TEDxHogeschoolUtrecht
Sebastian Deterding: What your designs say about you
Sebastian Deterding: Kaj vaš dizajn pove o vas
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Kaj vaš stol pove o tem, kaj cenite? Dizajner Sebastian Deterding nam pokaže svoj pogled na moralo in na to, kaj je dobro življenje, ter kako se odraža v oblikovanju predmetov, ki nas obkrožajo.
Sebastian Deterding - Designer
Sebastian Deterding is an interface designer who thinks deeply about persuasive and gameful design. Full bio
Sebastian Deterding is an interface designer who thinks deeply about persuasive and gameful design. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
We are today talking about moral persuasion.
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Danes govorimo o moralnem prepričevanju.
00:18
What is moral and immoral
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Kaj je moralno in kaj nemoralno
00:20
in trying to change people's behaviors
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pri spreminjanju vedenja posameznikov
00:22
by using technology and using design?
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z uporabo tehnologije in dizajna?
00:25
And I don't know what you expect,
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Ne vem, kaj pričakujete,
00:27
but when I was thinking about that issue,
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toda, ko sem sam razmišljal o tem problemu,
00:29
I early on realized
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sem kmalu spoznal,
00:30
what I'm not able to give you are answers.
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da vam ne morem ponuditi odgovorov na ta vprašanja.
00:33
I'm not able to tell you what is moral or immoral
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Ne morem vam reči, kaj je moralno in kaj ne,
00:36
because we're living in a pluralist society.
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ker živimo v pluralistični družnbi.
00:38
My values can be radically different
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Moje vrednote so lahko popolnoma drugačne
00:41
from your values.
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od vaših.
00:43
Which means that what I consider moral or immoral based on that
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To pomeni, da je tisto, kar je zame moralno
in tisto, kar je zame nemoralno
in tisto, kar je zame nemoralno
00:46
might not necessarily be what you consider moral or immoral.
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ni nujno enako kot tisto,
kar vi vidite kot moralno ali nemoralno.
kar vi vidite kot moralno ali nemoralno.
00:50
But I also realized that there is one thing that I could give you.
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Ob tem razmišljanju pa sem ugotovil tudi,
da vam kljub vsemu lahko dam nekaj.
da vam kljub vsemu lahko dam nekaj.
00:53
And that is what this guy behind me gave the world --
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In to je tisto, kar je ta moški svetu dal
že dolgo pred mano.
že dolgo pred mano.
00:56
Socrates.
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Sokrat.
00:57
It is questions.
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To so vprašanja.
00:58
What I can do and what I would like to do with you
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Tisto, kar lahko naredim in,
kar bi rad naredil za vas je,
kar bi rad naredil za vas je,
01:01
is give you, like that initial question,
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da vam ponudim prvo vprašanje,
01:03
a set of questions
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skupek vprašanj
01:04
to figure out for yourself,
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na katera si boste odgovarjali sami,
01:06
layer by layer,
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plast za plastjo,
01:08
like peeling an onion,
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kot da bi lupili čebulo,
01:10
getting at the core of what you believe
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in se tako dokopali do jedra tistega,
za kar menite,
za kar menite,
01:12
is moral or immoral persuasion.
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da je moralno ali nemoralno prepričevanje.
01:16
And I'd like to do that with a couple of examples
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Pri tem si bom pomagal
z dvema primeroma
z dvema primeroma
01:18
of technologies where people have used game elements
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tehnologij, v katerih so ljudje
uporabljali elemente igre,
uporabljali elemente igre,
01:21
to get people to do things.
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s katerimi so pripravili ljudi
do določenih dejanj.
do določenih dejanj.
01:25
So it's a first very simple, a very obvious question
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Torej prvo zelo preprosto vprašanje,
01:28
I would like to give you:
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ki bi vam ga rad zastavil je:
01:30
What are your intentions if you are designing something?
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Kakšen je vaš namen,
ko nekaj oblikujete?
ko nekaj oblikujete?
01:33
And obviously intentions are not the only thing,
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In očitno nameni niso edina stvar,
01:36
so here is another example for one of these applications.
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zato je tu še en primer.
01:39
There are a couple of these kinds of eco-dashboards right now --
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Pred kratkim so izumili eko armaturne plošče.
01:42
so dashboards built into cars
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Gre za armaturne plošče v avtomobilih,
01:44
which try to motivate you to drive more fuel efficiently.
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ki z eko-indikatorjem spodbujajo
voznike k varčni vožnji.
voznike k varčni vožnji.
01:47
This here is Nissan's MyLeaf,
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Tukaj vidimo Nissanov Myleaf,
01:48
where your driving behavior is compared
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ki vaše vedenje na cesti primerja
01:51
with the driving behavior of other people,
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z vedenjem drugih voznikov.
01:52
so you can compete for who drives around
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Tako lahko tekmujete in preverjate
01:54
the most fuel efficiently.
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kdo vozi najbolj varčno.
01:56
And these things are very effective, it turns out,
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Te zadeve so se izkazale za izredno učinkovite.
01:58
so effective that they motivate people
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Celo tako zelo, da so motivirale ljudi,
02:01
to engage in unsafe driving behaviors --
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da so vozili neodgovorno,
02:03
like not stopping on a red headlight.
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na primer prevozili rdečo luč.
02:04
Because that way you have to stop and restart the engine,
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To so počeli zato, ker je treba pri rdeči
luči ustaviti in ponovno zagnati motor,
luči ustaviti in ponovno zagnati motor,
02:07
and that would use quite some fuel, wouldn't it?
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to pa zagotovo porabi nekaj goriva, kajne?
02:11
So despite this being a very well-intended application,
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Torej kljub zelo dobrem namenu aplikacije,
02:15
obviously there was a side effect of that.
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očitno naletimo tudi na stranske učinke.
02:17
And here's another example for one of these side effects.
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Tu je še en primer takšnih
stranskih učinkov.
stranskih učinkov.
02:20
Commendable:
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Commendable:
02:21
a site that allows parents to give their kids little badges
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Spletna stran, na kateri starši svojim
otrokom podeljujejo značke
otrokom podeljujejo značke
02:25
for doing the things that parents want their kids to do --
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za naloge, ki so jih njihovi otroci opravili.
02:27
like tying their shoes.
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Na primer zavezali čevlje.
02:28
And at first that sounds very nice,
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Na prvi pogled je slišati zelo lepo,
02:31
very benign, well intended.
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zelo neškodljivo,
z lepim namenom.
z lepim namenom.
02:33
But it turns out, if you look into research on people's mindset,
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Toda, če si ogledamo raziskave
človeške miselnosti, ugotovimo, da
človeške miselnosti, ugotovimo, da
02:36
that caring about outcomes,
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skrb glede rezultatov,
02:38
caring about public recognition,
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skrb glede javne podobe,
02:40
caring about these kinds of public tokens of recognition
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skrb glede takšnih vrst javnih priznanj
02:44
is not necessarily very helpful
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dolgoročno ni najbolj koristna
02:46
for your long-term psychological well-being.
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za vaše dobro psihično počutje.
02:48
It's better if you care about learning something.
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Bolje je, da nas zanima, kako bi se česa naučili.
02:51
It's better when you care about yourself
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Bolje je, kadar nas bolj skrbi zase
02:53
than how you appear in front of other people.
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kot za to, kako nas vidijo drugi.
02:56
So that kind of motivational tool that is used
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Torej, takšno motivacijsko orodje,
02:59
actually in and of itself
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ki se ga uporablja dejansko
v in na samem sebi
v in na samem sebi
03:01
has a long-term side effect
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ima dolgoročne stranske učinke
03:03
in that every time we use a technology
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vsakič, ko uporabljamo tehnologijo,
03:05
that uses something like public recognition or status,
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ki uporablja javna priznanja ali
izboljšanje statusa,
izboljšanje statusa,
03:08
we're actually positively endorsing this
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dejansko promoviramo ravno to
03:11
as a good and a normal thing to care about --
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kot dobro stvar, za katero nas mora skrbeti.
03:14
that way, possibly having a detrimental effect
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Na takšen način lahko dosežemo
škodljiv učinek na
škodljiv učinek na
03:17
on the long-term psychological well-being of ourselves as a culture.
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dolgoročno psihično počutje
nas kot pripadnikov določene kulture.
nas kot pripadnikov določene kulture.
03:21
So that's a second, very obvious question:
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To je torej drugo, zelo očitno vprašanje:
03:23
What are the effects of what you're doing?
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Kakšne bodo posledice naših dejanj?
03:26
The effects that you're having with the device,
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Učinki, ki bo imela naprava,
03:28
like less fuel,
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kot je manj porabljenega goriva,
03:29
as well as the effects of the actual tools you're using
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pa tudi učinki orodij, ki jih uporabljamo,
03:32
to get people to do things --
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da pri ljudeh dosegamo določena dejanja.
03:34
public recognition.
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Javna priznanja.
03:36
Now is that all -- intention, effect?
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Je to vse? Namen, učinek?
03:39
Well there are some technologies
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No, tu so še tehnologije,
03:40
which obviously combine both.
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ki seveda združujejo oboje.
03:42
Both good long-term and short-term effects
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Tako dolgoročne kot tudi kratkoročne učinke
03:44
and a positive intention like Fred Stutzman's Freedom,
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in dober namen, kot ga je imel
Freda Stutzman s Freedomom.
Freda Stutzman s Freedomom.
03:47
where the whole point of that application
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Namen te aplikacije je,
03:49
is, well, we're usually so bombarded
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no, običajno nas tako bombardirajo
03:52
with calls and requests by other people,
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s klici in prošnjami drugih ljudi,
03:53
with this device you can shut off the Internet connectivity
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s pomočjo te naprave pa lahko
izklopimo povezovanje s spletom
izklopimo povezovanje s spletom
03:56
of your PC of choice for a preset amount of time
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na svojem osebnem računalniku
za čas, ki ga določimo vnaprej
za čas, ki ga določimo vnaprej
03:59
to actually get some work done.
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in tako opravimo svoje delo.
04:02
And I think most of us will agree,
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Večina bi se strinjala,
04:03
well that's something well intended
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da gre res za dober namen
04:04
and also has good consequences.
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in dobre posledice.
04:07
In the words of Michel Foucault,
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Kot pravi Michel Foucault,
04:09
"It is a technology of the self."
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"Gre za tehnologijo na sebi"
04:11
It is a technology that empowers the individual
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Gre za tehnologijo, s pomočjo katere posameznik
04:13
to determine its own life course,
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določa potek njenega življenja,
04:16
to shape itself.
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v katerem se oblikuje.
04:17
But the problem is,
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Toda težava je,
04:19
as Foucault points out,
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kot pravi Foucault,
04:20
that every technology of the self
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da ima vsaka tehnologija na sebi
04:22
has a technology of domination as its flip side.
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na drugi strani tudi tehnologijo dominacije.
04:25
As you see in today's modern liberal democracies,
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Kot danes vidimo v moralnih
liberalnih demokracijah,
liberalnih demokracijah,
04:30
the society, the state,
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družba, država,
04:32
not only allows us to determine our self, to shape our self,
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ne le omogočata, da določamo in
oblikujemo sami sebe
oblikujemo sami sebe
04:36
it also demands it of us.
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ampak to od nas celo zahtevata.
04:38
It demands that we optimize ourselves,
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Zahtevata, da se optimiziramo,
04:40
that we control ourselves,
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se nadzorujemo,
04:42
that we self-manage continuously
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se nenehno usmerjamo,
04:44
because that's the only way
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saj je to edini način,
04:46
in which such a liberal society works.
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na katerega lahko deluje
takšna liberalna družba.
takšna liberalna družba.
04:49
These technologies want us to stay in the game
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Te tehnologije od nas zahtevajo,
da ostanemo v igri,
da ostanemo v igri,
04:53
that society has devised for us.
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ki jo je za nas ustvarila družba.
04:56
They want us to fit in even better.
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Hočejo, da se še bolje vklopimo.
04:58
They want us to optimize ourselves to fit in.
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Hočejo, da se optimiziramo,
da se bomo bolje vklopili vanjo.
da se bomo bolje vklopili vanjo.
05:01
Now I don't say that is necessarily a bad thing.
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Ne pravim, da je to nujno slaba stvar.
05:05
I just think that this example
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Mislim le, da nas ta primer
05:07
points us to a general realization,
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usmerja k splošnemu spoznanju:
05:10
and that is no matter what technology or design you look at,
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Ne glede na to, katero tehnologijo
ali dizajn si ogledamo,
ali dizajn si ogledamo,
05:13
even something we consider as well intended and as good in its effects --
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celo kaj, za kar mislimo,
da ima dober namen in pozitivne učinke,
da ima dober namen in pozitivne učinke,
05:18
like Stutzman's Freedom --
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kot je bil Stutzmanov Freedom,
05:20
comes with certain values embedded in it.
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vsaka ima vgrajene določene vrednote.
05:22
And we can question these values.
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O teh vrednotah pa se lahko sprašujemo.
05:24
We can question: Is it a good thing
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Lahko se vprašamo: Ali je dobro,
05:26
that all of us continuously self-optimize ourselves
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da se vsi nenehno izboljšujemo,
05:30
to fit better into that society?
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da bi se bolje vklopili v družbo?
05:32
Or to give you another example,
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Naj navedem še en primer.
05:33
what about a piece of persuasive technology
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Kaj pa prepričevalna tehnologija,
05:35
that convinces Muslim women to wear their headscarves?
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ki muslimanke prepričuje,
da si obraze prekrijejo z rutami?
da si obraze prekrijejo z rutami?
05:39
Is that a good or a bad technology
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Je to dobra ali slaba tehnologija
05:41
in its intentions or in its effects?
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glede na namen in učinek?
05:44
Well that basically depends
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V bistvu je pomembno,
05:45
on the kind of values that you bring to bear
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kakšen je vaš sistem vrednot,
05:48
to make these kinds of judgments.
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saj je od tega odvisna naša razsodba.
05:50
So that's a third question:
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To je torej tretje vprašanje:
05:52
What values do you use to judge?
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S katerimi vrednotami sodimo?
05:53
And speaking of values,
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Ko smo že pri vrednotah,
naj povem,
naj povem,
05:55
I've noticed that in the discussion about moral persuasion online,
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da sem tako v spletnih razpravah
o moralnem prepričevanju
o moralnem prepričevanju
05:59
and when I'm talking with people,
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kot tudi v pogovorih z ostalimi
06:00
more often than not there is a weird bias.
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opazil, da na tem mestu pogosto
postanemo pristranski.
postanemo pristranski.
06:03
And that bias is that we're asking,
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Ta pristranskost se pokaže,
ko se vprašamo,
ko se vprašamo,
06:06
is this or that "still" ethical?
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ali je to ali ono "še vedno" etično?
06:09
Is it "still" permissible?
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Je to "še vedno" dovoljeno?
06:12
We're asking things like,
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Sprašujemo se na primer,
06:13
Is this Oxfam donation form --
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ali je ta Oxfamov obrazec za donacije,
06:15
where the regular monthly donation is the preset default
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s prednastavljenimi mesečnimi donacijami,
06:18
and people, maybe without intending it,
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ki ljudi, morda celo nenamerno,
06:20
are that way encouraged or nudged
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spodbuja ali nagovarja
06:23
into giving a regular donation instead of a one-time donation --
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v redne namesto enkratnih donacij
06:26
is that still permissible?
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še vedno sprejemljiv?
06:27
Is it still ethical?
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Je to še vedno etično?
06:28
We're fishing at the low end.
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V tem primeru hodimo po tankem ledu.
06:30
But in fact, that question
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Toda v bistvu vprašanje
06:32
"Is it still ethical?"
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"Je to še vedno etično"
06:33
is just one way of looking at ethics.
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predstavlja le enega izmed načinov,
kako gledamo na etiko.
kako gledamo na etiko.
06:35
Because if you look at the beginning of ethics
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Če se vrnemo na začetke etike
06:38
in Western culture,
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v zahodni kulturi
06:40
you see a very different idea
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bomo videli zelo drugačne poglede
06:42
of what ethics also could be.
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na to, kaj naj bi bila etika.
06:44
For Aristotle, ethics was not about the question,
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Aristotel etike ni videl kot vprašanje
06:48
is that still good, or is it bad?
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ali je nekaj še vedno dobro ali slabo.
06:50
Ethics was about the question of how to live life well.
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Pri etiki je šlo za vprašanje,
kako živeti dobro življenje.
kako živeti dobro življenje.
06:54
And he put that in the word "arete,"
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Ta pojem je združil v besedo "arete",
06:56
which we, from the [Ancient Greek], translate as "virtue."
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ki jo iz latinščine prevedemo kot "vrlina",
06:59
But really it means excellence.
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dejansko pa pomeni odličnost.
07:00
It means living up to your own full potential
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Pomeni, da dosežemo svoj potencial
07:04
as a human being.
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kot človeška bitja.
07:07
And that is an idea
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To je tisto,
07:08
that, I think, that Paul Richard Buchanan nicely put in a recent essay
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kar je po mojem mnenju lepo
pojasnil Paul Richard Buchanan v svojem eseju,
pojasnil Paul Richard Buchanan v svojem eseju,
07:11
where he said, "Products are vivid arguments
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v katerem pravi:
"Izdelki so slikoviti argumenti
"Izdelki so slikoviti argumenti
07:14
about how we should live our lives."
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v razpravi o tem,
kako naj živimo svoja življenja."
kako naj živimo svoja življenja."
07:16
Our designs are not ethical or unethical
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Naši dizajni niso etični ali neetični
07:19
in that they're using ethical or unethical means of persuading us.
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v smislu da uporabljajo etična ali
neetična sredstva za prepričevanje.
neetična sredstva za prepričevanje.
07:23
They have a moral component
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Moralno komponento imajo
07:25
just in the kind of vision and the aspiration of the good life
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že v sami viziji in težnji po dobrem življenju,
07:29
that they present to us.
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ki nam ju predstavljajo.
07:32
And if you look into the designed environment around us
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Če si ogledamo okolico,
ki nas obkroža
ki nas obkroža
07:35
with that kind of lens,
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s tega vidika
07:36
asking, "What is the vision of the good life
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in se vprašamo:
"Kakšna je vizija dobrega življenja,
"Kakšna je vizija dobrega življenja,
07:39
that our products, our design, present to us?",
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ki nam jo predstavljajo naši izdelki,
naš dizajn,"
naš dizajn,"
07:42
then you often get the shivers,
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nas pogosto spreleti srh,
07:44
because of how little we expect of each other,
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saj drug od drugega pričakujemo
veliko manj,
veliko manj,
07:46
of how little we actually seem to expect
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kot se pravzaprav zdi,
da pričakujemo
da pričakujemo
07:49
of our life and what the good life looks like.
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od svojega življenja in kakšno
naj bi bilo dobro življenje.
naj bi bilo dobro življenje.
07:52
So that's the fourth question I'd like to leave you with:
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To je torej četrto vprašanje,
ki vam ga zastavljam:
ki vam ga zastavljam:
07:56
What vision of the good life
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Kakšno vizijo dobrega življenja
07:58
do your designs convey?
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izražajo vaši dizajni?
08:01
And speaking of design,
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Ko smo že pri dizajnu,
08:03
you notice that I already broadened the discussion.
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opazili ste, da sem že razširil razpravo.
08:06
Because it's not just persuasive technology that we're talking about here,
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Tu namreč ne govorimo o prepričevalni tehnologiji,
08:11
it's any piece of design that we put out here in the world.
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govorimo o vseh dizajnih,
kar jih na svetu obstaja.
kar jih na svetu obstaja.
08:15
I don't know whether you know
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Ne vem, če že veste,
08:17
the great communication researcher Paul Watzlawick
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da je veliki raziskovalec komunikacije
Paul Watzlawick,
Paul Watzlawick,
08:18
who, back in the '60s, made the argument
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v 60-ih letih postavil argument,
08:20
we cannot not communicate.
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da ne moremo ne-komunicirati.
08:21
Even if we choose to be silent,
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Tudi, če se odločimo za molk,
08:24
we chose to be silent. We're communicating something by choosing to be silent.
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smo se odločili, da bomo tiho.
Tudi z izbiro molka nekaj povemo.
Tudi z izbiro molka nekaj povemo.
08:28
And in the same way that we cannot not communicate,
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Enako kot ne moremo
ne-komunicirati
ne-komunicirati
08:31
we cannot not persuade.
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ne moremo ne-prepričevati.
08:32
Whatever we do or refrain from doing,
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Karkoli storimo ali ne storimo,
08:35
whatever we put out there as a piece of design
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karkoli kot neko obliko dizajna
08:38
into the world
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spravimo na svet,
08:39
has a persuasive component.
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vsebuje komponento prepričevanja.
08:41
It tries to affect people.
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Ta skuša vplivati na ljudi.
08:43
It puts a certain vision of the good life
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V dobro življenje vnese določeno vizijo
08:46
out there in front of us.
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in jo postavi pred nas.
08:47
Which is what Peter-Paul Verbeek,
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To je tisto, kar pravi Peter-Paul Verbeek,
08:49
the Dutch philosopher of technology, says.
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nizozemski filozof in tehnolog.
08:51
No matter whether we as designers intend it or not,
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Ne glede na to, ali kot dizajnerji
to nameravamo ali ne,
to nameravamo ali ne,
08:56
we materialize morality.
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pri svojem delu materializiramo moralnost.
08:57
We make certain things harder and easier to do.
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S svojim delom olajšamo
ali otežimo določene stvari.
ali otežimo določene stvari.
09:00
We organize the existence of people.
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Organiziramo obstoj ljudi.
09:02
We put a certain vision of what good or bad
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Ustvarjamo določeno vizijo o tem,
kaj med nami je dobro ali slabo,
kaj med nami je dobro ali slabo,
09:05
or normal or usual is in front of people
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normalno ali običajno.
09:08
by everything we put out there in the world.
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To počnemo z vsem,
kar doprinesemo na svet.
kar doprinesemo na svet.
09:11
Even something as innocuous as a set of school chairs
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Še kaj tako vsakdanjega,
kot so šolski stoli,
kot so šolski stoli,
09:14
is a persuasive technology.
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je pravzaprav prepričevalna tehnologija.
09:16
Because it presents and materializes
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Predstavlja in materializira namreč
09:19
a certain vision of the good life --
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določeno vizijo o dobrem življenju,
09:21
the good life in which teaching and learning and listening
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dobrem življenju, v katerem je poučevanje,
učenje in poslušanje
učenje in poslušanje
09:24
is about one person teaching, the others listening,
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odvisno od osebe, ki poučuje,
tistih, ki poslušajo,
tistih, ki poslušajo,
09:27
in which it is about, learning is done while sitting,
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v katerem se ljudje učimo
medtem ko sedimo,
medtem ko sedimo,
09:31
in which you learn for yourself,
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v katerem se učimo zase,
09:33
in which you're not supposed to change these rules
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v katerem se naj ne bi spreminjalo teh pravil,
09:35
because the chairs are fixed to the ground.
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saj so stoli pritrjeni na tla.
09:39
And even something as innocuous as a single design chair --
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In celo nekaj tako običajnega,
kot je dizajnerski stol,
kot je dizajnerski stol,
09:42
like this one by Arne Jacobsen --
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kot tisti, ki ga je naredil Arne Jacobsen,
09:43
is a persuasive technology.
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je prepričevalna tehnologija.
09:45
Because, again, it communicates an idea of the good life.
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Zato namreč, ker spet posreduje
zamisel o tem, kakšno je dobro življenje.
zamisel o tem, kakšno je dobro življenje.
09:48
A good life --
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Dobro življenje,
09:50
a life that you say you as a designer consent to
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življenje, v katerega bi
kot dizajnerji privolili tako,
kot dizajnerji privolili tako,
09:52
by saying, "In the good life,
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da bi rekli: "V dobrem življenju"
09:54
goods are produced as sustainably or unsustainably as this chair.
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se dobrine proizvaja trajnostno ali
netrajnostno kot ta stol.
netrajnostno kot ta stol.
09:58
Workers are treated as well or as badly
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Z delavci se dela dobro ali slabo,
10:01
as the workers were treated who built that chair."
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tako, kot se je delalo
s tistimi, ki so ustvarili ta stol."
s tistimi, ki so ustvarili ta stol."
10:03
The good life is a life where design is important
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Dobro življenje je življenje,
v katerem je dizajn pomemben,
v katerem je dizajn pomemben,
10:06
because somebody obviously took the time and spent the money
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ker si je nekdo očitno vzel
čas in zapravil denar
čas in zapravil denar
10:09
for that kind of well-designed chair,
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za takšen dobro oblikovan stol,
10:10
where tradition is important
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kjer je pomembna tradicija,
10:12
because this is a traditional classic
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saj je to tradicionalna klasika
10:14
and someone cared about this,
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in nekomu je bilo mar zanjo
10:15
and where there is something as conspicuous consumption,
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in ko imamo opravka z nečim
tako izstopajočim, kot je potrošnja,
tako izstopajočim, kot je potrošnja,
10:17
where it is okay and normal
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kjer je O.K. in normalno
10:19
to spend a humungous amount of money on such a chair
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zapraviti gromozanske količine
denarja za takšen stol,
denarja za takšen stol,
10:22
to signal to other people what your social status is.
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da bi ostalim pokazali svoj socialni status.
10:25
So these are the kinds of layers, the kinds of questions
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To so torej naše plasti,
vrste vprašanj,
vrste vprašanj,
10:28
I wanted to lead you through today --
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ki sem vam jih danes želel približati.
10:30
the question of, What are the intentions
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Vprašanje "Kakšen je namen,
10:32
that you bring to bear when you're designing something?
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ki ga bomo določili svojemu dizajnu?"
10:35
What are the effects, intended and unintended, that you're having?
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"Kakšne učinke,
namerne in nenamerne bo imel?"
namerne in nenamerne bo imel?"
10:38
What are the values you're using
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"Kakšne vrednote bomo uporabljali,
10:40
to judge those?
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ko bomo presojali glede tega?"
10:41
What are the virtues, the aspirations
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Kakšne so odlike, težnje,
10:42
that you're actually expressing in that?
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ki jih s svojim delom izražamo?
10:45
And how does that apply,
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Kako to sovpada
10:47
not just to persuasive technology,
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ne le s prepričevalno tehnologijo
10:49
but to everything you design?
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temveč z vsem, kar oblikujemo?
10:52
Do we stop there?
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Se tu ustavimo?
10:54
I don't think so.
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Ne bi rekel.
10:55
I think that all of these things are eventually informed
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Mislim, da vse te zadeve prej ali slej
pridobijo informacije
pridobijo informacije
11:00
by the core of all of this --
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iz jedra vsega tega
11:01
and this is nothing but life itself.
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in to ni nič drugega kot življenje samo.
11:04
Why, when the question of what the good life is
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Zakaj, ko pa vprašanje,
kaj je dobro življenje,
kaj je dobro življenje,
11:07
informs everything that we design,
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osmisli vse, kar oblikujemo,
11:10
should we stop at design and not ask ourselves,
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bi se morali ustaviti pri svojem dizajnu
in se ne vprašati,
in se ne vprašati,
11:12
how does it apply to our own life?
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kako se to navezuje na naša življenja?
11:15
"Why should the lamp or the house be an art object,
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"Zakaj bi morala biti svetilka ali hiša
umetniški objekt,
umetniški objekt,
11:18
but not our life?"
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naše življenje pa ne,"
11:19
as Michel Foucault puts it.
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kot pravi Michel Foucault.
11:21
Just to give you a practical example of Buster Benson.
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Naj navedem še praktični primer
Busterja Bensona.
Busterja Bensona.
11:24
This is Buster setting up a pull-up machine
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Tu je Buster, ki sestavlja
napravo za dvigovanje
napravo za dvigovanje
11:27
at the office of his new startup Habit Labs,
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v pisarni svojega
start-up podjetja Habit Labs,
start-up podjetja Habit Labs,
11:29
where they're trying to build up other applications
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kjer delajo na izboljšavi ostalih aplikacij,
11:31
like Health Month for people.
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kot je Health Month.
11:33
And why is he building a thing like this?
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Zakaj torej izdeluje nekaj takšnega?
11:36
Well here is the set of axioms
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No, tu je skupek aksiomov
11:38
that Habit Labs, Buster's startup, put up for themselves
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ki so jih v Habit Labs,
Busterjevem start-upu ustvarili zase,
Busterjevem start-upu ustvarili zase,
11:41
on how they wanted to work together as a team
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glede svojega dela kot skupine
11:44
when they're building these applications --
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ko delajo na teh aplikacijah.
11:46
a set of moral principles they set themselves
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Gre za skupek moralnih načel,
ki so jih postavili sami
ki so jih postavili sami
11:48
for working together --
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in veljajo za njihovo skupno delo.
11:50
and one of them being,
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Eno izmed načel je:
11:51
"We take care of our own health and manage our own burnout."
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"Sami skrbimo za svoje zdravje in
pazimo, da nas ne doleti izgorelost"
pazimo, da nas ne doleti izgorelost"
11:54
Because ultimately how can you ask yourselves
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Kako se konec koncev namreč
lahko vprašamo
lahko vprašamo
11:58
and how can you find an answer
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in najdemo odgovor na to,
11:59
on what vision of the good life
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kakšno vizijo dobrega življenja
12:02
you want to convey and create with your designs
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želimo izraziti in ustvariti s svojimi dizajni
12:05
without asking the question,
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ne da bi se vprašali,
12:06
what vision of the good life
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kakšno vizijo dobrega življenja
12:08
do you yourself want to live?
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bi želeli živeti sami?
12:11
And with that, I thank you.
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Za konec se vam zahvaljujem.
12:15
(Applause)
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(Aplavz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sebastian Deterding - DesignerSebastian Deterding is an interface designer who thinks deeply about persuasive and gameful design.
Why you should listen
Sebastian Deterding is a designer and researcher working on user experience, video games, persuasive technology and gameful design. He is interested in how code shapes conduct -- and how to put that knowledge into practice. He is a PhD researcher in Communication at the Graduate School of the Research Center for Media and Communication, Hamburg University. He is also an affiliated researcher at the Hans Bredow Institute for Media Research in Hamburg, and works as an independent user experience designer.
Sebastian Deterding | Speaker | TED.com