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ľudia môžu zostať kde sú.
07:05
They can make their own sterile drinking water,
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Môžu si sami spraviť sterilnú pitnú vodu,
07:08
and start to get on with rebuilding their homes and their lives.
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a začať s obnovou svojich domovov a životov.
07:13
Now, it doesn't require a natural disaster
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V zásade netreba prírodnú katastrofu,
07:16
for this to work.
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aby sme toto mohli využiť.
07:19
Using the old thinking, of national infrastructure
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Zastaralé myslenie, so svojou národnou infraštruktúrou
07:23
and pipe work, is too expensive.
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a potrubiami, je príliš nákladné.
07:26
When you run the numbers on a calculator,
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Keď to začnete počítať,
07:28
you run out of noughts.
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je to nekonečné.
07:30
So here is the "thinking different" bit.
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Takže tu je ukážka iného myslenia.
07:33
Instead of shipping water,
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Namiesto toho, aby sme dodávali vodu potrubím
07:35
and using man-made processes to do it,
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a využívali procesy vytvorené človekom,
07:38
let's use Mother Nature. She's got a fantastic system.
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použime radšej Matku Zem. Tá má fantastický systém.
07:41
She picks the water up from there,
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Vezme vodu odtiaľ,
07:44
desalinates it, for free, transports it over there,
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zadarmo ju odsolí, presunie ju sem
07:48
and dumps it onto the mountains, rivers, and streams.
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a zhodí ju na hory, rieky a potoky.
07:50
And where do people live? Near water.
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A kde žijú ľudia? Blízko vody.
07:53
All we've go to do
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Jediné, čo musíme urobiť,
07:55
is make it sterile. How do we do that?
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je sterilizovať ju.
07:57
Well, we could use the Lifesaver bottle.
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Môžeme použiť fľašku Lifesaver.
08:00
Or we could use one of these.
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Alebo použiť jednu z týchto.
08:02
The same technology, in a jerry can.
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Tá istá technológia v bandaske.
08:05
This will process 25,000 liters of water;
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Táto dokáže spracovať 25,000 litrov vody.
08:10
that's good enough for a family of four,
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To je dosť pre štvorčlennú rodinu
08:14
for three years.
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na 3 roky.
08:17
And how much does it cost?
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A koľko to stojí?
08:19
About half a cent a day to run.
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Približne pol centu denne.
08:21
Thank you.
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Ďakujem.
08:23
(Applause)
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(Potlesk)
08:26
So, by thinking differently, and processing water
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Takže, ak budeme rozmýšľať inak, a spracovávať vodu
08:29
at the point of use,
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v mieste spotreby,
08:31
mothers and children no longer have to walk four hours a day
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matky a deti už nebudú musieť kráčať 4 hodiny denne,
08:35
to collect their water.
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aby si nabrali vodu.
08:37
They can get it from a source nearby.
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Môžu ju vziať z neďalekého zdroja,
08:41
So with just eight billion dollars,
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Takže stačí osem miliárd dolárov,
08:44
we can hit the millennium goal's target
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a môžeme dosiahnuť jeden s cieľov tisícročia,
08:47
of halving the number of people
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zmenšiť na polovicu počet ľudí,
08:49
without access to safe drinking water.
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ktorí nemajú prístup k pitnej vode.
08:52
To put that into context,
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Aby som to zasadil do kontextu,
08:54
The U.K. government spends about 12 billion pounds
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Britská vláda míňa asi 12 miliárd libier
08:58
a year on foreign aid.
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ročne na zahraničnú pomoc.
09:01
But why stop there?
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Ale prečo skončiť tu?
09:04
With 20 billion dollars, everyone can have access to safe drinking water.
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Za 20 miliárd dolárov môže mať každý prístup k bezpečnej pitnej vode.
09:10
So the three-and-a-half billion people
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Takže tri a pol miliardy ľudí,
09:12
that suffer every year as a result,
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ktorí následkom tohto trpia každý rok,
09:15
and the two million kids that die every year,
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a dva milióny detí, ktoré každý rok umierajú,
09:19
will live.
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budú žiť.
09:23
Thank you.
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Ďakujem.
09:25
(Applause)
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(Potlesk)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Michael Pritchard - InventorWith cutting-edge nanotech, Michael Pritchard's Lifesaver water-purification bottle could revolutionize water-delivery systems in disaster-stricken areas around the globe.
Why you should listen
During the twin tragedies of the Asian tsunami and Hurricane Katrina, Ipswich water-treatment expert Michael Pritchard winced helplessly at televised coverage of throngs of refugees waiting for days for a simple drink of clean water. Stricken by the chronic failure of aid agencies to surmount this basic challenge, Pritchard decided to do something about it.
Using a non-chemical nano-filtration hollow fiber membrane with 15 nanometer pores (it is designed to block viruses), the Lifesaver bottle can make the most revolting swamp water drinkable in seconds. Better still, a single long-lasting filter can clean 6,000 liters of water. Given the astronomical cost of shipping water to disaster areas, Pritchard's Lifesaver bottle could turn traditional aid models on their heads.
Michael Pritchard | Speaker | TED.com