TED2007
Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala: Want to help Africa? Do business here
Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala anazungumzia kufanya biashara Afrika
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1,351,670 views
Tunajua mtazamo potofu kuhusu Afrika -- njaa na magonjwa, vita na rushwa. Lakini, anasema Ngozi Okojo-Iweala, kuna mambo mengi yanayotokea katika nchi za Afrika ambayo hayazungumzwi: moja kati ya mabadiliko hayo, kukua kwa uchumi na fursa za kibiashara.
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:30
Thank you very much, Chris. Everybody who came up here
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Asante sana Chris. Kila mtu aliyekuja hapa
00:33
said they were scared. I don't know if I'm scared,
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alisema kuwa anaogopa. Sijui kama na mimi ninaogopa,
00:37
but this is my first time of addressing an audience like this.
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lakini hii ni mara yangu ya kwanza kuhutubia hadhara kama hii.
00:41
And I don't have any smart technology for you to look at.
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Na sina teknolojia yeyote ya kisasa kwa ajili yenu ili muweze kuiangalia.
00:45
There are no slides, so you'll just have to be content with me.
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Hakuna kielezopicha, kwa hiyo itabidi mnivumilie.
00:48
(Laughter)
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(Kicheko).
00:51
What I want to do this morning is share with you a couple of stories
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Ninachotaka kufanya asubuhi hii ni kuwasimulia hadithi kadhaa
00:57
and talk about a different Africa.
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na kuongelea kuhusu Afrika iliyo tofauti.
01:00
Already this morning there were some allusions to the Africa
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Tayari asubuhi hii kulikuwa na madokezo kuhusu Afrika
01:04
that you hear about all the time: the Africa of HIV/AIDS,
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unayoyasikia kila mara: Afrika ya VVU/UKIMWI,
01:09
the Africa of malaria, the Africa of poverty, the Africa of conflict,
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Afrika ya malaria, Afrika ya umaskini, Afrika ya migongano,
01:15
and the Africa of disasters.
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na Afrika ya maafa.
01:18
While it is true that those things are going on,
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Ingawa kuna ukweli kwamba mambo hayo yanatokea,
01:22
there's an Africa that you don't hear about very much.
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kuna Afrika ambayo hamuisikii sana.
01:26
And sometimes I'm puzzled, and I ask myself why.
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Na saa nyingine nashangazwa na kujiuliza kwanini.
01:30
This is the Africa that is changing, that Chris alluded to.
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Hii ni Afrika ambayo inabadilika, ambayo Chris ameidokezea.
01:34
This is the Africa of opportunity.
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Hii ni Afrika yenye fursa.
01:36
This is the Africa where people want to take charge of
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Hii ni Afrika ambayo watu wanataka kuchukua hatua juu ya
01:39
their own futures and their own destinies.
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maisha na uwezo wao.
01:41
And this is the Africa where people are looking for partnerships
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Na hii ndio Afrika ambayo watu wanatafuta kuingia ubia
01:44
to do this. That's what I want to talk about today.
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kufanya hivyo. Na hili haswa ndilo ninalotaka kuzungumzia leo.
01:48
And I want to start by telling you
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Ningependa kuanza kwa kuwaambia
01:50
a story about that change in Africa.
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habari kuhusu mabadiliko hayo Afrika.
01:53
On 15th of September 2005, Mr. Diepreye Alamieyeseigha,
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Mnamo 15 Septemba 2005, Bwana Diepreye Alamieyeseigha,
01:58
a governor of one of the oil-rich states of Nigeria,
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Gavana wa jimbo moja lenye utajiri wa mafuta huko Nigeria,
02:02
was arrested by the London Metropolitan Police on a visit to London.
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alikamatwa na Polisi wa mji wa London alipokuwa matembizini mjini London.
02:09
He was arrested because there were transfers of eight million dollars
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Alikamatwa kwasababu kulikuwa na hamisho la kiasi cha dola za kimarekani milioni 8
02:14
that went into some dormant accounts
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ambazo zilienda katika akaunti hewa
02:17
that belonged to him and his family.
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ambazo alikuwa akizimiliki yeye pamoja na familia yake.
02:21
This arrest occurred because there was cooperation
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Kukamatwa kwake kuliwezekana kwasababu kulikuwa na ushirikiano
02:23
between the London Metropolitan Police
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baina ya Polisi wa mji wa London
02:26
and the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission of Nigeria --
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na Tume ya Uhalifu wa Kiuchumi na Fedha ya Nigeria --
02:29
led by one of our most able and courageous people: Mr. Nuhu Ribadu.
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inayoongozwa na mtu wenye uwezo na ujasiri: Bwana Nuhu Ribadu.
02:36
Alamieyeseigha was arraigned in London.
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Alamieyeseigha alikamatwa mjini London.
02:39
Due to some slip-ups, he managed to escape dressed as a woman
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Kutokana na udhaifu, alifanikiwa kutoroka akiwa amevalia kama mwanamke
02:43
and ran from London back to Nigeria where,
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na kukimbia kutoka London kurudi Nigeria ambako,
02:46
according to our constitution, those in office
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kwa mujibu wa katiba, wale walio madarakani
02:50
as governors, president -- as in many countries --
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kama magavana, rais – kama ilivyo kwenye nchi nyingi --
02:52
have immunity and cannot be prosecuted. But what happened:
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wana kinga na hawawezi kushtakiwa. Lakini nini kilitokea:
02:57
people were so outraged by this behavior that it was possible
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watu walikasirishwa sana na tabia hii na iliwezekana
03:01
for his state legislature to impeach him and get him out of office.
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kwa sheria za jimbo lake kumvua madaraka.
03:08
Today, Alams -- as we call him for short -- is in jail.
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Leo, Alams – kama tumuitavyo kwa kifupi – yuko jela.
03:11
This is a story about the fact that people in Africa
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Hii ni hadithi kuhusu ukweli kwamba watu wa Afrika
03:16
are no longer willing to tolerate corruption from their leaders.
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hawako tayari tena kuvumilia rushwa kutoka kwa viongozi wao.
03:22
This is a story about the fact that people want their resources
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Hii ni hadithi kuhusu ukweli kwamba watu wanataka rasilimali zao
03:27
managed properly for their good, and not taken out to places
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zidhibitiwe vizuri kwa manufaa yao, na sio kupelekwa sehemu
03:32
where they'll benefit just a few of the elite.
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ambako itawanufaisha mabwanyenye wachache.
03:35
And therefore, when you hear about the corrupt Africa --
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Kwa hiyo, unaposikia kuhusu Afrika ya rushwa --
03:39
corruption all the time -- I want you to know that the people
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rushwa kila mara – Ninataka mfahamu kuwa watu
03:43
and the governments are trying hard to fight this
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na serikali wanajitahidi sana kupambana na tatizo hili
03:46
in some of the countries, and that some successes are emerging.
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katika baadhi ya nchi, na kwamba mafanikio yanaanza kuonekana.
03:50
Does it mean the problem is over? The answer is no.
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Inamaana kuwa tatizo limekwisha? Jibu ni hapana.
03:53
There's still a long way to go, but that there's a will there.
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Bado kuna safari ndefu, lakini pia kuna nia.
03:57
And that successes are being chalked up on this very important fight.
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Mafanikio yanaandikwa juu ya mapigano ya jambo hili muhimu.
04:01
So when you hear about corruption,
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Kwa hiyo mnaposikia kuhusu rushwa,
04:03
don't just feel that nothing is being done about this --
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msifikiri kwamba hakuna linalotendeka kuhusu hili --
04:06
that you can't operate in any African country
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na kwamba hamuwezi kufanya kazi katika nchi yeyote Afrika
04:09
because of the overwhelming corruption. That is not the case.
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kwasababu ya rushwa. Hiyo si kweli.
04:12
There's a will to fight, and in many countries, that fight is ongoing
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Kuna nia ya kupambana na rushwa, na katika nchi nyingi, mapambano hayo yanaendelea
04:18
and is being won. In others, like mine,
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na mafanikio yanaonekana. Katika nchi nyingine, kama yangu,
04:22
where there has been a long history of dictatorship in Nigeria,
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ambako kumekuwa na historia ndefu ya kidikteta nchini Nigeria,
04:25
the fight is ongoing and we have a long way to go.
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mapambano bado yanaendelea, na bado tuna safari ndefu.
04:29
But the truth of the matter is that this is going on.
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Ukweli wa mambo ni kwamba mapambano bado yanaendelea.
04:34
The results are showing:
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Matokeo yanaonekana:
04:36
independent monitoring by the World Bank and other organizations
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tathmini huru ya Benki ya Dunia na mashirika mengine
04:40
show that in many instances the trend is downwards
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inaonyesha kuwa mwelekeo juu ya rushwa unapungua
04:44
in terms of corruption, and governance is improving.
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na utawala unarekebika.
04:47
A study by the Economic Commission for Africa showed
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Utafiti uliofanywa na Tume ya Uchumi ya Afrika unaonyesha
04:51
a clear trend upwards in governance in 28 African countries.
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wazi mwelekeo mzuri wa utawala katika nchi 28 za Afrika.
04:55
And let me say just one more thing
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Ngoja niseme kitu kimoja zaidi
04:57
before I leave this area of governance.
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kabla sijamaliza kuzungumzia kuhusu utawala bora.
04:59
That is that people talk about corruption, corruption.
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Na ni kitu ambacho watu wanazungumzia kuhusu rushwa, rushwa.
05:02
All the time when they talk about it
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Kila mara wanapo zungumzia kuhusu hili
05:04
you immediately think about Africa.
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mara moja unafikiria Afrika.
05:06
That's the image: African countries. But let me say this:
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Hiyo ndio picha: Nchi za Afrika. Lakini ngoja niseme hili:
05:10
if Alams was able to export eight million dollars into an account in London --
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iwapo Alams alifanikiwa kuhamisha dola za kimarekani milioni 8 kwenye akaunti mjini London --
05:18
if the other people who had taken money, estimated at
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kama watu wengine waliochukukua pesa wakikadiria kuwa
05:22
20 to 40 billion now of developing countries' monies
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kati ya bilioni 20 na 40 za pesa za nchi zinazoendelea
05:26
sitting abroad in the developed countries -- if they're able to do this,
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ziko nje ya nchi katika nchi zilizoendelea – kama wanaweza kufanyi hivi,
05:29
what is that? Is that not corruption?
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hiyo ni nini? Hiyo siyo rushwa?
05:33
In this country, if you receive stolen goods, are you not prosecuted?
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Katika nchi hii, kama ukipokea vitu vya wizi, haushitakiwi?
05:38
So when we talk about this kind of corruption, let us also think
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Kwa hiyo tukiongelea kuhusu aina hii ya rushwa, hebu pia tufikirie kuhusu
05:41
about what is happening on the other side of the globe --
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nini kinatokea katika upande mwingine wa dunia --
05:44
where the money's going and what can be done to stop it.
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ambako pesa hizo zinakwenda na nini kifanyike ili kuweza kuzuia hili.
05:48
I'm working on an initiative now, along with the World Bank,
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Kuna jambo ninalifanyia kazi kwa sasa, pamoja na Benki ya Dunia,
05:51
on asset recovery, trying to do what we can
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kuhusu kurudisha rasilimali, tunajaribu tuwezalo
05:54
to get the monies that have been taken abroad --
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kurudisha pesa ambazo zimepelekwa nje ya nchi --
05:57
developing countries' moneys -- to get that sent back.
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pesa za nchi zinazoendelea -- ili ziweze kurudishwa.
06:00
Because if we can get the 20 billion dollars sitting out there back,
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Kama tutaweza kurudisha dola bilioni 20 ambazo ziko nje,
06:03
it may be far more for some of these countries
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litakuwa jambo zuri sana kwa baadhi ya nchi hizi
06:06
than all the aid that is being put together.
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kuliko misaada yote ikiwekwa pamoja.
06:09
(Applause)
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(Makofi).
06:16
The second thing I want to talk about is the will for reform.
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Kitu cha pili ninachotaka kuzungumzia ni nia ya mageuzi.
06:20
Africans, after -- they're tired, we're tired
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Afrika, baada – wamechoka, tumechoka
06:24
of being the subject of everybody's charity and care.
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kuwa kitovu cha misaada kutoka kwa kila mtu.
06:29
We are grateful, but we know that
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Tunashukuru, ila tunajua kuwa
06:33
we can take charge of our own destinies if we have the will to reform.
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tunaweza kuchukua hatua juu ya uwezo wetu na kama tuna nia ya kufanya mabadiliko.
06:38
And what is happening in many African countries now is a realization
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Na kinachotokea katika nchi nyingi za Afrika sasa ni utambuzi kwamba
06:42
that no one can do it but us. We have to do it.
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hakuna anayeweza kufanya lolote ila sisi wenyewe. Ni lazima tufanye.
06:46
We can invite partners who can support us, but we have to start.
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Tunaweza kuwakaribisha washirika ambao wanaweza kutuunga mkono, lakini lazima tuanze wenyewe.
06:50
We have to reform our economies, change our leadership,
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Ni lazima turekebishe uchumi wetu, tubadilishe uongozi,
06:53
become more democratic, be more open to change and to information.
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tuwe na demokrasia zaidi, tuwe wazi kupokea mabadiliko na taarifa.
06:59
And this is what we started to do
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Na hiki ndicho tumeanza kukifanya
07:01
in one of the largest countries on the continent, Nigeria.
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katika mojawapo kati ya nchi kubwa kabisa katika bara, Nigeria.
07:04
In fact, if you're not in Nigeria, you're not in Africa.
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Hakika, kama hauko Nigeria, hauko Afrika.
07:07
I want to tell you that.
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Ninataka kuwaambia kuwa.
07:08
(Laughter)
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(Kicheko).
07:09
One in four sub-Saharan Africans is Nigerian,
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Mmoja kati ya waafrika wanne walio kusini mwa jangwa la Sahara ni Mnigeria,
07:13
and it has 140 million dynamic people -- chaotic people --
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na ina watu milioni 140 – watu wenye pilika --
07:19
but very interesting people. You'll never be bored.
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lakini watu wenye kuvutia. Hauwezi kuchoka.
07:23
(Laughter)
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(Kicheko).
07:24
What we started to do was to realize
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Tulichoanza kufanya ni kujua kwamba
07:26
that we had to take charge and reform ourselves.
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tunaweza kuchukua hatua na kujibadili wenyewe.
07:29
And with the support of a leader
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Na kwa msaada wa kiongozi
07:31
who was willing, at the time, to do the reforms,
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ambaye alikuwa na nia, kwa wakati ule, ya kufanya mabadiliko,
07:34
we put forward a comprehensive reform program,
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tunaandaa mpango madhubuti wa mabadiliko
07:36
which we developed ourselves.
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ambao tumeuandika wenyewe.
07:38
Not the International Monetary Fund. Not the World Bank,
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Si Shirika la Kimataifa la Fedha. Wala Benki ya Dunia,
07:41
where I worked for 21 years and rose to be a vice president.
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ambako nilifanya kazi kwa miaka 21 na kufikia cheo cha makamu wa rais.
07:45
No one can do it for you. You have to do it for yourself.
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Hakuna mtu anaweza kukufanyia. Inabidi ufanye mwenyewe.
07:47
We put together a program that would, one: get the state
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Tukaandaa mpango ambao kwanza, utafanya: kuiondoa serikali
07:51
out of businesses it had nothing -- it had no business being in.
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kwenye shughuli zisizo na manufaa -- zisizoihusu --
07:55
The state should not be in the business
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Serikali haitakiwi kufanya biashara
07:57
of producing goods and services
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ya uzalishaji na utoaji huduma
07:58
because it's inefficient and incompetent.
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kwasababu haina ufanisi na haina ujuzi.
08:01
So we decided to privatize many of our enterprises.
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Kwa hiyo tuliamua kubinafsisha mashirika yetu mengi.
08:05
(Applause)
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(Makofi).
08:10
We -- as a result, we decided to liberalize many of our markets.
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Sisi -- matokeo yake, tuliamua kuwa na soko huria.
08:14
Can you believe that prior to this reform --
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Unaweza kuamini kuwa kabla ya mabadiliko haya --
08:17
which started at the end of 2003, when I left Washington
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ambayo yalianza mwishoni mwa mwaka 2003, wakati nilipoondoka Washington
08:21
to go and take up the post of Finance Minister --
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kwenda kushika nafasi ya Waziri wa Fedha --
08:25
we had a telecommunications company that was only able to develop
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tulikuwa na kampuni ya simu ambayo iliweza kutoa huduma za simu za mezani
08:29
4,500 landlines in its entire 30-year history?
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4,500 katika historia yake ya miaka 30?
08:34
(Laughter)
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(Kicheko).
08:36
Having a telephone in my country was a huge luxury.
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Kuwa na simu katika nchi yangu lilikuwa ni jambo la kifahari sana.
08:39
You couldn't get it. You had to bribe.
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Usingeweza kupata. Ilibidi uhonge.
08:41
You had to do everything to get your phone.
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Ilibidi ufanye kila uwezalo ili kupata simu.
08:43
When President Obasanjo supported and launched
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Rais Obasanjo aliunga mkono na kuzindua
08:46
the liberalization of the telecommunications sector,
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kulegezwa kwa masharti katika sekta ya mawasiliano
08:51
we went from 4,500 landlines to 32 million GSM lines, and counting.
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tumepanda kutoka simu 4,500 za mezani kufikia simu milioni 32 zenye GSM, na zinaongezeka.
08:59
Nigeria's telecoms market is the second-fastest growing in the world,
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Soko la mawasiliano la Nigeria ni la pili kwa ukuaji duniani kote,♪
09:04
after China. We are getting investments of about a billion dollars a year
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ikiwa imetanguliwa na China. Tunapata uwekezaji wa takriban dola bilioni 1 kwa mwaka
09:09
in telecoms. And nobody knows, except a few smart people.
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katika mawasiliano. Na hakuna mtu anayejua, isipokuwa kwa wajanja wachache.
09:15
(Laughter)
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(Kicheko).
09:18
The smartest one, first to come in,
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Wajanja wa kwanza kuja
09:22
was the MTN company of South Africa.
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walikuwa ni kampuni ya MTN ya Afrika Kusini.
09:24
And in the three years that I was Finance Minister,
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Katika miaka mitatu niliyokuwa Waziri wa Fedha,
09:28
they made an average of 360 million dollars profit per year.
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wamepata wastani wa dola milioni 360 kwa mwaka.
09:33
360 million in a market -- in a country that is a poor country,
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milioni 360 katika soko – katika nchi ambayo ni maskini,
09:39
with an average per capita income just under 500 dollars per capita.
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yenye wastani wa pato la taifa chini ya dola 500.
09:44
So the market is there.
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Kwahiyo soko lipo hapo.
09:46
When they kept this under wraps, but soon others got to know.
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Walilifanya hili siri, lakini baadae wengine nao walianza kujua.
09:50
Nigerians themselves began to develop
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Wanageria wenyewe walianzisha
09:53
some wireless telecommunications companies,
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makampuni ya mawasiliano ya simu zisizotumia waya
09:55
and three or four others have come in.
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na wengine kama watatu wane hivi wameingia.
09:57
But there's a huge market out there,
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Lakini bado kuna soko kubwa sana,
10:00
and people don't know about it, or they don't want to know.
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na watu hawajui kuhusu hili, au hawataki kujua.
10:05
So privatization is one of the things we've done.
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Kwa hiyo ubinafsishaji ni jambo mojawapo tulilofanya.
10:08
The other thing we've also done is to manage our finances better.
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Kitu kingine tulichofanya ni kusimamia vizuri masuala yetu ya fedha.
10:15
Because nobody's going to help you and support you
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Kwasababu hakuna atakayekusaidia na kukuongoza
10:18
if you're not managing your own finances well.
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iwapo hudhibiti fedha zako vizuri.
10:21
And Nigeria, with the oil sector, had the reputation
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Na Nigeria, ikiwa na sekta ya mafuta, ilikuwa na sifa
10:25
of being corrupt and not managing its own public finances well.
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ya rushwa na kutosimamia vizuri masuala ya fedha za umma.
10:30
So what did we try to do? We introduced a fiscal rule
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Je tulijaribu kufanya nini? Tulianzisha sheria ya fedha
10:35
that de-linked our budget from the oil price.
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ambayo ilitenganisha bajeti yetu na bei ya mafuta.
10:37
Before we used to just budget on whatever oil we bring in,
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Zamani tulikuwa tumezoea kubajeti kutokana na kipato ambacho tulikipata kutokana na mafuta,
10:41
because oil is the biggest, most revenue-earning sector
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kwasababu mafuta ndiyo sekta kuu ya mapato
10:46
in the economy: 70 percent of our revenues come from oil.
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katika uchumi: asilimia 70 ya mapato yetu yanatokana na mafuta.
10:49
We de-linked that, and once we did it, we began to budget
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Tulitenganisha hilo, na tulipofanya hivyo tulianza kubajeti
10:53
at a price slightly lower than the oil price
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kwa bei ambayo ilikuwa chini kidogo ya bei ya mafuta
10:56
and save whatever was above that price.
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na kuhifadhi chochote cha ziada juu ya bei hiyo.
11:01
We didn't know we could pull it off; it was very controversial.
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Hatukuweza kujua kama tungeweza kufanikisha, ilikuwa ni utata sana.®
11:04
But what it immediately did was that the volatility
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Lakini kitu ambacho kilitokea haraka ilikuwa ni mabadiliko
11:07
that had been present in terms of our economic development --
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ambayo yalikuwepo kwa maendeleo yetu ya uchumi --
11:10
where, even if oil prices were high, we would grow very fast.
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ambapo, hata kama bei ya mafuta ingekuwa juu, tungekuwa haraka sana.
11:14
When they crashed, we crashed.
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Wakati zilipoanguka, tulianguka.
11:16
And we could hardly even pay anything, any salaries, in the economy.
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Na tulikuwa tunashindwa kulipia chochote, hata mishahara, katika uchumi.
11:21
That smoothened out. We were able to save, just before I left,
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Hii ilisawazisha. Tuliweza kuweka akiba, kabla sijaondoka,
11:25
27 billion dollars. Whereas -- and this went to our reserves --
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dola bilioni 27. Ambapo – hii ilienda kwenye hazina yetu --
11:31
when I arrived in 2003, we had seven billion dollars in reserves.
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wakati nilipofika mwaka 2003, tulikuwa na dola billion 7 kwenye akiba.
11:36
By the time I left, we had gone up to almost 30 billion dollars. And
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Na wakati naondoka, tulikuwa na karibu dola bilioni 30. Na
11:39
as we speak now, we have about 40 billion dollars in reserves
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tunavyoongea sasa, tuna dola bilioni 40 kwenye akiba
11:43
due to proper management of our finances.
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hii ni kutokana na usimamizi mzuri wa fedha zetu.
11:48
And that shores up our economy, makes it stable.
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Hii inasaidia kutuliza uchumi wetu, kuufanya uwe imara.
11:51
Our exchange rate that used to fluctuate all the time
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Thamani ya fedha yetu ilikuwa ikibadilika kila mara
11:54
is now fairly stable and being managed so that business people
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kwa sasa ipo angalau imara na kusimamiwa, ili wafanyabiashara
11:58
have a predictability of prices in the economy.
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wawe na uhakika wa bei katika uchumi.
12:05
We brought inflation down from 28 percent to about 11 percent.
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Tuliweza kudhibiti mfumuko bei kutoka asilimia 28 mpaka karibu asilimia 11.
12:11
And we had GDP grow from an average of 2.3 percent the previous decade
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Na pato letu la taifa liliongezeka kutoka wastani wa asilimia 2.3 kwa muongo uliopita
12:17
to about 6.5 percent now.
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mpaka kufikia asilimia 6.5 sasa.
12:21
So all the changes and reforms we were able to make
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Kwa hiyo mabadiliko yote tuliyoweza kufanya
12:24
have shown up in results that are measurable in the economy.
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yameweza kuonekana kwa vitendo ambavyo vinaweza kuonekana katika uchumi.
12:27
And what is more important, because we want to get away from oil
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Na kitu cha muhimu zaidi, ni kwasababu tunataka kuondokana na mafuta
12:31
and diversify -- and there are so many opportunities
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na kupanua wigo zaidi – na kuna fursa nyingi sana
12:33
in this one big country, as in many countries in Africa --
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katika nchi hii kubwa, kama ilivyo katika nchi nyingine za Afrika --
12:38
what was remarkable is that much of this growth came
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kilichotia fora zaidi ni huu ukuaji haukutoka
12:41
not from the oil sector alone, but from non-oil.
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kwenye sekta mafuta pekee, bali sekta nyingine pia.
12:44
Agriculture grew at better than eight percent.
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Kilimo kilikuwa kwa wastani wa asilimi 8.
12:47
As telecoms sector grew, housing and construction,
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Sekta ya mawasiliano ilikuwa, makazi na ujenzi,
12:51
and I could go on and on. And this is to illustrate to you that
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na ninaweza kuendelea zaidi na zaidi. Na hii ni kuwaonyesha kwamba
12:56
once you get the macro-economy straightened out,
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uchumi wako unaporekebishika,
12:58
the opportunities in various other sectors are enormous.
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fursa katika sekta nyingine zipo nyingi.
13:03
We have opportunities in agriculture, like I said.
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Tuna frusa katika kilimo, kama nilivyosema.
13:06
We have opportunities in solid minerals. We have a lot of minerals
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Tuna fursa katika madini. Tuna madini mengi
13:10
that no one has even invested in or explored. And we realized
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ambako hakuna mtu amewekeza katika utafutaji. Tumegundua
13:13
that without the proper legislation to make that possible,
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kuwa bila kuwa na sera sahihi za kuwezesha,
13:16
that wouldn't happen. So we've now got a mining code
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hilo halitawezekana. Sasa tuna sheria ya uchimbaji madini
13:19
that is comparable with some of the best in the world.
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ambayo inalinganishwa na sheria nyingine bora duniani.
13:23
We have opportunities in housing and real estate.
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Tuna fursa katika makazi na usimamizi wa majumba.
13:25
There was nothing in a country of 140 million people --
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Kulikuwa hakuna chochote katika nchi ya watu milioni 140 --
13:29
no shopping malls as you know them here.
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hakuna maduka makubwa kama myajuavyo hapa.
13:35
This was an investment opportunity for someone
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Hii inaweza kuwa fursa kwa mtu fulani
13:38
that excited the imagination of people.
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ambayo ilitia chachu ya kufikiria kwa watu.
13:41
And now, we have a situation in which the businesses in this mall
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Sasa tuna mazingira ambayo biashara katika maduka haya makubwa
13:44
are doing four times the turnover that they had projected.
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yanapata faida mara nne ya ilivyokadiriwa.
13:48
So, huge things in construction, real estate,
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Kwa hiyo mambo makubwa kwenye ujenzi, mali isiyohamishika,
13:51
mortgage markets. Financial services:
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Masoko ya rehani. Huduma za fedha
13:54
we had 89 banks. Too many not doing their real business.
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tulikuwa na Benki 89. Nyingi hazifanyi biashara iliyokusudiwa.
13:58
We consolidated them from 89 to 25 banks by requiring
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Tulizizatiti kutoka 89 kufikia Benki 25 kwa
14:02
that they increase their capital -- share capital.
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waongeze mtaji wao -- gawio la mtaji.
14:07
And it went from about 25 million dollars to 150 million dollars.
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Ilikuwa kutoka dola milioni 25 mpaka dola milioni 150.
14:12
The banks -- these banks are now consolidated, and that strengthening
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Benki, Benki hizi sasa zimejizatiti na kuimarishwa
14:16
of the banking system has attracted a lot of investment from outside.
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mfumo wa Benki umevutia wamekezaji wengi kutoka nje.
14:20
Barclays Bank of the U.K. is bringing in 500 million.
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Benki ya Barclays kutoka Uingereza inaingiza milioni 500.
14:24
Standard Chartered has brought in 140 million.
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Standard Chartered imeingiza milioni 140.
14:28
And I can go on. Dollars, on and on, into the system.
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Ninaweza kuendelea zaidi. Dola zaidi na zaidi, ndani ya mfumo.
14:31
We are doing the same with the insurance sector.
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Tunafanya hivyo hivyo kwenye sekta ya bima.
14:33
So in financial services, a great deal of opportunity.
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Kwa hiyo kwenye huduma za fedha, kuna fursa kubwa zaidi.
14:36
In tourism, in many African countries, a great opportunity.
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Kwenye utalii, katika nchi nyingi za Kiafrika, ni fursa kubwa.
14:42
And that's what many people know East Africa for:
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Na hii ndiyo sababu kubwa ya kuwa watu wengi wanaifahamu Afrika Mashariki kwa:
14:46
the wildlife, the elephants, and so on.
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wanyama pori, tembo na kadhalika.
14:49
But managing the tourism market in a way
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Lakini kusimimamia soko la utalii ili
14:51
that can really benefit the people is very important.
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liweze kuwanufaisha watu ni muhimu sana.
14:55
So what am I trying to say? I'm trying to tell you
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Sasa ninachojaribu kusema ni nini? Najaribu kuwaambia
14:58
that there's a new wave on the continent.
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kuna wimbi jipya katika bara.
15:01
A new wave of openness and democratization in which, since 2000,
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Wimbi la uwazi na demokrasia ambapo tangu mwaka 2000,
15:06
more than two-thirds of African countries have had
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zaidi ya theluthi mbili ya nchi za Afrika zimefanya
15:08
multi-party democratic elections.
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uchaguzi wa kidemokrasia wa vyama vingi.
15:11
Not all of them have been perfect, or will be,
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Si zote zilikuwa kamilifu, au zitakuwa,
15:14
but the trend is very clear.
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lakini mwelekeo uko wazi.
15:16
I'm trying to tell you that since the past three years,
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Ninajaribu kuwaelezea kwamba toka miaka mitatu iliyopita
15:20
the average rate of growth on the continent has moved
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wastani wa ukuaji wa uchumi katika bara umeongezeka
15:23
from about 2.5 percent to about five percent per annum.
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kutoka karibu asilimia 2.5 mpaka asilimia 5 kwa mwaka.
15:27
This is better than the performance of many OECD countries.
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Hii ni bora zaidi ya ufanisi wa nchi nyingi za OECD.
15:32
So it's clear that things are changing.
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Kwahiyo ni wazi kwamba mambo yanabadilika.
15:36
Conflicts are down on the continent;
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Migogoro imepungua barani;
15:39
from about 12 conflicts a decade ago,
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kutoka migogoro 12 kwa muongo uliopita,
15:41
we are down to three or four conflicts --
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kufikia migogoro mitatu au minne,
15:43
one of the most terrible, of course, of which is Darfur.
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Mojawapo ya migogoro mibaya zaidi, kwa hakika, ni ule wa Darfur.
15:46
And, you know, you have the neighborhood effect where
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Na kama ujuavyo, kuna athari kwa majirani, iwapo
15:49
if something is going on in one part of the continent,
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kuna jambo linatokea upande mmoja wa bara,
15:51
it looks like the entire continent is affected.
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inaonekana kama bara zima limeathirika.
15:54
But you should know that this continent is not --
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Lakini ni vema muelewe kwamba hili bara --
15:57
is a continent of many countries, not one country.
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ni bara lenye nchi nyingi na si nchi moja.
16:03
And if we are down to three or four conflicts,
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Na iwapo tuna migogoro mitatu minne hivi,
16:05
it means that there are plenty of opportunities to invest
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ina maana kuwa kuna fursa nyingi za kuwekeza
16:08
in stable, growing, exciting economies
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katika uchumi ulio imara, unaokua na wenye kusisimua
16:15
where there's plenty of opportunity.
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ambako kuna fursa nyingi sana.
16:19
And I want to just make one point about this investment.
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Ningependa kutoa dokezo moja kuhusu uwekezaji huu.
16:24
The best way to help Africans today
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Namna nzuri ya kuisaidia Afrika sasa
16:27
is to help them to stand on their own feet.
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ni kuwasaidia waweze kusimama wenyewe.
16:30
And the best way to do that is by helping create jobs.
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Na namna nzuri ya kufanya hivyo ni kusaidia kuleta ajira.
16:35
There's no issue with fighting malaria and putting money in that
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Hakuna tatizo katika kupambana na malaria na kuwekeza pesa kwenye hilo
16:39
and saving children's lives. That's not what I'm saying. That is fine.
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na kuokoa maisha ya watoto. Sina maana hiyo. Hilo ni sawa.
16:44
But imagine the impact on a family: if the parents can be employed
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Lakini fikiria tofauti itakayokuwa kwenye familia: iwapo wazazi wanaweza kuwa na ajira
16:48
and make sure that their children go to school,
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na wakahakikisha watoto wao wanakwenda shule,
16:50
that they can buy the drugs to fight the disease themselves.
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kwamba wanaweza kununua dawa za kupambana na magonjwa wao wenyewe.
16:53
If we can invest in places where you yourselves make money
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Kama tunaweza kuwekeza kwenye maeneo ambayo nyinyi wenyewe mnapata faida
16:57
whilst creating jobs and helping people stand on their own feet,
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wakati huo huo mkitengeneza ajira na kuwasaidia watu wasimame wenyewe,
17:02
isn't that a wonderful opportunity? Isn't that the way to go?
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hii siyo fursa nzuri? Hii si ndiyo njia ya kufuata?
17:07
And I want to say that some of the best people to invest in
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Na nataka kusema jambo kuhusu watu bora zaidi wa kuwawekezea
17:10
on the continent are the women.
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katika bara hili ni wanawake.
17:13
(Applause)
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(Makofi).
17:20
I have a CD here. I'm sorry that I didn't say anything on time.
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Nina CD hapa. Samahani sikusema kwa wakati muafaka.
17:25
Otherwise, I would have liked you to have seen this.
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Lakini, ningependa mngekuwa mmeiangalia.
17:27
It says, "Africa: Open for Business."
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Inasema, "Afrika: Iko wazi kwa Biashara."
17:31
And this is a video that has actually won an award
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Na video hii imeshinda tuzo
17:34
as the best documentary of the year.
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kama makala bora ya mwaka.
17:36
Understand that the woman who made it
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Elewa kwamba mwanamke aliyetengeneza makala hii
17:38
is going to be in Tanzania, where they're having the session in June.
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atakuwa Tanzania, ambako watakuwa na kongamano mwezi Juni.
17:44
But it shows you Africans, and particularly African women, who
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Lakini hii inakuonyesha kwamba Waafrika, na hususani wanawake wa Afrika, ambao
17:49
against all odds have developed businesses, some of them world-class.
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pamoja na matatizo yote wameweza kuanzisha biashara, nyingine ni za kiwango cha kimataifa.
17:54
One of the women in this video, Adenike Ogunlesi,
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Mmoja kati ya wanawake katika video hii, Adenike Ogunlesi,
17:57
making children's clothes --
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anashona nguo za watoto
17:59
which she started as a hobby and grew into a business.
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kitu ambacho alianza kama kujifurahisha na ikakua na kuwa biashara.
18:04
Mixing African materials, such as we have,
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Akichanganya vitambaa vya Kiafrika ambavyo tunavyo,
18:08
with materials from elsewhere.
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na vitambaa vingine kutoka sehemu nyingine.
18:09
So, she'll make a little pair of dungarees with corduroys,
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Na hivyo, atatengeneza suruali kwa kutumia vitambaa vizito,
18:14
with African material mixed in. Very creative designs,
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ikiwa imechanganywa na vitambaa vya kiafrika. Ni ubunifu mzuri sana.
18:20
has reached a stage where she even had an order from Wal-Mart.
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Amefikai hatua ambapo anapata zabuni kutoka Wal-Mart.
18:24
(Laughter)
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(Kicheko).
18:26
For 10,000 pieces.
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Kwa nguo 10,000
18:29
So that shows you that we have people who are capable of doing.
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Kwa hiyo hii inawaonyesha kuwa tuna watu wenye uwezo wa kufanya mambo.
18:33
And the women are diligent. They are focused; they work hard.
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Wanawake wana juhudi, wako makini; wanachapa kazi.
18:38
I could go on giving examples:
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Naweza kuendelea kwa kutoa mifano:
18:40
Beatrice Gakuba of Rwanda, who opened up a flower business
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Beatrice Gakuba wa Rwanda, alifungua biashara ya maua
18:44
and is now exporting to the Dutch auction in Amsterdam each morning
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na sasa anayasafirisha kwenye mnada wa udachi huko Amsterdam kila asubuhi,
18:49
and is employing 200 other women and men to work with her.
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na ameajiri wanawake na wanaume takriban 200 kumsaidia kazi.
18:54
However, many of these are starved for capital to expand,
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Hata hivyo, wengi wao, wana kiu ya kupata mtaji wa kupanua biashara zao,
18:59
because nobody believes outside of our countries
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kwasababu hakuna anayeamini nje ya nchi zetu
19:02
that we can do what is necessary. Nobody thinks in terms of a market.
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tunaweza kufanya mambo ya maana. Hakuna mtu anayefikiria kwa mtazamo wa masoko.
19:07
Nobody thinks there's opportunity.
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Hakuna anyefikiria kuna fursa
19:10
But I'm standing here saying that those who miss the boat now,
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Nimesimama hapa kuwaambia wale waliochelewa jahazi kwa sasa,
19:13
will miss it forever.
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watalikosa milele.
19:15
So if you want to be in Africa, think about investing.
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Kwa hiyo iwapo unataka kuwa Afrika, fikiria kuwekeza.
19:22
Think about the Beatrices, think about the Adenikes of this world,
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Wafikirie akina Beatrice, wafikirie kina Adenike wa dunia hii.
19:28
who are doing incredible things, that are bringing them
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ambao wanafanya mambo makubwa ambayo yanawasogeza
19:31
into the global economy, whilst at the same time making sure
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katika uchumi wa dunia, wakati huo huo wakihakikisha
19:34
that their fellow men and women are employed,
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wanawake wenzao na wanaume wanapata ajira.
19:37
and that the children in those households get educated
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na kwamba watoto katika familia hizo wanapata elimu
19:39
because their parents are earning adequate income.
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kwa sababu wazazi wao wanapata kipato cha kuridhisha
19:43
So I invite you to explore the opportunities.
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Kwa hiyo nina wakaribisha kuja kutafuta fursa
19:48
When you go to Tanzania, listen carefully,
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Mtakapo kwenda Tanzania, sikilizeni kwa makini,
19:52
because I'm sure you will hear of the various openings that there will be
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kwasababu nina hakika mtasikia kuhusu fursa mbalimbali zilizopo
19:56
for you to get involved in something that will do good
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ili muweze kushiriki katika kufanya mambo mazuri
20:01
for the continent, for the people and for yourselves.
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kwa bara hili, kwa watu wake na kwenu wenyewe
20:06
Thank you very much.
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Asanteni sana.
20:07
(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala - EconomistNgozi Okonjo-Iweala is a respected global economist.
Why you should listen
Okonjo-Iweala was the Finance Minister of Nigeria, Africa’s largest economy, from 2003 to 2006, and then briefly the country’s Foreign Affairs Minister, the first woman to hold either position. From 2011 to 2015 she was again named Minister of Finance and Coordinating Minister for the Economy of Nigeria. Between those terms, from 2007 to 2011, she was one of the managing director of the World Bank and a candidate to the organization’s presidency. She is now a senior advisor at financial advisory and asset management firm Lazard, and she chairs the Board of the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization. At the World Bank, she worked for change in Africa and assistance for low-income countries. As Finance Minister, she attacked corruption to make Nigeria more transparent and desirable for investment and jobs, an activism that attracted criticism from circles opposed to reform.
Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala | Speaker | TED.com