TED2013
Rose George: Let's talk crap. Seriously.
Rouz Džordž (Rose George): Razgovarajmo o sranju. Najozbiljnije.
Filmed:
Readability: 3.7
1,753,944 views
Godina je 2013., a ipak 2,5 milijarde ljudi u svetu nema pristup najosnovnijim toaletima. Kada nema toaleta, gde se olakšavamo? Na ulici, verovatno blizu vode ili nekog izvora hrane - uzrokujući time tihu smrt i bolesti izazvane zagađivanjem. Spremite se za iskren, duhovit, moćan razgovor sa novinarkom Rouz Džordž o nekad neizrecivoj tematici.
Rose George - Curious journalist
Rose George looks deeply into topics that are unseen but fundamental, whether that's sewers or latrines or massive container ships or pirate hostages or menstrual hygiene. Full bio
Rose George looks deeply into topics that are unseen but fundamental, whether that's sewers or latrines or massive container ships or pirate hostages or menstrual hygiene. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Let's talk dirty.
0
532
4112
Pričajmo prljavo.
00:16
A few years ago, oddly enough,
1
4644
2736
Pre nekoliko godina, nekim čudom,
00:19
I needed the bathroom,
2
7380
2734
trebalo mi je da odem u toalet,
00:22
and I found one, a public bathroom,
3
10114
3350
našla sam javni toalet,
00:25
and I went into the stall,
4
13464
2364
ušla u kabinu
00:27
and I prepared to do what I'd done most of my life:
5
15828
3297
i bila spremna da uradim
ono što radim celog svog života:
ono što radim celog svog života:
00:31
use the toilet, flush the toilet, forget about the toilet.
6
19125
4542
iskoristim toalet, povučem vodu,
zaboravim na toalet.
zaboravim na toalet.
00:35
And for some reason that day, instead,
7
23667
2081
Iz nekog razloga toga dana,
00:37
I asked myself a question,
8
25748
2184
zapitala sam se:
00:39
and it was, where does this stuff go?
9
27932
3876
gde sve to odlazi?
00:43
And with that question, I found myself plunged
10
31808
3892
Utonula sam u to pitanje,
00:47
into the world of sanitation --
11
35700
4024
u svet sanitacije -
00:51
there's more coming -- (Laughter) —
12
39724
1565
čekajte, ima još
- (Smeh) -
- (Smeh) -
00:53
sanitation, toilets and poop,
13
41289
4569
svet sanitacije, toaleta i kake,
00:57
and I have yet to emerge.
14
45858
3073
a još uvek nisam isplivala.
01:00
And that's because it's such an enraging,
15
48931
2305
Sve to zato što je to mesto neprijatno,
01:03
yet engaging place to be.
16
51236
3216
a opet vas privlači.
01:06
To go back to that toilet,
17
54452
3256
Da se vratim na toalet,
01:09
it wasn't a particularly fancy toilet,
18
57708
2794
ovaj nije bio preterano sređen,
01:12
it wasn't as nice as this one
19
60502
1435
nije bio lep kao ovaj
01:13
from the World Toilet Organization.
20
61937
2931
koji pripada Svetskoj organizaciji toaleta.
01:16
That's the other WTO. (Laughter)
21
64868
4267
Ovo je druga SOT
(Svetska organizacija trgovine). (Smeh)
(Svetska organizacija trgovine). (Smeh)
01:21
But it had a lockable door, it had privacy, it had water,
22
69135
3614
Ali toalet je imao vrata sa zaključavanjem,
privatnost, vodu,
privatnost, vodu,
01:24
it had soap so I could wash my hands,
23
72749
2264
sapun kako bih oprala ruke,
01:27
and I did because I'm a woman, and we do that.
24
75013
3064
što sam i učinila jer sam žena,
a mi to radimo.
a mi to radimo.
01:30
(Laughter) (Applause)
25
78077
5608
(Smeh)
(Aplauz)
(Aplauz)
01:35
But that day, when I asked that question,
26
83685
2411
Tog dana, kada sam sebi postavila to pitanje,
01:38
I learned something, and that was that I'd grown up thinking
27
86096
2733
shvatila sam nešto,
a to je da sam odrasla misleći
a to je da sam odrasla misleći
01:40
that a toilet like that was my right,
28
88829
2215
da je takav toalet moje pravo,
01:43
when in fact it's a privilege.
29
91044
3178
kada je to, u stvari, privilegija.
01:46
2.5 billion people worldwide have no adequate toilet.
30
94222
5259
2,5 milijarde ljudi širom sveta
nema adekvatan toalet.
nema adekvatan toalet.
01:51
They don't have a bucket or a box.
31
99481
3940
Nemaju ni kofu, niti kakvu kutiju.
01:55
Forty percent of the world with no adequate toilet.
32
103421
4208
40% ljudi na svetu nema adekvatan toalet.
01:59
And they have to do what this little boy is doing
33
107629
2497
Oni moraju da rade ono što ovaj dečak radi
02:02
by the side of the Mumbai Airport expressway,
34
110126
2935
pored autoputa kraj aerodroma u Mumbaju,
02:05
which is called open defecation,
35
113061
2648
što se naziva javna defekacija,
02:07
or poo-pooing in the open.
36
115709
3355
odnosno, kakiti na otvorenom.
02:11
And he does that every day,
37
119064
2234
On to radi svakog dana,
02:13
and every day, probably, that guy in the picture
38
121298
2499
i svakog dana, verovatno, momak sa slike
02:15
walks on by,
39
123797
1854
naiđe pored,
02:17
because he sees that little boy, but he doesn't see him.
40
125651
3458
zato što vidi dečaka, ali ne vidi ga.
02:21
But he should, because the problem
41
129109
2120
Trebalo bi, zato što problem
02:23
with all that poop lying around
42
131229
2360
sa svom tom kakom koja leži unaokolo
02:25
is that poop carries passengers.
43
133589
3008
jeste da ona prenosi bacile.
02:28
Fifty communicable diseases like to travel in human shit.
44
136597
4299
50 zaraznih bolesti nalazi se
u ljudskim fekalijama.
u ljudskim fekalijama.
02:32
All those things, the eggs, the cysts,
45
140896
2421
Sve to, jaja, ciste,
02:35
the bacteria, the viruses, all those can travel
46
143317
2776
bakterije, virusi, sve to može da se transportuje
02:38
in one gram of human feces.
47
146093
3408
preko jednog grama ljuskih fekalija.
02:41
How? Well, that little boy will not have washed his hands.
48
149501
3712
Kako? Pa, taj dečak neće kasnije oprati ruke.
02:45
He's barefoot. He'll run back into his house,
49
153213
2496
On je bos. Utrčaće nazad u svoju kuću,
02:47
and he will contaminate his drinking water and his food
50
155709
3655
zagadiće onda vodu za piće i svoju hranu
02:51
and his environment
51
159364
1404
i svoje okruženje
02:52
with whatever diseases he may be carrying
52
160768
2397
bilo kojom bolesti koju možda nosi
02:55
by fecal particles that are on his fingers and feet.
53
163165
5749
u delovima fekalija koji su
na njegovim prstima i stopalima.
na njegovim prstima i stopalima.
03:00
In what I call the flushed-and-plumbed world
54
168914
2272
U svetu koji nazivam ispranim i sanitarnim,
03:03
that most of us in this room are lucky to live in,
55
171186
2627
u svetu u kojem većina nas ima sreće da živi,
03:05
the most common symptoms associated with those diseases,
56
173813
3049
najčešći simptomi povezani sa takvim bolestima,
03:08
diarrhea, is now a bit of a joke.
57
176862
2826
simptomi dijareje, sada su pomalo smešni.
03:11
It's the runs, the Hershey squirts, the squits.
58
179688
3691
To je proliv, tečnost, ''Heršijev mlaz''.
03:15
Where I come from, we call it Delhi belly,
59
183379
1850
U mom mestu to nazivamo ''stomak Nju Delhi''
03:17
as a legacy of empire.
60
185229
2608
što je zaostavština britanske imperije.
03:19
But if you search for a stock photo of diarrhea
61
187837
3740
Ako potražite sliku dijareje
03:23
in a leading photo image agency,
62
191577
2791
u vodećoj fotografskoj agenciji,
03:26
this is the picture that you come up with.
63
194368
2020
ovo je slika koju biste našli.
03:28
(Laughter)
64
196388
1865
(Smeh)
03:30
Still not sure about the bikini.
65
198253
5179
Nisam baš sigurna oko bikinija.
03:35
And here's another image of diarrhea.
66
203432
2496
Evo još jednog prikaza dijareje.
03:37
This is Marie Saylee, nine months old.
67
205928
3112
Ovo je Mari Sejli, stara 9 meseci.
03:41
You can't see her, because she's buried
68
209040
1799
Ne vidite je, zato što je sahranjena
03:42
under that green grass in a little village in Liberia,
69
210839
3283
ispod ove zelene trave u seocetu u Liberiji,
03:46
because she died in three days from diarrhea --
70
214122
3562
umrla je u roku od tri dana zbog dijareje -
03:49
the Hershey squirts, the runs, a joke.
71
217684
3629
proliva, šale.
03:53
And that's her dad.
72
221313
2479
Ovo je njen otac.
03:55
But she wasn't alone that day,
73
223792
1562
Tog dana ona nije bila sama,
03:57
because 4,000 other children died of diarrhea,
74
225354
3800
zato što je 4 000 druge dece
umrlo od dijareje,
umrlo od dijareje,
04:01
and they do every day.
75
229154
2670
to se dešava svakog dana.
04:03
Diarrhea is the second biggest killer of children worldwide,
76
231824
4999
Dijareja je drugi najveći ubica dece
širom sveta,
širom sveta,
04:08
and you've probably been asked to care about things
77
236823
2672
a vi verovatno najviše strahujete od bolesti
04:11
like HIV/AIDS or T.B. or measles,
78
239495
3161
kao što su HIV/AIDS ili tuberkuloza ili boginje,
04:14
but diarrhea kills more children
79
242656
1344
ali dijareja ubija više dece
04:16
than all those three things put together.
80
244000
3712
nego sve tri bolesti zajedno.
04:19
It's a very potent weapon of mass destruction.
81
247712
4342
Dijareja je vrlo moćno oružje
masovnog uništenja.
masovnog uništenja.
04:24
And the cost to the world is immense:
82
252054
3148
Cena koju svet plaća je neizmerna:
04:27
260 billion dollars lost every year
83
255202
2489
260 milijardi dolara izgubljeno je svake godine
04:29
on the losses to poor sanitation.
84
257691
2993
zbog gubitaka izazvanih lošom sanitacijom.
04:32
These are cholera beds in Haiti.
85
260684
1681
Ovo su kreveti obolelih od kolere na Haitiju.
04:34
You'll have heard of cholera, but we don't hear about diarrhea.
86
262365
3499
Svi ste čuli o koleri, ali ništa ne čujemo o dijareji.
04:37
It gets a fraction of the attention and funding
87
265864
2184
Dobija delić pažnje i sredstava
04:40
given to any of those other diseases.
88
268048
3716
koji se namenjuju za sve ostale bolesti.
04:43
But we know how to fix this.
89
271764
2412
Mi znamo kako da se to reši.
04:46
We know, because in the mid-19th century,
90
274176
3520
Znamo, zato što sredinom 19. veka,
04:49
wonderful Victorian engineers
91
277696
2389
divni viktorijanski inženjeri
04:52
installed systems of sewers and wastewater treatment
92
280085
2803
ugradili su sisteme kanalizacija
i odlaganja prljave vode
i odlaganja prljave vode
04:54
and the flush toilet, and disease dropped dramatically.
93
282888
4711
toalete u kojima se povlači voda
i bolest je drastično opala.
i bolest je drastično opala.
04:59
Child mortality dropped by the most
94
287599
1909
Smrtnost dece opala je više
05:01
it had ever dropped in history.
95
289508
2190
nego što je ikad opala u istoriji.
05:03
The flush toilet was voted the best medical advance
96
291698
2946
WC kotlić je izglasan
za najbolju medicinsku olakšicu
za najbolju medicinsku olakšicu
05:06
of the last 200 years by the readers of the British Medical Journal,
97
294644
3180
u poslednjih 200 godina od strane čitalaca
Britanskog medicinskog žurnala,
Britanskog medicinskog žurnala,
05:09
and they were choosing over the Pill, anesthesia,
98
297824
2843
a među ponuđenima bile su
kontraceptivna pilula, anestezija
kontraceptivna pilula, anestezija
05:12
and surgery.
99
300667
1408
i operacija.
05:14
It's a wonderful waste disposal device.
100
302075
2721
To je divna naprava za odlaganje otpada.
05:16
But I think that it's so good — it doesn't smell,
101
304796
3618
Ja mislim da je odlična - ne smrdi,
05:20
we can put it in our house, we can lock it behind a door —
102
308414
2779
možemo je imati i u svojoj kući,
zaključati iza vrata -
zaključati iza vrata -
05:23
and I think we've locked it out of conversation too.
103
311193
3004
a mislim da smo je izbacili i iz razgovora.
05:26
We don't have a neutral word for it.
104
314197
1655
Nemamo neutralnu reč za to.
05:27
Poop's not particularly adequate.
105
315852
1943
''Kaka'' nije baš adekvatna reč.
05:29
Shit offends people. Feces is too medical.
106
317795
4125
''Sranje'' vređa ljude.
''Fekalije'' je suviše medicinski.
''Fekalije'' je suviše medicinski.
05:33
Because I can't explain otherwise,
107
321920
2192
Ne mogu drugačije da objasnim šta se dešava,
05:36
when I look at the figures, what's going on.
108
324112
3568
kada pogledam brojke.
05:39
We know how to solve diarrhea and sanitation,
109
327680
2574
Znamo kako da rešimo dijareju i sanitarije,
05:42
but if you look at the budgets of countries,
110
330254
2330
ali kada pogledamo budžete zemalja,
05:44
developing and developed,
111
332584
2321
onih u razvoju i onih razvijenih,
05:46
you'll think there's something wrong with the math,
112
334905
2551
videćemo da nešto ne valja u proračunu,
05:49
because you'll expect absurdities like
113
337456
2826
videćemo apsurde kao taj da
05:52
Pakistan spending 47 times more on its military
114
340282
2882
Pakistan potroši 47 puta više na vojsku
05:55
than it does on water and sanitation,
115
343164
2281
nego što čini za vodu i sanitarije,
05:57
even though 150,000 children die of diarrhea
116
345445
2808
iako 150 000 dece umre od dijareje
06:00
in Pakistan every year.
117
348253
2099
u Pakistanu svake godine.
06:02
But then you look at that already minuscule
118
350352
1960
A onda pogledate na taj već minimalni
06:04
water and sanitation budget,
119
352312
1894
budžet za vodu i sanitaciju
06:06
and 75 to 90 percent of it will go on clean water supply,
120
354206
3484
i 75-90% otići će na snabdevanje čistom vodom
06:09
which is great; we all need water.
121
357690
1953
što je sjajno; svima nam je potrebna voda.
06:11
No one's going to refuse clean water.
122
359643
2307
Niko neće odbiti čistu vodu.
06:13
But the humble latrine, or flush toilet,
123
361950
2951
Ali skromni nužnik ili toalet sa kotlićem,
06:16
reduces disease by twice as much
124
364901
2109
smanjuje bolest duplo
06:19
as just putting in clean water.
125
367010
2424
u odnosu na čistu vodu.
06:21
Think about it. That little boy
126
369434
1311
Razmislite o tome. Taj dečak
06:22
who's running back into his house,
127
370745
1855
koji utrčava u svoju kuću,
06:24
he may have a nice, clean fresh water supply,
128
372600
2110
on možda ima svežu,
čistu zalihu vode,
čistu zalihu vode,
06:26
but he's got dirty hands that he's going to contaminate his water supply with.
129
374710
4460
ali svojim prljavim rukama
zagadiće zalihe čiste vode.
zagadiće zalihe čiste vode.
06:31
And I think that the real waste of human waste
130
379170
3504
Mislim da je ogromna šteta što vodu
06:34
is that we are wasting it as a resource
131
382674
2768
trošimo kao resurs
06:37
and as an incredible trigger for development,
132
385442
3760
i kao veliki pokretač za razvoj,
06:41
because these are a few things that toilets
133
389202
2150
zato što ima nekoliko stvari koje toaleti
06:43
and poop itself can do for us.
134
391352
2930
i sama kaka mogu da učine za nas.
06:46
So a toilet can put a girl back in school.
135
394282
3176
Toaleti će vratiti devojčicu u školu.
06:49
Twenty-five percent of girls in India drop out of school
136
397458
2832
25% devojčica u Indiji napustilo je školu
06:52
because they have no adequate sanitation.
137
400290
3518
zato što nema adekvatne sanitacije.
06:55
They've been used to sitting through lessons
138
403808
1765
Navikle su da sede tokom lekcija
06:57
for years and years holding it in.
139
405573
2917
suzdržavajući se godinama i godinama.
07:00
We've all done that, but they do it every day,
140
408490
2760
Svi smo to radili, ali one to čine svakog dana,
07:03
and when they hit puberty and they start menstruating,
141
411250
2556
a kada dostignu pubertet
i počnu da menstruiraju,
i počnu da menstruiraju,
07:05
it just gets too much.
142
413806
2343
to postaje previše.
07:08
And I understand that. Who can blame them?
143
416149
3541
Ja to razumem. Ko ih može kriviti?
07:11
So if you met an educationalist and said,
144
419690
1926
Ako ste upoznali nastavnika i rekli:
07:13
"I can improve education attendance rates by 25 percent
145
421616
2874
''Mogu da popravim
prisustvo nastavi za 25%
prisustvo nastavi za 25%
07:16
with just one simple thing,"
146
424490
2198
jednom prostom stvari'',
07:18
you'd make a lot of friends in education.
147
426688
2813
stekli biste mnogo prijatelja
u oblasti obrazovanja.
u oblasti obrazovanja.
07:21
That's not the only thing it can do for you.
148
429501
2535
Ima još korisnih stvari.
07:24
Poop can cook your dinner.
149
432036
3060
Kaka vam može spremiti večeru.
07:27
It's got nutrients in it.
150
435096
1694
Ima hranljivih sastojaka u sebi.
07:28
We ingest nutrients. We excrete nutrients as well.
151
436790
2461
Mi konzumiramo hranljive sastojke.
Izlučujemo ih takođe.
Izlučujemo ih takođe.
07:31
We don't keep them all.
152
439251
1852
Ne zadržavamo ih sve.
07:33
In Rwanda, they are now getting
153
441103
2627
U Ruandi, trenutno se 75%
07:35
75 percent of their cooking fuel in their prison system
154
443730
2844
goriva za kuvanje u zatvorima
07:38
from the contents of prisoners' bowels.
155
446574
3362
dobija iz creva zatvorenika.
07:41
So these are a bunch of inmates in a prison in Butare.
156
449936
3786
Ovo je gomila zatvorenika u Butari.
07:45
They're genocidal inmates, most of them,
157
453722
2152
Oni su zločinci, genocidni, većina njih,
07:47
and they're stirring the contents of their own latrines,
158
455874
3648
oni mešaju sadržinu svojih sopstvenih nužnika,
07:51
because if you put poop in a sealed environment, in a tank,
159
459522
3311
zato što ako stavite kaku
u zatvoren prostor, kao što je rezervoar,
u zatvoren prostor, kao što je rezervoar,
07:54
pretty much like a stomach,
160
462833
1756
slično kao stomak,
07:56
then, pretty much like a stomach, it gives off gas,
161
464589
2813
onda će ispuštati gasove,
slično kao stomak,
slično kao stomak,
07:59
and you can cook with it.
162
467402
2025
a s tim se može kuvati.
08:01
And you might think it's just good karma
163
469427
2143
Možda vam se čini da je to dobra karma
08:03
to see these guys stirring shit,
164
471570
2472
da vidite ove momke kako mešaju sranje,
08:06
but it's also good economic sense,
165
474042
2300
ali to je odlično s ekonomske strane gledišta,
08:08
because they're saving a million dollars a year.
166
476342
2066
tako se sačuvaju milioni dolara godišnje.
08:10
They're cutting down on deforestation,
167
478408
2006
Oni smanjuju seču drveća,
08:12
and they've found a fuel supply that is inexhaustible,
168
480414
2903
našli su neiscrpni izvor goriva,
08:15
infinite and free at the point of production.
169
483317
4742
neograničen i jeftin na nivou proizvodnje.
08:20
It's not just in the poor world that poop can save lives.
170
488059
3348
Kaka može spasiti živote,
ne samo u siromašnim zemljama.
ne samo u siromašnim zemljama.
08:23
Here's a woman who's about to get a dose
171
491407
2152
Evo žene koja treba da dobije dozu
08:25
of the brown stuff in those syringes,
172
493559
1753
braon sastojaka u špricevima
08:27
which is what you think it is,
173
495312
1936
što je upravo ono što vam se čini,
08:29
except not quite, because it's actually donated.
174
497248
3044
doduše ne u potpunosti zato što je donirano.
08:32
There is now a new career path called stool donor.
175
500292
2882
Sada postoji nova karijera - donator stolice.
08:35
It's like the new sperm donor.
176
503174
1820
To je kao novi donator sperme.
08:36
Because she has been suffering from a superbug called C. diff,
177
504994
2993
Ona boluje od jake bakterije zvane C diff,
08:39
and it's resistant to antibiotics in many cases.
178
507987
3444
koja je u najvećem broju slučajeva
otporna na antibiotike.
otporna na antibiotike.
08:43
She's been suffering for years.
179
511431
1512
Ona boluje od toga godinama.
08:44
She gets a dose of healthy human feces,
180
512943
3092
Dobija dozu zdravih ljudskih fekalija,
08:48
and the cure rate for this procedure is 94 percent.
181
516035
4481
a stepen ozdravljenja uz ovu proceduru je 94%.
08:52
It's astonishing, but hardly anyone is still doing it.
182
520516
4398
Zadivljujuće je, ali teško da mnogi to rade.
08:56
Maybe it's the ick factor.
183
524914
2022
Možda zato što su ljudi gadljivi.
08:58
That's okay, because there's a team of research scientists
184
526936
2870
To je u redu, postoji tim istraživača naučnika
09:01
in Canada who have now created a stool sample,
185
529806
2977
u Kanadi koji su sada stvorili uzorak stolice,
09:04
a fake stool sample which is called RePOOPulate.
186
532783
2784
veštački uzorak stolice nazvan "RePOOPulate".
09:07
So you'd be thinking by now, okay, the solution's simple,
187
535567
2288
Sad vi mislite: ''U redu, eto jednostavnog rešenja,
09:09
we give everyone a toilet.
188
537855
1885
svima obezbedimo toalet.''
09:11
And this is where it gets really interesting,
189
539740
2153
Ovde postaje zaista interesantno,
09:13
because it's not that simple, because we are not simple.
190
541893
2925
zato što nije tako jednostavno,
jer ni mi nismo jednostavni.
jer ni mi nismo jednostavni.
09:16
So the really interesting, exciting work --
191
544818
4093
Onaj zaista interesantan, uzbudljiv posao -
09:20
this is the engaging bit -- in sanitation is that
192
548911
2936
koji je dosta zahtevan u sanitaciji jeste
09:23
we need to understand human psychology.
193
551847
2328
da moramo da razumemo ljudsku psihologiju.
09:26
We need to understand software
194
554175
2376
Treba da shvatimo softver
09:28
as well as just giving someone hardware.
195
556551
2352
ujedno kada nekom pružamo hardver.
09:30
They've found in many developing countries that
196
558903
1782
U mnogim razvijenim zemljama ispostavilo se
09:32
governments have gone in and given out free latrines
197
560685
2722
da su vlade donirale i podelile besplatne nužnike
09:35
and gone back a few years later and found that they've
198
563407
2156
i nakon nekoliko godina
uvidele da su od toga nastale
uvidele da su od toga nastale
09:37
got lots of new goat sheds or temples or spare rooms
199
565563
4123
šupe za koze, hramovi, rezervne sobe
09:41
with their owners happily walking past them
200
569686
2367
čiji vlasnici zadovoljno
pored toga prolaze i odlaze
pored toga prolaze i odlaze
09:44
and going over to the open defecating ground.
201
572053
3810
da na zemljištu vrše otvorenu defekaciju.
09:47
So the idea is to manipulate human emotion.
202
575863
3024
Ideja je da se manipuliše ljudskim emocijama.
09:50
It's been done for decades. The soap companies did it
203
578887
2501
To se radi decenijama.
Kompanije za sapun to čine
Kompanije za sapun to čine
09:53
in the early 20th century.
204
581388
1939
od početka 20. veka.
09:55
They tried selling soap as healthy. No one bought it.
205
583327
2759
Počeli su da predstavljaju sapun kao zdravi proizvod.
Niko ga nije kupovao.
Niko ga nije kupovao.
09:58
They tried selling it as sexy. Everyone bought it.
206
586086
4167
Počeli su da ga prodaju kao seksi proizvod.
Svi su počeli da kupuju.
Svi su počeli da kupuju.
10:02
In India now there's a campaign
207
590253
1355
U Indiji je sada kampanja
10:03
which persuades young brides
208
591608
2546
koja ubeđuje mlade neveste
10:06
not to marry into families that don't have a toilet.
209
594154
3098
da se ne udaju u porodice
koje nemaju toalet.
koje nemaju toalet.
10:09
It's called "No Loo, No I Do."
210
597252
2668
Zove se ''Nema toaleta, nema udaje'.
10:11
(Laughter)
211
599920
2347
(Smeh)
10:14
And in case you think that poster's just propaganda,
212
602267
1975
I u slučaju da mislite
da je to samo propaganda,
da je to samo propaganda,
10:16
here's Priyanka, 23 years old.
213
604242
2100
evo 23-godišnje Prijanke,
10:18
I met her last October in India,
214
606342
2121
upoznala sam je prošlog oktobra u Indiji,
10:20
and she grew up in a conservative environment.
215
608463
3057
odrasla je u konzervativnom okruženju.
10:23
She grew up in a rural village in a poor area of India,
216
611520
3096
Živela je u selu u siromašnoj oblasti u Indiji,
10:26
and she was engaged at 14, and then at 21 or so,
217
614616
4166
verila se sa 14 godina i onda sa 21 godinom
10:30
she moved into her in-law's house.
218
618782
1771
preselila se u domaćinstvo svog muža.
10:32
And she was horrified to get there and find
219
620553
2035
Bila je užasnuta onim što je tamo zatekla
10:34
that they didn't have a toilet.
220
622588
1292
i time što nisu imali toalet.
10:35
She'd grown up with a latrine.
221
623880
1367
Odrasla je sa nužnikom.
10:37
It was no big deal, but it was a latrine.
222
625247
1954
Nije velika stvar, ali je ipak nužnik.
10:39
And the first night she was there, she was told
223
627201
2023
Prve noći koju je tu provela, rekli su joj
10:41
that at 4 o'clock in the morning --
224
629224
1207
oko 4 ujutru
10:42
her mother-in-law got her up, told her to go outside
225
630431
2839
njena svekrva ju je probudila,
rekla joj da ode napolje
rekla joj da ode napolje
10:45
and go and do it in the dark in the open.
226
633270
2820
i da izvrši nuždu u mraku na otvorenom.
10:48
And she was scared. She was scared of drunks hanging around.
227
636090
2070
Bila je uplašena. Bojala se
pijanica koje su se motale unaokolo.
pijanica koje su se motale unaokolo.
10:50
She was scared of snakes. She was scared of rape.
228
638160
2874
Bojala se zmija. Bojala se silovanja.
10:53
After three days, she did an unthinkable thing.
229
641034
2482
Nakon tri dana uradila je nešto nezamislivo.
10:55
She left.
230
643516
1740
Otišla je.
10:57
And if you know anything about rural India,
231
645256
1585
Ako išta znate o ruralnoj Indiji,
10:58
you'll know that's an unspeakably courageous thing to do.
232
646841
3478
znate da je to neopisivo hrabra stvar.
11:02
But not just that.
233
650319
1057
Ali ne samo to.
11:03
She got her toilet, and now she goes around
234
651376
2412
Nabavila je toalet i sada ide
11:05
all the other villages in India
235
653788
1598
po ostalim selima u Indiji
11:07
persuading other women to do the same thing.
236
655386
1753
ubeđujući žene da učine isto.
11:09
It's what I call social contagion, and it's really powerful
237
657139
3461
To ja zovem socijalnom zarazom
i veoma je moćna
i veoma je moćna
11:12
and really exciting.
238
660600
2175
i vrlo uzbudljiva.
11:14
Another version of this, another village in India
239
662775
2089
Druga slična priča, drugo selo u Indiji
11:16
near where Priyanka lives
240
664864
1997
blizu onog gde živi Prijanka
11:18
is this village, called Lakara, and about a year ago,
241
666861
3875
jeste ovo selo, Lakara,
pre oko godinu dana,
pre oko godinu dana,
11:22
it had no toilets whatsoever.
242
670736
1451
nije imalo toaleta uopšte.
11:24
Kids were dying of diarrhea and cholera.
243
672187
2294
Deca su umirala od dijareje i kolere.
11:26
Some visitors came, using various behavioral change tricks
244
674481
4342
Neki posetioci su dolazili, koristili
razne trikove za promenu navika
razne trikove za promenu navika
11:30
like putting out a plate of food and a plate of shit
245
678823
2794
kao što je stavljanje tanjira hrane
i tanjira fekalija
i tanjira fekalija
11:33
and watching the flies go one to the other.
246
681617
2217
i posmatranje muva koje lete
od jednog tanjira ka drugom.
od jednog tanjira ka drugom.
11:35
Somehow, people who'd been thinking
247
683834
2567
Nekako, ljudi koji su mislili
11:38
that what they were doing was not disgusting at all
248
686401
1529
da ono što čine nije odvratno uopšte
11:39
suddenly thought, "Oops."
249
687930
1872
iznenada su pomislili: ''Ups''.
11:41
Not only that, but they were ingesting their neighbors' shit.
250
689802
2327
Ne samo to, oni su tako jeli
i fekalije svojih komšija.
i fekalije svojih komšija.
11:44
That's what really made them change their behavior.
251
692129
3128
To je ono što ih je ubedilo
da je potrebna promena navika.
da je potrebna promena navika.
11:47
So this woman, this boy's mother
252
695257
2536
Ova žena, majka ovog dečaka
11:49
installed this latrine in a few hours.
253
697793
2485
instalirala je nužnik u roku od nekoliko sati.
11:52
Her entire life, she'd been using the banana field behind,
254
700278
2383
Celog svog života ona je bila naviknuta
da koristi polje banana u pozadini
da koristi polje banana u pozadini
11:54
but she installed the latrine in a few hours.
255
702661
1568
ali je ugradila nužnik za nekoliko sati.
11:56
It cost nothing. It's going to save that boy's life.
256
704229
3673
Ništa ne košta. Spasiće život ovome dečaku.
11:59
So when I get despondent about the state of sanitation,
257
707902
3191
Kada postanem utučena
zbog stanja sanitacije,
zbog stanja sanitacije,
12:03
even though these are pretty exciting times
258
711093
2196
iako je to često uzbudljiva tema
12:05
because we've got the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
259
713289
2578
jer sada imamo Bil i Melinda Gejts fondaciju
12:07
reinventing the toilet, which is great,
260
715867
2062
koja unapređuje toalete, što je sjajno,
12:09
we've got Matt Damon going on bathroom strike,
261
717929
2554
imamo Met Dejmona koji štrajkuje
i ne ide u toalet,
i ne ide u toalet,
12:12
which is great for humanity, very bad for his colon.
262
720483
3735
što je divno za čovečanstvo,
loše za njegovu probavu.
loše za njegovu probavu.
12:16
But there are things to worry about.
263
724218
1714
Ipak, ima mnogo stvari oko kojih treba brinuti.
12:17
It's the most off-track Millennium Development Goal.
264
725932
2758
Ovo je jedan od najzanemarenijih
Milenijumskih razvojnih ciljeva.
Milenijumskih razvojnih ciljeva.
12:20
It's about 50 or so years off track.
265
728690
2346
Kasni skoro 50 i više godina.
12:23
We're not going to meet targets,
266
731036
1336
Ovim tempom nećemo ostvariti cilj -
12:24
providing people with sanitation at this rate.
267
732372
3285
obezbeđivanje sanitacije ljudima.
12:27
So when I get sad about sanitation,
268
735657
3481
Kada se rastužim zbog sanitacije,
12:31
I think of Japan, because Japan 70 years ago
269
739138
3319
pomislim na Japan, zato što je Japan
pre 70 godina
pre 70 godina
12:34
was a nation of people who used pit latrines
270
742457
2589
bio nacija koja je koristila septičke jame
12:37
and wiped with sticks,
271
745046
2132
i brisala se štapovima,
12:39
and now it's a nation of what are called Woshurettos,
272
747178
3327
a sada je nacija onih koje zovemo
"Woshurettos",
"Woshurettos",
12:42
washlet toilets.
273
750505
1480
samočisteći toaleti.
12:43
They have in-built bidet nozzles for a lovely,
274
751985
2344
Imaju ugrađene mlaznice
kako bi se toalet koristio
kako bi se toalet koristio
12:46
hands-free cleaning experience,
275
754329
2745
bez prljanja ruku,
12:49
and they have various other features
276
757074
2172
a imaju i razne druge prateće mogućnosti
12:51
like a heated seat and an automatic lid-raising device
277
759246
2975
kao što je grejanje sedišta
ili automatsko podizanje daske
ili automatsko podizanje daske
12:54
which is known as the "marriage-saver."
278
762221
2341
koje je poznato kao "spasilac brakova''.
12:56
(Laughter)
279
764562
1456
(Smeh)
12:58
But most importantly, what they have done in Japan,
280
766018
2405
Ono najvažnije, što su učinili u Japanu,
13:00
which I find so inspirational,
281
768423
1500
što ja nalazim inspirativnim,
13:01
is they've brought the toilet out from behind the locked door.
282
769923
2564
jeste što su temu toaleta izvukli iz mraka.
13:04
They've made it conversational.
283
772487
1501
Učinili su je prijemčivom za razgovor.
13:05
People go out and upgrade their toilet.
284
773988
3402
Ljudi se trude da unaprede svoje toalete.
13:09
They talk about it. They've sanitized it.
285
777390
4408
Govore o tome. Čiste ga.
13:13
I hope that we can do that. It's not a difficult thing to do.
286
781798
4480
Nadam se da svi možemo da uradimo to.
Nije teško.
Nije teško.
13:18
All we really need to do
287
786278
2270
I svi treba da se okrenemo
13:20
is look at this issue
288
788548
1842
tom problemu
13:22
as the urgent, shameful issue that it is.
289
790390
4312
kao hitnom, sramnom problemu kakav jeste.
13:26
And don't think that it's just in the poor world that things are wrong.
290
794702
2773
Ne mislim da su stvari tako loše
samo u siromašnim zemljama.
samo u siromašnim zemljama.
13:29
Our sewers are crumbling.
291
797475
2164
Naše kanalizacije propadaju.
13:31
Things are going wrong here too.
292
799639
2167
I ovde su stvari vrlo kritične.
13:33
The solution to all of this is pretty easy.
293
801806
2899
Rešenje svega ovoga je vrlo lako.
13:36
I'm going to make your lives easy this afternoon
294
804705
1721
Učiniću vaše živote lakšim
još ovog popodneva
još ovog popodneva
13:38
and just ask you to do one thing,
295
806426
2353
i zamoliću vas da uradite jednu stvar,
13:40
and that's to go out, protest,
296
808779
3076
a to je da izađete, protestujete,
13:43
speak about the unspeakable,
297
811855
2238
govorite o neizrecivom,
13:46
and talk shit.
298
814093
1539
govorite o sranju.
13:47
Thank you.
299
815632
1954
Hvala vam.
13:49
(Applause)
300
817586
5324
(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Rose George - Curious journalistRose George looks deeply into topics that are unseen but fundamental, whether that's sewers or latrines or massive container ships or pirate hostages or menstrual hygiene.
Why you should listen
Rose George thinks, researches, writes and talks about the hidden, the undiscussed. Among the everyone-does-it-no-one-talks-about-it issues she's explored in books and articles: sanitation (and poop in general). Diarrhea is a weapon of mass destruction, says the UK-based journalist and author, and a lack of access to toilets is at the root of our biggest public health crisis. In 2012, two out of five of the world’s population had nowhere sanitary to go.
The key to turning around this problem, says George: Let’s drop the pretense of “water-related diseases” and call out the cause of myriad afflictions around the world as what they are -- “poop-related diseases” that are preventable with a basic toilet. George explores the problem in her book The Big Necessity: The Unmentionable World of Human Waste and Why It Matters and in a fabulous special issue of Colors magazine called "Shit: A Survival Guide." Read a sample chapter of The Big Necessity >>
Her latest book, on an equally hidden world that touches almost everything we do, is Ninety Percent of Everything: Inside Shipping, the Invisible Industry That Puts Clothes on Your Back, Gas in Your Car, Food on Your Plate. Read a review >>
In the UK and elsewhere, you'll find the book titled Deep Sea and Foreign Going: Inside Shipping, the Invisible Industry the Brings You 90% of Everything.
Rose George | Speaker | TED.com