TED2016
Michael Murphy: Architecture that's built to heal
迈克 墨菲: 用建筑来获得疗愈
Filmed:
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建筑远远不止是砖头的巧妙安放。在这次演讲中，迈克尔·墨菲显示了他和他的团队如何别具慧眼地看待他们在设计时的蓝图。从气流的因素到光线的考虑，他们全方位地寻求打造社区以及（美观的）建筑物的方法。他带领我们走进一个个项目的旅途， 从卢旺达到海地等国，并揭示了正在进行的，雄心勃勃的为建立纪念和平和正义的纪念馆的计划，他希望能在美国南部治愈心灵。
Michael Murphy - Designer
As co-founder and CEO of MASS Design Group, Michael Murphy envisions and creates community-centric structures with healing built into their core. Full bio
As co-founder and CEO of MASS Design Group, Michael Murphy envisions and creates community-centric structures with healing built into their core. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
Every weekend for as long
as I can remember,
as I can remember,
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在我能够记住的每个周末
00:17
my father would get up on a Saturday,
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我的父亲在周六起床后
00:20
put on a worn sweatshirt
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会穿上一件旧T恤衫
00:23
and he'd scrape away
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他会刮掉
00:24
at the squeaky old wheel
of a house that we lived in.
of a house that we lived in.
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我们所住的老房子的油漆
00:27
I wouldn't even call it restoration;
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我不能把它叫做修整
00:29
it was a ritual, catharsis.
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那是一种仪式 一种净化
00:31
He would spend all year
scraping paint with this old heat gun
scraping paint with this old heat gun
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他会用整整一年的时间来
用他的热风枪
用他的热风枪
00:35
and a spackle knife,
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以及抹墙粉刀来刮掉油漆
00:36
and then he would repaint
where he scraped,
where he scraped,
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然后他会重新油漆他刮掉的部分
00:38
only to begin again the following year.
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这只是为了能在来年重新开始
00:41
Scraping and re-scraping,
painting and repainting:
painting and repainting:
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刮漆和再次刮漆
油漆和再次油漆
油漆和再次油漆
00:44
the work of an old house
is never meant to be done.
is never meant to be done.
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这所老房子的工作永远不会结束
00:49
The day my father turned 52,
I got a phone call.
I got a phone call.
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当我父亲52岁的时候
我接到一通电话
我接到一通电话
00:52
My mother was on the line
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我母亲在线上
00:54
to tell me that doctors had found
a lump in his stomach --
a lump in his stomach --
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告诉我说医生在他的腹腔发现一个肿块儿
00:58
terminal cancer, she told me,
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癌症晚期 她这么跟我说
01:00
and he had been given
only three weeks to live.
only three weeks to live.
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他只能活三周
01:04
I immediately moved home
to Poughkeepsie, New York,
to Poughkeepsie, New York,
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我立即搬家到纽约 Poughkeepsie,
01:07
to sit with my father on death watch,
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守护我父亲的临终死亡
01:10
not knowing what the next days
would bring us.
would bring us.
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不知道第二天我们会发生些什么
01:13
To keep myself distracted,
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为了让自己分散注意力
01:14
I rolled up my sleeves,
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我卷起了袖子
01:16
and I went about finishing
what he could now no longer complete --
what he could now no longer complete --
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我去做他再也无法完成的事情
01:20
the restoration of our old home.
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修整我们的老房子
01:23
When that looming three-week deadline came
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当那个无形的三周期限来到了
01:26
and then went,
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又过去后
01:27
he was still alive.
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他还是活着
01:29
And at three months,
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三个月后
01:31
he joined me.
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他开始跟我一起
01:32
We gutted and repainted the interior.
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我们重新粉刷了内部
01:35
At six months, the old windows
were refinished,
were refinished,
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六个月后 老窗户完成了
01:38
and at 18 months,
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18个月的时候
01:40
the rotted porch was finally replaced.
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破败的阳台也翻新了
01:43
And there was my father,
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而我的父亲
01:45
standing with me outside,
admiring a day's work,
admiring a day's work,
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和我一起站在外面
欣赏着一天的工作
欣赏着一天的工作
01:48
hair on his head, fully in remission,
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他头上的发 重新长了出来
01:51
when he turned to me and he said,
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他走向我 对我说
01:53
"You know, Michael,
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你知道 迈克
01:55
this house saved my life."
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这栋房子救了我
01:58
So the following year, I decided
to go to architecture school.
to go to architecture school.
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所以 第二年 我去了建筑学院
02:04
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
02:05
But there, I learned
something different about buildings.
something different about buildings.
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在那儿 我学到了
关于楼房的很多不同的东西
关于楼房的很多不同的东西
02:09
Recognition seemed to come
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成名似乎都是
02:10
to those who prioritized
novel and sculptural forms,
novel and sculptural forms,
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给那些最先革新和雕塑的形式
02:14
like ribbons, or ...
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比方说缎带 或者是
02:17
pickles?
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腌黄瓜条？
02:18
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
02:22
And I think this
is supposed to be a snail.
is supposed to be a snail.
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但我认为这应该是一个蜗牛
02:26
Something about this bothered me.
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这很让我烦恼
02:28
Why was it that the best architects,
the greatest architecture --
the greatest architecture --
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为什么最好的建筑
最伟大的建筑
最伟大的建筑
02:32
all beautiful and visionary
and innovative --
and innovative --
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全是美丽、创新和标新立异的－－
02:36
is also so rare,
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而且极其罕见
02:38
and seems to serve so very few?
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并且只有少数人能够享受
02:41
And more to the point:
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再加上一点
02:43
With all of this creative talent,
what more could we do?
what more could we do?
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在这些创造性的天分之上
我们还能做些什么呢？
我们还能做些什么呢？
02:48
Just as I was about to start
my final exams,
my final exams,
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就在我要我开始我期末考试的时候
02:50
I decided to take a break
from an all-nighter
from an all-nighter
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我决定从通宵的学习中偷个懒
02:54
and go to a lecture by Dr. Paul Farmer,
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我去了 Paul Farmer医生的一个演讲
02:57
a leading health activist
for the global poor.
for the global poor.
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他是一个健康活动家领袖
为了全球的贫困而努力
为了全球的贫困而努力
03:00
I was surprised to hear a doctor
talking about architecture.
talking about architecture.
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我很惊奇地听到一个医生
03:04
Buildings are making
people sicker, he said,
people sicker, he said,
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谈论到关于楼房令人生病的事情
03:06
and for the poorest in the world,
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他说在全世界最贫困的地方
03:08
this is causing epidemic-level problems.
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这引起了流行病程度上的问题
03:11
In this hospital in South Africa,
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在南非的医院
03:13
patients that came in
with, say, a broken leg,
with, say, a broken leg,
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比如说 一个腿骨折的病人来到医院
03:15
to wait in this unventilated hallway,
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在通风不好的大厅等候
03:18
walked out with a multidrug-resistant
strand of tuberculosis.
strand of tuberculosis.
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就会带着几种抗药性的结核病菌种走出医院
03:23
Simple designs for infection control
had not been thought about,
had not been thought about,
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根本没有想到为控制感染的简单设计
03:26
and people had died because of it.
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人们因此而死亡
03:30
"Where are the architects?" Paul said.
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“建筑师在哪儿呢？”Paul说道
03:33
If hospitals are making people sicker,
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如果一个医院令人们生病
03:35
where are the architects and designers
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那么帮助建筑和设计
那些可以让人痊愈的医院
那些可以让人痊愈的医院
03:37
to help us build and design
hospitals that allow us to heal?
hospitals that allow us to heal?
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的设计师和建筑师又在哪儿呢
03:44
That following summer,
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那个接下来的暑期
03:46
I was in the back of a Land Rover
with a few classmates,
with a few classmates,
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我和几个同学一起开着路虎
03:48
bumping over the mountainous
hillside of Rwanda.
hillside of Rwanda.
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在卢旺达的山岭间穿越颠簸
03:52
For the next year, I'd be living in Butaro
in this old guesthouse,
in this old guesthouse,
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因为来年 我将居住在Butaro
这所老客房内
这所老客房内
03:56
which was a jail after the genocide.
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这是种族屠杀后的一座监狱
04:00
I was there to design and build
a new type of hospital
a new type of hospital
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我在那里与Farmer医生和他的团队
04:04
with Dr. Farmer and his team.
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一起设计和建造一种新型的医院
04:07
If hallways are making patients sicker,
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如果大厅会使病人病情加重
04:10
what if we could design a hospital
that flips the hallways on the outside,
that flips the hallways on the outside,
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那么我们能够设计一种医院可以
把大厅向露天敞开
把大厅向露天敞开
04:13
and makes people walk in the exterior?
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使人们在外面走动
04:16
If mechanical systems rarely work,
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如果机械系统不工作
04:18
what if we could design a hospital
that could breathe
that could breathe
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那么我们是否可以设计一种医院
04:21
through natural ventilation,
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能通过自然通风而呼吸
04:23
and meanwhile reduce
its environmental footprint?
its environmental footprint?
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同时减少它的环境足迹
04:26
And what about the patients' experience?
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还有病人的体验将会怎样呢？
04:28
Evidence shows
that a simple view of nature
that a simple view of nature
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证据显示简单的自然景象
04:31
can radically improve health outcomes,
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能够从根本上提高总体健康
04:33
So why couldn't we design a hospital
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所以为什么我们不能设计一种医院
04:35
where every patient
had a window with a view?
had a window with a view?
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使每位病人有一面窗户
04:38
Simple, site-specific designs
can make a hospital that heals.
can make a hospital that heals.
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简单、特定的设计能建造一个治愈的医院
04:44
Designing it is one thing;
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设计是一件事
04:46
getting it built, we learned,
is quite another.
is quite another.
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建造它 是另一件事
04:49
We worked with Bruce Nizeye,
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我们跟Bruce Nizeye一起工作
04:52
a brilliant engineer,
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他是一个非常了不起的工程师
04:53
and he thought about
construction differently
construction differently
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对于建筑 他对我从学校学来的那一套
04:56
than I had been taught in school.
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有不同的看法
04:58
When we had to excavate
this enormous hilltop
this enormous hilltop
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当我们必须在这个巨大的山顶挖掘的时候
05:00
and a bulldozer was expensive
and hard to get to site,
and hard to get to site,
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推土机的消费昂贵而且难以到达那里
05:03
Bruce suggested doing it by hand,
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Bruce建议用双手来解决
05:06
using a method in Rwanda called "Ubudehe,"
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借助在卢旺达叫做“Ubedehe（愚公移山）”的方法
05:10
which means "community works
for the community."
for the community."
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叫做“社区工作为社区服务”
05:13
Hundreds of people came
with shovels and hoes,
with shovels and hoes,
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几百人带着铁锹和锄头来到现场
05:17
and we excavated that hill
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我们用了一半的时间
05:18
in half the time and half
the cost of that bulldozer.
the cost of that bulldozer.
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和一半的推土机的费用而挖掘了山顶
05:23
Instead of importing furniture,
Bruce started a guild,
Bruce started a guild,
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Bruce带来了木匠大师
05:26
and he brought in
master carpenters to train others
master carpenters to train others
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让他们来给其他人面授机宜
05:28
in how to make furniture by hand.
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教导如何在现场手工做家具
05:30
And on this job site,
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所以 我们就不用进口家具了
05:32
15 years after the Rwandan genocide,
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在卢旺达人的种族灭绝15年后
05:36
Bruce insisted that we bring on
labor from all backgrounds,
labor from all backgrounds,
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Bruce坚持我们需要各种背景的劳动者
05:39
and that half of them be women.
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其中一半是女人
05:42
Bruce was using
the process of building to heal,
the process of building to heal,
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Bruce利用建筑来治疗
05:44
not just for those who were sick,
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不仅是为那些病人
05:46
but for the entire community as a whole.
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而且是把整个社区团结起来
05:51
We call this the locally fabricated
way of building, or "lo-fab,"
way of building, or "lo-fab,"
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我们把这个叫做
当地人赤手空拳的建筑
当地人赤手空拳的建筑
05:55
and it has four pillars:
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或者是“当地－奇迹“
它有四根立柱
它有四根立柱
05:58
hire locally,
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从当地雇佣的工人
06:00
source regionally,
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就地取材
06:02
train where you can
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训练学徒
06:03
and most importantly,
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而最重要的
06:05
think about every design decision
as an opportunity
as an opportunity
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想想每个设计的决策是一个机会
06:08
to invest in the dignity
of the places where you serve.
of the places where you serve.
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给你所服务的地方高贵的投资
06:13
Think of it like the local food movement,
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把它作为当地的食品运动
06:16
but for architecture.
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对建筑来说
06:17
And we're convinced
that this way of building
that this way of building
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我们有理由认为这种建筑
06:19
can be replicated across the world,
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可以在全世界翻版再建
06:21
and change the way we talk about
and evaluate architecture.
and evaluate architecture.
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改变我们所说的评估构架
06:27
Using the lo-fab way of building,
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利用“当地奇迹”的办法来建造楼房
06:29
even aesthetic decisions
can be designed to impact people's lives.
can be designed to impact people's lives.
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即使审美决定的设计
也能对人们的生活产生影响
也能对人们的生活产生影响
06:33
In Butaro, we chose to use
a local volcanic stone
a local volcanic stone
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在Butaro 我们选择利用当地的火山石
06:36
found in abundance within the area,
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在那个区域里资源非常充足
06:38
but often considered
a nuisance by farmers,
a nuisance by farmers,
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而且通常被当地农人看作是很讨厌的
06:40
and piled on the side of the road.
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堆砌在路边
06:42
We worked with these masons
to cut these stones
to cut these stones
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我们跟这些泥瓦匠切割这些石块
06:45
and form them into the walls
of the hospital.
of the hospital.
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让它们做医院的墙
06:48
And when they began on this corner
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当它们从这里开始
06:50
and wrapped around the entire hospital,
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环绕了整个医院
06:54
they were so good at putting
these stones together,
these stones together,
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这些石块放在一起非常好
06:56
they asked us if they could take down
the original wall and rebuild it.
the original wall and rebuild it.
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他们问我们是否能够拆掉原来的
重新建立一个
重新建立一个
07:00
And you see what is possible.
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你可以看见什么是可能的
07:03
It's beautiful.
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它很美
07:05
And the beauty, to me,
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对我来说 这个美人
07:07
comes from the fact that I know
that hands cut these stones,
that hands cut these stones,
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是来自手工切割的那些石块儿
07:11
and they formed them into this thick wall,
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他们把它们嵌进了这堵厚墙
07:14
made only in this place
with rocks from this soil.
with rocks from this soil.
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只是在此地利用了来自这片土壤的石块儿
07:20
When you go outside today
and you look at your built world,
and you look at your built world,
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现在 当你到了外面
看看你建造的这个世界
看看你建造的这个世界
07:24
ask not only:
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不仅要问
07:26
"What is the environmental footprint?" --
an important question --
an important question --
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一个重要的问题
“什么是环境的足迹“
“什么是环境的足迹“
07:29
but what if we also asked,
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我们同时也会问
07:30
"What is the human handprint
of those who made it?"
of those who made it?"
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”建造它的人类的手印又是什么呢？“
07:35
We started a new practice
based around these questions,
based around these questions,
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我们根据这些问题开始了一个新的练习
07:39
and we tested it around the world.
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我们在全世界做了试验
07:42
Like in Haiti,
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像在海地
07:43
where we asked if a new hospital
could help end the epidemic of cholera.
could help end the epidemic of cholera.
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我们在问一坐新医院
是否会给霍乱的流行划上句号
是否会给霍乱的流行划上句号
07:48
In this 100-bed hospital,
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在这个100张床位的病房里
07:50
we designed a simple strategy
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我们设计了一个简单的策略
07:52
to clean contaminated medical waste
before it enters the water table,
before it enters the water table,
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来清除污染的医疗废品
在它进入水源之前
在它进入水源之前
07:56
and our partners at Les Centres GHESKIO
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而我们在 Les Centres GHESKIO的合作伙伴
07:58
are already saving lives because of it.
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已经为此拯救了不少的生命
08:01
Or Malawi:
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或者在Malawi:
08:02
we asked if a birthing center
could radically reduce
could radically reduce
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我们会问是否接生中心会从根本上
08:05
maternal and infant mortality.
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减少母婴的死亡率
08:07
Malawi has one of the highest rates
of maternal and infant death
of maternal and infant death
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Malawi有着世界上
08:11
in the world.
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最高的母婴死亡率
08:12
Using a simple strategy
to be replicated nationally,
to be replicated nationally,
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利用一个简单的策略来做到
08:15
we designed a birthing center
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我们设计了一个接生中心
08:18
that would attract women
and their attendants
and their attendants
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吸引女人和她们的同伴
08:20
to come to the hospital earlier
and therefore have safer births.
and therefore have safer births.
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早些来到医院
因此而有着较为安全的分娩
因此而有着较为安全的分娩
08:24
Or in the Congo, where we asked
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或者在Congo，我们会问
08:26
if an educational center
could also be used
could also be used
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是否可以有一个教育中心
08:28
to protect endangered wildlife.
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来用以保护处于灭绝的野生动物
08:30
Poaching for ivory and bushmeat
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偷猎象牙和野兽肉
08:32
is leading to global epidemic,
disease transfer and war.
disease transfer and war.
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会导致全球流行病的传染和战争
08:35
In one of the hardest-to-reach
places in the world,
places in the world,
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在这个世界上最难以企及的一个地方
08:39
we used the mud and the dirt
and the wood around us
and the wood around us
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我们利用了泥巴 尘土和周围的木头
08:42
to construct a center
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建造了一个中心
08:43
that would show us ways to protect
and conserve our rich biodiversity.
and conserve our rich biodiversity.
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像我们显示了
保留我们丰富的生物多样性的方法
保留我们丰富的生物多样性的方法
08:49
Even here in the US,
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即便是在美国
08:51
we were asked to rethink
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我们被要求重新思考
08:52
the largest university for the deaf
and hard of hearing in the world.
and hard of hearing in the world.
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世界上最大的聋哑大学
08:56
The deaf community, through sign language,
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聋人社区 通过手势语言
08:59
shows us the power
of visual communication.
of visual communication.
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像我们展示视觉交流的力量
09:01
We designed a campus
that would awaken the ways
that would awaken the ways
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我们设计了一个校园
09:03
in which we as humans all communicate,
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可以唤醒人们作为一个整体而交流
09:05
both verbally and nonverbally.
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以语言或非语言的方式
09:09
And even in Poughkeepsie, my hometown,
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即使在我的家乡Poughkeepsie
09:12
we thought about old
industrial infrastructure.
industrial infrastructure.
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我们想到古老的工业基础设施
09:16
We wondered:
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我们疑惑
09:17
Could we use arts and culture
and design to revitalize this city
and design to revitalize this city
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我们能用艺术文化和设计来振兴这个城市吗
09:22
and other Rust Belt cities
across our nation,
across our nation,
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还有全国其它一些老旧的条带式城市
09:24
and turn them into centers
for innovation and growth?
for innovation and growth?
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能把她们变成革新和成长的中心吗？
09:28
In each of these projects,
we asked a simple question:
we asked a simple question:
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我们在每个项目上都询问一个简单的问题
09:32
What more can architecture do?
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建筑师还能够多做些什么？
09:34
And by asking that question,
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通过这个问题
09:36
we were forced to consider
how we could create jobs,
how we could create jobs,
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我们被迫地考虑到我们怎样来完成工作
09:40
how we could source regionally
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怎样就地取材
09:42
and how we could invest
in the dignity of the communities
in the dignity of the communities
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怎样在我们所服务的社区
09:46
in which we serve.
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有尊严地投资
09:47
I have learned
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我已经学到了
09:49
that architecture can be
a transformative engine for change.
a transformative engine for change.
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建筑可成为变化的转变性引擎
09:57
About a year ago, I read an article
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一年以前 我读过一篇文章
10:00
about a tireless and intrepid
civil rights leader
civil rights leader
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是关于一位孜孜不倦的勇敢的民运领袖
10:05
named Bryan Stevenson.
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他叫Bryan Stevenson
10:08
(Applause)
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（鼓掌）
10:14
And Bryan had a bold architectural vision.
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Bryan有一个大胆的建筑观点
10:17
He and his team had been documenting
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他和他的队友们已经记录了
10:20
the over 4,000 lynchings
of African Americans
of African Americans
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在南美发生的
10:24
that have happened in the American South.
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超过4000例的美国非裔的私刑案例
10:26
And they had a plan to mark every county
where these lynchings occurred,
where these lynchings occurred,
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他们计划标记下这些私刑发生的每一个区县
10:31
and build a national memorial
to the victims of lynching
to the victims of lynching
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他们在阿拉巴马的蒙哥马利
10:35
in Montgomery, Alabama.
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为私刑的牺牲者建立了一个国家纪念馆
10:37
Countries like Germany and South Africa
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像德国和南非
10:41
and, of course, Rwanda,
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当然还有卢旺达
10:43
have found it necessary to build memorials
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我们发现有必要建立一个纪念馆
10:46
to reflect on the atrocities
of their past,
of their past,
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来折射他们过去的暴行
10:49
in order to heal their national psyche.
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以便从心理上获得全国性的治愈
10:52
We have yet to do this
in the United States.
in the United States.
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我们在美国也要这样做
10:56
So I sent a cold email
to info@equaljusticeintiative.org:
to info@equaljusticeintiative.org:
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所以我发出了一个邮件到
info@equaljusticeintiative.org:
info@equaljusticeintiative.org:
11:03
"Dear Bryan," it said,
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邮件上说：“亲爱的Bryan“
11:06
"I think your building project
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“我以为你的建筑项目
11:07
is maybe the most important
project we could do in America
project we could do in America
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也许是我们在美国能做到的最好的
11:10
and could change the way
we think about racial injustice.
we think about racial injustice.
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而且它能改变我们所认为的种族不平等
11:14
By any chance,
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顺便问一句
11:16
do you know who will design it?"
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你知道谁去设计这个建筑呢？“
11:18
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
11:20
Surprisingly, shockingly,
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令人吃惊的是
11:23
Bryan got right back to me,
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Bryan马上回了我的邮件
11:24
and invited me down to meet
with his team and talk to them.
with his team and talk to them.
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并且邀请我去跟他的团队见面和谈话
11:28
Needless to say,
I canceled all my meetings
I canceled all my meetings
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不用说 我取消了自己所有的会议
11:30
and I jumped on a plane
to Montgomery, Alabama.
to Montgomery, Alabama.
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直飞阿拉巴马的蒙哥马利
11:33
When I got there,
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当我到达那里以后
11:34
Bryan and his team picked me up,
and we walked around the city.
and we walked around the city.
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Bryan和他的团队接我去参观了城市
11:38
And they took the time to point out
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他们花了一番时间指出
11:40
the many markers that have
been placed all over the city
been placed all over the city
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在全市所置放的
11:43
to the history of the Confederacy,
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很多关于南部联邦历史的标记
11:46
and the very few that mark
the history of slavery.
the history of slavery.
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没有几个标记是关于奴隶的
11:50
And then he walked me to a hill.
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然后他带我走上一个山坡
11:52
It overlooked the whole city.
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可以俯瞰整个城市
11:54
He pointed out the river
and the train tracks
and the train tracks
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他指给我看一条河和某些火车道
11:57
where the largest domestic
slave-trading port in America
slave-trading port in America
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曾经是美国国内最大的奴隶交易港口
11:59
had once prospered.
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一度非常繁荣
12:01
And then to the Capitol rotunda,
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然后我们到了国会圆顶大厦
12:02
where George Wallace
had stood on its steps
had stood on its steps
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乔治华莱士曾经站在它的阶梯上宣称
12:04
and proclaimed, "Segregation forever."
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“永远隔离”
12:08
And then to the very hill below us.
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然后我们到了丘陵下面
12:10
He said, "Here we will build
a new memorial
a new memorial
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他说 “我们会建立一个新的纪念馆
12:13
that will change the identity
of this city and of this nation."
of this city and of this nation."
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这将改变这座城市和这个国家的面目
12:18
Our two teams have worked
together over the last year
together over the last year
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我们两个团队去年在一起工作
12:22
to design this memorial.
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并设计了这个纪念馆
12:27
The memorial will take us on a journey
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这个纪念馆会带领我们走上一个旅途
12:30
through a classical,
almost familiar building type,
almost familiar building type,
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通过一个古典的
几近熟悉的建筑类型
几近熟悉的建筑类型
12:33
like the Parthenon
or the colonnade at the Vatican.
or the colonnade at the Vatican.
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像帕台农神庙或在梵蒂冈的柱廊
12:38
But as we enter,
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但当我们进入的时候
12:40
the ground drops below us
and our perception shifts,
and our perception shifts,
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地面下降，我们的视界更换了
12:44
where we realize that these columns
evoke the lynchings,
evoke the lynchings,
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我们意识到这些柱子唤起
12:48
which happened in the public square.
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在公共广场发生的私刑
12:51
And as we continue,
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当我们继续的时候
12:52
we begin to understand the vast number
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我们开始明白数目巨大的这一部分人
12:55
of those who have yet to be put to rest.
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已经置于安息
12:58
Their names will be engraved
on the markers that hang above us.
on the markers that hang above us.
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他们的名字会刻在我们上面的这些标记
13:04
And just outside will be a field
of identical columns.
of identical columns.
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而在外面 也会有相同的柱子
13:08
But these are temporary columns,
waiting in purgatory,
waiting in purgatory,
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但这些是临时的 等候着
13:12
to be placed in the very counties
where these lynchings occurred.
where these lynchings occurred.
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今后几年
13:18
Over the next few years,
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在那些私刑发生的区县
13:20
this site will bear witness,
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尚在炼狱中的未明之人
13:23
as each of these markers is claimed
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就像每个标记宣称的
13:25
and visibly placed in those counties.
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在这些国家有目共睹的
13:28
Our nation will begin to heal
from over a century of silence.
from over a century of silence.
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我们的国家将开始从世纪的沉默得到疗愈
13:35
When we think about
how it should be built,
how it should be built,
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当我们考虑怎样来建造它
13:37
we were reminded of Ubudehe,
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我们想起了“卢旺达人的愚公移山”
13:40
the building process
we learned about in Rwanda.
we learned about in Rwanda.
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我们开始了在卢旺达的那种建筑程序
13:43
We wondered if we could fill
those very columns
those very columns
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我们疑惑是否我们能够
13:46
with the soil from the sites
of where these killings occurred.
of where these killings occurred.
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用私刑发生的当地的泥土来填充这些柱子
13:51
Brian and his team have begun
collecting that soil
collecting that soil
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Bryan和他的团队已经开始搜集了那些泥土
13:54
and preserving it in individual jars
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并且保存在瓶罐之中
13:57
with family members, community
leaders and descendants.
leaders and descendants.
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和他们的家庭成员 社区领袖和子孙后代们在一起
14:01
The act of collecting soil itself
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搜集泥土的行为本身
14:06
has lead to a type of spiritual healing.
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就带来了某种精神的疗愈
14:09
It's an act of restorative justice.
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这是某种回顾性的司法
14:12
As one EJI team member noted
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就像一个Eji队员
14:15
in the collection of the soil
from where Will McBride was lynched,
from where Will McBride was lynched,
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在 Will McBride 的私刑处
的泥土搜集过程中记下来的
的泥土搜集过程中记下来的
14:20
"If Will McBride left one drop of sweat,
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“如果Will McBride留下了一滴汗
14:23
one drop of blood,
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一滴血
14:25
one hair follicle --
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一根头发
14:26
I pray that I dug it up,
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我祈祷我会将它挖掘出来
14:28
and that his whole body
would be at peace."
would be at peace."
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那么他的整个身体将会安息
14:34
We plan to break ground
on this memorial later this year,
on this memorial later this year,
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我们计划在今年后半年将纪念馆破土动工
14:37
and it will be a place to finally speak
of the unspeakable acts
of the unspeakable acts
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它将是一个最终能够诉说不可说的行为
14:42
that have scarred this nation.
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而这个行为使这个国家伤痕累累
14:46
(Applause)
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（鼓掌）
14:57
When my father told me
that day that this house --
that day that this house --
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当我的父亲在那天告诉我这座房子
15:00
our house --
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我们的房子－－
15:01
had saved his life,
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挽救了他的生命
15:03
what I didn't know
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那时我还不知道
15:05
was that he was referring
to a much deeper relationship
to a much deeper relationship
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他指的是我们和建筑之间
15:08
between architecture and ourselves.
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有着深深的联系
15:11
Buildings are not simply
expressive sculptures.
expressive sculptures.
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建筑不仅仅是一座表达性的雕像
15:15
They make visible our personal
and our collective aspirations
and our collective aspirations
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它让我们个人和集体的愿望
15:19
as a society.
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浮现于社会
15:21
Great architecture can give us hope.
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伟大的建筑能给我们希望
15:25
Great architecture can heal.
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伟大的建筑能够疗愈创伤
15:28
Thank you very much.
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非常感谢大家
15:29
(Applause)
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（鼓掌）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Michael Murphy - DesignerAs co-founder and CEO of MASS Design Group, Michael Murphy envisions and creates community-centric structures with healing built into their core.
Why you should listen
Michael Murphy is the executive director of MASS Design Group. He spearheads MASS' research and design programs and has helped expand the firm into ten countries and three continents.
Murphy led the design and construction of MASS's first project, the Butaro Hospital in Rwanda, which opened in 2011. The award-winning hospital established the MASS blueprint: immersive study of each location for its challenges and advantages, design of buildings that will improve the well-being of patients and communities, low-impact and environmentally sensitive construction that enriches the community, and evaluation of each design’s impact in improving lives.
Michael Murphy | Speaker | TED.com