TEDxPennQuarter
Christopher McDougall: Are we born to run?
Kristofer MekDugal: Da li smo stvoreni za trčanje?
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Kristofer MekDugal istražuje tajne koje stoje iza ljudske želje za trčanjem. Kako je trčanje pomoglo našim dalekim precima da prežive--i koji porivi naših dalekih predaka se to oslikavaju na nama danas? Na konferenciji TEDxPennQuarter, MekDugal nam priča o maratonki zlatnog srca, neverovatnom, ultimativnom trkaču i o skrivenom plemenu u Meksiku koje trči da bi živelo.
Christopher McDougall - Journalist, runner
Christopher McDougall is the author of "Born to Run: A Hidden Tribe, Super Athletes, and the Greatest Race the World Has Never Seen." Full bio
Christopher McDougall is the author of "Born to Run: A Hidden Tribe, Super Athletes, and the Greatest Race the World Has Never Seen." Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
Running -- it's basically just right, left, right, left -- yeah?
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Trčanje: to je u principu samo desna, leva, desna, leva-- zar ne?
00:18
I mean, we've been doing it for two million years,
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Mislim, to radimo već dva miliona godina,
00:20
so it's kind of arrogant to assume
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tako da bi bilo arogantno da pretpostavim
00:23
that I've got something to say
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da imam da vam kažem nešto
00:25
that hasn't been said and performed better a long time ago.
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što nije bolje rečeno i urađeno već dugo vremena.
00:28
But the cool thing about running, as I've discovered,
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Dobar fenomen koji se javlja tokom trčanja, koji sam otkrio,
00:30
is that something bizarre happens
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jeste da se nešto čudno dešava
00:32
in this activity all the time.
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sve vreme u toku trčanja.
00:34
Case in point: A couple months ago, if you saw the New York City Marathon,
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Primer koji opravdava ovu tvrdnju: pre nekoliko meseci, gledali ste maraton u Njujorku,
00:37
I guarantee you, you saw something
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i ja vam garantujem da ste videli nešto
00:39
that no one has ever seen before.
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što niko nije video pre toga.
00:42
An Ethiopian woman named Derartu Tulu
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Žena iz Etiopije po imenu Derartu Tulu
00:44
turns up at the starting line.
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se pojavila na startnoj liniji.
00:46
She's 37 years old,
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Ima 37 godina,
00:48
she hasn't won a marathon of any kind in eight years,
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nije pobedila ni na jednom maratonu u poslednjih 8 godina,
00:50
and a few months previously
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a par meseci pre toga
00:52
she almost died in childbirth.
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je skoro umrla na porođaju.
00:54
Derartu Tulu was ready to hang it up and retire from the sport,
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Derartu Tulu je bila spremna da odustane od svega i ostavi sport po strani,
00:57
but she decided she'd go for broke
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ali je odlučila da će pokušati
00:59
and try for one last big payday
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da istrči još jednom za veliku zaradu u jednom danu
01:01
in the marquee event,
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u jednom od važnijih događaja,
01:03
the New York City Marathon.
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Njujorškom maratonu.
01:05
Except -- bad news for Derartu Tulu -- some other people had the same idea,
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Samo-- loše vesti za Derartu Tulu-- su bile te da su i neki drugi ljudi imali istu ideju,
01:08
including the Olympic gold medalist
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a među njima je bila i žena koja je osvojila zlato na Olimpijskim igrama
01:10
and Paula Radcliffe, who is a monster,
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i Paula Redklif, koja je pravo čudovište,
01:13
the fastest woman marathoner in history by far.
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najbrža žena u maratonskim trkama u dosadašnjoj istoriji.
01:17
Only 10 minutes off the men's world record,
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Njen najbolji rezultat zaostaje samo za 10 minuta za svetskim rekordom u muškoj kategoriji,
01:19
Paula Radcliffe is essentially unbeatable.
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Paula Redklif je u suštini nepobediva.
01:22
That's her competition.
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To su ljudi sa kojima se ona takmiči.
01:24
The gun goes off, and she's not even an underdog.
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Čuje se pucanj koji označava početak trke, a ona ne samo da je autsajder,
01:27
She's under the underdogs.
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ona je čak i ispod nivoa autsajdera u toj trci.
01:29
But the under-underdog hangs tough,
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Ali se autsajder poprilično dobro drži u trci.
01:31
and 22 miles into a 26-mile race,
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I nakon 35 km u trci od 42 km,
01:34
there is Derartu Tulu
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Derartu Tulu se nalazi
01:36
up there with the lead pack.
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u vodećoj grupi.
01:38
Now this is when something really bizarre happens.
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Ovo je momenat kada se nešto zaista čudno dešava.
01:41
Paula Radcliffe, the one person who is sure to snatch the big paycheck
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Paula Redklif, jedina osoba koja bi zasigurno mogla da preuzmne ogromnu nagradu
01:44
out of Derartu Tulu's under-underdog hands,
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iz ruku autsajdera Derartu Tutu,
01:47
suddenly grabs her leg and starts to fall back.
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se odjednom hvata za svoju nogu i počinje da zaostaje.
01:50
So we all know what to do in this situation, right?
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Mi svi znamo šta da radimo u ovakvoj situaciji, zar ne?
01:52
You give her a quick crack in the teeth with your elbow
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Udarite je brzo laktom u zube
01:54
and blaze for the finish line.
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i krenete šprintom ka završnoj liniji.
01:57
Derartu Tulu ruins the script.
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Ali Derartu Tulu ne poštuje taj scenario.
01:59
Instead of taking off,
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Umesto da nastavi sa trkom,
02:01
she falls back, and she grabs Paula Radcliffe,
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ona zaostaje, i uhvati Paulu Redklif,
02:03
says, "Come on. Come with us. You can do it."
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govoreći joj, "Hajde. Hajde sa nama. Možeš ti to."
02:05
So Paula Radcliffe, unfortunately, does it.
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I na nesreću, Paula Redklif, učini baš to.
02:07
She catches up with the lead pack
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Ona dostigne vodeću grupu
02:09
and is pushing toward the finish line.
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i trči ka završnoj liniji.
02:11
But then she falls back again.
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Ali onda počinje da usporava ponovo.
02:13
And the second time Derartu Tulu grabs her and tries to pull her.
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I po drugi put joj Derartu Tulu dolazi u pomoć i pokušava da je pokrene.
02:15
And Paula Radcliffe at that point says,
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I u tom trenutku Paula Redklif reče,
02:17
"I'm done. Go."
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"Ja sam završila. Trči."
02:19
So that's a fantastic story, and we all know how it ends.
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To je zaista fantastična priča i mi svi znamo kako se završava.
02:22
She loses the check,
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Ona gubi svoj ček,
02:24
but she goes home with something bigger and more important.
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ali se vraća kući sa nečim većim i značajnijim.
02:26
Except Derartu Tulu ruins the script again --
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Ali Derartu Tulu opet menja scenario.
02:29
instead of losing, she blazes past the lead pack and wins,
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Umesto da izgubi tu trku, ona prestiže vodeću grupu i pobeđuje,
02:32
wins the New York City Marathon,
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osvaja maraton u Njujorku.
02:34
goes home with a big fat check.
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i vraća se kući sa ogromnim čekom.
02:36
It's a heartwarming story,
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Ovo je priča od koje vam je toplo oko srca,
02:38
but if you drill a little bit deeper,
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ali ukoliko je analizirate malo detaljnije,
02:40
you've got to sort of wonder about what exactly was going on there.
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ne možete a da se ne zapitate šta se zaista u svemu tome dešava.
02:43
When you have two outliers in one organism,
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Ukoliko uočite dva odstupanja od pravila u jednom biću,
02:45
it's not a coincidence.
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to nije slučajnost.
02:47
When you have someone who is more competitive and more compassionate
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Ukoliko imate osobu koja ima razvijeniji takmičarski duh, ali je pri tome i saosećajnija
02:50
than anybody else in the race, again, it's not a coincidence.
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od svih ostalih u trci, to nije slučajnost.
02:53
You show me a creature with webbed feet and gills;
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Ukoliko ja vidim stvorenje sa plovnim kožicama na nogama i škrgama,
02:56
somehow water's involved.
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siguran sam da je adaptirano na vodene uslove.
02:58
Someone with that kind of heart, there's some kind of connection there.
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A kada vidim osobu takvog srca, znam da postoji neka veza u svemu tome.
03:01
And the answer to it, I think,
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I odgovor na taj fenomen, ja mislim,
03:03
can be found down in the Copper Canyons of Mexico,
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se može naći u Bakarnom kanjonu Meksika,
03:06
where there's a tribe, a reclusive tribe,
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gde živi pleme, povučeno pleme,
03:08
called the Tarahumara Indians.
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koje se zove Tarahumara Indijanci.
03:10
Now the Tarahumara are remarkable for three things.
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Postoje tri vanredne karakteristike ovog plemena.
03:13
Number one is,
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Prvo,
03:15
they have been living essentially unchanged
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oni žive u nepromenjenim uslovima života
03:17
for the past 400 years.
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već poslednjih 400 godina.
03:19
When the conquistadors arrived in North America you had two choices:
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Kada su osvajači došli u Severnu Ameriku, imali ste dva izbora:
03:22
you either fight back and engage or you could take off.
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vi se ili borite ili se povlačite.
03:25
The Mayans and Aztecs engaged,
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Maje i Asteci su izabrali da se bore
03:27
which is why there are very few Mayans and Aztecs.
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i to je razlog što danas nema puno Maja i Asteka.
03:30
The Tarahumara had a different strategy.
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Tarahumara pleme je imalo drugačiju strategiju.
03:32
They took off and hid
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Oni su se povukli i sakrili
03:34
in this labyrinthine, networking,
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u lavirintu kanjona sličnom
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spiderwebbing system of canyons
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paukovoj mreži
03:38
called the Copper Canyons,
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koje zovemo Bakarni kanjon,
03:40
and there they remained since the 1600s --
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i oni su ostali tamo od 1600-tih godina--
03:43
essentially the same way they've always been.
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živeći nepromenjenim stilom života.
03:47
The second thing remarkable about the Tarahumara
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Druga vanredna karakteristika Tarahumara plemena
03:50
is, deep into old age -- 70 to 80 years old --
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je da oni u dubokoj starosti-- kada imaju 70 do 80 godina--
03:53
these guys aren't running marathons;
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ne da trče maratone,
03:55
they're running mega-marathons.
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oni trče mega-maratone.
03:57
They're not doing 26 miles;
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Oni ne trče maratone od 42km,
03:59
they're doing 100, 150 miles at a time,
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već 160, 240 km u jednom cugu,
04:02
and apparently without injury, without problems.
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i to čak bez ikakvih povreda, ikavih problema.
04:05
The last thing that's remarkable about the Tarahumara
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Poslednja vanredna karakteristika Tarahumara
04:07
is that all the things that we're going to be talking about today,
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tiče se svih stvari o kojima ćemo mi pričati danas,
04:09
all the things that we're trying to come up with
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svih rešenja do kojih mi pokušavamo da dođemo
04:11
using all of our technology and brain power to solve --
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koristeći tehnologiju i naš mozak--
04:14
things like heart disease and cholesterol and cancer
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bolesti kao što su bolesti srca, problem holesterola i rak
04:16
and crime and warfare and violence and clinical depression --
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kao i problem kriminala, ratovanja, nasilja i kliničke depresije--
04:19
all this stuff, the Tarahumara don't know what you're talking about.
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to su fenomeni o kojima Tarahumara pleme nema nikakve predstave.
04:22
They are free
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Oni su oslobođeni od
04:24
from all of these modern ailments.
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svih ovih bolesti modernog doba.
04:26
So what's the connection?
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Pa, gde je veza u svemu tome?
04:28
Again, we're talking about outliers --
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Napomenuo bih ponovo, mi pričamo ovde o izuzecima.
04:30
there's got to be some kind of cause and effect there.
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Mora postojati uzročno-posledična veza.
04:32
Well, there are teams of scientists
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Čitavi timovi naučnika
04:34
at Harvard and the University of Utah
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na Harvardu i Univerzitetu u Juti
04:36
that are bending their brains to try to figure out
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korsite sve svoje ćelije mozga kako bi upravo shvatili
04:38
what the Tarahumara have known forever.
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ono što Tarahumara pleme zna oduvek.
04:41
They're trying to solve those same kinds of mysteries.
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Oni pokušavaju da reše iste tajne.
04:44
And once again, a mystery wrapped inside of a mystery --
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I ponovo, to je tajna u okviru druge tajne--
04:47
perhaps the key to Derartu Tulu and the Tarahumara
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i verovatno je razumevanje Derartu Tulu i Tarahumara
04:50
is wrapped in three other mysteries, which go like this:
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sakriveno u tri druge tajne, a to su:
04:53
three things -- if you have the answer, come up and take the microphone,
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Tri pitanja--i ukoliko imate odgovor na njih, dođite i progovorite ispred ovog mikrofona,
04:55
because nobody else knows the answer.
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jer niko drugi ne zna odgovore.
04:57
And if you know it, then you are smarter than anybody else on planet Earth.
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I ukoliko znate odgvore, onda ste pametniji od svih ljudi na ovoj planeti.
05:00
Mystery number one is this:
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Tajna broj jedan:
05:02
Two million years ago the human brain exploded in size.
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veličina mozga ljudi se drastično povećala pre dva miliona godina.
05:05
Australopithecus had a tiny little pea brain.
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Australopitekus je imao mali mozak veličine graška.
05:07
Suddenly humans show up -- Homo erectus --
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Ljudi se odjednom pojave--Homo erektus--
05:09
big, old melon-head.
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i ima glavu veličine dinje.
05:11
To have a brain of that size,
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Da biste imali mozak te veličine,
05:13
you need to have a source of condensed caloric energy.
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morate imati izvor kondezovane energije.
05:16
In other words, early humans are eating dead animals --
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Drugim rečima, naši davni preci su jeli mrtve životinje--
05:18
no argument, that's a fact.
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to je činjenica i tu nema argumenata.
05:20
The only problem is,
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Jedini problem je u tome,
05:22
the first edged weapons only appeared about 200,000 years ago.
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što se prvo hladno oružje pojavilo pre oko 200,000 godina.
05:25
So, somehow, for nearly two million years,
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Tako da smo mi nekako ubijali životinje
05:28
we are killing animals without any weapons.
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u periodu od skoro 2 miliona godina bez ikakvog oružja.
05:31
Now we're not using our strength
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A pri tome mi nismo koristili svoju snagu
05:33
because we are the biggest sissies in the jungle.
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jer smo mi najveći slabići u džungli.
05:35
Every other animal is stronger than we are --
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Sve druge životinje su snažnije od nas.
05:37
they have fangs, they have claws, they have nimbleness, they have speed.
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Imaju kljove, kandže, veoma su agilne i brze.
05:40
We think Usain Bolt is fast. Usain Bolt can get his ass kicked by a squirrel.
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Mi mislimo da je Usajn Bolt brz. Usajn Bolt bi izgubio trku sa vevericom.
05:43
We're not fast.
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Mi nismo brzi.
05:45
That would be an Olympic event: turn a squirrel loose --
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To bi bile Olimpijske igre: ubacite na stazu vevericu.
05:47
whoever catches the squirrel, you get a gold medal.
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Ko god uhvati vevericu, dobija zlatnu medalju.
05:50
So no weapons, no speed, no strength, no fangs, no claws --
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Tako da mi nemamo oružje, snagu, kljove, kandže.
05:53
how were we killing these animals? Mystery number one.
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Kako smo onda ubijali sve te životinje? To je tajna broj jedan.
05:56
Mystery number two:
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Tajna broj dva:
05:58
Women have been in the Olympics for quite some time now,
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Žene se takmiče na Olimpijadama već dugo vremena,
06:01
but one thing that's remarkable about all women sprinters --
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ali izvandredna osobina sprinterki
06:03
they all suck; they're terrible.
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jeste da su one jako loše, očajne su.
06:05
There's not a fast woman on the planet
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Ne postoji brza žena na ovoj planeti
06:07
and there never has been.
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i nikada nije postojala.
06:09
The fastest woman to ever run a mile did it in 4:15.
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Ženski rekord na 2.5 km je 4.15.
06:12
I could throw a rock and hit a high school boy
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Mogao bih da bacim kamen i pogodim bilo kog dečaka
06:14
who can run faster than 4:15.
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u srednjoj školi koji bi mogao da istrči brže od 4.15.
06:16
For some reason you guys are just really slow.
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Iz nekog razloga vi ste zaista prosto veoma spore.
06:18
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
06:20
But you get to the marathon we were just talking about --
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Ali ako pričamo o maratonskim trkama koje smo baš spomenuli--
06:23
you guys have only been allowed to run the marathon for 20 years.
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vama je dozvoljeno da trčite maratone u poslednjih 20 godina.
06:25
Because, prior to the 1980s,
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Jer, pre 80-tih,
06:27
medical science said that if a woman tried to run 26 miles --
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medicinari su mislili da bi se - ukoliko bi žena pokušala da trči 42 km--
06:30
does anyone know what would happen if you tried to run 26 miles,
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da li neko zna šta bi se desilo u tom slučaju?
06:32
why you were banned from the marathon before the 1980s?
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Zašto vam je bilo zabranjeno da trčite marotone pre 80-tih?
06:36
(Audience Member: Her uterus would be torn.) Her uterus would be torn.
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(Neko iz publike: Raspala bi se materica). Njena materica bi se raspala.
06:39
Yes. You would have torn reproductive organs.
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Da. Vaši reproduktivni organi bi se raspali.
06:41
The uterus would fall out, literally fall out of the body.
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Materica bi ispala, bukvalno ispala iz tela.
06:44
Now I've been to a lot of marathons,
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Sada, ja sam bio na mnogo maratona
06:46
and I've yet to see any ...
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i još uvek nisam to video.
06:48
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
06:51
So it's only been 20 years that women have been allowed to run the marathon.
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Tako da je ženama tek 20 godina dozvoljeno da trče maratone.
06:54
In that very short learning curve,
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U toku tog kratkog perioda učenja,
06:56
you guys have gone from broken organs
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vi ste napredovle od povređenih organa
06:59
up to the fact that you're only 10 minutes off
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do toga da zaostajete za samo 10 minuta
07:01
the male world record.
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za muškim svetskim rekordom.
07:03
Then you go beyond 26 miles,
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A ukoliko razmotrite trke duže od 42 km,
07:05
into the distance that medical science also told us would be fatal to humans --
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distance za koje nam je medicina isto tako govorila da bi bile fatalne za ljude--
07:08
remember Pheidippides died when he ran 26 miles --
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sećate se da je Feidipides umro kada je istrčao 42 km--
07:10
you get to 50 and 100 miles,
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trke od 80 i 160 km,
07:12
and suddenly it's a different game.
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iznenada pričamo o drugačijoj igri.
07:14
You can take a runner like Ann Trason, or Nikki Kimball, or Jenn Shelton,
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Ako razmatrate trkače kao što su Ana Trason, ili Niki Kimbal ili Džen Šelton,
07:17
you put them in a race of 50 or 100 miles against anybody in the world
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u trci sa bilo kim na ovome svetu dužine 80 ili 160km
07:20
and it's a coin toss who's going to win.
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bacanjem novčića možete da odredite ko će pobediti.
07:22
I'll give you an example.
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Daću vam primer.
07:24
A couple years ago, Emily Baer signed up for a race
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Pre nekoliko godina, Emili Ber se registrovala za trku
07:26
called the Hardrock 100,
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zvanu "Hardrock 100",
07:28
which tells you all you need to know about the race.
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a to vam govori sve što treba da znate o trci.
07:31
They give you 48 hours to finish this race.
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I imate 48 sati da završite trku.
07:33
Well Emily Baer -- 500 runners --
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E pa, Emili Ber-- jedna od 500 učesnika trke--
07:35
she finishes in eighth place, in the top 10,
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je završila na osmom mestu, među 10 najboljih,
07:37
even though she stopped at all the aid stations
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iako se zaustavila na svim pomoćnim puntovima
07:39
to breastfeed her baby during the race --
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da nadoji svoju bebu u toku trke--
07:42
and yet, beat 492 other people.
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i opet je pobedila 492 učesnika.
07:44
So why is it that women get stronger
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Poslednja misterija : zašto su žene snažnije
07:46
as distances get longer?
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na dužim destinacijama?
07:48
The third mystery is this:
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Treća tajna je sledeća:
07:50
At the University of Utah, they started tracking finishing times
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Na Univerzitetu u Juti su počeli da analiziraju završno vreme
07:53
for people running the marathon.
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ljudi koji trče maratone.
07:55
And what they found
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Pronašli su da,
07:57
is that, if you start running the marathon at age 19,
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ukoliko počnete da trčite maraton u 19-oj godini,
07:59
you will get progressively faster, year by year,
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bićete sve brži i brži, godinu za godinom,
08:01
until you reach your peak at age 27.
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dok ne dosegnete maksimum u 27-oj godini.
08:03
And then after that, you succumb
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I onda nakon toga, podležete
08:05
to the rigors of time.
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posledicama starenja.
08:07
And you'll get slower and slower,
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Postajete sporiji i sporiji,
08:09
until eventually you're back to running the same speed you were at age 19.
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dok ponovo ne dođete do brzine kojom ste trčali kada ste imali 19 godina.
08:12
So about seven years, eight years to reach your peak,
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Treba vam dakle 7-8 godina da dosegnete svoj maksimum,
08:14
and then gradually you fall off your peak,
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i onda postepeno postajete sporiji,
08:16
until you go back to the starting point.
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dok ne dođete do polazne tačke.
08:19
You would think it might take eight years to go back to the same speed,
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Možda mislite kako je potrebno 8 godina da biste se vratili na početnu brzinu,
08:22
maybe 10 years -- no, it's 45 years.
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možda 10 godina--ali ne, potrebno je 45 godina.
08:25
64-year-old men and women
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60-ogodišnjaci, i muškarci i žene
08:27
are running as fast as they were at age 19.
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trče istom brzinom kojom su trčali sa 19 godina.
08:30
Now I defy you to come up with any other physical activity --
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Ja vas sada izazivam da se setite bilo koje druge fizičke aktivnosti--
08:33
and please don't say golf -- something that actually is hard --
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i samo nemojte reći golf-- nešto što je zaista teško--
08:37
where geriatrics are performing
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gde stariji ljudi pokazuju iste sposobnosti
08:39
as well as they did as teenagers.
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kao kada su bili tinejdžeri.
08:42
So you have these three mysteries.
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Tako da postoje ove tri misterije.
08:44
Is there one piece in the puzzle
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Da li postoji deo ove zagonetke
08:46
which might wrap all these things up?
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koji bi ujedinio sve ove fenomene?
08:48
You've got to be really careful any time
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Morate biti jako obazrivi svaki put
08:50
someone looks back in prehistory and tries to give you some sort of global answer,
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kada neko pokuša analizirajući praistorijisko vreme da vam da generlani odgovor,
08:53
because, it being prehistory,
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obzirom da govorimo o praistoriji,
08:55
you can say whatever the hell you want and get away with it.
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možete reći šta god poželite i to vam može proći.
08:57
But I'll submit this to you:
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Ali predstavljam vam sledeće:
08:59
If you put one piece in the middle of this jigsaw puzzle,
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ukoliko u centar ove zagonentne slagalice postavite jedan fenomen,
09:01
suddenly it all starts to form a coherent picture.
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odjednom se formira koherentna slika.
09:04
If you wonder, why it is the Tarahumara don't fight
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Ukoliko se pitate zašto se Tarahumara pleme ne bori
09:06
and don't die of heart disease,
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i ne umire od srčanih oboljenja,
09:08
why a poor Ethiopian woman named Derartu Tulu
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zašto jadna žena iz Etiopije po imenu Derartu Tulu
09:11
can be the most compassionate and yet the most competitive,
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može biti najsaosećajnija, a opet i najkompetitivnija osoba,
09:14
and why we somehow were able
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i kako smo mi nekako bili sposobni
09:16
to find food without weapons,
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da nađemo hranu bez oružja,
09:18
perhaps it's because humans,
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možda je sve to usled toga što su ljudi,
09:20
as much as we like to think of ourselves as masters of the universe,
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bez obzira na to koliko mi želimo da mislimo o nama kao gospodarima univerzuma,
09:23
actually evolved as nothing more
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u principu evoluirali kao ništa više nego
09:25
than a pack of hunting dogs.
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horda lovačkih pasa.
09:27
Maybe we evolved
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Možda smo evoluirali
09:29
as a hunting pack animal.
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kao horda životinja-lovaca.
09:31
Because the one advantage we have in the wilderness --
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Jer jedina prednost koju imamo u divljini--
09:33
again, it's not our fangs and our claws and our speed --
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ponovo, nisu naše kandže i kljove ili naša brzina--
09:35
the only thing we do really, really well is sweat.
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jeste ta što se mi veoma, veoma dobro znojimo.
09:38
We're really good at being sweaty and smelly.
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Stvarno nam dobro polazi za rukom da se oznojimo i osećamo.
09:41
Better than any other mammal on Earth, we can sweat really well.
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Mi možemo veoma dobro da se znojimo, bolje od bilo kojeg drugog sisara na Zemlji.
09:44
But the advantage
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Ali prednost
09:46
of that little bit of social discomfort
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ove male društvene nezgode
09:48
is the fact that, when it comes to running
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je u tome da kada dođe do trčanja
09:50
under hot heat for long distances,
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po velikoj vrućini i na velikim daljinama,
09:53
we're superb, we're the best on the planet.
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mi smo neprevaziđeni, najboji na planeti.
09:56
You take a horse on a hot day,
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Ukoliko posmatrate konja u toku toplog dana,
09:58
and after about five or six miles, that horse has a choice.
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taj konj nakon 8-9 km ima sledeći izbor.
10:00
It's either going to breathe or it's going to cool off,
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Konj će ili da diše ili da se rashladi,
10:03
but it ain't doing both -- we can.
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ali ne radi obe radnje-- ne može.
10:05
So what if we evolved as hunting pack animals?
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Da li smo mi evoluirali kao lovačko krdo životinja?
10:08
What if the only natural advantage we had in the world
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Da li je naša jedina prirodna prednost u svetu ta
10:12
was the fact that we could get together as a group,
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što smo mogli da se organizujemo u grupu,
10:14
go out there on that African Savannah, pick out an antelope
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i krenemo poljanama savane u Africi, izaberemo antilopu
10:17
and go out as a pack and run that thing to death?
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i krenemo kao čopor za tom živortinjom koju trčanjem iscrpimo do smrti?
10:20
That's all we could do.
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To je sve što smo mogli da uradimo,
10:22
We could run really far on a hot day.
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mogli smo da trčimo veoma dugo po vrućini.
10:24
Well if that's true, a couple other things had to be true as well.
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Pa ukoliko je ovo tačno, još nekoliko stvari mora biti tačno takođe.
10:27
The key to being part of a hunting pack is the word "pack."
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Da bismo bili deo jednog lovačkog čopora, ključna stvar je reč čopor.
10:30
If you go out by yourself, and you try to chase an antelope,
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Ukoliko sami izađete u polje i pokušate da uhvatite antilopu,
10:32
I guarantee you there's going to be two cadavers out there in the Savannah.
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garantujem da biste našli dva leša tamo u savani.
10:35
You need a pack to pull together.
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Neophodan je čopor koji zajedno funkcioniše.
10:37
You need to have those 64-, 65-year-olds
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Neophodni su ljudi od 64, 65 godina
10:39
who have been doing this for a long time
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koji su radili to već dugo godina
10:41
to understand which antelope you're actually trying to catch.
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jer znaju koju antilopu treba izabrati kao plen.
10:43
The herd explodes and it gathers back again.
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Čopor se rasturi i onda se ponovo ujedini.
10:46
Those expert trackers have got to be part of the pack.
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Ovi stučnjaci u lovu moraju biti deo čopora.
10:48
They can't be 10 miles behind.
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Ne mogu zaostajati 16 kilometara.
10:50
You need to have the women and the adolescents there
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Neophodno je da u čoporu budu i žene i adolescenti
10:52
because the two times in your life you most benefit from animal protein
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jer postoje dva perioda u životu kada su životinjske belančevine neophodne
10:55
is when you are a nursing mother and a developing adolescent.
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za vaš organizam, kada dojite dete i kada ste u razvoju.
10:58
It makes no sense to have the antelope over there dead
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Ukoliko antilopa leži mrtva na nekom mestu, nema nikakvog smisla
11:00
and the people who want to eat it 50 miles away.
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da ljudi koji bi trebalo da je pojedu budu udaljeni 80 km od tog mesta.
11:02
They need to be part of the pack.
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Oni moraju biti deo čopora.
11:04
You need to have those 27-year-old studs at the peak of their powers
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Deo horde moraju biti i 27-ogodišnjaci u vrhu svoje snage
11:06
ready to drop the kill,
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koji su spremni da obore plen,
11:08
and you need to have those teenagers there
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i neophodno je da tu budu i tinejdžeri
11:10
who are learning the whole thing all involved.
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koji uče ceo taj prces odjednom.
11:12
The pack stays together.
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Čopor ostaje zajedno.
11:14
Another thing that has to be true about this pack: this pack cannot be really materialistic.
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Još jedna karaktersitika tog čopora: ne može da bude baš materijalno orijentisan.
11:17
You can't be hauling all your crap around, trying to chase the antelope.
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Ne možete da vučete nebitne stvari sa sobom dok pokušavate da uhvatite antilopu.
11:20
You can't be a pissed-off pack. You can't be bearing grudges,
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Ne možete biti neraspoloženi čopor. Ne možete biti puni primedbi.
11:23
like, "I'm not chasing that guy's antelope.
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Na primer: " Hej, ne mogu da jurim antilopu tog tipa.
11:25
He pissed me off. Let him go chase his own antelope."
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Ljut sam na njega. Neka ide sam da juri svoju antilopu."
11:27
The pack has got to be able to swallow its ego,
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Neophodno je da grupacija ljudi bude u stanju da zaboravi na svoj ego,
11:30
be cooperative and pull together.
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i da bude ko-operativna i sarađuje.
11:32
What you end up with, in other words,
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Kada to sve uzmete u obzir, drugim rečima, dođete do
11:35
is a culture remarkably similar
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kulture koja je neverovatno slična
11:37
to the Tarahumara --
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Tarahumarama--
11:39
a tribe that has remained unchanged
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a ovo pleme je ostalo nepromenjeno
11:41
since the Stone Age.
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od kamenog doba.
11:43
It's a really compelling argument
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Veoma je ubedljiv argument
11:45
that maybe the Tarahumara are doing
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da možda Tarahumare rade upravo ono
11:47
exactly what all of us had done for two million years,
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što smo svi mi radili u periodu od dva miliona godina.
11:50
that it's us in modern times who have sort of gone off the path.
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Ali mi smo ti koji su u ovom modernom dobu krenuli stranputicom.
11:53
You know, we look at running as this kind of alien, foreign thing,
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Znate, mi doživljavamo trčanje kao nepoznatu, stranu stvar,
11:56
this punishment you've got to do because you ate pizza the night before.
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kao kaznu koju treba da odradite jer ste jeli picu prethodne večeri.
11:59
But maybe it's something different.
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Ali možda je nešto drugo u pitanju.
12:01
Maybe we're the ones who have taken this natural advantage we had
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Možda smo baš mi ti koji su oduzeli sebi tu prirodnu nadarenost koju smo imali
12:04
and we spoiled it.
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i upropastili je.
12:06
How do we spoil it? Well how do we spoil anything?
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Kako smo je upropastili? Pa, kako upropastimo bilo šta?
12:09
We try to cash in on it.
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Mi pokušamo da zaradimo na tome.
12:11
We try to can it and package it and make it "better"
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Mi pokušamo da upakujemo nešto, da učinimo nešto boljim,
12:13
and sell it to people.
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i prodamo to ljudima.
12:15
And what happened was we started creating
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Desilo se da smo počeli da proizvodimo
12:17
these fancy cushioned things,
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te lepe, upakovane stvari,
12:19
which can make running "better," called running shoes.
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koje nam pomažu pri trčanju, a zovemo ih patikama za trčanje.
12:22
The reason I get personally pissed-off about running shoes
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Ja sam lično protivnik patika za trčanje jer
12:25
is because I bought a million of them and I kept getting hurt.
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sam kupio milion različitih i non-stop sam se povređivao.
12:28
And I think that, if anybody in here runs --
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A mislim da--ukoliko iko ovde trči--
12:30
and I just had a conversation with Carol;
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upravo sam razgovarao sa Kerol;
12:32
we talked for two minutes backstage, and she's talking about plantar fasciitis.
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pričali smo 2 minuta iza kulisa, i onda je ona počela da priča o oboljnju otoka stopala.
12:35
You talk to a runner, I guarantee, within 30 seconds,
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Ukoliko ragovarate sa čovekom koji trči, garantujem vam da ćete nakon 30 sekundi,
12:38
the conversation turns to injury.
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razgovarati o povredama.
12:40
So if humans evolved as runners, if that's our one natural advantage,
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Pa ukoliko je ljudska vrsta evoluirala kao trkačka vrsta, ako je to naša jedina prirodna prednost,
12:43
why are we so bad at it? Why do we keep getting hurt?
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zašto smo toliko loši u tome? Zašto se non-stop povređujemo?
12:46
Curious thing about running and running injuries
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Interesantna stvar vezana za trčanje i povrede pri trčanju
12:48
is that the running injury is new to our time.
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je da je to novina našeg vremena.
12:51
If you read folklore and mythology,
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Ukoliko čitate narodna predanja i mitologiju,
12:53
any kind of myths, any kind of tall tales,
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bilo koje vrste mitova, bilo koje bajke,
12:55
running is always associated
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trčanje je uvek povezano sa
12:57
with freedom and vitality and youthfulness and eternal vigor.
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slobodom, vitalnošću, mladošću i večnim elanom.
13:00
It's only in our lifetime
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Tek je u našem vremenu
13:02
that running has become associated with fear and pain.
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trčanje postalo povezano sa strahom i bolom.
13:04
Geronimo used to say
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Džeronimo je govorio
13:06
that, "My only friends are my legs. I only trust my legs."
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" Moji jedini prijatelji su moje noge. Ja jedino verujem svojim nogama."
13:09
That's because an Apache triathlon
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Usled toga što je trialton Apača
13:11
used to be you'd run 50 miles across the desert,
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podrazumevao da trčite 80 km kroz pustinju,
13:13
engage in hand-to-hand combat, steal a bunch of horses
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upustite se u borbu jedan na jedan, ukradete konje
13:15
and slap leather for home.
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i vratite se kući sa plenom.
13:17
Geronimo was never saying, "Ah, you know something,
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Džeronimo nikada nije rekao, "Ah, da ti kažem,
13:19
my achilles -- I'm tapering. I got to take this week off,"
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moja peta-- moram da odmorim ove nedelje."
13:22
or "I need to cross-train.
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ili, "Moram unakrsno da vežbam.
13:24
I didn't do yoga. I'm not ready."
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Nisam bio na jogi. Nisam spreman."
13:27
Humans ran and ran all the time.
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Ljudi trče i trče sve vreme.
13:29
We are here today. We have our digital technology.
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Mi smo ovde danas. Imamo našu digitalnu tehnologiju.
13:31
All of our science comes from the fact
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Sva naša nauka potiče iz proste činjenice
13:33
that our ancestors were able
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da su naši preci bili sposobni
13:35
to do something extraordinary every day,
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da urade nešto neverovatno svakog dana,
13:37
which was just rely on their naked feet and legs
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a to je da se oslanjaju na svoja bosa stopala i noge
13:39
to run long distances.
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i trče velike razdaljine.
13:41
So how do we get back to that again?
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Pa kako onda da se ponovo vratimo tome?
13:43
Well, I would submit to you the first thing is
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Pa, ja bih vam prvo predložio
13:45
get rid of all packaging, all the sales, all the marketing.
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da se otarasite svih pakovanja, prodaje i reklame.
13:48
Get rid of all the stinking running shoes.
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Otarasite se smrdljivih patika za trčanje.
13:50
Stop focusing on urban marathons,
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Prestanite da se fokusirate na gradske maratone,
13:52
which, if you do four hours, you suck.
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na kojima ste loši ukoliko ih istrčite za 4 sata.
13:55
If you do 3:59:59, you're awesome,
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Ali ako je vaše vreme 3.59.59 onda ste odlični
13:57
because you qualified for another race.
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jer ste se kvalifikovali za drugu trku.
13:59
We need to get back to that sense of playfulness and joyfulness
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Trebalo bi da se vratimo osećaju igranja i zabave
14:02
and, I would say, nakedness,
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i, ja bih rekao, golotinje
14:05
that has made the Tarahumara
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što je učinilo Tarahumare
14:07
one of the healthiest and serene cultures in our time.
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jednim od najzdravijih i najspokojnijih kultura današnjice.
14:10
So what's the benefit? So what?
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Pa u čemu je tu dobrobit? U čemu je stvar?
14:12
So you burn off the Haagen-Dazs from the night before?
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Kako biste sagoreli sladoled "Hagen-Das" koji koji ste pojeli prethodne noći?
14:15
But maybe there's another benefit there as well.
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Možda postoje tu takođe i druge povlastice.
14:18
Without getting a little too extreme about this,
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Da ne bih postao previše ekstreman u ovoj priči,
14:21
imagine a world
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zamislite svet
14:23
where everybody could go out their door
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gde bi svi ljudi mogli da išetaju napolje
14:25
and engage in the kind of exercise
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i krenu da se bave vežbanjem
14:27
that's going to make them more relaxed, more serene,
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koje će ih učiniti opuštenijim, spokojnijim,
14:30
more healthy,
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zdravijim,
14:32
burn off stress --
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koje bi se otarasio stresa--
14:34
where you don't come back into your office a raging maniac anymore,
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kada se ne biste više vraćali u svoju kancelariju kao razuzdani manijak,
14:36
where you don't go back home with a lot of stress on top of you again.
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kada se ne biste više vraćali kući sa tim stresom na svojim leđima.
14:38
Maybe there's something between what we are today
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Možda postoji nešto između onoga što smo mi danas
14:41
and what the Tarahumara have always been.
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i onoga što su Tarahumare uvek bili.
14:44
I don't say let's go back to the Copper Canyons
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Ne kažem vam sada hajde da se vratimo u Bakarni kanjon
14:46
and live on corn and maize, which is the Tarahumara's preferred diet,
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i hajde da živimo na običnom i indijskom kukuruzu, a to je omiljena ishrana Tarahumara,
14:49
but maybe there's somewhere in between.
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ali možda postoji nešto između.
14:51
And if we find that thing,
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I ukoliko pronađemo šta je to,
14:53
maybe there is a big fat Nobel Prize out there.
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to je možda i vredno Nobelove nagrade.
14:56
Because if somebody could find a way
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Jer ukoliko neko može da pronađe način
14:59
to restore that natural ability
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da povrati našu prirodnu sposobnost
15:01
that we all enjoyed for most of our existence,
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u kojoj smo mi svi uživali od našeg postanka,
15:03
up until the 1970s or so,
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u kojoj smo svi uživali do 70-tih ili tako nešto,
15:05
the benefits, social and physical
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društvene i fizičke dobrobiti,
15:07
and political and mental,
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kao i političke i mentalne,
15:10
could be astounding.
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bi mogle biti neverovatne.
15:12
So what I've been seeing today is there is a growing subculture
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Ono što uočavam danas je pod-kultura koja uzima maha-
15:15
of barefoot runners, people who got rid of their shoes.
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bosonogog trčanja, ljudi koji su se otarasili svojih patika.
15:18
And what they have found uniformly is
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I ono što su oni otkrili bez izuzetka je da
15:20
you get rid of the shoes, you get rid of the stress,
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ukoliko se otarasite patika, otarasite se i stresa,
15:23
you get rid of the injuries and the ailments.
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otarasite se povreda i bolesti.
15:25
And what you find is something
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I otkrijete nešto što
15:27
the Tarahumara have known for a very long time,
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Tarahumare znaju već jako dugo vremena,
15:29
that this can be a whole lot of fun.
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da je to i jako zabavno.
15:31
I've experienced it personally myself.
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Ja sam to i lično doživeo.
15:33
I was injured all my life, and then in my early 40s I got rid of my shoes
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Ja sam podlezao povredama celog svog života, i onda sam se u svojim ranim 40-tim
15:36
and my running ailments have gone away too.
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otarasio patika i svih ostalih pomagala za trčanje.
15:38
So hopefully it's something we can all benefit from.
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Nadajmo se da je to nešto od čega svi možemo imati koristi.
15:40
And I appreciate you guys listening to this story. Thanks very much.
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Poštujem što ste saslušali moju priču. Hvala vam puno.
15:43
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Christopher McDougall - Journalist, runnerChristopher McDougall is the author of "Born to Run: A Hidden Tribe, Super Athletes, and the Greatest Race the World Has Never Seen."
Why you should listen
Longtime reporter Christopher McDougall is also a longtime runner -- and he brings his reporter's passion and eye for detail to the mysteries of running in his latest book. "Born to Run" examines humanity's inborn need to run and sweat, and it's filled with passion, odd facts, oddly pertinent digressions and deeply engaging journeys to running subcults (and cults-of-one). The book has inspired at least one fan site.
McDougall writes for Outside, Men's Health, New York and other magazines. His other, equally intriguing book, is Girl Trouble: The True Saga of Superstar Gloria Trevi and the Secret Teenage Sex Cult That Stunned the World.
Christopher McDougall | Speaker | TED.com