TEDMED 2009
Eric Mead: The magic of the placebo
Erik Mid: Magija placebo efekta
Filmed:
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Šećerne pilule, injekcije ničega -- istraživanja pokazuju da, više nego što biste očekivali, placebo-i stvarno deluju. Na TEDMED-u, mađioničar Erik Mid pokazuje trik da dokaže da, iako znamo da nešto nije stvarno, reagujemo jednako snažno kao da jeste. (Upozorenje: Ovaj razgovor nije pogodan za gledaoce koje uznemiravaju igle i krv.)
Eric Mead - Magician
Eric Mead is a prolific magician, mentalist and comedian who worked his way up from doing magic on the street to appearing at exclusive events around the world. Full bio
Eric Mead is a prolific magician, mentalist and comedian who worked his way up from doing magic on the street to appearing at exclusive events around the world. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:18
For some time I have been interested in
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Već neko vreme zainteresovan sam za
00:20
the placebo effect,
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placebo efekat,
00:22
which might seem like an odd thing
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što može da izgleda kao neobična stvar
00:24
for a magician to be interested in,
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za koju bi se mađioničar interesovao,
00:26
unless you think of it in the terms that I do,
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osim ako mislite o tome na način kao ja,
00:28
which is, "Something fake
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a to je "nešto lažno
00:32
is believed in enough by somebody
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u šta neko veruje dovoljno jako
00:34
that it becomes something real."
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da postaje nešto stvarno."
00:36
In other words, sugar pills
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Drugim rečima, šećerne pilule
00:38
have a measurable effect in certain kinds of studies,
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imaju merljiv efekat u nekim vrstama istraživanja,
00:41
the placebo effect,
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placebo efekat,
00:43
just because the person thinks
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samo zato što osoba misli
00:46
that what's happening to them is a pharmaceutical
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da to što se im dešava je farmatceutsko
00:48
or some sort of a --
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ili neka vrsta....
00:51
for pain management, for example,
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Za kontrolu bola, na primer,
00:53
if they believe it enough there is a measurable effect in the body
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ako dovoljno veruju da postoji merljiv efekat u telu
00:55
called the placebo effect.
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nazvan placebo efekat.
00:57
Something fake becomes
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Nešto lažno postaje
00:59
something real
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nešto stvarno
01:01
because of someone's perception of it.
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zbog nečije percepcije toga.
01:04
In order for us to understand each other,
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Da bismo razumeli jedni druge
01:06
I want to start by showing you a rudimentary,
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želim da počnem pokazujući vam osnovni,
01:08
very simple magic trick.
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veoma jednostavni mađioničarski trik.
01:10
And I'm going to show you how it works. This is a trick
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Pokazaću vam kako radi. Ovo je trik
01:12
that's been in every children's magic book since at least the 1950s.
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koji se nalazi u svakoj dečijoj mađioničarskoj knjizi od, sigurno, 1950-ih.
01:16
I learned it myself from Cub Scout Magic in the 1970s.
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Ja sam ga naučio od Cub Scout Magic-a u 1970-im.
01:20
I'll do it for you, and then I'll explain it.
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Uradiću ga, a onda ću ga objasniti.
01:22
And then I'll explain why I explained it.
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A onda ću vam objasniti zašto sam ga objasnio.
01:25
So, here's what happens.
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Dakle, evo šta se dešava.
01:27
The knife, which you can examine; my hand, which you could examine.
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Nož, koji možete proveriti, moja ruka, koju možete proveriti.
01:29
I'm just going to hold the knife in my fist like this.
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Samo ću držati nož u mojoj ruci ovako.
01:32
I'll get my sleeve back.
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Zavrnuću rukav.
01:34
And to make sure nothing goes up or down my sleeve
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I da budete sigurni da ništa ne ide uz ili niz moj rukav,
01:36
I'm just going to squeeze my wrist right here.
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samo ću stegnuti svoj zglob tačno ovde.
01:39
That way you can see that at no time
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Na taj način možete videti da ni u kom trenutku
01:41
can anything travel, as long as I'm squeezing there
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ništa ne može da prođe. Dokle god strežem ovde
01:43
nothing can go up or down my sleeve.
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ništa ne može da ide uz ili niz moj rukav.
01:46
And the object of this is quite simple.
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Svrha ovoga je prilično jednostavna.
01:48
I'm going to open my hand,
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Otvoriću svoju ruku
01:51
and hopefully, if all is well,
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i nadam se, ako je sve dobro,
01:54
my pure animal magnetism will hold the knife.
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da će moj čisto životinjski magnetizam držati nož.
01:57
In fact it's held so tightly in place
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U stvari, toliko se čvrsto drži na mestu
01:59
that I can shake it,
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da mogu da ga tresem
02:01
and the knife does not come off.
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a nož neće da padne.
02:04
Nothing goes up or down my sleeve,
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Ništa ne ide gore ili dole niz moj rukav,
02:06
no trickery. And you can examine everything.
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nema prevare. I možete proveriti sve.
02:09
Ta-da!
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Ta-da!
02:11
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
02:13
So, this is a trick that I often teach to young children
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Ovo je trik kojim često učim malu decu
02:16
that are interested in magic, because you can learn
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koja su zainteresovana za magiju, zato što možete naučiti
02:18
a great deal about deception by studying
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mnogo o obmanjivanju proučavajući
02:20
this very -- even though it's a very simple trick methodologically.
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ovaj veoma -- čak iako je metodološki veoma jednostavan trik.
02:23
Probably many of you in the room know this trick.
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Verovatno većina vas u prostoriji zna ovaj trik.
02:25
What happens is this.
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Šta se dešava je sledeće.
02:27
I hold the knife in my hand.
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Držim nož u mojoj ruci.
02:29
I say I'm going to grab hold of my wrist
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Kažem da ću držati svoj zglob
02:31
to make sure nothing goes up or down my sleeve,
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da bi bili sigurni da nište ne ide uz ili niz moj rukav,
02:33
that is a lie.
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to je laž.
02:35
The reason I'm holding onto my wrist
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Razlog zbog koga držim svoj zglob
02:37
is because that's actually the secret
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je taj što je baš to tajna
02:39
of the illusion.
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ove iluzije.
02:41
In a moment when my hand moves from facing you
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U momentu kada se moja ruka pomera od položaja gde je okrenuta vama
02:43
to being away from you,
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da bi se okrenula od vas,
02:45
this finger right here, my index finger is just going to shift
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ovaj prst ovde, moj kažiprst će se pomeriti
02:47
from where it is, to a position
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sa mesta gde je, u poziciju
02:50
pointing out like this.
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da pokazuje ovako.
02:52
Nice one.
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Dobar štos.
02:54
Someone who didn't have a childhood is out there.
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Neko ko nije imao detinjstvo je tamo.
02:57
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
02:59
So, it goes like this, from here, right.
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Znači, ide ovako, odavde, tačno.
03:01
And as I move around my finger shifts.
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I dok se pomeram moj prst menja poziciju.
03:03
And we could talk about why this is deceptive,
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Možemo da pričamo zašto je ovo obmanjujuće,
03:05
why you don't notice there are only three fingers down here,
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zašto niste primetili da je tamo dole samo tri prsta,
03:08
because the mind, and the way it processes information,
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zbog uma i načina na koji prerađuje informacije,
03:10
it doesn't count, one, two, three. It groups them.
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on ne broji, jedan, dva, tri. On ih grupiše.
03:13
But that's not really what this is about. Right? And then I open my hand up.
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Ali to nije ono što je važno. Zar ne? I onda otvorim ruku.
03:15
Obviously it's clinging there, not by animal magnetism,
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Očigledno je priljubljen, ne zbog životinjskog magnetizma,
03:19
but by chicanery,
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već zbog varke,
03:21
my index finger being there.
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moj kažiprst je tamo.
03:24
And then when I close my finger, same thing,
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I onda kad zatvaram prste, ista stvar,
03:26
as I move back, this motion
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kako se pomeram nazad, ovaj pokret
03:28
kind of covers the moving back of my finger.
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nekako maskira vraćanje mog prsta nazad.
03:30
I take this hand away. You give the knife out.
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Sklanjam ovu ruku. Nož se više ne drži.
03:32
There is a trick you can do for your friends and neighbors. Thanks.
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Ovo je trik koji možete pokazati svojim prijateljima i susedima. Hvala
03:36
Now, (Laughter)
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Sada, (smeh)
03:38
what does that have to do with the placebo effect?
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kakve to veze ima sa placebo efektom?
03:41
I read a study a year or so ago
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Pročitao sam istraživanje, pre godinu i nešto
03:44
that really blew my mind wide open.
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koje je me je stvarno zaprepastilo.
03:47
I'm not a doctor or a researcher, so this, to me,
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Ja nisam doktor ili istraživač, tako da, za mene
03:49
was an astonishing thing.
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je ovo bila zapanjujuća stvar.
03:51
It turns out that if you administer
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Ispada da, ako dajete
03:53
a placebo in the form of a white pill,
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placebo u obliku bele pilule,
03:55
that's like aspirin shaped --
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koja je oblika kao aspirin,
03:58
it's just a round white pill -- it has some certain measurable effect.
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to je samo okrugla bela pilula, to ima neki određeni merljivi efekat.
04:01
But if you change the form that you give the placebo in,
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Ali ako promenite oblik u kome dajete placebo,
04:04
like you make a smaller pill,
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napravite manju pilulu,
04:06
and color it blue, and stamp a letter into it,
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obojite je u plavo i utisnete slovo na nju,
04:09
it is actually measurably more effective.
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to daje stvarno veće merljive efekte.
04:12
Even though neither one of these things
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Iako ni jedna od ovih stvari
04:14
has any pharmaceutical -- they're sugar pills.
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nema ništa farmaceutsko -- to su šećerne pilule.
04:17
But a white pill is not as good as a blue pill.
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Ali bela pilula nije toliko dobra kao plava pilula.
04:21
What? (Laughter) That really flipped me out.
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Šta? (Smeh) To me stvarno izbezumilo.
04:24
Turns out though, that that's not even where it stops.
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Ispada da to čak nije kraj.
04:26
If you have capsules,
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Ako imate kapsule,
04:29
they're more effective than tablets in any form.
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one su efektivnije od tableta bilo kog oblika.
04:31
A colored capsule, that's yellow on one end and red on the other
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Obojena kapsula, koja je žuta na jednom, a crvena na drugom kraju
04:34
is better than a white capsule.
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je bolja od bele kapsule.
04:36
Dosage has something to do with this.
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I doziranje ima veze sa ovim.
04:38
One pill twice a day
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Jedna pilula dvaput dvenvo
04:40
is not as good at three pills --
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nije tako dobra kao tri pilule --
04:43
I don't remember the statistic now. Sorry.
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Ne sećam se statistike sada. Izvinite.
04:45
But the point is ...
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Ali poenta je...
04:47
(Laughter) ... these dosages have something to do with it.
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(Smeh) ... ove doze imaju neke veze sa ovim.
04:49
And the form has something to do with it.
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I oblik ima veze sa ovim.
04:51
And if you want the ultimate in placebo,
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I ako želite najsnažniji placebo
04:54
you've go to the needle.
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idete na iglu.
04:57
Right? A syringe with some inert --
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Jel tako? Špric sa nečim inertnim --
04:59
a couple CCs of some inert something,
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par kubnih centrimetara nešeg inertnog
05:01
and you inject this into a patient ...
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i to ubrizgate u pacijenta...
05:03
Well this is such a powerful image in their mind,
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Ovo je strašno moćna slika u njihovim umovima.
05:05
it's so much stronger than the white pill.
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Mnogo je snažnija od bele pilule.
05:07
It's a really, this graph, well I'll show it to you
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Stvarno je, ovaj grafik, pokazaću vam da
05:10
some other time when we have slides.
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nekom drugom prilikom kad budemo imali slajdove.
05:12
The point is
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Poenta je da
05:14
the white pill is not as good as the blue pill
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bela pilula nije tako dobra kao plava pilula,
05:17
is not as good as the capsule is not as good as the needle.
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nije tako dobra kao kapsula, nije tako dobra kao igla.
05:20
And none of it has any real pharmaceutical quality,
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A ni jedna od njih nema stvarni farmaceutski kvalitet.
05:23
it's only your belief that makes it real
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Jedino vaše verovanje ih čini stvarnim
05:27
in your body and makes a stronger effect.
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za vaše telo i izaziva jači efekat.
05:30
I wanted to see if I could take that idea
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Želeo sam da vidim da li mogu da uzmem tu ideju
05:32
and apply it to a magic trick.
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i da je primenim na mađioničarski trik.
05:34
And take something that is obviously a fake trick
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Da uzmem nešto što je očigledno lažan trik
05:38
and make it seem real.
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i da ga učinim da izgleda stvarno.
05:43
And we know from that study
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A znamo iz tog istraživanja
05:46
that when you want reality, you go to the needle.
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da kada želite stvarnost idete igli.
05:50
This is a seven-inch hatpin. It's very, very sharp,
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Ovo je igla za šešire od 17,5 cm. Veoma je oštra.
05:54
and I'm going to just sterilize it a tiny bit.
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Ja ću je samo malo sterilizovati.
06:01
This is really my flesh. This is not
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Ovo je zaista moje meso. Nije
06:03
Damian's special-grown flesh.
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specijalno uzgajano Dejmijanovo meso.
06:05
That's my skin right there. This is not a Hollywood special effect.
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Ovo ovde je moja koža. Ovo nije holivudski specijalni efekat.
06:10
I'm going to pierce my skin
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Probušiću svoju kožu
06:12
and run this needle through to the other side.
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i progurati iglu kroz nju, na drugu stranu.
06:14
If you're queasy -- (Laughs)
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Ako ste osetljivi -- (Smeh)
06:17
if you faint easily -- I was doing this for some friends
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ako lako padate u nesvest -- Pokazivao sam ovo nekim prijateljima
06:19
in the hotel room last night, and some people that I didn't know,
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u hotelskoj sobi sinoć i nekim ljudima koje nisam znao
06:22
and one woman almost passed out.
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i jedna žena se zamalo onesvestila.
06:24
So, I suggest if you get queasy easy
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Prema tome, predlažem da ako lako gubite svest
06:27
that you look away for about the next 30 --
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gledate u stranu nekih sledećih 30 --
06:29
in fact, you know what, I'll do the first bad part behind it.
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u stvari, znate šta, uradiću prvi grozni deo iza.
06:31
You'll get to see, you can look away too if you'd like to.
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Videćete, možeš i ti da gledaš u stranu ako želiš.
06:35
So, here is what happens, right here,
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Dakle, evo šta se događa, baš ovde
06:37
the beginning of my flesh
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na početku mog mesa
06:39
at the lower part of my arm I just make
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na donjem delu moje ruke napraviću
06:41
a little pierce.
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mali ubod.
06:43
I'm sorry, man. Am I freaking you out?
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Čoveče izvini. Da li te izluđujem?
06:45
OK, and then just through my skin a tiny bit,
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Onda jednostavno kroz kožu malo
06:49
and then out the other side like this.
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i onda na drugu stranu, ovako.
06:52
Now, essentially we're in the same position we were in
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Sad, u osnovi smo u istoj poziciji u kojoj smo bili
06:56
with the knife trick.
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kod trika sa nožem.
06:58
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
07:02
Sort of.
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Otprilike.
07:04
But you can't count my fingers right now can you?
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Ali mi ne možete prebrojati prste sada, zar ne?
07:07
So, let me show them to you. That's one, two
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Onda, pokazaću vam ih. Ovo je jedan, dva,
07:09
three, four, five.
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tri, četiri, pet.
07:12
Yes, well...
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Da, pa....
07:15
I know what people think when they see this.
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Znam šta misle ljudi kada ovo vide.
07:17
They go, "Well, he's certainly not dumb enough
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Kažu: "Pa, sigurno nije toliko glup
07:19
to stab himself through the skin to entertain us for a few minutes.
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da probode sebi kožu da bi nas zabavio nekoliko minuta."
07:22
So, let me give you a little peek.
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Daću vam da malo virnete.
07:25
How's that look out there? Pretty good.
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Kako vam ovo izgleda tamo? Prilično dobro.
07:27
(Laughs)
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(Smeh)
07:30
Yeah, I know. (Laughs)
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Da, znam. (Smeh)
07:33
And the people in the back go, "OK, I didn't really see that."
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Ljudi odpozadi misle. "Ok. Nismo baš dobro ni videli."
07:35
People in the satellite room are starting to move in now.
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Ljudi iz sporedne sobe počinju da ulaze sad.
07:38
Let me give you good close look at this.
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Hajde da vam pokažem izbliza.
07:40
That really is my skin. That is not a Hollywood special effect.
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Ovo je stvarno moja koža. Ovo nije holivudski specijalni efekat.
07:43
That's my flesh, and I can twist that around.
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Ovo je moje meso i mogu da okrećem ovo naokolo.
07:46
I'm sorry. If you're getting queasy, look away,
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Izvinite. Ako gubite svest, skrenite pogled,
07:48
don't look at the thing.
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ne gledajte ovo.
07:50
People in the back or people on video years from now watching this
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Ljudi odpozadi ili oni koji će gledati video za nekoliko godina
07:52
will go, "Well yeah, that looks kind of neat
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će misliti: "Pa dobro, ovo izgleda uredno
07:55
in some sort of effect there, but if it were real he would be --
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urađen štos, ali kada bi ovo bilo stvarno on bi --
07:58
see there's a hole there and a hole there, if it were real he would be bleeding.
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vidite, ovde je rupa i ovde isto, i da je stvarno on bi krvario."
08:01
Well let me work up some blood for you.
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Pa onda dajte da stvorim malo krvi za vas.
08:04
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
08:09
Yes, there it is.
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Da, evo je.
08:11
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
08:27
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
08:30
Normally now, I would take the needle out.
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Obično bih u ovom trenutku izvadio iglu.
08:33
I would clean off my arm, and I would show you that there are no wounds.
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Očistio bih svoju ruku i pokazao vam da nema nikakvih rana.
08:36
But I think in this context
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Ali mislim da ću je, u ovom kontekstu
08:39
and with the idea of taking something fake
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i sa idejom da uzmem nešto lažno
08:41
and making it into something real,
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i pretvorim ga da izgleda stvarno,
08:44
I'm just going to leave it there,
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samo ostaviti da stoji tu
08:46
and walk off the stage.
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i otići sa scene.
08:48
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
08:50
I will be seeing you several times over the next few days.
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Viđaćemo se nekoliko puta u sledećih nekoliko dana.
08:53
I hope you're looking forward to that. Thank you very much.
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Nadam se da se tome radujete. Hvala vam puno.
08:56
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
08:58
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Eric Mead - MagicianEric Mead is a prolific magician, mentalist and comedian who worked his way up from doing magic on the street to appearing at exclusive events around the world.
Why you should listen
As a child, Eric Mead says that he had a typical interest in magic. However, by the time he was a teenager, his interest had grown to a full-fledged obsession -- he was getting paid to do birthday parties and banquets in his hometown. He began street performing in 1985 and four years later was offered a job as “Magic Bartender” at the Tower Comedy/Magic Bar owned by John Denver. Working at the bar, as well as private parties and comedy clubs, he became well-known in the industry and went on to perform one of the most memorable pieces in The Aristocrats.
Mead is also known as the author of Tangled Web, a collection of magic and mentalism taken from his personal repertoire.
Eric Mead | Speaker | TED.com