TED2007
Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala: Want to help Africa? Do business here
Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala o poslovanju u Africi
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Znamo za negativnu sliku o Africi -- glad i bolest, sukob i korupcija. No Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala kaže da postoji druga, manje poznata priča koja se događa u mnogim afričkim nacijama. Priča o reformi, ekonomskom rastu i poslovnim prilikama.
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:30
Thank you very much, Chris. Everybody who came up here
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Puno hvala, Chris. Svi koji su bili ovdje
00:33
said they were scared. I don't know if I'm scared,
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su rekli da su bili uplašeni. Ne znam jesam li uplašena,
00:37
but this is my first time of addressing an audience like this.
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ali ovo je prvi puta da se obraćam publici kao što je ova.
00:41
And I don't have any smart technology for you to look at.
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Nemam nikakvu pametnu tehnologiju za pokazivanje.
00:45
There are no slides, so you'll just have to be content with me.
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Nema slajdova, tako da ćete morati biti zadovoljni samo sa mnom.
00:48
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
00:51
What I want to do this morning is share with you a couple of stories
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Ovo jutro želim s vama podijeliti par priča
00:57
and talk about a different Africa.
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i pričati o drugačijoj Africi.
01:00
Already this morning there were some allusions to the Africa
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Jutros smo već imali aluzije na Afriku
01:04
that you hear about all the time: the Africa of HIV/AIDS,
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o kojoj čujete cijelo vrijeme: Afrika zaražena SIDA/HIV-om,
01:09
the Africa of malaria, the Africa of poverty, the Africa of conflict,
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Afrika zaražena malarijom, osiromašena Afrika, Afrika u sukobu
01:15
and the Africa of disasters.
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i Afrika katostrofa.
01:18
While it is true that those things are going on,
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Iako je istina da se takve stvari događaju,
01:22
there's an Africa that you don't hear about very much.
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postoji Afrika o kojoj ne čujete baš previše.
01:26
And sometimes I'm puzzled, and I ask myself why.
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Ponekad sam zbunjena i zapitam se zašto,
01:30
This is the Africa that is changing, that Chris alluded to.
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Ovo je Afrika koja se mijenja, na koju je Chris skrenuo pozornost.
01:34
This is the Africa of opportunity.
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Ovo je Afrika mogućnosti.
01:36
This is the Africa where people want to take charge of
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Ovo je Afrika gdje ljudi žele preuzeti odgovornost
01:39
their own futures and their own destinies.
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o svojoj budućnosti i vlastitoj sudbini.
01:41
And this is the Africa where people are looking for partnerships
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To je Afrika gdje ljudi traže partnerstva
01:44
to do this. That's what I want to talk about today.
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kako bi to ostvarili. O tome želim danas pričati.
01:48
And I want to start by telling you
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Želim početi pričati
01:50
a story about that change in Africa.
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priču o promjeni u Africi.
01:53
On 15th of September 2005, Mr. Diepreye Alamieyeseigha,
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15. rujna 2005. gosp. Diepreye Alamieyeseigha,
01:58
a governor of one of the oil-rich states of Nigeria,
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guverner jedne od država bogatih naftom u Nigeriji
02:02
was arrested by the London Metropolitan Police on a visit to London.
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je uhićen u posjetu Londonu od strane London Metropolitan policije.
02:09
He was arrested because there were transfers of eight million dollars
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Uhićen je jer su postojali transferi u vrijednosti 8 milijuna dolara
02:14
that went into some dormant accounts
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na skrivene račune
02:17
that belonged to him and his family.
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koji su pripadali njemu i njegovoj obitelji.
02:21
This arrest occurred because there was cooperation
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Ovo uhićenje se dogodilo zbog suradnje
02:23
between the London Metropolitan Police
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između London Metropolitan policije
02:26
and the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission of Nigeria --
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i Odbora za ekonomske i financijske zločine u Nigeriji --
02:29
led by one of our most able and courageous people: Mr. Nuhu Ribadu.
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vođenog od jednog od najsposobnijih i hrabrih ljudi: gosp. Nuhu Ribadua.
02:36
Alamieyeseigha was arraigned in London.
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Alamieyeseigha je bio optužen u Londonu.
02:39
Due to some slip-ups, he managed to escape dressed as a woman
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Zahvaljujući nekim propustima uspio je pobjeći obučen kao žena
02:43
and ran from London back to Nigeria where,
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iz Londona nazad u Nigeriju,
02:46
according to our constitution, those in office
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gdje prema našem ustavu, članovi vlade
02:50
as governors, president -- as in many countries --
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kao što su guverneri, predsjednici -- kao u mnogim zemljama --
02:52
have immunity and cannot be prosecuted. But what happened:
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imaju imunitet te ne mogu biti optuženi. No sljedeće se dogodilo:
02:57
people were so outraged by this behavior that it was possible
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ljudi su bili toliko ogorčeni njegovim ponašanjem da je bilo moguće
03:01
for his state legislature to impeach him and get him out of office.
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da ga državno zakonodavstvo opozove s dužnosti i izbaci iz vlade.
03:08
Today, Alams -- as we call him for short -- is in jail.
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Danas je Alams -- kako ga skraćeno nazivamo -- u zatvoru.
03:11
This is a story about the fact that people in Africa
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Ovo je priča o činjenici kako ljudi u Africi
03:16
are no longer willing to tolerate corruption from their leaders.
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više ne žele tolerirati korupciju svojih vođa.
03:22
This is a story about the fact that people want their resources
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Ovo je priča o činjenica kako ljudi žele da se njihovim resursima
03:27
managed properly for their good, and not taken out to places
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upravlja za njihovu dobrobit, a ne da se odnose na mjesta
03:32
where they'll benefit just a few of the elite.
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gdje će koristiti samo elitnim pojedincima.
03:35
And therefore, when you hear about the corrupt Africa --
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I zato kada čujete o korumpiranoj Africi --
03:39
corruption all the time -- I want you to know that the people
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korupcija cijelo vrijeme -- želim da znate kako se ljudi
03:43
and the governments are trying hard to fight this
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i vlade pokušavaju boriti protiv toga
03:46
in some of the countries, and that some successes are emerging.
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u nekim zemljama te da su nekim zemljama već postigli uspjeh.
03:50
Does it mean the problem is over? The answer is no.
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Znači li to kako je problem riješen? Odgovor je ne.
03:53
There's still a long way to go, but that there's a will there.
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Još uvijek ima puno toga za napraviti, ali volja postoji.
03:57
And that successes are being chalked up on this very important fight.
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Uspjesi se nižu jedan za drugim u ovoj važnoj bitci.
04:01
So when you hear about corruption,
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Kada čujete o korupciji
04:03
don't just feel that nothing is being done about this --
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nemojte misliti da se ništa ne poduzima u vezi toga --
04:06
that you can't operate in any African country
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kako ne možete poslovati ni u jednoj afričkoj zemlji
04:09
because of the overwhelming corruption. That is not the case.
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zbog beskrajne korupcije. To više nije slučaj.
04:12
There's a will to fight, and in many countries, that fight is ongoing
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Postoji volja za borbom i u mnogim državama borba se odvija
04:18
and is being won. In others, like mine,
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i dobija. U drugim zemljama, kao što je moja
04:22
where there has been a long history of dictatorship in Nigeria,
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gdje postoji duga povijest diktature
04:25
the fight is ongoing and we have a long way to go.
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bitka se odvija te imamo još puno toga za napraviti.
04:29
But the truth of the matter is that this is going on.
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Ali istina je da se ovo događa.
04:34
The results are showing:
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Rezultati su vidljivi:
04:36
independent monitoring by the World Bank and other organizations
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nezavisno nadgledanje Svjetske banke i drugih organizacija
04:40
show that in many instances the trend is downwards
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pokazuje kako je trend silazan
04:44
in terms of corruption, and governance is improving.
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u smislu korupcije te da se javno upravljanje popravlja.
04:47
A study by the Economic Commission for Africa showed
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Studija provedena od strane Afričkog ekonomskog odbora pokazala je
04:51
a clear trend upwards in governance in 28 African countries.
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jasan rastući trend u javnom upravljanju u 28 afričkih država.
04:55
And let me say just one more thing
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Htjela bih samo reći još jednu stvar
04:57
before I leave this area of governance.
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prije nego se maknem s teme o vladavini.
04:59
That is that people talk about corruption, corruption.
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Činjenica je kako ljudi stalno pričaju o korupciji
05:02
All the time when they talk about it
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i svo vrijeme dok pričaju o njoj
05:04
you immediately think about Africa.
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prvo pomislite na Afriku.
05:06
That's the image: African countries. But let me say this:
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To je slika afričkih zemalja. No htjela bih ovo reći:
05:10
if Alams was able to export eight million dollars into an account in London --
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da je Alams uspio prebaciti 8 milijuna dolara na račun u Londonu --
05:18
if the other people who had taken money, estimated at
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kao i drugi koji su uspjeli, procjenjuje se kako
05:22
20 to 40 billion now of developing countries' monies
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20 do 40 milijardi novca iz zemalja u razvoju
05:26
sitting abroad in the developed countries -- if they're able to do this,
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leži na računima razvijenih zemalja -- ako su oni to u mogućnosti učiniti
05:29
what is that? Is that not corruption?
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što je to? Zar to nije korupcija?
05:33
In this country, if you receive stolen goods, are you not prosecuted?
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Ako primite ukradene novce u ovoj zemlji zar ne biste trebali biti procesuirani?
05:38
So when we talk about this kind of corruption, let us also think
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Tako da kada pričamo o korupciji, idemo razmisliti
05:41
about what is happening on the other side of the globe --
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o tome što se događa na drugoj strani svijeta --
05:44
where the money's going and what can be done to stop it.
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tamo gdje novac odlazi i što možemo učiniti da to spriječimo.
05:48
I'm working on an initiative now, along with the World Bank,
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Trenutačno radim na inicijativi zajedno sa Svjetskom bankom
05:51
on asset recovery, trying to do what we can
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na povratu imovine, pokušavamo
05:54
to get the monies that have been taken abroad --
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vratiti novac koji je iznesen u inozemstvo --
05:57
developing countries' moneys -- to get that sent back.
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novac zemalja u razvoju -- kako bi ga vratili nazad.
06:00
Because if we can get the 20 billion dollars sitting out there back,
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Jer ako možemo vratiti 20 milijardi dolara koje su vani,
06:03
it may be far more for some of these countries
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to bi moglo značiti više za neke od zemalja
06:06
than all the aid that is being put together.
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nego sva pomoć zajedno.
06:09
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
06:16
The second thing I want to talk about is the will for reform.
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Druga stvar o kojoj želim pričati jest volja za reformom.
06:20
Africans, after -- they're tired, we're tired
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Afrikanci, poslije -- umorni su, mi smo umorni
06:24
of being the subject of everybody's charity and care.
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da budu subjekt svačijeg milosrđa i zabrinutosti.
06:29
We are grateful, but we know that
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Zahvalni smo, ali znamo kako
06:33
we can take charge of our own destinies if we have the will to reform.
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sami možemo upravljati svojim sudbinama ako imamo volju za reformom.
06:38
And what is happening in many African countries now is a realization
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Ono što se događa u afričkim zemljama je spoznaja
06:42
that no one can do it but us. We have to do it.
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da nitko to ne može učiniti osim nas. Mi to moramo učiniti.
06:46
We can invite partners who can support us, but we have to start.
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Možemo pozvati partnere koji će nas poduprijeti, ali mi moramo započeti.
06:50
We have to reform our economies, change our leadership,
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Moramo reformirati ekonomiju, promijeniti vodstvo,
06:53
become more democratic, be more open to change and to information.
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postati više demokratski i biti otvoreniji za promjene i informacije.
06:59
And this is what we started to do
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I to je ono što smo počeli raditi
07:01
in one of the largest countries on the continent, Nigeria.
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u jednoj od najvećih zemalja na kontinentu, Nigeriji.
07:04
In fact, if you're not in Nigeria, you're not in Africa.
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U stvari, ako nisi u Nigeriji, nisi u Africi.
07:07
I want to tell you that.
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To sam vam htjela reći.
07:08
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
07:09
One in four sub-Saharan Africans is Nigerian,
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Jedan od četiri subsaharska Afrikanca je Nigerijac,
07:13
and it has 140 million dynamic people -- chaotic people --
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i ona ima 140 milijuna dinamičkih ljudi -- kaotičnih ljudi --
07:19
but very interesting people. You'll never be bored.
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no vrlo zanimljivih ljudi. Nikada vam neće biti dosadno.
07:23
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
07:24
What we started to do was to realize
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Počeli smo shvaćati
07:26
that we had to take charge and reform ourselves.
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kako moramo sami preuzeti vodstvo i reformirati se.
07:29
And with the support of a leader
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Uz podršku vođe
07:31
who was willing, at the time, to do the reforms,
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koji je bio voljan, u to vrijeme, raditi reforme
07:34
we put forward a comprehensive reform program,
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sastavili smo opsežan program reformi
07:36
which we developed ourselves.
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koje smo sami razvili.
07:38
Not the International Monetary Fund. Not the World Bank,
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Ne Međunarodni monetarni fond. Ne Svjetska banka,
07:41
where I worked for 21 years and rose to be a vice president.
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gdje sam radila 21 godinu i uspjela postati potpredsjednica.
07:45
No one can do it for you. You have to do it for yourself.
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Nitko to ne može učiniti za vas. Morate to učiniti sami za sebe.
07:47
We put together a program that would, one: get the state
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Sastavili smo program koji će za početak maknuti državu
07:51
out of businesses it had nothing -- it had no business being in.
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iz poslovanja u kojem nije imala šta raditi.
07:55
The state should not be in the business
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Država ne bi trebala biti u poslu
07:57
of producing goods and services
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proizvodnje dobara i davanja usluga
07:58
because it's inefficient and incompetent.
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jer je neučinkovita i nesposobna.
08:01
So we decided to privatize many of our enterprises.
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Odlučili smo privatizirati mnoga naša poduzeća.
08:05
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
08:10
We -- as a result, we decided to liberalize many of our markets.
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Mi -- kao rezultat, odlučili smo liberalizirati mnoga naša tržišta.
08:14
Can you believe that prior to this reform --
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Možete li vjerovati da prije ove reforme --
08:17
which started at the end of 2003, when I left Washington
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koja je počela na kraju 2003., kada sam napustila Washington
08:21
to go and take up the post of Finance Minister --
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kako bih prihvatila mjesto ministrice financija --
08:25
we had a telecommunications company that was only able to develop
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imali smo telekomunikacijsku kompaniju koja je uspjela izgraditi
08:29
4,500 landlines in its entire 30-year history?
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4,500 fiksnih linija u cijelom svom 30-godišnjem poslovanju?
08:34
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
08:36
Having a telephone in my country was a huge luxury.
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Imati telefon u mojoj zemlji je bio ogroman luksuz.
08:39
You couldn't get it. You had to bribe.
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Niste ga mogli dobiti. Morali ste potkupiti nekoga.
08:41
You had to do everything to get your phone.
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Morali ste sve napraviti kako biste došli do telefona.
08:43
When President Obasanjo supported and launched
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Kada je predsjednik Obasanjo podržao i pokrenuo
08:46
the liberalization of the telecommunications sector,
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liberalizaciju telekomunikacijskog sektora,
08:51
we went from 4,500 landlines to 32 million GSM lines, and counting.
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otišli smo s 4,500 fiksnih linija na 32 milijuna GSM veza koje i dalje rastu.
08:59
Nigeria's telecoms market is the second-fastest growing in the world,
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Nigerijsko telefonsko tržište je drugo tržište na svijetu po rastu
09:04
after China. We are getting investments of about a billion dollars a year
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nakon Kine. Dobivamo investicije od oko milijardu dolara godišnje
09:09
in telecoms. And nobody knows, except a few smart people.
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u telekomunikacijama. I to nitko ne zna, osim nekoliko pametnih ljudi.
09:15
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
09:18
The smartest one, first to come in,
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Najpametnija, ona koja je prva došla,
09:22
was the MTN company of South Africa.
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je bila MTN kompanija iz Južne Afrike.
09:24
And in the three years that I was Finance Minister,
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Za vrijeme tri godine dok sam ja bila ministrica financija
09:28
they made an average of 360 million dollars profit per year.
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imali su u prosjeku 360 milijuna dolara dobiti godišnje.
09:33
360 million in a market -- in a country that is a poor country,
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360 milijuna na tržištu -- u zemlji koja je siromašna,
09:39
with an average per capita income just under 500 dollars per capita.
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s prosječnim prihodom po glavi stanovnika ispod 500 dolara.
09:44
So the market is there.
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Dakle, tržište postoji.
09:46
When they kept this under wraps, but soon others got to know.
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Pokušavali su to držati u tajnosti, ali uskoro su i drugi saznali.
09:50
Nigerians themselves began to develop
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I sami Nigerijci su počeli razvijati
09:53
some wireless telecommunications companies,
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bežične telekomunikacijske kompanije,
09:55
and three or four others have come in.
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a tri ili četiri druge su još došle.
09:57
But there's a huge market out there,
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Tamo postoji ogromno tržište,
10:00
and people don't know about it, or they don't want to know.
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ali ljudi ne znaju za njega ili ne žele znati.
10:05
So privatization is one of the things we've done.
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Privatizacija je jedna od stvari koju smo napravili.
10:08
The other thing we've also done is to manage our finances better.
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Druga stvar koju smo uspjeli jest bolje vođenje svojih financija.
10:15
Because nobody's going to help you and support you
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Jer nitko ti neće pomoći ili dati podršku,
10:18
if you're not managing your own finances well.
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ako ne vodiš dobro svoje financije.
10:21
And Nigeria, with the oil sector, had the reputation
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Nigerija je sa svojom naftnom industrijom imala ugled
10:25
of being corrupt and not managing its own public finances well.
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korumpirane zemlje koja loše vodi svoje financije.
10:30
So what did we try to do? We introduced a fiscal rule
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Što smo pokušali učiniti? Uveli smo fiskalno pravilo
10:35
that de-linked our budget from the oil price.
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koje je odvojilo naš proračun od cijene nafte.
10:37
Before we used to just budget on whatever oil we bring in,
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Prije smo potrošili onoliko novca koliko smo zaradili na nafti,
10:41
because oil is the biggest, most revenue-earning sector
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jer je nafta najveći i najprofitabilniji sektor
10:46
in the economy: 70 percent of our revenues come from oil.
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u našoj ekonomiji: 70% naših prihoda dolazi od nafte.
10:49
We de-linked that, and once we did it, we began to budget
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Odvojili smo to dvoje te smo nakon toga trošili
10:53
at a price slightly lower than the oil price
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nešto manje nego što je cijena nafte
10:56
and save whatever was above that price.
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i čuvali ostatak.
11:01
We didn't know we could pull it off; it was very controversial.
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Nismo znali hoćemo uspjeti; bilo je to jako kontroverzno.
11:04
But what it immediately did was that the volatility
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No ono što se odmah postiglo jest da je nestabilnost
11:07
that had been present in terms of our economic development --
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koja je bila prisutna u našoj ekonomiji --
11:10
where, even if oil prices were high, we would grow very fast.
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gdje, kada su cijene nafte bile visoke, mi bi rasli vrlo brzo.
11:14
When they crashed, we crashed.
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Kada su se srušile i mi smo se srušili.
11:16
And we could hardly even pay anything, any salaries, in the economy.
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I taba bi jedva mogli išta platiti, čak ni plaće.
11:21
That smoothened out. We were able to save, just before I left,
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Ta je nestabilnost nestala. Bili smo u mogućnosti uštedjeti, prije nego sam otišla,
11:25
27 billion dollars. Whereas -- and this went to our reserves --
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27 milijardi dolara. Gdje -- i to je otišlo u naše rezerve --
11:31
when I arrived in 2003, we had seven billion dollars in reserves.
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kada sam ja stigla 2003. imali smo sedam milijardi u rezervama.
11:36
By the time I left, we had gone up to almost 30 billion dollars. And
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Kada sam otišla, rezerve su skočile na skoro 30 milijardi dolara.
11:39
as we speak now, we have about 40 billion dollars in reserves
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Dok ovo govorim, imamo 40 milijardi dolara
11:43
due to proper management of our finances.
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zbog dobrog vođenja vlastitih financija.
11:48
And that shores up our economy, makes it stable.
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To podupire našu ekonomiju i čini ju stabilnom.
11:51
Our exchange rate that used to fluctuate all the time
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Naš tečaj koji je prije oscilirao cijelo vrijeme
11:54
is now fairly stable and being managed so that business people
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sada je prilično stabilan i upravljan kako bi poduzetnici
11:58
have a predictability of prices in the economy.
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mogli predvidjeti cijene u gospodarstvu.
12:05
We brought inflation down from 28 percent to about 11 percent.
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Smanjili smo inflaciju sa 28% na oko 11%.
12:11
And we had GDP grow from an average of 2.3 percent the previous decade
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Ubrzali smo rast BDP-a s prosječno 2.3% u prošlom desetljeću
12:17
to about 6.5 percent now.
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na otprilike 6.5% sada.
12:21
So all the changes and reforms we were able to make
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Sve promjene i reforme koje smo uspjeli napraviti
12:24
have shown up in results that are measurable in the economy.
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pokazale su mjerljive rezultate u našoj ekonomiji.
12:27
And what is more important, because we want to get away from oil
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I ono što je još važnije, jer se želimo udaljiti od nafte
12:31
and diversify -- and there are so many opportunities
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i diverzificirati -- postoji jako puno prilika
12:33
in this one big country, as in many countries in Africa --
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u ovoj velikoj zemlji, kao i mnogim drugim afričkim zemljama --
12:38
what was remarkable is that much of this growth came
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ono što je vrijedno pažnje je da je puno rasta došlo
12:41
not from the oil sector alone, but from non-oil.
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ne samo iz naftnog sektora nego i iz ostalih.
12:44
Agriculture grew at better than eight percent.
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Poljoprivreda je rasla više od 8%.
12:47
As telecoms sector grew, housing and construction,
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Kako je rastao telekomunikacijski sektor, rasla je stambena izgradnja
12:51
and I could go on and on. And this is to illustrate to you that
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i mogla bih dalje nabrajati. Ovo vam govorim kako bih pokazala kako
12:56
once you get the macro-economy straightened out,
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kada se jednom sredi makroekonomija,
12:58
the opportunities in various other sectors are enormous.
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prilike u drugim sektorima postaju ogromne.
13:03
We have opportunities in agriculture, like I said.
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Postoje mogućnosti u poljoprivredi, kao što sam već rekla.
13:06
We have opportunities in solid minerals. We have a lot of minerals
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Postoje mogućnosti u krutim rudama. Imamo puno minerala
13:10
that no one has even invested in or explored. And we realized
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u koje nitko nije uložio niti istražio. Shvatili smo
13:13
that without the proper legislation to make that possible,
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kako se to neće ostvariti bez dobrog zakonodavstva.
13:16
that wouldn't happen. So we've now got a mining code
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Sada imamo zakone o iskorišavanju ruda
13:19
that is comparable with some of the best in the world.
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koji su usporedivi s nekima od najboljih u svijetu.
13:23
We have opportunities in housing and real estate.
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Postoje mogućnosti u stambenoj gradnji i nekretninama.
13:25
There was nothing in a country of 140 million people --
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Nije bilo ničega u zemlji od 140 milijuna ljudi --
13:29
no shopping malls as you know them here.
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nije bilo trgovačkih centara kao što ih ovdje poznajete.
13:35
This was an investment opportunity for someone
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Ovo je bila investicijska prilika
13:38
that excited the imagination of people.
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koja je uzburkala maštu mnogih ljudi.
13:41
And now, we have a situation in which the businesses in this mall
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Sada imamo situaciju u kojoj poduzeća u trgovačkim centrima
13:44
are doing four times the turnover that they had projected.
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imaju četiri puta veći promet od predviđenog.
13:48
So, huge things in construction, real estate,
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Dakle, ogromne stvari u izgradnji, nekretninama i
13:51
mortgage markets. Financial services:
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tržištu hipoteka. Financijske usluge:
13:54
we had 89 banks. Too many not doing their real business.
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imali smo 89 banaka. Previše banaka koje nisu radile svoj pravi posao.
13:58
We consolidated them from 89 to 25 banks by requiring
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Konsolidirali smo ih s 89 na 25 zahtjevajući
14:02
that they increase their capital -- share capital.
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da povećaju svoj kapital -- temeljni kapital.
14:07
And it went from about 25 million dollars to 150 million dollars.
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Koji je skočio s oko 25 na 150 milijuna dolara.
14:12
The banks -- these banks are now consolidated, and that strengthening
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Banke -- ove banke su sada konsolidirane i ovo osnaživanje
14:16
of the banking system has attracted a lot of investment from outside.
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bankovnog sustava je privuklu puno vanjskih investicija.
14:20
Barclays Bank of the U.K. is bringing in 500 million.
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Barclys Bank iz Velike Britanije donosi 500 milijuna.
14:24
Standard Chartered has brought in 140 million.
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Standard Chartered je donio 140 milijuna.
14:28
And I can go on. Dollars, on and on, into the system.
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Mogu još nabrajati. Dolari neprestano ulaze u sustav.
14:31
We are doing the same with the insurance sector.
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Radimo istu stvar i s osiguravajućim sektorom.
14:33
So in financial services, a great deal of opportunity.
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Dakle u financijskom sektoru postoje velike prilike.
14:36
In tourism, in many African countries, a great opportunity.
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Turizam u mnogo afričkih zemalja je sjajna prilika.
14:42
And that's what many people know East Africa for:
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To je ono po čemu mnogo ljudi poznaje Istočnu Afriku:
14:46
the wildlife, the elephants, and so on.
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divlje životinje, slonovi itd.
14:49
But managing the tourism market in a way
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Upravljenje turističkim tržištem na način
14:51
that can really benefit the people is very important.
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na koji stvarno može koristiti ljudima je jako važno.
14:55
So what am I trying to say? I'm trying to tell you
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Što vam pokušavam reći? Pokušavam vam reći
14:58
that there's a new wave on the continent.
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kako je pokrenut novi val na kontinentu.
15:01
A new wave of openness and democratization in which, since 2000,
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Novi val otvorenosti i demokratizacije u kojem su od 2000.,
15:06
more than two-thirds of African countries have had
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više od dvije trećine afričkih zemalja imale
15:08
multi-party democratic elections.
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višestranačke demokratske izbore.
15:11
Not all of them have been perfect, or will be,
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Nisu svi od njih bili savršeni, niti će biti,
15:14
but the trend is very clear.
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ali je trend vrlo jasan.
15:16
I'm trying to tell you that since the past three years,
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Pokušavam vam reći kako je u prošle tri godine
15:20
the average rate of growth on the continent has moved
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prosječan rast na kontinentu otišao
15:23
from about 2.5 percent to about five percent per annum.
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s oko 2.5% na oko 5% godišnje.
15:27
This is better than the performance of many OECD countries.
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To je bolji učinak od mnogih zemalja OECD-a.
15:32
So it's clear that things are changing.
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Očito je kako se stvari mijenjaju.
15:36
Conflicts are down on the continent;
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Broj sukoba na kontinentu je pao
15:39
from about 12 conflicts a decade ago,
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s oko 12 u prošlom desetljeću
15:41
we are down to three or four conflicts --
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pali smo na tri ili četiri.
15:43
one of the most terrible, of course, of which is Darfur.
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Jedan od najgorih, naravno je Darfur.
15:46
And, you know, you have the neighborhood effect where
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Kao što znate postoji efekt susjedstva gdje
15:49
if something is going on in one part of the continent,
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ako se nešto događa na jednom dijelu kontinenta,
15:51
it looks like the entire continent is affected.
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izgleda kao da je zahvaćen cijeli kontinent.
15:54
But you should know that this continent is not --
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Trebali biste znati kako ovaj kontinent nije --
15:57
is a continent of many countries, not one country.
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ovo je kontinent puno zemalja, ne samo jedne zemlje.
16:03
And if we are down to three or four conflicts,
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Ako smo se spustili na tri ili četiri sukoba,
16:05
it means that there are plenty of opportunities to invest
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to znači da postoji puno prilika za investiciju
16:08
in stable, growing, exciting economies
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u stabilne, rastuće i uzbudljive ekonomije
16:15
where there's plenty of opportunity.
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prepune prilika.
16:19
And I want to just make one point about this investment.
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Htjela bih reći još samo jednu stvar o investicijama.
16:24
The best way to help Africans today
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Najbolji način za pomoći Afrikancima danas
16:27
is to help them to stand on their own feet.
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je pomoći im da stoje na vlastitim nogama.
16:30
And the best way to do that is by helping create jobs.
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A najbolji način za to je pomoći im da stvaraju radna mjesta.
16:35
There's no issue with fighting malaria and putting money in that
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Tu nemam dileme oko borbe protiv malarije i ulaganja novca u to
16:39
and saving children's lives. That's not what I'm saying. That is fine.
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i spašavanja dječjih života. To nije ono što želim reći. To je u redu.
16:44
But imagine the impact on a family: if the parents can be employed
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Ali zamislite utjecaj na obitelj: ako roditelji mogu biti zaposleni
16:48
and make sure that their children go to school,
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i osigurati odlazak svoje djece u školu
16:50
that they can buy the drugs to fight the disease themselves.
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kako bi kupili lijekove i sami se borili protiv bolesti.
16:53
If we can invest in places where you yourselves make money
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Ako možemo uložiti na mjesta gdje ćete i vi sami zaraditi novac
16:57
whilst creating jobs and helping people stand on their own feet,
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pritom stvarajući poslove i pomažući ljudima da stanu na vlastite noge,
17:02
isn't that a wonderful opportunity? Isn't that the way to go?
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nije li to izvrsna prilika? Nije li to pravi način?
17:07
And I want to say that some of the best people to invest in
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Htjela bih reći da su neki od najboljih ljudi za uložiti
17:10
on the continent are the women.
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na kontinentu žene.
17:13
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
17:20
I have a CD here. I'm sorry that I didn't say anything on time.
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Ovdje imam CD. Ispričavam se što nisam rekla ništa na vrijeme.
17:25
Otherwise, I would have liked you to have seen this.
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Inače bih htjela da ovo vidite.
17:27
It says, "Africa: Open for Business."
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Piše: "Afrika: Otvorena za poslovanje"
17:31
And this is a video that has actually won an award
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Ovaj video je dobio nagradu
17:34
as the best documentary of the year.
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za najbolji dokumentarac godine.
17:36
Understand that the woman who made it
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Zapamtite kako će žena koja ga je snimila
17:38
is going to be in Tanzania, where they're having the session in June.
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biti u Tanzaniji gdje imamo skup u lipnju.
17:44
But it shows you Africans, and particularly African women, who
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To pokazuje da su Afrikanci, a posebice afričke žene
17:49
against all odds have developed businesses, some of them world-class.
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unatoč svim nedaćama razvile poduzeća, neke od njih svjetske klase.
17:54
One of the women in this video, Adenike Ogunlesi,
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Jedna od žena u ovom videu, Adenike Ogunlesi
17:57
making children's clothes --
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izradom dječje odjeće --
17:59
which she started as a hobby and grew into a business.
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što je počela kao hobi koji je prerastao u posao.
18:04
Mixing African materials, such as we have,
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Miješajući afričke materijale koje imamo
18:08
with materials from elsewhere.
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s materijalima iz drugih zemalja.
18:09
So, she'll make a little pair of dungarees with corduroys,
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Dakle, napravila je par traperica s prugastim baršunom
18:14
with African material mixed in. Very creative designs,
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zajedno s afričkim materijalom. Vrlo kreativan dizajn.
18:20
has reached a stage where she even had an order from Wal-Mart.
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Dosegla je razinu da je čak imala i narudžbu iz Wal-Marta.
18:24
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
18:26
For 10,000 pieces.
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Za 10,000 komada.
18:29
So that shows you that we have people who are capable of doing.
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To pokazuje kako imamo ljude koji su sposobni raditi.
18:33
And the women are diligent. They are focused; they work hard.
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Žene su marljive: fokusirane su; naporno rade.
18:38
I could go on giving examples:
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Mogla bih i dalje davati primjere:
18:40
Beatrice Gakuba of Rwanda, who opened up a flower business
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Beatrice Gakuba iz Ruande koja je otvorila cvjećarski posao,
18:44
and is now exporting to the Dutch auction in Amsterdam each morning
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sada izvozi na nizozemsku tržnicu u Amsterdamu svako jutro
18:49
and is employing 200 other women and men to work with her.
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i zapošljava 200 drugih žena i muškaraca koji rade s njom.
18:54
However, many of these are starved for capital to expand,
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Ipak, mnogi od njih žude za kapitalom za proširenje,
18:59
because nobody believes outside of our countries
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jer nitko ne vjeruje izvan njihovih zemalja
19:02
that we can do what is necessary. Nobody thinks in terms of a market.
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da možemo učiniti ono što je potrebno. Nitko ne razmišlja u tržišnom smislu.
19:07
Nobody thinks there's opportunity.
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Nitko ne smatra kako postoji prilika.
19:10
But I'm standing here saying that those who miss the boat now,
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Ali ja vam ovdje govorim kako oni koji propuste priliku sada,
19:13
will miss it forever.
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propustit će ju zauvijek.
19:15
So if you want to be in Africa, think about investing.
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Dakle ako želite biti u Africi, razmislite o ulaganju.
19:22
Think about the Beatrices, think about the Adenikes of this world,
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Razmišljajte o ženama kao Beatrice, o ženama kao Adenike na ovom svijetu
19:28
who are doing incredible things, that are bringing them
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koje rade nevjerojatne stvari koje ih dovode
19:31
into the global economy, whilst at the same time making sure
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u globalnu ekonomiju, dok istovremeno osiguravaju
19:34
that their fellow men and women are employed,
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da su njihovi sunarodnjaci zaposleni
19:37
and that the children in those households get educated
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te da se djeca u njihovim kućanstvima mogu obrazovati,
19:39
because their parents are earning adequate income.
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jer njihovi roditelji zarađuju dovoljno.
19:43
So I invite you to explore the opportunities.
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Pozivam vas da istražite mogućnosti.
19:48
When you go to Tanzania, listen carefully,
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Kada budete išli u Tanzaniju, pažljivo osluškujte
19:52
because I'm sure you will hear of the various openings that there will be
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jer sigurna sam kako ćete čuti o raznim otvorenjima
19:56
for you to get involved in something that will do good
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u koja se možete uključiti kako biste učinili nešto dobro
20:01
for the continent, for the people and for yourselves.
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za kontinent, ljude i za sebe.
20:06
Thank you very much.
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Puno vam hvala.
20:07
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala - EconomistNgozi Okonjo-Iweala is a respected global economist.
Why you should listen
Okonjo-Iweala was the Finance Minister of Nigeria, Africa’s largest economy, from 2003 to 2006, and then briefly the country’s Foreign Affairs Minister, the first woman to hold either position. From 2011 to 2015 she was again named Minister of Finance and Coordinating Minister for the Economy of Nigeria. Between those terms, from 2007 to 2011, she was one of the managing director of the World Bank and a candidate to the organization’s presidency. She is now a senior advisor at financial advisory and asset management firm Lazard, and she chairs the Board of the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization. At the World Bank, she worked for change in Africa and assistance for low-income countries. As Finance Minister, she attacked corruption to make Nigeria more transparent and desirable for investment and jobs, an activism that attracted criticism from circles opposed to reform.
Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala | Speaker | TED.com