TEDMED 2009
Eric Mead: The magic of the placebo
Eric Mead: Magija placeba
Filmed:
Readability: 2.5
1,211,114 views
Šećerne pilule, injekcije ničega -- istraživanja pokazuju da, mnogo češće nego što biste očekivali, placeba zaista djeluju. Na TEDMED-u, mađioničar Eric Mead izvodi trik kako bi dokazao da, iako znate da nešto nije stvarno, reagirate jednako snažno kao jest. (Upozorenje: Ovaj razgovor nije prikladan za gledatelje koga uznemiruju igle ili krv.)
Eric Mead - Magician
Eric Mead is a prolific magician, mentalist and comedian who worked his way up from doing magic on the street to appearing at exclusive events around the world. Full bio
Eric Mead is a prolific magician, mentalist and comedian who worked his way up from doing magic on the street to appearing at exclusive events around the world. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:18
For some time I have been interested in
0
3000
2000
Već neko vrijeme se zanimam za
00:20
the placebo effect,
1
5000
2000
placebo učinak,
00:22
which might seem like an odd thing
2
7000
2000
što može izgledati kao neka neobična stvar
00:24
for a magician to be interested in,
3
9000
2000
da to zanima jednog mađioničara,
00:26
unless you think of it in the terms that I do,
4
11000
2000
osim ako promišljate o tome na način kao ja,
00:28
which is, "Something fake
5
13000
4000
a to je "nešto lažno
00:32
is believed in enough by somebody
6
17000
2000
u što netko vjeruje dovoljno jako
00:34
that it becomes something real."
7
19000
2000
ono postaje stvarno."
00:36
In other words, sugar pills
8
21000
2000
Drugim riječima, šećerne pilule
00:38
have a measurable effect in certain kinds of studies,
9
23000
3000
imaju mjerljiv učinak u nekim vrstama istraživanja,
00:41
the placebo effect,
10
26000
2000
placebo učinak,
00:43
just because the person thinks
11
28000
3000
samo zato što osoba misli
00:46
that what's happening to them is a pharmaceutical
12
31000
2000
da ono što joj se događa je farmaceutsko
00:48
or some sort of a --
13
33000
3000
ili neka vrsta...
00:51
for pain management, for example,
14
36000
2000
Za kontrolu boli, na primjer,
00:53
if they believe it enough there is a measurable effect in the body
15
38000
2000
ako u to vjeruju dovoljno, postoji mjerljiv učinak u tijelu
00:55
called the placebo effect.
16
40000
2000
koji se naziva placebo učinak.
00:57
Something fake becomes
17
42000
2000
Nešto lažno postaje
00:59
something real
18
44000
2000
nešto stvarno
01:01
because of someone's perception of it.
19
46000
3000
zbog nečije percepcije toga.
01:04
In order for us to understand each other,
20
49000
2000
U cilju da razumijemo jedni druge
01:06
I want to start by showing you a rudimentary,
21
51000
2000
želio bih početi s pokazivanjem jednog zastarjelog,
01:08
very simple magic trick.
22
53000
2000
veoma jednostavnog mađioničarskog trika.
01:10
And I'm going to show you how it works. This is a trick
23
55000
2000
I pokazat ću vam kako on djeluje. Ovo je trik
01:12
that's been in every children's magic book since at least the 1950s.
24
57000
4000
koji se nalazi u svakoj dječjoj mađioničarskoj knjizi još od 1950-tih.
01:16
I learned it myself from Cub Scout Magic in the 1970s.
25
61000
4000
Sam sam ga naučio od Cub Scout Magica tamo 1970-tih.
01:20
I'll do it for you, and then I'll explain it.
26
65000
2000
Prikazat ću vam ga, a zatim objasniti.
01:22
And then I'll explain why I explained it.
27
67000
3000
A onda ću objasniti zašto sam ga objasnio.
01:25
So, here's what happens.
28
70000
2000
Onda, evo što se događa.
01:27
The knife, which you can examine; my hand, which you could examine.
29
72000
2000
Nož, kojega možete provjeriti; moja ruka, koju možete provjeriti.
01:29
I'm just going to hold the knife in my fist like this.
30
74000
3000
Jednostavno ću držati nož u svojoj šaci ovako.
01:32
I'll get my sleeve back.
31
77000
2000
Zavrnuti ću rukave.
01:34
And to make sure nothing goes up or down my sleeve
32
79000
2000
I da bi bili uvjereni da baš ništa ne ide gore ili dolje mojim rukavom
01:36
I'm just going to squeeze my wrist right here.
33
81000
3000
jednostavno ću stegnuti svoje zapešće evo ovdje.
01:39
That way you can see that at no time
34
84000
2000
Na taj način možete vidjeti da nikako
01:41
can anything travel, as long as I'm squeezing there
35
86000
2000
ništa ne može doći. Sve dok stežem ovdje
01:43
nothing can go up or down my sleeve.
36
88000
3000
ništa ne može ići uz ili niz moj rukav.
01:46
And the object of this is quite simple.
37
91000
2000
A svrha ovoga je prilično jednostavna.
01:48
I'm going to open my hand,
38
93000
3000
Otvorit ću svoju ruku,
01:51
and hopefully, if all is well,
39
96000
3000
i nadajmo se, ako sve bude u redu,
01:54
my pure animal magnetism will hold the knife.
40
99000
3000
da će moj čisti životinjski magnetizam zadržati nož.
01:57
In fact it's held so tightly in place
41
102000
2000
U stvari on ga drži tako čvrsto na mjestu
01:59
that I can shake it,
42
104000
2000
da ga ja mogu tresti,
02:01
and the knife does not come off.
43
106000
3000
a nož ne pada.
02:04
Nothing goes up or down my sleeve,
44
109000
2000
Ništa ne ide uz ili niz moj rukav,
02:06
no trickery. And you can examine everything.
45
111000
3000
nema nikakvog varanja. Možete provjeriti sve.
02:09
Ta-da!
46
114000
2000
Ta-da!
02:11
(Applause)
47
116000
2000
(Pljesak)
02:13
So, this is a trick that I often teach to young children
48
118000
3000
Ovo je trik kojega često učim malu djecu
02:16
that are interested in magic, because you can learn
49
121000
2000
koja se zanimaju za mađioničarstvo, jer se može naučiti
02:18
a great deal about deception by studying
50
123000
2000
mnogo o obmani učeći
02:20
this very -- even though it's a very simple trick methodologically.
51
125000
3000
ovaj -- čak iako je metodološki veoma jednostavan trik.
02:23
Probably many of you in the room know this trick.
52
128000
2000
Vjerojatni mnogi od vas ovdje u sali poznaju ovaj trik.
02:25
What happens is this.
53
130000
2000
Ono što se događa je sljedeće.
02:27
I hold the knife in my hand.
54
132000
2000
Držim nož u svojoj ruci.
02:29
I say I'm going to grab hold of my wrist
55
134000
2000
Kažem da ću stegnuti svoje zapešće
02:31
to make sure nothing goes up or down my sleeve,
56
136000
2000
da bi bili sigurni da ništa neće stići uz ili niz moj rukav,
02:33
that is a lie.
57
138000
2000
to je laž.
02:35
The reason I'm holding onto my wrist
58
140000
2000
Razlog zbog kojega pridržavam zapešće
02:37
is because that's actually the secret
59
142000
2000
je taj što je u stvari baš to tajna
02:39
of the illusion.
60
144000
2000
ove iluzije.
02:41
In a moment when my hand moves from facing you
61
146000
2000
U trenutku kada se moja ruka pomiče od vašeg izravnog pogleda
02:43
to being away from you,
62
148000
2000
da bi se okrenula od vas,
02:45
this finger right here, my index finger is just going to shift
63
150000
2000
ovaj prst ovdje, moj kažiprst će se pomjeriti
02:47
from where it is, to a position
64
152000
3000
s mjesta gdje je bio, na poziciju
02:50
pointing out like this.
65
155000
2000
da pokazuje, evo ovako.
02:52
Nice one.
66
157000
2000
Dobar štos.
02:54
Someone who didn't have a childhood is out there.
67
159000
3000
Ali za nekoga koji nije imao djetinjstvo.
02:57
(Laughter)
68
162000
2000
(Smijeh)
02:59
So, it goes like this, from here, right.
69
164000
2000
Znači, ide ovako, odavde, je li tako.
03:01
And as I move around my finger shifts.
70
166000
2000
I kad pomjeram, moj prst se pomiče.
03:03
And we could talk about why this is deceptive,
71
168000
2000
Možemo razgovarati o tome zašto je ovo obmanjujuće,
03:05
why you don't notice there are only three fingers down here,
72
170000
3000
zašto niste zamijetili da je tamo dolje samo tri prsta,
03:08
because the mind, and the way it processes information,
73
173000
2000
zbog uma i načina kako on obrađuje informacije,
03:10
it doesn't count, one, two, three. It groups them.
74
175000
3000
on ne broji, jedan, dva, tri. On ih grupira.
03:13
But that's not really what this is about. Right? And then I open my hand up.
75
178000
2000
No ovo ne može biti stvarno. Zar ne? I onda otvorim šaku.
03:15
Obviously it's clinging there, not by animal magnetism,
76
180000
4000
Očigledno je priljubljen, ne zbog životinjskog magnetizma,
03:19
but by chicanery,
77
184000
2000
nego zbog neke varke,
03:21
my index finger being there.
78
186000
3000
moj kažiprst je tamo.
03:24
And then when I close my finger, same thing,
79
189000
2000
I onda kada zatvaram prste, ista stvar,
03:26
as I move back, this motion
80
191000
2000
kako pomičem natrag, ovaj pokret
03:28
kind of covers the moving back of my finger.
81
193000
2000
vrsta zaklona za vraćanje prsta.
03:30
I take this hand away. You give the knife out.
82
195000
2000
Sklanjam ovu ruku. Uzimate nož van.
03:32
There is a trick you can do for your friends and neighbors. Thanks.
83
197000
4000
To je trik kojega možete pokazati vašim prijateljima i susjedima. Hvala.
03:36
Now, (Laughter)
84
201000
2000
Sada, (smijeh)
03:38
what does that have to do with the placebo effect?
85
203000
3000
kakve ovo ima veze s placebo učinkom?
03:41
I read a study a year or so ago
86
206000
3000
Pročitao sam istraživanje, prije nekih godinu dana
03:44
that really blew my mind wide open.
87
209000
3000
koje me je uistinu zaprepastilo.
03:47
I'm not a doctor or a researcher, so this, to me,
88
212000
2000
Nisam liječnik niti istraživač, i ovo je za mene
03:49
was an astonishing thing.
89
214000
2000
bila zapanjujuća stvar.
03:51
It turns out that if you administer
90
216000
2000
Ispada da ako dajete
03:53
a placebo in the form of a white pill,
91
218000
2000
placebo u obliku bijele pilule,
03:55
that's like aspirin shaped --
92
220000
3000
to je oblika kao aspirin,
03:58
it's just a round white pill -- it has some certain measurable effect.
93
223000
3000
to je samo okrugla bijela pilula, da to ima određeni mjerljivi učinak.
04:01
But if you change the form that you give the placebo in,
94
226000
3000
No, ako promijenite oblik kojega dajete kao placebo,
04:04
like you make a smaller pill,
95
229000
2000
kao recimo načinite manju pilulu,
04:06
and color it blue, and stamp a letter into it,
96
231000
3000
i obojate je u plavo, i utisnete slovo u nju,
04:09
it is actually measurably more effective.
97
234000
3000
to daje veće mjerljive učinke.
04:12
Even though neither one of these things
98
237000
2000
Mada niti jedna od ovih stvari
04:14
has any pharmaceutical -- they're sugar pills.
99
239000
3000
nema ništa farmaceutsko -- to su pilule od šećera.
04:17
But a white pill is not as good as a blue pill.
100
242000
3000
Međutim, bijela pilula nije tako dobra kao plava.
04:21
What? (Laughter) That really flipped me out.
101
246000
3000
Što? (Smijeh) To me uistinu izbezumilo.
04:24
Turns out though, that that's not even where it stops.
102
249000
2000
Ispada da, ali to nije sve.
04:26
If you have capsules,
103
251000
3000
Ako imate kapsule,
04:29
they're more effective than tablets in any form.
104
254000
2000
one su učinkovitije od tableta bilo kojeg oblika.
04:31
A colored capsule, that's yellow on one end and red on the other
105
256000
3000
Obojane kapsule, to je žuta na jednom kraju i crvena na drugom
04:34
is better than a white capsule.
106
259000
2000
su bolje nego bijele kapsule.
04:36
Dosage has something to do with this.
107
261000
2000
S ovim u vezi je i doziranje.
04:38
One pill twice a day
108
263000
2000
Jedna pilula dvaput na dan
04:40
is not as good at three pills --
109
265000
3000
nije tako dobra kao tri pilule --
04:43
I don't remember the statistic now. Sorry.
110
268000
2000
Sad se ne sjećam statistike. Žao mi je.
04:45
But the point is ...
111
270000
2000
Ali poanta je...
04:47
(Laughter) ... these dosages have something to do with it.
112
272000
2000
(Smijeh) ... da ova doziranja imaju nešto s tim.
04:49
And the form has something to do with it.
113
274000
2000
I oblik ima veze s ovim.
04:51
And if you want the ultimate in placebo,
114
276000
3000
No ako želite maksimum kod placeba
04:54
you've go to the needle.
115
279000
3000
ide se na iglu.
04:57
Right? A syringe with some inert --
116
282000
2000
Je li tako? Šprica sa nečim inertnim --
04:59
a couple CCs of some inert something,
117
284000
2000
par kubičnih centimatara s nekoliko inertnog nečega,
05:01
and you inject this into a patient ...
118
286000
2000
i to ubrizgate u pacijenta ...
05:03
Well this is such a powerful image in their mind,
119
288000
2000
To je strašno moćna slika u njihovim imovima,
05:05
it's so much stronger than the white pill.
120
290000
2000
Mnogo je snažnija nego bijela pilula.
05:07
It's a really, this graph, well I'll show it to you
121
292000
3000
Stvarno je, taj graf, pokazat ću vam
05:10
some other time when we have slides.
122
295000
2000
nekom drugom prilikom kad budemo imali slajdove
05:12
The point is
123
297000
2000
Poanta je
05:14
the white pill is not as good as the blue pill
124
299000
3000
bijela pilula nije toliko dobra kao što je plava
05:17
is not as good as the capsule is not as good as the needle.
125
302000
3000
nije tako dobra kao kapsula, nije dobra koliko igla.
05:20
And none of it has any real pharmaceutical quality,
126
305000
3000
A niti jedno od njih nemaju stvaran farmaceutski učinak.
05:23
it's only your belief that makes it real
127
308000
4000
Jedino je vaše vjerovanje to koje ih čini stvarnim
05:27
in your body and makes a stronger effect.
128
312000
3000
za vaše tijelo i izaziva jači učinak.
05:30
I wanted to see if I could take that idea
129
315000
2000
Želio sam se uvjeriti mogu li koristiti tu ideju
05:32
and apply it to a magic trick.
130
317000
2000
i primijeniti je kroz mađioničarski trik.
05:34
And take something that is obviously a fake trick
131
319000
4000
Prikazati nešto što je očigledno lažan trik
05:38
and make it seem real.
132
323000
3000
i učiniti ga da izgleda stvaran.
05:43
And we know from that study
133
328000
3000
A iz tog istraživanja znamo
05:46
that when you want reality, you go to the needle.
134
331000
4000
ako želite stvarnost pribjegavate igli.
05:50
This is a seven-inch hatpin. It's very, very sharp,
135
335000
4000
Ovo je igla za šešire od sedam inča. Vrlo je oštra.
05:54
and I'm going to just sterilize it a tiny bit.
136
339000
5000
Ja ću je samo malo sterilizirati.
06:01
This is really my flesh. This is not
137
346000
2000
Ovo je uistinu moje meso. Ovo nije
06:03
Damian's special-grown flesh.
138
348000
2000
specijalno uzgojeno meso kod Damiana.
06:05
That's my skin right there. This is not a Hollywood special effect.
139
350000
3000
Ovo ovdje je moja koža. Ovo nije holivudski specijalni efekt.
06:10
I'm going to pierce my skin
140
355000
2000
Probušiti ću svoju kožu
06:12
and run this needle through to the other side.
141
357000
2000
i progurati iglu preko, na drugu stranu.
06:14
If you're queasy -- (Laughs)
142
359000
3000
Ako ste gadljivi-- (Smijeh)
06:17
if you faint easily -- I was doing this for some friends
143
362000
2000
ako lako padate u nesvjest -- Ovo sam pokazao nekim prijateljima
06:19
in the hotel room last night, and some people that I didn't know,
144
364000
3000
sinoć u hotelskoj sobi, i neki ljudi koje nisam poznavao,
06:22
and one woman almost passed out.
145
367000
2000
i jedna žena su gotovo pali u nesvjest.
06:24
So, I suggest if you get queasy easy
146
369000
3000
Prema tome, predlažem ako lako gubite svijest
06:27
that you look away for about the next 30 --
147
372000
2000
da gledate u stranu sljedećih 30 --
06:29
in fact, you know what, I'll do the first bad part behind it.
148
374000
2000
u stvari, znate što, napravit ću prvi grozni dio iza.
06:31
You'll get to see, you can look away too if you'd like to.
149
376000
4000
Vidjet ćete, a možete također gledati u stranu ako želite.
06:35
So, here is what happens, right here,
150
380000
2000
Onda, evo što se ovdje događa,
06:37
the beginning of my flesh
151
382000
2000
početak moga mesa
06:39
at the lower part of my arm I just make
152
384000
2000
na donjem dijelu moje ruke jednostavno ću načiniti
06:41
a little pierce.
153
386000
2000
mali ubod.
06:43
I'm sorry, man. Am I freaking you out?
154
388000
2000
Čovječe žao mi je. Izluđujem li te?
06:45
OK, and then just through my skin a tiny bit,
155
390000
4000
Onda jednostavno kroz kožu pomalo
06:49
and then out the other side like this.
156
394000
3000
i onda na drugu stranu, ovako.
06:52
Now, essentially we're in the same position we were in
157
397000
4000
Sad, u osnovi smo u istoj poziciji kao što smo bili
06:56
with the knife trick.
158
401000
2000
kod trika s nožem.
06:58
(Laughter)
159
403000
4000
(Smijeh)
07:02
Sort of.
160
407000
2000
Nekoj vrsti.
07:04
But you can't count my fingers right now can you?
161
409000
3000
No, sad mi ne možete izbrojati prste, zar ne?
07:07
So, let me show them to you. That's one, two
162
412000
2000
Onda, dajte da vam ih pokažem. Ovo je jedan, dva
07:09
three, four, five.
163
414000
3000
tri, četiri, pet.
07:12
Yes, well...
164
417000
3000
Da, pa ...
07:15
I know what people think when they see this.
165
420000
2000
Znam što ljudi misle kada ovo vide.
07:17
They go, "Well, he's certainly not dumb enough
166
422000
2000
Oni će, "Pa, nije valjda toliko glup
07:19
to stab himself through the skin to entertain us for a few minutes.
167
424000
3000
da probode sebe kroz kožu da bi nas zabavio koju minutu."
07:22
So, let me give you a little peek.
168
427000
3000
Dat ću vam da malo provirite.
07:25
How's that look out there? Pretty good.
169
430000
2000
Kako vam to izgleda s te strane? Prilično dobro.
07:27
(Laughs)
170
432000
3000
(Smijeh)
07:30
Yeah, I know. (Laughs)
171
435000
3000
Da, da. Znam. (Smijeh)
07:33
And the people in the back go, "OK, I didn't really see that."
172
438000
2000
A oni ljudi odozada misle, "U redu, u stvari ništa nisam vidio."
07:35
People in the satellite room are starting to move in now.
173
440000
3000
Ljudi iz sporedne sobe počinju sada ulaziti.
07:38
Let me give you good close look at this.
174
443000
2000
Hajde da vam pružim dobar pogled izbliza.
07:40
That really is my skin. That is not a Hollywood special effect.
175
445000
3000
Ovo je zbilja moja koža. Ovo nije specijalni efekt iz Hollywood-a.
07:43
That's my flesh, and I can twist that around.
176
448000
3000
Ovo je moje meso, i mogu ovo pokretati okolo.
07:46
I'm sorry. If you're getting queasy, look away,
177
451000
2000
Žao mi je. Ako počinjete gubiti svijest, gledajte u stranu,
07:48
don't look at the thing.
178
453000
2000
ne gledajte ovo.
07:50
People in the back or people on video years from now watching this
179
455000
2000
Ljudi odozada ili ljudi koji godinama gledaju ovo na videu
07:52
will go, "Well yeah, that looks kind of neat
180
457000
3000
misle, "No, dobro, ovo je spretno izveo
07:55
in some sort of effect there, but if it were real he would be --
181
460000
3000
u pitanju je neki štos, jer kad bi ovo bilo stvarno on bi --
07:58
see there's a hole there and a hole there, if it were real he would be bleeding.
182
463000
3000
vidite tamo je rupa, kad bi to bila prava rupa on bi krvario."
08:01
Well let me work up some blood for you.
183
466000
3000
Pa onda dajte da vam stvorim malo krvi za vas.
08:04
(Laughter)
184
469000
5000
(Smijeh)
08:09
Yes, there it is.
185
474000
2000
Da, evo je.
08:11
(Applause)
186
476000
6000
(Pljesak)
08:27
(Laughter)
187
492000
3000
(Smijeh)
08:30
Normally now, I would take the needle out.
188
495000
3000
Normalno, sada bih trebao izvaditi iglu.
08:33
I would clean off my arm, and I would show you that there are no wounds.
189
498000
3000
Trebao bih očistiti ruku, i pokazati vam da nema nikakvih rana,
08:36
But I think in this context
190
501000
3000
Ali mislim da u ovom kontekstu
08:39
and with the idea of taking something fake
191
504000
2000
i s idejom da izvodim nešto lažno
08:41
and making it into something real,
192
506000
3000
a pretvarajući to u nešto stvarno,
08:44
I'm just going to leave it there,
193
509000
2000
jednostavno ću je ostaviti tamo,
08:46
and walk off the stage.
194
511000
2000
i otići s pozornice.
08:48
(Laughter)
195
513000
2000
(Smijeh)
08:50
I will be seeing you several times over the next few days.
196
515000
3000
U sljedećih nekoliko dana, viđat ću vas pokatkad.
08:53
I hope you're looking forward to that. Thank you very much.
197
518000
3000
Nadam se da to jedva čekate. Hvala vam puno.
08:56
(Laughter)
198
521000
2000
(Smijeh)
08:58
(Applause)
199
523000
2000
(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Eric Mead - MagicianEric Mead is a prolific magician, mentalist and comedian who worked his way up from doing magic on the street to appearing at exclusive events around the world.
Why you should listen
As a child, Eric Mead says that he had a typical interest in magic. However, by the time he was a teenager, his interest had grown to a full-fledged obsession -- he was getting paid to do birthday parties and banquets in his hometown. He began street performing in 1985 and four years later was offered a job as “Magic Bartender” at the Tower Comedy/Magic Bar owned by John Denver. Working at the bar, as well as private parties and comedy clubs, he became well-known in the industry and went on to perform one of the most memorable pieces in The Aristocrats.
Mead is also known as the author of Tangled Web, a collection of magic and mentalism taken from his personal repertoire.
Eric Mead | Speaker | TED.com