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Victor Rios: Help for kids the education system ignores
Viktor Rios (Victor Rios): Pomoć za decu koju obrazovni sistem ignoriše
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Definišite decu po onome čime doprinose, a ne po tome šta im nedostaje - naročito one komplikovanog porekla, kaže nastavnik Viktor Rios. Preplićući svoju ličnu priču o istrajnosti, kao mladić iz unutrašnjosti, Rios otkriva tri direktne strategije kako da se preokrene pristup obrazovanju i poziva kolege nastavnike da na "rizične" đake gledaju kao na pojedince koji "obećavaju" jer su ispunjeni otpornošću, karakterom i odlučnošću.
Victor Rios - Educator, author
Victor Rios seeks to uncover how to best support the lives of young people who experience poverty, stigma and social exclusion. Full bio
Victor Rios seeks to uncover how to best support the lives of young people who experience poverty, stigma and social exclusion. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
For over a decade,
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Duže od decenije
00:14
I have studied young people
that have been pushed out of school,
that have been pushed out of school,
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sam izučavao mlade ljude
koji su isterani iz škola,
koji su isterani iz škola,
00:19
so called "dropouts."
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takozvane "ispisane".
00:22
As they end up failed
by the education system,
by the education system,
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Kako ih je obrazovni sistem izneverio,
00:25
they're on the streets
where they're vulnerable to violence,
where they're vulnerable to violence,
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završavaju na ulicama
gde su podložni nasilju,
gde su podložni nasilju,
00:29
police harassment,
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policijskom maltretiranju,
00:30
police brutality
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policijskoj brutalnosti
00:32
and incarceration.
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i zatvoru.
00:34
I follow these young people
for years at a time,
for years at a time,
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Pratim ove mlade ljude
ponekad godinama,
ponekad godinama,
00:38
across institutional settings,
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u institucionalnim okruženjima,
00:41
to try to understand what some of us call
the "school-to-prison pipeline."
the "school-to-prison pipeline."
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kako bih pokušao da shvatim ono
što neki zovu "put od škole do zatvora".
što neki zovu "put od škole do zatvora".
00:48
When you look at a picture like this,
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Kad pogledate ovakvu sliku,
00:50
of young people who are in my study ...
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maldih ljudi koje izučavam...
00:55
you might see trouble.
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možda vidite nevolje.
00:56
I mean one of the boys
has a bottle of liquor in his hand,
has a bottle of liquor in his hand,
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Mislim, jedan od dečaka
drži flašu pića u ruci,
drži flašu pića u ruci,
01:01
he's 14 years old
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ima 14 godina
01:03
and it's a school day.
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i školski je dan.
01:05
Other people, when they see this picture,
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Drugi ljudi kad vide ovu sliku
01:07
might see gangs,
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možda vide bande,
01:10
thugs, delinquents --
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nasilnike, delinkvente -
01:12
criminals.
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kriminalce.
01:13
But I see it different.
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Međutim, ja to vidim drugačije.
01:16
I see these young people
through a perspective
through a perspective
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Vidim ove mlade ljude kroz perspektivu
01:19
that looks at the assets
that they bring to the education system.
that they bring to the education system.
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koja traga za doprinosima
koje donose obrazovnom sistemu.
koje donose obrazovnom sistemu.
01:24
So will you join me in changing
the way we label young people
the way we label young people
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Pa, hoćete li da mi se pridružite
u menjanju toga kako označavamo mlade
u menjanju toga kako označavamo mlade
01:29
from "at-risk" to "at-promise?"
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od "rizičnih" do "obećavajućih"?
01:34
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
01:41
How do I know that these young people
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Kako da znam da ovi mladi ljudi
01:43
have the potential
and the promise to change?
and the promise to change?
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imaju potencijal i obećavaju promene?
01:47
I know this because I am one of them.
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Znam jer sam jedan od njih.
01:50
You see, I grew up
in dire poverty in the inner city,
in dire poverty in the inner city,
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Vidite, odrastao sam u strašnom siromaštvu
u gradu u unutrašnjosti,
u gradu u unutrašnjosti,
01:55
without a father --
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bez oca -
01:56
he abandoned me before I was even born.
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napustio me je pre mog rođenja.
01:59
We were on welfare,
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Primali smo socijalnu pomoć,
02:01
sometimes homeless,
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ponekad smo bili beskućnici,
02:02
many times hungry.
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mnogo puta gladni.
02:04
By the time I was 15 years old,
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Do svoje 15. godine,
02:07
I had been incarcerated in juvy
three times for three felonies.
three times for three felonies.
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bio sam u popravnom
tri puta zbog tri prekršaja.
tri puta zbog tri prekršaja.
02:12
My best friend had already been killed.
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Najbolji prijatelj mi je već bio ubijen.
02:15
And soon after,
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I uskoro potom,
02:17
while I'm standing next to my uncle,
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dok sam stajao pored ujaka,
02:19
he gets shot.
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on je upucan.
02:21
And as I'm waiting
for the ambulance to arrive
for the ambulance to arrive
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I dok sam čekao hitnu da stigne
02:24
for over an hour ...
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duže od jednog sata...
02:28
he bleeds to death on the street.
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on je iskrvario na ulici.
02:32
I had lost faith and hope in the world,
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Izgubio sam veru i nadu u svet,
02:36
and I had given up on the system
because the system had failed me.
because the system had failed me.
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i digao sam ruke od sistema
jer me je sistem izneverio.
jer me je sistem izneverio.
02:40
I had nothing to offer
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Nisam imao šta da ponudim
02:42
and no one had anything to offer me.
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i niko nije imao šta da meni ponudi.
02:47
I was fatalistic.
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Bio sam fatalista.
02:48
I didn't even think
I could make it to my 18th birthday.
I could make it to my 18th birthday.
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Nisam čak ni smatrao
da ću doživeti 18. rođendan.
da ću doživeti 18. rođendan.
02:52
The reason I'm here today
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Razlog zašto sam danas ovde
02:54
is because a teacher
that cared reached out
that cared reached out
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je jer je nastavnica,
koju je bilo briga, posegnula za mnom
koju je bilo briga, posegnula za mnom
02:59
and managed to tap into my soul.
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i uspela je da dosegne moju dušu.
03:03
This teacher,
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Ova nastavnica,
03:04
Ms. Russ ...
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Gđa Ras...
03:07
she was the kind of teacher
that was always in your business.
that was always in your business.
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bila je onaj tip nastavnika
koji se uvek meša u vaš posao.
koji se uvek meša u vaš posao.
03:12
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
03:14
She was the kind of teacher that was like,
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Bila je tip nastavnika u fazonu:
03:16
"Victor, I'm here for you
whenever you're ready."
whenever you're ready."
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"Viktore, tu sam za tebe
kad god budeš spreman."
kad god budeš spreman."
03:19
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
03:21
I wasn't ready.
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Nisam bio spreman.
03:23
But she understood one basic principle
about young people like me.
about young people like me.
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Ali je razumela osnovni princip
kod mladih poput mene.
kod mladih poput mene.
03:27
We're like oysters.
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Mi smo poput ostriga.
03:29
We're only going to open up
when we're ready,
when we're ready,
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Jedino ćemo se otvoriti
kad budemo spremni,
kad budemo spremni,
03:32
and if you're not there when we're ready,
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a ako niste tu kad smo spremni,
03:35
we're going to clam back up.
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opet ćemo se sklopiti.
03:38
Ms. Russ was there for me.
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Gđa Ras je bila tu za mene.
03:40
She was culturally relevant,
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Imala je razumevanja za kulturu,
03:42
she respected my community,
my people, my family.
my people, my family.
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poštovala je moju zajednicu,
moje ljude, moju porodicu.
moje ljude, moju porodicu.
03:46
I told her a story about my Uncle Ruben.
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Ispričao sam joj za mog ujaka Rubena.
03:50
He would take me to work with him
because I was broke,
because I was broke,
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Vodio bi me da radim s njim
jer sam bio švorc,
jer sam bio švorc,
03:52
and he knew I needed some money.
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a on je znao da mi je potreban novac.
03:54
He collected glass bottles for a living.
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Sakupljao je staklene flaše za novac.
03:58
Four in the morning on a school day,
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U četiri sata ujutru na radni dan,
04:00
we'd throw the glass bottles
in the back of his van,
in the back of his van,
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ubacivali smo staklene flaše
u njegov kombi,
u njegov kombi,
04:03
and the bottles would break.
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a flaše su se lomile.
04:05
And my hands and arms would start to bleed
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I moje šake i ruke bi krvarile,
04:07
and my tennis shoes and pants
would get all bloody.
would get all bloody.
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i moje patike i pantalone
bi bile natopljene krvlju.
bi bile natopljene krvlju.
04:12
And I was terrified and in pain,
and I would stop working.
and I would stop working.
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Bio sam preplašen i u bolovima,
te bih prestao da radim.
te bih prestao da radim.
04:16
And my uncle, he would look me in the eyes
and he would say to me,
and he would say to me,
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A moj ujak bi me pogledao u oči
i rekao bi mi:
i rekao bi mi:
04:20
"Mijo,
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"Mijo,
04:21
estamos buscando vida."
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estamos buscando vida."
04:25
"We're searching for a better life,
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"Tragamo za boljim životom,
04:27
we're trying to make
something out of nothing."
something out of nothing."
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pokušavamo da iz ničega stvorimo nešto."
04:32
Ms. Russ listened to my story,
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Gđa Ras je poslušala moju priču,
04:35
welcomed it into the classroom and said,
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napravila mesta za nju u učionici i rekla:
04:38
"Victor, this is your power.
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"Viktore, ovo je tvoja snaga.
04:40
This is your potential.
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Ovo je tvoj potencijal.
04:42
Your family, your culture, your community
have taught you a hard-work ethic
have taught you a hard-work ethic
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Tvoja porodica, kultura, zajednica
su te naučili etici vrednog rada
su te naučili etici vrednog rada
04:48
and you will use it to empower
yourself in the academic world
yourself in the academic world
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i ti ćeš je koristiti da osnažiš
sebe u akademskom svetu,
sebe u akademskom svetu,
04:53
so you can come back
and empower your community."
and empower your community."
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kako bi mogao da se vratiš
i osnažiš svoju zajednicu."
i osnažiš svoju zajednicu."
04:58
With Ms. Russ's help,
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Uz pomoć gđe Ras,
05:00
I ended up returning to school.
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na kraju sam se vratio u školu.
05:03
I even finished my credits on time
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Čak sam i dobio sve ocene na vreme
05:07
and graduated with my class.
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i maturirao sam sa odeljenjem.
05:10
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
05:17
But Ms. Russ said to me
right before graduation,
right before graduation,
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No gđa Ras mi je rekla
neposredno pred maturu:
neposredno pred maturu:
05:20
"Victor, I'm so proud of you.
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"Viktore, tako sam ponosna na tebe.
05:23
I knew you could do it.
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Znala sam da to možeš.
05:25
Now it's time to go to college."
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Sad je vreme da ideš na fakultet."
05:28
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
05:31
College, me?
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Na fakultet, ja?
05:32
Man, what is this teacher smoking
thinking I'm going to college?
thinking I'm going to college?
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Čoveče, na čemu je ova nastavnica
kad misli da ću ići na fakultet?
kad misli da ću ići na fakultet?
05:36
I applied with the mentors
and support she provided,
and support she provided,
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Aplicirao sam kod mentora,
uz njenu pomoć,
uz njenu pomoć,
05:40
got a letter of acceptance,
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dobio pismo da sam primljen,
05:43
and one of the paragraphs read,
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a u jednom od paragrafa je stajalo:
05:45
"You've been admitted
under probationary status."
under probationary status."
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"Primljeni ste sa uslovnim statusom."
05:49
I said, "Probation?
I'm already on probation,
I'm already on probation,
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Rekao sam: "Uslovno?
Ja sam već na uslovnoj,
Ja sam već na uslovnoj,
05:51
that don't matter?"
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to nije važno?"
05:53
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
05:54
It was academic probation,
not criminal probation.
not criminal probation.
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Bila je to akademska uslovna,
ne kriminalna uslovna.
ne kriminalna uslovna.
05:59
But what do teachers like Ms. Russ
do to succeed with young people
do to succeed with young people
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Ali šta nastavnici, poput gđe Ras,
rade da imaju uspeha kod mladih
rade da imaju uspeha kod mladih
06:03
like the ones I study?
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poput onih koje proučavam?
06:05
I propose three strategies.
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Predlažem tri strategije.
06:07
The first:
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Prva:
06:08
let's get rid of our
deficit perspective in education.
deficit perspective in education.
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otarasimo se
deficitne perspektive u obrazovanju.
deficitne perspektive u obrazovanju.
06:12
"These people
come from a culture of violence,
come from a culture of violence,
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"Ovi ljudi potiču iz kulture nasilja.
06:15
a culture of poverty.
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kulture siromaštva.
06:16
These people are at-risk;
these people are truant.
these people are truant.
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Ovi ljudi su rizični,
ovi ljudi ne dolaze u školu.
ovi ljudi ne dolaze u školu.
06:18
These people are empty containers
for us to fill with knowledge.
for us to fill with knowledge.
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Ovi ljudi su prazne posude
koje mi treba da ispunimo znanjem.
koje mi treba da ispunimo znanjem.
06:25
They have the problems,
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Oni imaju probleme,
06:26
we have the solutions."
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mi imamo rešenja."
06:30
Number two.
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Druga strategija.
06:31
Let's value the stories that young people
bring to the schoolhouse.
bring to the schoolhouse.
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Cenimo priče koje mladi ljudi
donose u škole.
donose u škole.
06:37
Their stories of overcoming
insurmountable odds are so powerful.
insurmountable odds are so powerful.
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Njihove priče o prevazilaženju
nepremostivih prepreka su snažne.
nepremostivih prepreka su snažne.
06:43
And I know you know some of these stories.
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I znam da znate neke od tih priča.
06:48
These very same stories and experiences
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Same ove priče i iskustva
06:52
already have grit, character
and resilience in them.
and resilience in them.
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u sebi već sadrže
odlučnost, karakter i otpornost.
odlučnost, karakter i otpornost.
06:57
So let's help young people
refine those stories.
refine those stories.
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Zato pomozimo mladim ljudima
da rafinišu te priče.
da rafinišu te priče.
07:00
Let's help them be proud of who they are,
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Pomozimo im da budu ponosni na sebe
07:02
because our education system
welcomes their families, their cultures,
welcomes their families, their cultures,
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jer naš obrazovni sistem
prihvata njihove porodice, kulturu,
prihvata njihove porodice, kulturu,
07:06
their communities
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njihove zajednice
07:08
and the skill set
they've learned to survive.
they've learned to survive.
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i skup veština
koje su stekli da bi preživeli.
koje su stekli da bi preživeli.
07:11
And of course the third strategy
being the most important:
being the most important:
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A treća strategija je najvažnija:
07:15
resources.
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resursi.
07:17
We have to provide
adequate resources to young people.
adequate resources to young people.
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Moramo da obezbedimo
odgovarajuće resurse za mlade.
odgovarajuće resurse za mlade.
07:22
Grit alone isn't going to cut it.
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Sama odlučnost neće biti dovoljna.
07:26
You can sit there
and tell me all you want,
and tell me all you want,
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Možete da sedite tu
i da mi iznova ponavljate:
i da mi iznova ponavljate:
07:28
"Hey man, pick yourself up
by the bootstraps."
by the bootstraps."
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"Slušaj, čoveče, uspravi se
uz pomoć petlji na čizmama."
uz pomoć petlji na čizmama."
07:31
But if I was born
without any straps on my boots --
without any straps on my boots --
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Ali ja sam rođen bez petlji na čizmama -
07:34
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
07:35
How am I supposed to pick myself up?
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Kako da se uspravim?
07:37
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
07:45
Job training,
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Obuka za posao,
07:46
mentoring,
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mentorstvo,
07:48
counseling ...
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savetovanja...
07:49
Teaching young people
to learn from their mistakes
to learn from their mistakes
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Podučavanje mladih
da uče na sopstvenim greškama,
da uče na sopstvenim greškama,
07:52
instead of criminalizing them,
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umesto što ih kriminalizujemo
07:54
and dragging them out
of their classrooms like animals.
of their classrooms like animals.
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i izvlačimo iz učionica
kao da su životinje.
kao da su životinje.
07:59
How about this?
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Šta mislite o ovome?
08:00
I propose that we implement restorative
justice in every high school in America.
justice in every high school in America.
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Predlažem da uvedemo restorativnu pravdu
u svaku srednju školu u Americi.
u svaku srednju školu u Americi.
08:06
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
08:13
So we went out to test these ideas
in the community of Watts in LA
in the community of Watts in LA
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Pa smo krenuli da testiramo ove ideje
u zajednici Vots u Los Anđelesu
u zajednici Vots u Los Anđelesu
08:19
with 40 young people
that had been pushed out of school.
that had been pushed out of school.
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na 40 mladih ljudi
koji su bili primorani da napuste školu.
koji su bili primorani da napuste školu.
08:22
William was one of them.
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Vilijam je bio jedan od njih.
08:24
William was the kind of kid
that had been given every label.
that had been given every label.
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Vilijam je bio jedno od dece
koje je etiketirano na sve načine.
koje je etiketirano na sve načine.
08:28
He had dropped out, he was a gang member,
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Ispisao se iz škole, bio je član bande,
08:32
a criminal.
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kriminalac.
08:34
And when we met him he was very resistant.
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A kad smo ga upoznali, uporno se opirao.
08:36
But I remember what Ms. Russ used to say.
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Ali sam se sećao šta je gđa Ras govorila:
08:39
"Hey, I'm here for you
whenever you're ready."
whenever you're ready."
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"Hej, tu sam za tebe,
kad god budeš spreman."
kad god budeš spreman."
08:42
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
08:44
So over time --
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Te je vremenom -
08:46
over time he began to open up.
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vremenom je počeo da se otvara.
08:48
And I remember the day
that he made the switch.
that he made the switch.
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I sećam se dana kad je došlo do preokreta.
08:51
We were in a large group
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Bili smo u velikoj grupi,
08:53
and a young lady in our program was crying
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a mlada dama iz našeg programa je plakala
08:56
because she told us her powerful story
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jer nam je ispričala svoju snažnu priču
09:00
of her dad being killed
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o tome kako joj je otac ubijen
09:03
and then his body being shown
in the newspaper the next day.
in the newspaper the next day.
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i telo mu je prikazano
narednog dana u novinama.
narednog dana u novinama.
09:11
And as she's crying,
I don't know what to do,
I don't know what to do,
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I dok je ona plakala,
nisam znao šta da radim,
nisam znao šta da radim,
09:14
so I give her her space,
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pa sam je pustio na miru,
09:15
and William had enough.
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a Vilijamu je bilo dosta.
09:18
He slammed his hands
on the desk and he said,
on the desk and he said,
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Lupio je rukama o klupu i rekao:
09:21
"Hey, everybody! Group hug! Group hug!"
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"Hej, svi! Grupni zagrljaj!
Grupni zagrljaj!"
Grupni zagrljaj!"
09:27
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
09:35
This young lady's tears and pain
turned into joy and laughter
turned into joy and laughter
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Suze i bol ove mlade dame
su se pretvorile u radost i smeh
su se pretvorile u radost i smeh
09:41
knowing that her community had her back,
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zbog saznanja da ima podršku zajednice,
09:45
and William had now learned
that he did have a purpose in life:
that he did have a purpose in life:
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a Vilijam je tako naučio
da njegov život ima svrhu:
da njegov život ima svrhu:
09:50
to help to heal the souls
of people in his own community.
of people in his own community.
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da pomogne u lečenju duša
ljudi iz njegove zajednice.
ljudi iz njegove zajednice.
09:56
He told us his story.
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Ispričao nam je svoju priču.
09:58
We refined his story
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Rafinisali smo njegovu priču,
10:00
to go from being the story of a victim
to being the story of a survivor
to being the story of a survivor
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kako bi se preobličila iz priče o žrtvi
u priču o opstajanju
u priču o opstajanju
10:04
that has overcome adversity.
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kojim su prevaziđene nedaće.
10:07
We placed high value on it.
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Dali smo toj priči veliki značaj.
10:09
William went on to finish high school,
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Vilijam je potom završio srednju školu,
10:14
get his security guard certificate
to become a security guard,
to become a security guard,
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dobio je dozvolu za radnika obezbeđenja
kako bi se zaposlio u obezbeđenju
kako bi se zaposlio u obezbeđenju
10:19
and is now working
at a local school district.
at a local school district.
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i trenutno radi
u lokalnom školskom okrugu.
u lokalnom školskom okrugu.
10:23
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
10:31
Ms. Russ's mantra --
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Mantra gđe Ras -
10:33
her mantra was always,
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njena mantra je uvek bila:
10:35
"when you teach to the heart,
the mind will follow."
the mind will follow."
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"Kada podučavate srcu,
um će uvek da sledi."
um će uvek da sledi."
10:42
The great writer Khalil Gibran says,
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Veliki pisac Halil Džubran kaže:
10:47
"Out of suffering
have emerged the greatest souls.
have emerged the greatest souls.
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"Naznačajnije duše su izrasle iz patnje.
10:52
The massive characters
are seared with scars."
are seared with scars."
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Krupni karakteri su izbrazdani ožiljcima."
10:58
I believe that in this education
revolution that we're talking about
revolution that we're talking about
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Verujem da u ovoj
obrazovnoj revoluciji o kojoj govorimo
obrazovnoj revoluciji o kojoj govorimo
11:03
we need to invite the souls
of the young people that we work with,
of the young people that we work with,
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moramo da pozovemo duše
mladih s kojima radimo,
mladih s kojima radimo,
11:08
and once they're able to refine --
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a čim uspeju da rafinišu -
11:10
identify their grit,
resilience and character
resilience and character
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da prepoznaju odlučnost,
otpornost i karakter
otpornost i karakter
11:14
that they've already developed --
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koji su već razvili -
11:17
their academic performance will improve.
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njihova akademska dostignuća
će biti unapređena.
će biti unapređena.
11:23
Let's believe in young people.
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Verujmo u mlade ljude.
11:25
Let's provide them
the right kinds of resources.
the right kinds of resources.
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Pružimo im odgovarajuće resurse.
11:29
I'll tell you what my teacher did for me.
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Reći ću vam šta je moja nastavnica
uradila za mene.
uradila za mene.
11:31
She believed in me so much
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Toliko je verovala u mene
11:35
that she tricked me
into believing in myself.
into believing in myself.
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da me je obmanula da poverujem u sebe.
11:39
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
11:40
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Victor Rios - Educator, authorVictor Rios seeks to uncover how to best support the lives of young people who experience poverty, stigma and social exclusion.
Why you should listen
Based on over a decade of research, Dr. Victor Rios created Project GRIT (Generating Resilience to Inspire Transformation) a human development program that works with educators to refine leadership, civic engagement and personal and academic empowerment in young people placed at-risk.
Rios is a professor of sociology at the University of California, Santa Barbara. He received his Ph.D. in comparative ethnic studies from the University of California, Berkeley in 2005. His book Punished: Policing the Lives of Black and Latino Boys discusses the many ways in which young urban males of color encounter the youth control complex: a ubiquitous system of punitive social control embedded in what has come to be known as the school-to-prison pipeline.
Victor Rios | Speaker | TED.com