TED2016
Michael Murphy: Architecture that's built to heal
Majkl Marfi (Michael Murphy): Arhitektura čije građevine leče
Filmed:
Readability: 4.5
1,563,845 views
Arhitektura nije samo pametno ređanje cigli. U ovom rečitom govoru, Majkl Marfi nam pokazuje kako su on i njegova ekipa gledali daleko mimo nacrta svog dizajna. Razmatrajući faktore od protoka vazduha do osvetljenja, njihov pristup je holistički i on stvara zajednice kao i (lepe) građevine. Vodi nas na razgledanje projekata u zemljama poput Ruande i Haitija, i otkriva dirljiv, ambiciozan plan za Spomenik mira i pravde, kojim se nada da će izlečiti srca na američkom Jugu.
Michael Murphy - Designer
As co-founder and CEO of MASS Design Group, Michael Murphy envisions and creates community-centric structures with healing built into their core. Full bio
As co-founder and CEO of MASS Design Group, Michael Murphy envisions and creates community-centric structures with healing built into their core. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
Every weekend for as long
as I can remember,
as I can remember,
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Svakog vikenda otkad pamtim,
00:17
my father would get up on a Saturday,
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moj otac bi ustao u nedelju,
00:20
put on a worn sweatshirt
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obukao iznošenu majicu
00:23
and he'd scrape away
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i strugao bi
00:24
at the squeaky old wheel
of a house that we lived in.
of a house that we lived in.
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škripavu straćaru u kojoj smo živeli.
00:27
I wouldn't even call it restoration;
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Ne bih to čak nazvao ni renoviranjem;
00:29
it was a ritual, catharsis.
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to je bio ritual, katarza.
00:31
He would spend all year
scraping paint with this old heat gun
scraping paint with this old heat gun
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Proveo bi čitavu godinu skidajući farbu
tim starim toplotnim pištoljem
tim starim toplotnim pištoljem
00:35
and a spackle knife,
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i dletom,
00:36
and then he would repaint
where he scraped,
where he scraped,
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a potom bi nanovo farbao gde je sastrugao,
00:38
only to begin again the following year.
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samo da bi sve ponovio sledeće godine.
00:41
Scraping and re-scraping,
painting and repainting:
painting and repainting:
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Struganje i sastrugavanje,
farbanje i prefarbavanje;
farbanje i prefarbavanje;
00:44
the work of an old house
is never meant to be done.
is never meant to be done.
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radu na staroj kući nikad nema kraja.
00:49
The day my father turned 52,
I got a phone call.
I got a phone call.
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Kad je moj otac napunio 52 godine,
dobio sam telefonski poziv.
dobio sam telefonski poziv.
00:52
My mother was on the line
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Majka je bila na vezi
00:54
to tell me that doctors had found
a lump in his stomach --
a lump in his stomach --
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kako bi mi rekla da su doktori
otkrili izraslinu u njegovom stomaku -
otkrili izraslinu u njegovom stomaku -
00:58
terminal cancer, she told me,
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zloćudni rak, kako mi je rekla,
01:00
and he had been given
only three weeks to live.
only three weeks to live.
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i predviđali su mu
svega tri nedelje života.
svega tri nedelje života.
01:04
I immediately moved home
to Poughkeepsie, New York,
to Poughkeepsie, New York,
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Odmah sam se preselio kući
u Pokipsi u Njujorku,
u Pokipsi u Njujorku,
01:07
to sit with my father on death watch,
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kako bi sedeo uz oca na smrtnoj postelji,
01:10
not knowing what the next days
would bring us.
would bring us.
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ne znajući šta će dani
koji slede da nam donesu.
koji slede da nam donesu.
01:13
To keep myself distracted,
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Da bih odvratio pažnju ocu,
01:14
I rolled up my sleeves,
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zasukao bih rukave
01:16
and I went about finishing
what he could now no longer complete --
what he could now no longer complete --
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i otišao bih da dovršim
ono što on više nije mogao -
ono što on više nije mogao -
01:20
the restoration of our old home.
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obnovu naše stare kuće.
01:23
When that looming three-week deadline came
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Kad je taj zloslutni
tronedeljni rok istekao
tronedeljni rok istekao
01:26
and then went,
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i prošao,
01:27
he was still alive.
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i dalje je bio živ.
01:29
And at three months,
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A za tri meseca
01:31
he joined me.
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mi se pridružio.
01:32
We gutted and repainted the interior.
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Očistili smo i prefarbali unutrašnjost.
01:35
At six months, the old windows
were refinished,
were refinished,
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Za šest meseci su stari prozori završeni,
01:38
and at 18 months,
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a za 18 meseci,
01:40
the rotted porch was finally replaced.
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truli trem je konačno zamenjen.
01:43
And there was my father,
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A moj otac je bio tu,
01:45
standing with me outside,
admiring a day's work,
admiring a day's work,
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stajao je sa mnom napolju,
diveći se dnevnom radu,
diveći se dnevnom radu,
01:48
hair on his head, fully in remission,
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s kosom na glavi,
imao je potpunu remisiju,
imao je potpunu remisiju,
01:51
when he turned to me and he said,
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kad se okrenuo meni i rekao:
01:53
"You know, Michael,
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"Znaš, Majkl,
01:55
this house saved my life."
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ova kuća mi je spasila život."
01:58
So the following year, I decided
to go to architecture school.
to go to architecture school.
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Pa sam sledeće godine odlučio
da upišem arhitekturu.
da upišem arhitekturu.
02:04
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
02:05
But there, I learned
something different about buildings.
something different about buildings.
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Ali tu sam naučio
nešto drugo o građevinama.
nešto drugo o građevinama.
02:09
Recognition seemed to come
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Priznanja su dolazila
02:10
to those who prioritized
novel and sculptural forms,
novel and sculptural forms,
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onima kojima su prioritet
bili novi i izvajani oblici,
bili novi i izvajani oblici,
02:14
like ribbons, or ...
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poput trakica ili...
02:17
pickles?
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kornišona?
02:18
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
02:22
And I think this
is supposed to be a snail.
is supposed to be a snail.
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I mislim da bi ovo trebalo da bude puž.
02:26
Something about this bothered me.
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Nešto u vezi s ovim me uznemirava.
02:28
Why was it that the best architects,
the greatest architecture --
the greatest architecture --
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Zašto su najbolje arhitekte,
najznačajnija arhitektura -
najznačajnija arhitektura -
02:32
all beautiful and visionary
and innovative --
and innovative --
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sve što je lepo i vizionarsko
i inovativno -
i inovativno -
02:36
is also so rare,
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je i tako retko,
02:38
and seems to serve so very few?
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i čini se da služi samo retkima?
02:41
And more to the point:
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I da dodam još:
02:43
With all of this creative talent,
what more could we do?
what more could we do?
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šta bismo još mogli da postignemo
sa svim tim kreativnim talentima?
sa svim tim kreativnim talentima?
02:48
Just as I was about to start
my final exams,
my final exams,
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Baš dok sam se spremao za završne ispite,
02:50
I decided to take a break
from an all-nighter
from an all-nighter
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odlučio sam da napravim pauzu
od neprospavanih noći
od neprospavanih noći
02:54
and go to a lecture by Dr. Paul Farmer,
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i odem na predavanje dr Pola Farmera,
02:57
a leading health activist
for the global poor.
for the global poor.
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vodećeg zdravstvenog aktiviste
za siromašne širom sveta.
za siromašne širom sveta.
03:00
I was surprised to hear a doctor
talking about architecture.
talking about architecture.
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Bio sam iznenađen da čujem
doktora kako govori o arhitekturi.
doktora kako govori o arhitekturi.
03:04
Buildings are making
people sicker, he said,
people sicker, he said,
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Zbog zgrada se ljudi
osećaju gore, rekao je,
osećaju gore, rekao je,
03:06
and for the poorest in the world,
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a najsiromašnijima u svetu
03:08
this is causing epidemic-level problems.
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ovo uzrokuje probleme
epidemijskih razmera.
epidemijskih razmera.
03:11
In this hospital in South Africa,
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U ovoj bolnici u Južnoj Africi,
03:13
patients that came in
with, say, a broken leg,
with, say, a broken leg,
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pacijenti koji dolaze,
recimo, slomljene noge,
recimo, slomljene noge,
03:15
to wait in this unventilated hallway,
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kako bi čekali
u ovom neprozračenom hodniku,
u ovom neprozračenom hodniku,
03:18
walked out with a multidrug-resistant
strand of tuberculosis.
strand of tuberculosis.
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izlaze sa simptomima tuberkuloze
otporne na većinu lekova.
otporne na većinu lekova.
03:23
Simple designs for infection control
had not been thought about,
had not been thought about,
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Jednostavan dizajn za kontrolu infekcija
se ne podučava
se ne podučava
03:26
and people had died because of it.
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i ljudi umiru zbog toga.
03:30
"Where are the architects?" Paul said.
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"Gde su arhitekte?" pitao se Pol.
03:33
If hospitals are making people sicker,
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Ako je zbog bolnica ljudima gore,
03:35
where are the architects and designers
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gde su arhitekte i dizajneri
03:37
to help us build and design
hospitals that allow us to heal?
hospitals that allow us to heal?
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da nam pomognu da sagradimo i dizajniramo
bolnice koje nam omogućavaju lečenje?
bolnice koje nam omogućavaju lečenje?
03:44
That following summer,
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Narednog leta
03:46
I was in the back of a Land Rover
with a few classmates,
with a few classmates,
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sam bio na zadnjem sedištu džipa
sa nekoliko kolega,
sa nekoliko kolega,
03:48
bumping over the mountainous
hillside of Rwanda.
hillside of Rwanda.
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truckali smo
preko planinskih padina Ruande.
preko planinskih padina Ruande.
03:52
For the next year, I'd be living in Butaro
in this old guesthouse,
in this old guesthouse,
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Naredne godine ću da živim u Butaru
u ovoj staroj gostinskoj kući,
u ovoj staroj gostinskoj kući,
03:56
which was a jail after the genocide.
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koja je nakon genocida bila zatvor.
04:00
I was there to design and build
a new type of hospital
a new type of hospital
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Tu sam bio kako bih dizajnirao
i sagradio novi tip bolnice
i sagradio novi tip bolnice
04:04
with Dr. Farmer and his team.
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sa dr Farmerom i njegovom ekipom.
04:07
If hallways are making patients sicker,
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Ako su pacijenti bolesniji zbog hodnika,
04:10
what if we could design a hospital
that flips the hallways on the outside,
that flips the hallways on the outside,
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šta ako bismo mogli da dizajniramo bolnicu
u kojoj su hodnici izmešteni napolje
u kojoj su hodnici izmešteni napolje
04:13
and makes people walk in the exterior?
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i zbog kojih se ljudi
kreću po eksterijeru?
kreću po eksterijeru?
04:16
If mechanical systems rarely work,
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Ako mehanički sistemi retko funkcionišu,
04:18
what if we could design a hospital
that could breathe
that could breathe
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šta ako bismo dizajnirali bolnicu
koja bi mogla da diše
koja bi mogla da diše
04:21
through natural ventilation,
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putem prirodne ventilacije,
04:23
and meanwhile reduce
its environmental footprint?
its environmental footprint?
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i da istovremeno umanjuje
sopstvenu štetu po okoliš?
sopstvenu štetu po okoliš?
04:26
And what about the patients' experience?
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A šta je sa iskustvom pacijenata?
04:28
Evidence shows
that a simple view of nature
that a simple view of nature
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Pokazano je da sami pogled na prirodu
04:31
can radically improve health outcomes,
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može drastično da poboljša
zdravstveno stanje.
zdravstveno stanje.
04:33
So why couldn't we design a hospital
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Stoga, zašto ne bismo dizajnirali bolnicu
04:35
where every patient
had a window with a view?
had a window with a view?
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u kojoj svaki pacijent
ima pogled kroz prozor?
ima pogled kroz prozor?
04:38
Simple, site-specific designs
can make a hospital that heals.
can make a hospital that heals.
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Jednostavnim dizajnom karakterističnim
za dato mesto, bolnice mogu da leče.
za dato mesto, bolnice mogu da leče.
04:44
Designing it is one thing;
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Dizajnirati ga je jedno,
04:46
getting it built, we learned,
is quite another.
is quite another.
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sagraditi ga, kako smo otkrili,
je nešto drugo.
je nešto drugo.
04:49
We worked with Bruce Nizeye,
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Radili smo sa Brusom Nizejom,
04:52
a brilliant engineer,
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briljantnim inženjerom,
04:53
and he thought about
construction differently
construction differently
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a on je razmišljao o gradnji različito
04:56
than I had been taught in school.
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od onog što su me učili u školi.
04:58
When we had to excavate
this enormous hilltop
this enormous hilltop
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Kad smo morali da kopamo
ovaj ogromni vrh brega,
ovaj ogromni vrh brega,
05:00
and a bulldozer was expensive
and hard to get to site,
and hard to get to site,
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a buldožer je bo skup
i teško ga je bilo dovesti na to mesto,
i teško ga je bilo dovesti na to mesto,
05:03
Bruce suggested doing it by hand,
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Brus je predložio da to ručno radimo,
05:06
using a method in Rwanda called "Ubudehe,"
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služeći se metodom
koji se u Ruandi naziva "ubudehe",
koji se u Ruandi naziva "ubudehe",
05:10
which means "community works
for the community."
for the community."
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što znači "zajednica u službi zajednice".
05:13
Hundreds of people came
with shovels and hoes,
with shovels and hoes,
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Na stotine ljudi je došlo
sa lopatama i motikama
sa lopatama i motikama
05:17
and we excavated that hill
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i iskopali smo taj breg
05:18
in half the time and half
the cost of that bulldozer.
the cost of that bulldozer.
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za duplo manje vremena
i po duplo nižoj ceni od buldožera.
i po duplo nižoj ceni od buldožera.
05:23
Instead of importing furniture,
Bruce started a guild,
Bruce started a guild,
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Umesto uvoza nameštaja,
Brus je osnovao esnaf
Brus je osnovao esnaf
05:26
and he brought in
master carpenters to train others
master carpenters to train others
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i doveo je majstore stolare
da bi podučavali druge
da bi podučavali druge
05:28
in how to make furniture by hand.
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kako da ručno prave nameštaj.
05:30
And on this job site,
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A na ovom radnom mestu,
05:32
15 years after the Rwandan genocide,
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15 godina nakon genocida u Ruandi,
05:36
Bruce insisted that we bring on
labor from all backgrounds,
labor from all backgrounds,
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Brus je insistirao da dovedemo
radnike raznih profila,
radnike raznih profila,
05:39
and that half of them be women.
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i da polovina njih budu žene.
05:42
Bruce was using
the process of building to heal,
the process of building to heal,
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Brus je koristio proces izgradnje kao lek,
05:44
not just for those who were sick,
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ne samo za bolesne,
05:46
but for the entire community as a whole.
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već za celokupnu zajednicu.
05:51
We call this the locally fabricated
way of building, or "lo-fab,"
way of building, or "lo-fab,"
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Nazivamo to lokalno fabrikovanim
načinom izgradnje iliti "lo-fab",
načinom izgradnje iliti "lo-fab",
05:55
and it has four pillars:
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i on ima četiri oslonca:
05:58
hire locally,
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upošljavanje lokalaca,
06:00
source regionally,
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regionalno snabdevanje,
06:02
train where you can
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obuka gde god je moguće
06:03
and most importantly,
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i najvažnije od svega
06:05
think about every design decision
as an opportunity
as an opportunity
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razmišljajte o svakoj dizajnerskoj odluci
kao o mogućnosti
kao o mogućnosti
06:08
to invest in the dignity
of the places where you serve.
of the places where you serve.
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ulaganja u dostojanstvo
mesta na kom vršite službu.
mesta na kom vršite službu.
06:13
Think of it like the local food movement,
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Razmišljajte o tome
kao o lokalnom pokretu za hranu,
kao o lokalnom pokretu za hranu,
06:16
but for architecture.
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ali za arhitekturu.
06:17
And we're convinced
that this way of building
that this way of building
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I ubeđeni smo da ovakav vid gradnje
06:19
can be replicated across the world,
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može da bude preslikan širom sveta
06:21
and change the way we talk about
and evaluate architecture.
and evaluate architecture.
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i da može da promeni način
na koji govorimo i ocenjujemo arhitekturu.
na koji govorimo i ocenjujemo arhitekturu.
06:27
Using the lo-fab way of building,
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Upotrebom lo-fab načina izgradnje,
06:29
even aesthetic decisions
can be designed to impact people's lives.
can be designed to impact people's lives.
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čak i estetske odluke mogu da budu
dizajnirane da utiču na živote ljudi.
dizajnirane da utiču na živote ljudi.
U Butaru smo odlučili
da koristimo lokalni vulkanski kamen
da koristimo lokalni vulkanski kamen
06:33
In Butaro, we chose to use
a local volcanic stone
a local volcanic stone
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06:36
found in abundance within the area,
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koga ima u izobilju u toj oblasti,
06:38
but often considered
a nuisance by farmers,
a nuisance by farmers,
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a koga zemljoradnici smatraju za smetnju
06:40
and piled on the side of the road.
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i gomilaju ga pored puteva.
06:42
We worked with these masons
to cut these stones
to cut these stones
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Radili smo sa zidarima
kako bismo izrezali to kamenje
kako bismo izrezali to kamenje
06:45
and form them into the walls
of the hospital.
of the hospital.
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i oblikovali ga u zidove bolnice.
06:48
And when they began on this corner
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A kad su krenuli od ovog ugla
06:50
and wrapped around the entire hospital,
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i obmotali čitavu bolnicu,
06:54
they were so good at putting
these stones together,
these stones together,
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toliko su bili dobri
u slaganju ovog kamenja,
u slaganju ovog kamenja,
06:56
they asked us if they could take down
the original wall and rebuild it.
the original wall and rebuild it.
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da su nas upitali da li bi mogli da sruše
prvobitni zid i izgrade ga nanovo.
prvobitni zid i izgrade ga nanovo.
07:00
And you see what is possible.
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I vidite šta je moguće.
07:03
It's beautiful.
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Prelepo je.
07:05
And the beauty, to me,
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A njegova lepota za mene
07:07
comes from the fact that I know
that hands cut these stones,
that hands cut these stones,
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potiče iz činjenice da znam
da su ruke rezale ovo kamenje
da su ruke rezale ovo kamenje
07:11
and they formed them into this thick wall,
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i da su ga oblikovale u ovaj debeli zid,
07:14
made only in this place
with rocks from this soil.
with rocks from this soil.
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napravljen samo na ovom mestu
kamenjem iz ovog tla.
kamenjem iz ovog tla.
07:20
When you go outside today
and you look at your built world,
and you look at your built world,
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Kada krenete napolje danas
i osvrnete se na svoj svet građevina,
i osvrnete se na svoj svet građevina,
07:24
ask not only:
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ne pitajte se samo:
07:26
"What is the environmental footprint?" --
an important question --
an important question --
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"Kolika je šteta po okolinu?" -
to je važno pitanje -
to je važno pitanje -
no kad bismo takođe pitali:
07:29
but what if we also asked,
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07:30
"What is the human handprint
of those who made it?"
of those who made it?"
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"Gde je ljudski otisak
onih koji su ga gradili?"
onih koji su ga gradili?"
07:35
We started a new practice
based around these questions,
based around these questions,
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Započeli smo novu praksu
zasnovanu na ovim pitanjima,
zasnovanu na ovim pitanjima,
07:39
and we tested it around the world.
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i testirali smo je širom sveta.
07:42
Like in Haiti,
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Na primer na Haitiju,
07:43
where we asked if a new hospital
could help end the epidemic of cholera.
could help end the epidemic of cholera.
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gde smo se zapitali da li bi nova bolnica
pomogla da se okonča epidemija kolere.
pomogla da se okonča epidemija kolere.
07:48
In this 100-bed hospital,
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U ovoj bolnici sa 100 kreveta
07:50
we designed a simple strategy
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osmislili smo prostu strategiju
07:52
to clean contaminated medical waste
before it enters the water table,
before it enters the water table,
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da se zaraženi medicinski otpad prečišćava
pre nego što dođe do podzemnih voda
pre nego što dođe do podzemnih voda
07:56
and our partners at Les Centres GHESKIO
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i naši partneri iz Les Centres GHESKIO
07:58
are already saving lives because of it.
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već spašavaju živote zahvaljujući tome.
08:01
Or Malawi:
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Ili na Malaviju:
08:02
we asked if a birthing center
could radically reduce
could radically reduce
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zapitali smo se da li bi akušerski centar
mogao radikalno da umanji
mogao radikalno da umanji
08:05
maternal and infant mortality.
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smrtnost majki i novorođenčadi.
08:07
Malawi has one of the highest rates
of maternal and infant death
of maternal and infant death
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Malavi ima jednu od najvećih stopa
smrtnosti majki i novorođenčadi
smrtnosti majki i novorođenčadi
08:11
in the world.
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u svetu.
08:12
Using a simple strategy
to be replicated nationally,
to be replicated nationally,
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Upotrebom proste strategije
koja bi se preslikavala nacionalno,
koja bi se preslikavala nacionalno,
08:15
we designed a birthing center
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dizajnirali smo akušerski centar
08:18
that would attract women
and their attendants
and their attendants
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koji bi privlačio žene i njihove pazitelje
08:20
to come to the hospital earlier
and therefore have safer births.
and therefore have safer births.
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da ranije dođu u bolnicu
i time imaju bezbedniji porođaj.
i time imaju bezbedniji porođaj.
08:24
Or in the Congo, where we asked
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Ili u Kongu, gde smo se zapitali
08:26
if an educational center
could also be used
could also be used
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da li bi obrazovni centar mogao da služi
08:28
to protect endangered wildlife.
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i kao zaštita ugrožene divljači.
08:30
Poaching for ivory and bushmeat
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Krivolov slonovače i divljači
08:32
is leading to global epidemic,
disease transfer and war.
disease transfer and war.
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uzrokuje globalnu epidemiju,
širi bolesti i rat.
širi bolesti i rat.
08:35
In one of the hardest-to-reach
places in the world,
places in the world,
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U jednom od najnepristupačnijih
mesta na svetu,
mesta na svetu,
08:39
we used the mud and the dirt
and the wood around us
and the wood around us
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koristili smo blato i prašinu
i šumu oko nas
i šumu oko nas
08:42
to construct a center
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da bismo izgradili centar
08:43
that would show us ways to protect
and conserve our rich biodiversity.
and conserve our rich biodiversity.
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koji bi nam ukazao na vidove zaštite
i očuvanja našeg bogatog biodiverziteta.
i očuvanja našeg bogatog biodiverziteta.
08:49
Even here in the US,
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Čak i ovde u SAD-u,
tražili su nam da osmislimo
08:51
we were asked to rethink
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08:52
the largest university for the deaf
and hard of hearing in the world.
and hard of hearing in the world.
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najveći univerzitet na svetu
za gluve i nagluve.
za gluve i nagluve.
08:56
The deaf community, through sign language,
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Zajednica gluvih, preko znakovnog jezika,
08:59
shows us the power
of visual communication.
of visual communication.
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nam pokazuje moć vizuelne komunikacije.
09:01
We designed a campus
that would awaken the ways
that would awaken the ways
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Dizajnirali smo kampus
koji bi oživeo vidove
koji bi oživeo vidove
09:03
in which we as humans all communicate,
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na koje svi mi ljudi komuniciramo,
09:05
both verbally and nonverbally.
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i verbalno i neverbalno.
09:09
And even in Poughkeepsie, my hometown,
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Čak i u Pokipsiju, mom rodnom gradu,
09:12
we thought about old
industrial infrastructure.
industrial infrastructure.
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razmišljali smo o staroj
industrijskoj infrastrukturi.
industrijskoj infrastrukturi.
09:16
We wondered:
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Pitali smo se:
09:17
Could we use arts and culture
and design to revitalize this city
and design to revitalize this city
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da li bismo mogli preko umetnosti,
kulture i dizajna da oživimo ovaj grad
kulture i dizajna da oživimo ovaj grad
09:22
and other Rust Belt cities
across our nation,
across our nation,
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i druge bivše industrijske gigante
širom naše nacije,
širom naše nacije,
09:24
and turn them into centers
for innovation and growth?
for innovation and growth?
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i da ih pretvorimo u centre
za inovaciju i razvoj?
za inovaciju i razvoj?
09:28
In each of these projects,
we asked a simple question:
we asked a simple question:
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Prilikom svakog od ovih projekata,
postavili smo jednostavno pitanje:
postavili smo jednostavno pitanje:
09:32
What more can architecture do?
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kako da dodatno arhitekte doprinesu?
09:34
And by asking that question,
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A postavljanjem tog pitanja
09:36
we were forced to consider
how we could create jobs,
how we could create jobs,
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bili smo primorani da razmotrimo
kako da stvorimo poslove,
kako da stvorimo poslove,
09:40
how we could source regionally
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kako da se snabdevamo regionalno
09:42
and how we could invest
in the dignity of the communities
in the dignity of the communities
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i kako da uložimo u dostojanstvo zajednica
09:46
in which we serve.
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kojima služimo.
09:47
I have learned
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Naučio sam
09:49
that architecture can be
a transformative engine for change.
a transformative engine for change.
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da arhitektura može da bude
preobražajni pokretač promene.
preobražajni pokretač promene.
09:57
About a year ago, I read an article
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Pre oko godinu dana, pročitao sam članak
10:00
about a tireless and intrepid
civil rights leader
civil rights leader
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o neumornom i neustrašivom
vođi za građanska prava,
vođi za građanska prava,
10:05
named Bryan Stevenson.
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po imenu Brajan Stivenson.
10:08
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
10:14
And Bryan had a bold architectural vision.
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A Brajan je imao
odvažnu arhitektonsku viziju.
odvažnu arhitektonsku viziju.
10:17
He and his team had been documenting
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On i njegova ekipa su dokumentovali
10:20
the over 4,000 lynchings
of African Americans
of African Americans
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preko 4 000 linčovanja Afroamerikanaca
10:24
that have happened in the American South.
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koja su se desila na američkom Jugu.
10:26
And they had a plan to mark every county
where these lynchings occurred,
where these lynchings occurred,
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I planirali su da obeleže svaki okrug
u kom su se ova linčovanja desila
u kom su se ova linčovanja desila
10:31
and build a national memorial
to the victims of lynching
to the victims of lynching
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i da sagrade nacionalni spomenik
žrtvama linčovanja
žrtvama linčovanja
10:35
in Montgomery, Alabama.
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u Montgomeriju u Alabami.
10:37
Countries like Germany and South Africa
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Države, poput Nemačke i Južne Afrike
10:41
and, of course, Rwanda,
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i, naravno, Ruande,
10:43
have found it necessary to build memorials
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smatrale su za nužno da sagrade spomenike
10:46
to reflect on the atrocities
of their past,
of their past,
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koji se osvrću
na užase iz njihove prošlosti,
na užase iz njihove prošlosti,
10:49
in order to heal their national psyche.
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kako bi izlečili psihu njihovih nacija.
10:52
We have yet to do this
in the United States.
in the United States.
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Mi tek treba to da uradimo u SAD-u.
10:56
So I sent a cold email
to info@equaljusticeintiative.org:
to info@equaljusticeintiative.org:
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Pa sam poslao bezličan imejl
na info@equaljusticeintiative.org:
na info@equaljusticeintiative.org:
11:03
"Dear Bryan," it said,
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"Dragi Brajane", glasio je,
11:06
"I think your building project
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"Smatram Vaš građevinski projekat
11:07
is maybe the most important
project we could do in America
project we could do in America
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za možda najvažniji projekat
koji može da se ostvari u Americi
koji može da se ostvari u Americi
11:10
and could change the way
we think about racial injustice.
we think about racial injustice.
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i koji može da promeni
to kako razmišljamo o rasnoj nepravdi.
to kako razmišljamo o rasnoj nepravdi.
11:14
By any chance,
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1984
Znate li slučajno
11:16
do you know who will design it?"
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1921
ko će da ga dizajnira?"
11:18
(Laughter)
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1629
(Smeh)
11:20
Surprisingly, shockingly,
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Na moje iznenađenje i zapanjenost,
11:23
Bryan got right back to me,
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Brajan je odmah odgovorio
11:24
and invited me down to meet
with his team and talk to them.
with his team and talk to them.
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i pozvao me je da dođem,
upoznam njegovu ekipu i da razgovaramo.
upoznam njegovu ekipu i da razgovaramo.
11:28
Needless to say,
I canceled all my meetings
I canceled all my meetings
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Suvišno je reći
da sam otkazao sve sastanke
da sam otkazao sve sastanke
11:30
and I jumped on a plane
to Montgomery, Alabama.
to Montgomery, Alabama.
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i uskočio na avion
za Montgomeri u Alabami.
za Montgomeri u Alabami.
11:33
When I got there,
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Kad sam stigao tamo,
11:34
Bryan and his team picked me up,
and we walked around the city.
and we walked around the city.
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Brajan i njegova ekipa su me pokupili
i šetali smo gradom.
i šetali smo gradom.
11:38
And they took the time to point out
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I odvojili su vreme da istaknu
11:40
the many markers that have
been placed all over the city
been placed all over the city
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mnoge oznake postavljene širom grada
11:43
to the history of the Confederacy,
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u vezi sa storijom Konfederacije
11:46
and the very few that mark
the history of slavery.
the history of slavery.
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i svega nekoliko kojima je obeležena
istorija robovlasništva.
istorija robovlasništva.
11:50
And then he walked me to a hill.
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A potom me je ispratio do brda.
11:52
It overlooked the whole city.
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1502
Odatle se pruža pogled na grad.
11:54
He pointed out the river
and the train tracks
and the train tracks
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Pokazao je prstom reku i železničku prugu
11:57
where the largest domestic
slave-trading port in America
slave-trading port in America
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gde je nekad cvetala najveća domaća
luka za trgovinu robovima u Americi.
luka za trgovinu robovima u Americi.
11:59
had once prospered.
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Zatim smo pošli do kruga Kapitola,
12:01
And then to the Capitol rotunda,
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gde je Džordž Volas
stojeći na tim stepenicama
stojeći na tim stepenicama
12:02
where George Wallace
had stood on its steps
had stood on its steps
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12:04
and proclaimed, "Segregation forever."
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objavio: "Nek je večna segregacija".
12:08
And then to the very hill below us.
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A potom do brda tik ispod nas.
12:10
He said, "Here we will build
a new memorial
a new memorial
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3317
Rekao je: "Ovde ćemo sagraditi
novi spomenik,
novi spomenik,
12:13
that will change the identity
of this city and of this nation."
of this city and of this nation."
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koji će izmeniti identitet
ovog grada i ove nacije."
ovog grada i ove nacije."
12:18
Our two teams have worked
together over the last year
together over the last year
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Naše dve ekipe su radile zajedno
tokom prošle godine
tokom prošle godine
12:22
to design this memorial.
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kako bismo dizajnirali spomenik.
12:27
The memorial will take us on a journey
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Spomenik će nas povesti na putovanje
12:30
through a classical,
almost familiar building type,
almost familiar building type,
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3074
putem klasičnog,
gotovo poznatog stila gradnje,
gotovo poznatog stila gradnje,
12:33
like the Parthenon
or the colonnade at the Vatican.
or the colonnade at the Vatican.
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poput Partenona ili kolonade u Vatikanu.
12:38
But as we enter,
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No kako budemo ulazili,
12:40
the ground drops below us
and our perception shifts,
and our perception shifts,
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zemlja će da nam izmakne ispod nogu
i promeniće se naša percepcija,
i promeniće se naša percepcija,
12:44
where we realize that these columns
evoke the lynchings,
evoke the lynchings,
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gde ćemo da shvatimo
da ovi stubovi evociraju linčovanja,
da ovi stubovi evociraju linčovanja,
12:48
which happened in the public square.
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2031
koja su se dešavala na javnom trgu.
12:51
And as we continue,
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I kako budemo išli dalje,
12:52
we begin to understand the vast number
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počećemo da shvatamo ogroman broj
12:55
of those who have yet to be put to rest.
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onih koji tek treba da se upokoje.
12:58
Their names will be engraved
on the markers that hang above us.
on the markers that hang above us.
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Njihova imena će da budu ugravirana
na oznake koje vise iznad nas.
na oznake koje vise iznad nas.
13:04
And just outside will be a field
of identical columns.
of identical columns.
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A odmah napolju će da bude poljana
sa identičnim stubovima.
sa identičnim stubovima.
13:08
But these are temporary columns,
waiting in purgatory,
waiting in purgatory,
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Ali to su privremeni stubovi,
koji čekaju u čistilištu,
koji čekaju u čistilištu,
13:12
to be placed in the very counties
where these lynchings occurred.
where these lynchings occurred.
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da budu smešteni u one okruge
u kojima su se ta linčovanja desila.
u kojima su se ta linčovanja desila.
13:18
Over the next few years,
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Tokom narednih nekoliko godina,
13:20
this site will bear witness,
268
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1986
ovo mesto će da bude svedok,
13:23
as each of these markers is claimed
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2238
kako svako od ovih obeležja
dobija svoje mesto
dobija svoje mesto
13:25
and visibly placed in those counties.
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2259
i smešta se na vidljivo mesto
u ove okruge.
u ove okruge.
13:28
Our nation will begin to heal
from over a century of silence.
from over a century of silence.
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Naša nacija će početi da se leči
od tišine duže od jednog veka.
od tišine duže od jednog veka.
13:35
When we think about
how it should be built,
how it should be built,
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Kada smo razmišljali o načinu izgradnje,
13:37
we were reminded of Ubudehe,
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2800
podsetili smo se ubudehe-ija,
13:40
the building process
we learned about in Rwanda.
we learned about in Rwanda.
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procesa izgradnje
za koji smo saznali u Ruandi.
za koji smo saznali u Ruandi.
13:43
We wondered if we could fill
those very columns
those very columns
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Zapitali smo se da li bismo mogli
da ispunimo stubove
da ispunimo stubove
13:46
with the soil from the sites
of where these killings occurred.
of where these killings occurred.
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zemljištem sa mesta
na kojima su se ova ubistva desila.
na kojima su se ova ubistva desila.
13:51
Brian and his team have begun
collecting that soil
collecting that soil
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Brajan i njegova ekipa su počeli
da sakupljaju zemlju
da sakupljaju zemlju
13:54
and preserving it in individual jars
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2784
i da je čuvaju u pojedinačnim teglama
13:57
with family members, community
leaders and descendants.
leaders and descendants.
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3459
zajedno sa članovima porodice,
zajednicom, vođama i potomcima.
zajednicom, vođama i potomcima.
14:01
The act of collecting soil itself
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Sami čin prikupljanja zemlje
14:06
has lead to a type of spiritual healing.
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je doveo do nekog vida duhovnog izlečenja.
14:09
It's an act of restorative justice.
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To je čin okrepljujuće pravde.
14:12
As one EJI team member noted
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Kako je jedan član
Inicijative za jednaka prava primetio
Inicijative za jednaka prava primetio
14:15
in the collection of the soil
from where Will McBride was lynched,
from where Will McBride was lynched,
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sakupljajući zemlju
sa mesta na kom je Vil Mekbrajd linčovan:
sa mesta na kom je Vil Mekbrajd linčovan:
14:20
"If Will McBride left one drop of sweat,
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"Ako je Vil Mekbrajd ostavio kap znoja,
14:23
one drop of blood,
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jednu kap krvi,
14:25
one hair follicle --
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jednu vlas kose -
14:26
I pray that I dug it up,
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molim se da ću je iskopati
14:28
and that his whole body
would be at peace."
would be at peace."
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i da će celo njegovo telo
počivati u miru."
počivati u miru."
14:34
We plan to break ground
on this memorial later this year,
on this memorial later this year,
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Planiramo da iskopamo temelje
za ovaj spomenik kasnije ove godine
za ovaj spomenik kasnije ove godine
14:37
and it will be a place to finally speak
of the unspeakable acts
of the unspeakable acts
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i to će da bude mesto da se konačno
govori o neizrecivim delima
govori o neizrecivim delima
14:42
that have scarred this nation.
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koja su ostavila ožiljke na ovoj naciji.
14:46
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
14:57
When my father told me
that day that this house --
that day that this house --
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Kad mi je otac rekao
tog dana da mu je ova kuća -
tog dana da mu je ova kuća -
15:00
our house --
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naša kuća -
15:01
had saved his life,
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spasila život,
15:03
what I didn't know
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nisam znao
15:05
was that he was referring
to a much deeper relationship
to a much deeper relationship
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da misli na daleko dublji odnos
15:08
between architecture and ourselves.
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između arhitekture i nas.
15:11
Buildings are not simply
expressive sculptures.
expressive sculptures.
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Građevine nisu samo
puke ekspresivne skulpture.
puke ekspresivne skulpture.
15:15
They make visible our personal
and our collective aspirations
and our collective aspirations
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One otelotvoravaju naše lične
i naše kolektivne težnje,
i naše kolektivne težnje,
15:19
as a society.
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nas kao društva.
15:21
Great architecture can give us hope.
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Sjajna arhitektura nam može pružiti nadu.
15:25
Great architecture can heal.
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Sjajna arhitektura može da leči.
15:28
Thank you very much.
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Mnogo vam hvala.
15:29
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Michael Murphy - DesignerAs co-founder and CEO of MASS Design Group, Michael Murphy envisions and creates community-centric structures with healing built into their core.
Why you should listen
Michael Murphy is the executive director of MASS Design Group. He spearheads MASS' research and design programs and has helped expand the firm into ten countries and three continents.
Murphy led the design and construction of MASS's first project, the Butaro Hospital in Rwanda, which opened in 2011. The award-winning hospital established the MASS blueprint: immersive study of each location for its challenges and advantages, design of buildings that will improve the well-being of patients and communities, low-impact and environmentally sensitive construction that enriches the community, and evaluation of each design’s impact in improving lives.
Michael Murphy | Speaker | TED.com