TEDGlobal 2014
Pia Mancini: How to upgrade democracy for the Internet era
Pia Mancini: 网络时代如何改进民主
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Pia Mancini 和她的同伴们，想要改进阿根廷和全世界的民主制度。通过他们的开源移动平台，他们希望让民众参与到立法过程中，推选出愿意听民众意见的候选人。
Pia Mancini - Democracy activist
Using software to inspire public debate and enable voter engagement, Pia Mancini hopes to upgrade modern democracy in Argentina and beyond. Full bio
Using software to inspire public debate and enable voter engagement, Pia Mancini hopes to upgrade modern democracy in Argentina and beyond. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I have the feeling that we can all agree
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我想我们都会同意
00:15
that we're moving towards a new
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我们的国家和社会面貌
00:18
model of the state and society.
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正在发生改变
00:20
But, we're absolutely clueless as to what this is
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但是 它应当是怎样 将会变成怎样
00:25
or what it should be.
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我们却毫无头绪
00:27
It seems like we need to have
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看来我们需要
00:29
a conversation about democracy
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对我们这个时代的民主制度
00:32
in our day and age.
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进行一场讨论
00:34
Let's think about it this way:
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不妨这样考虑
00:36
We are 21st-century citizens, doing our
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我们是 21 世纪的公民 尽最大的努力
00:40
very, very best to interact with 19th century-designed
institutions
institutions
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与基于 15 世纪的信息技术设计
00:47
that are based on an information technology of the 15th century.
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设计于 19 世纪的机构体系打交道
00:52
Let's have a look at some of the
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让我们看一看
00:53
characteristics of this system.
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这个体系的特点
00:56
First of all, it's designed for an information technology
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首先 它所基于的信息技术
00:59
that's over 500 years old.
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已经过时 500 年了
01:02
And the best possible system
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基于此
01:05
that could be designed for it
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能设计出的最好的系统
01:06
is one where the few make daily decisions
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也只能是少数人 以多数人的名义
01:10
in the name of the many.
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进行日常决策
01:12
And the many get to vote once every
couple of years.
couple of years.
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而多数人 只能每隔几年投一次票
01:17
In the second place, the costs of
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其次
参与这个体系的成本
01:19
participating in this system are
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非常高
01:21
incredibly high.
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01:22
You either have to have a fair
bit of money
bit of money
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要么 你非常有钱 非常有影响力
01:25
and influence, or you have to devote your entire
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要么 你终生投身政治
01:30
life to politics.
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01:31
You have to become a party member
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你必须加入政党
然后慢慢的往上爬
01:33
and slowly start working up the ranks
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01:37
until maybe, one day, you'll get
to sit at a table
to sit at a table
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也许某天 你终于有资格
坐在桌前 参与决策
01:41
where a decision is being made.
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还有啊
01:43
And last but not least,
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这套体系的术语
01:45
the language of the system —
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01:47
it's incredibly cryptic.
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异常的晦涩难懂
01:49
It's done for lawyers, by lawyers,
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它是律师写给律师看的
普通人很难读懂
01:52
and no one else can understand.
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在这样的体系下
01:55
So, it's a system where we can
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我们倒是能选择代表
01:58
choose our authorities,
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我们却无法得知
02:00
but we are completely left out on how
those authorities
those authorities
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他们会如何决策
02:03
reach their decisions.
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现在我们的信息技术高度发展
02:06
So, in a day where a new information technology
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02:10
allows us to participate globally
in any conversation,
in any conversation,
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我们可以与世界上任何角落对话
信息的壁垒前所未有的低
02:16
our barriers of information are completely lowered
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我们比任何时候
02:19
and we can, more than ever before,
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都能更好的表达需求与担忧
02:23
express our desires and our concerns.
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而我们的政治系统一成不变
02:26
Our political system remains the same
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已经有200年了
02:29
for the past 200 years
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还指望我们能安安静静的
02:33
and expects us to be contented with being
simply passive recipients
simply passive recipients
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看着政客们表演
02:38
of a monologue.
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毫不奇怪
02:40
So, it's really not surprising that
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这样的系统
02:43
this kind of system is only able to produce
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只能产生两种结果
02:46
two kinds of results:
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沉默 或是喧嚣
02:48
silence or noise.
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沉默 就是公民懒于参与
02:52
Silence, in terms of citizens not engaging,
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对政治没有兴趣
02:55
simply not wanting to participate.
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我非常不喜欢这种陈词滥调
02:58
There's this commonplace
[idea] that I truly, truly dislike,
[idea] that I truly, truly dislike,
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说我们天生漠然
03:02
and it's this idea that we citizens are naturally
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03:06
apathetic. That we shun commitment.
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说我们拒绝承担公民责任
怎么能这么说呢？
03:09
But, can you really blame us
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03:10
for not jumping at the opportunity of going
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就因为我们没有
在上班时间 走到城市中
03:13
to the middle of the city in the middle
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亲身参加政治活动吗
03:15
of a working day to attend, physically,
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就因为我们没有参与毫无影响力的听证会
03:18
a public hearing that has no impact
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03:22
whatsoever?
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当这个体系无法代表大众
03:24
Conflict is bound to happen between a system
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或是没有对话空间的时候
03:28
that no longer represents, nor has any dialogue capacity,
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冲突就会发生
03:34
and citizens that are increasingly used
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大众就会站出来
自己代表自己
03:37
to representing themselves.
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这就产生了喧嚣
03:40
And, then we find noise:
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智利 阿根廷 巴西 墨西哥 意大利 法国 西班牙 美国
03:42
Chile, Argentina, Brazil, Mexico
Italy, France, Spain, the United States,
Italy, France, Spain, the United States,
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都是民主国家
03:48
they're all democracies.
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03:50
Their citizens have access to
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它们的公民有选票
03:52
the ballot boxes. But they still feel the need,
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但这些民众仍然觉得
03:57
they need to take to the streets in order
to be heard.
to be heard.
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他们需要走上街头 表达诉求
04:02
To me, it seems like the 18th-century
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在我看来 这就像是
那个十八世纪的口号
04:07
slogan that was the basis for the formation
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促成了现代民主的那个口号
04:10
of our modern democracies, "No taxation
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“若无代表 不要缴税”
04:13
without representation,"
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现在可以套用成：“若不对话 不要代表”
04:16
can now be updated to "No representation
without a conversation."
without a conversation."
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我们想要决策权
04:23
We want our seat at the table.
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我们有权参与
04:27
And rightly so.
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但若想参与决策对话
04:30
But in order to be part of this conversation,
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就需要知道下一步做什么
04:32
we need to know what we want to do next,
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因为 政治决策就是
04:35
because political action is being able
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从震荡
04:39
to move from agitation
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走向建设
04:41
to construction.
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04:43
My generation has been incredibly good at
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我们这一代人
非常善于使用网络技术
04:47
using new networks and technologies
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来组织抗议
04:49
to organize protests,
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通过抗议
04:52
protests that were able to successfully
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我们影响政策
04:54
impose agendas,
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终止恶法
04:56
roll back extremely pernicious legislation,
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甚至推翻独裁政府
05:00
and even overthrow authoritarian governments.
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我们应当为此
05:03
And we should be immensely
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05:05
proud of this.
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深感骄傲
05:07
But, we also must admit that we
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但我们也承认
05:09
haven't been good at using those
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我们没能好好利用
05:11
same networks and technologies
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同样的网络技术
05:14
to successfully articulate an alternative
to what we're seeing
to what we're seeing
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来根据所见 提出改进方案
05:20
and find the consensus and build
the alliances that are needed
the alliances that are needed
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并找到共识 凝聚力量
促成实践
05:25
to make it happen.
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所以 风险在于
05:27
And so the risk that we face
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05:29
is that we can create these huge power vacuums
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我们能创造巨大的权力真空
但却迅速的被权力占据
05:33
that will very quickly get filled up by de facto
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05:37
powers, like the military or highly
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比如军政府
比如有目的有组织的
05:40
motivated and already organized groups
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05:43
that generally lie on the extremes.
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极端群体
但我们的民主
05:46
But our democracy is neither
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05:48
just a matter of voting once every
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既不是每隔几年
05:51
couple of years.
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来投一次票
05:52
But it's not either the ability to bring millions
onto the streets.
onto the streets.
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也不是把民众拉上街头
在此 我想提出一个问题
05:58
So the question I'd like to raise here,
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我相信 这是我们需要回答的 最为重要的问题
06:01
and I do believe it's the most important
question we need to answer,
question we need to answer,
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06:05
is this one:
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那就是
06:06
If Internet is the new printing press,
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如果互联网是新时代的出版社
那么互联网时代的民主应该是什么样的
06:10
then what is democracy for the Internet era?
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我们能为 21 世纪的社会
06:14
What institutions do we want to build
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建造出怎样的体系
06:17
for the 21st-century society?
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我没有答案 我承认
06:21
I don't have the answer, just in case.
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可能谁都没有
06:25
I don't think anyone does.
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06:26
But I truly believe we can't afford
to ignore this question anymore.
to ignore this question anymore.
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但 不应该继续视这个问题了
06:31
So, I'd like to share our experience
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所以 我打算分享我们的经历
06:33
and what we've learned so far
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以及我们的体会
06:35
and hopefully contribute two cents
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希望能对这个问题有所启发
06:37
to this conversation.
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06:39
Two years ago, with a group of friends
from Argentina,
from Argentina,
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两年前 和一帮阿根廷朋友们一起
我们想 怎么能让那些代表
06:43
we started thinking, "how can
we get our representatives,
we get our representatives,
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06:47
our elected representatives,
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我们亲手选出的代表
06:49
to represent us?"
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代表我们说话呢
Marshall McLuhan 曾说
06:53
Marshall McLuhan once said that politics
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政治 就是用昨天的工具 解决今天的问题
06:57
is solving today's problems with yesterday's tools.
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07:02
So the question that motivated us was,
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这使我们想到
07:04
can we try and solve some of today's problems
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我们能否用今天的方法 日常的技术
07:08
with the tools that we use every single
day of our lives?
day of our lives?
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来解决今天的问题呢
我们的第一个尝试 是研发了
07:12
Our first approach was to design and develop
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一个叫做 DemocracyOS (民主操作系统) 的软件系统
07:15
a piece of software called DemocracyOS.
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DemocracyOS 是一个开放源码的网络应用
07:19
DemocracyOS is an open-source web application
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07:22
that is designed to become a bridge
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我们期待它能成为
选民和代表之间的沟通桥梁
07:25
between citizens and their elected representatives
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07:28
to make it easier for us to participate
from our everyday lives.
from our everyday lives.
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让我们更方便的参与政治
07:34
So first of all, you can get informed so every new
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首先 议会上提出的每个议题
都会通知到你
07:37
project that gets introduced in Congress
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07:40
gets immediately translated and explained
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并被写成了
大众能理解的文字
07:43
in plain language on this platform.
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07:46
But we all know that social change
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但是 我们都知道
并不是我们掌握了信息
07:49
is not going to come from just knowing
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社会变革就会发生
07:52
more information,
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07:53
but from doing something with it.
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还需要有所行动
掌握信息之后
07:56
So better access to information
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07:58
should lead to a conversation
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应当促成谈话
讨论接下来改做什么
08:00
about what we're going to do next,
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08:02
and DemocracyOS allows for that.
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这就是 DemocracyOS 所提供的功能
08:04
Because we believe that democracy is
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我们相信 民主
并不是喜好的排列
08:06
not just a matter of stacking up
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08:08
preferences, one on top of each other,
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谁比谁好 谁比谁坏
08:11
but that our healthy and robust public debate
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民主的核心价值
应当是健全的公共讨论
08:15
should be, once again, one of its fundamental values.
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08:19
So DemocracyOS is about persuading
and being persuaded.
and being persuaded.
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所以 DemocracyOS 关乎如何劝说 关乎如何听劝
08:23
It's about reaching a consensus
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关乎达成共识
08:26
as much as finding a proper way
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关乎找到更合适的方法
08:29
of channeling our disagreement.
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来沟通彼此的分歧
08:32
And finally, you can vote
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最终 你可以投票
08:34
how you would like your elected
representative to vote.
representative to vote.
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来告诉代表们 你希望他们怎么投票
08:38
And if you do not feel comfortable
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如果你不方便
08:40
voting on a certain issue,
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就某事进行投票
08:42
you can always delegate your vote
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你可以把你的投票权
08:44
to someone else, allowing
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委托给别人
从而产生动态变化的领导者
08:45
for a dynamic and emerging social leadership.
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这样 就可以轻松地比较
08:51
It suddenly became very easy for us
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08:52
to simply compare these results
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代表在国会的投票 是否合乎民意
08:55
with how our representatives were
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08:57
voting in Congress.
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08:58
But, it also became very evident that
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很显然
09:00
technology was not going to do the trick.
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仅靠科技 无法做到
09:04
What we needed to do to was to find
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还需要找到
09:06
actors that were able to
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愿意利用这项科技
09:09
grab this distributed knowledge
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获取分散在民众中的意愿
09:12
in society and use it to make better
and more fair decisions.
and more fair decisions.
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并依此做出更公平决定的人
于是 我们找到了传统政党
09:18
So we reached out to traditional political parties
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09:21
and we offered them DemocracyOS.
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我们把 DemocracyOS 给他们
09:23
We said, "Look, here you have a platform
that you can use to build
that you can use to build
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“嘿 这有一个系统 你可以用它”
“与选民进行双向沟通”
09:28
a two-way conversation with your constituencies."
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是的 我们失败了
09:32
And yes, we failed.
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09:34
We failed big time.
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大失败
09:37
We were sent to play
outside like little kids.
outside like little kids.
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像哄小孩一样 我们被请了出去
我们被人说“幼稚”
09:42
Amongst other things, we were called naive.
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09:44
And I must be honest: I think, in hindsight, we were.
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我也承认 事后看来 我们确实够幼稚
09:48
Because the challenges that we face, they're not
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因为我们所要解决的
并非技术问题 而是文化问题
09:50
technological, they're cultural.
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09:53
Political parties were never willing
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政党不会愿意
09:55
to change the way they make their decisions.
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改变他们做决定的套路
于是 很显然
09:59
So it suddenly became a bit obvious
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10:01
that if we wanted to move forward
with this idea,
with this idea,
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若想推广这个点子
10:05
we needed to do it ourselves.
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我们只能自己上场
10:08
And so we took quite a leap of faith,
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我们开始了尝试
10:10
and in August last year, we founded
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去年的 8 月
我们成立了自己的政党
10:12
our own political party,
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网络党(El Partido de la Red)
10:14
El Partido de la Red,
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1113
10:16
or the Net Party, in the city of
Buenos Aires.
Buenos Aires.
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就在布宜诺斯艾利斯
我们继续尝试
10:20
And taking an even bigger leap of faith,
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10:23
we ran for elections in October last year
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参加了去年十月的选举
10:28
with this idea:
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秉承这样的理念
10:29
if we want a seat in Congress,
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若想获取席位
我们的候选人
10:32
our candidate, our representatives
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将始终依照 DemocracyOS 上
10:34
were always going to vote according to
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选民的决定来投票
10:37
what citizens decided on DemocracyOS.
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3509
10:41
Every single project that got introduced
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议会上每一个提案
10:44
in Congress, we were going vote
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我们都将按照
10:45
according to what citizens decided
on an online platform.
on an online platform.
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这个网络平台上的意见来投票
10:50
It was our way of hacking the political system.
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这是我们颠覆现有政治体制的方式
10:54
We understood that if we wanted
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我们明白
如果想参与对话
10:56
to become part of the conversation,
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2349
10:58
to have a seat at the table,
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如果想参与决策
11:00
we needed to become valid stakeholders,
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首先得获得席位
我们只能遵守现行规则
11:03
and the only way of doing it is to play by the
system rules.
system rules.
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11:08
But we were hacking it in the sense that
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2989
但我们也在颠覆
11:11
we were radically changing the way a political party
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我们彻底改变了
政党决策的方式
11:15
makes its decisions.
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1419
11:16
For the first time, we were making our decisions
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这是史上首次
决策会影响到谁
11:20
together with those who we were
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我们就与谁一起做决策
11:22
affecting directly by those decisions.
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11:27
It was a very, very bold move for a two-month-old party
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对于一个在布宜诺斯艾利斯成立仅两个月的政党
11:30
in the city of Buenos Aires.
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这个举动很大胆
11:32
But it got attention.
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1575
但人们注意到了我们
11:34
We got 22,000 votes, that's 1.2 percent of the votes,
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我们赢得了 22000 张选票 占总票数的 1.2%
11:38
and we came in second for the local options.
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在当地排名第二
11:43
So, even if that wasn't enough to win a
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2200
这个票数不够获得议会席位
11:45
seat in Congress, it was enough
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但 它足够让我们
11:47
for us to become part of the conversation,
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参与到对话当中
11:50
to the extent that next month,
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接下来的那个月
11:54
Congress, as an institution, is launching
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阿根廷史上首次
在 DemocracyOS 上
11:57
for the first time in Argentina's history,
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国会就三个法案
12:00
a DemocracyOS to discuss,
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12:02
with the citizens, three pieces of legislation:
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与民众展开网上对话
12:06
two on urban transportation and
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其中两个 是关于都市交通的
12:08
one on the use of public space.
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另外一个 是关于公共空间使用的
12:11
Of course, our elected representatives are not
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2789
诚然 代表们并不是
12:14
saying, "Yes, we're going to vote
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2017
完全按照选民的意愿
12:16
according to what citizens decide,"
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做出决定
12:18
but they're willing to try.
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2026
但他们愿意尝试
愿意打开讨论空间
12:20
They're willing to open up a new space
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12:23
for citizen engagement and hopefully
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让民众参与
希望他们也愿意倾听民众的声音
12:26
they'll be willing to listen as well.
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3256
12:29
Our political system can be transformed,
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政治体系可以被改变
并非打翻 亦非摧毁
12:33
and not by subverting it, by destroying it,
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而是利用互联网
12:37
but by rewiring it with the tools that
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重新连接政治的参与方
12:41
Internet affords us now.
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真正的挑战在于
12:43
But a real challenge is to find, to design
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设计一个系统 连接彼此
12:48
to create, to empower those connectors
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让沉默的人 喧嚣的人
12:51
that are able to innovate, to transform
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可以好好表达意愿
12:55
noise and silence into signal
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最终促进民主制度
12:58
and finally bring our democracies
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13:00
to the 21st century.
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走向 21 世纪
13:02
I'm not saying it's easy.
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这并非唾手可得
13:05
But in our experience, we actually stand a chance
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我们的经历证明 我们确有机会
13:08
of making it work.
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让这一理想实现
13:11
And in my heart, it's most definitely
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我从心底认为
值得放手一试
13:14
worth trying.
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13:15
Thank you.
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谢谢
(掌声)
13:16
(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Pia Mancini - Democracy activistUsing software to inspire public debate and enable voter engagement, Pia Mancini hopes to upgrade modern democracy in Argentina and beyond.
Why you should listen
After a disappointing brush with traditional political parties in Argentina, Pia Mancini realized that the existing democracy was disconnected from its citizens -- and that no one was likely to fix it.
In response, Mancini helped launch Democracy OS, an open-source mobile platform designed to provide Argentine citizens with immediate input into the legislative process. To promote it, she helped found the Partido de la Red, a new party running candidates committed to legislate only as directed by constituents using online tools for participation.
More profile about the speakerIn response, Mancini helped launch Democracy OS, an open-source mobile platform designed to provide Argentine citizens with immediate input into the legislative process. To promote it, she helped found the Partido de la Red, a new party running candidates committed to legislate only as directed by constituents using online tools for participation.
Pia Mancini | Speaker | TED.com