ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Gary Haugen - Human rights attorney
As founder of International Justice Mission, Gary Haugen fights the chronically neglected global epidemic of violence against the poor.

Why you should listen

While a member of the 1994 United Nations team investigating war crimes in Rwanda, Gary Haugen’s eyes were opened to the appalling extent of violence in the developing world. Upon his return to the US, he founded International Justice Mission, an organization devoted to rescuing victims of global violence including trafficking and slavery.

In The Locust Effect, Haugen outlines the catastrophic effect of everyday violence on the lives of the impoverished, and shows how rampant violence is undermining efforts to alleviate poverty.

More profile about the speaker
Gary Haugen | Speaker | TED.com
TED2015

Gary Haugen: The hidden reason for poverty the world needs to address now

侯嘉理: 贫穷的真正根源,全世界应该一起解决

Filmed:
1,872,728 views

民权律师侯嘉理(Gary Haugen)指出,世人的同情心,让全球贫困人口自上世纪八十年代来不断减少。然而,尽管全球不断提供救济金,但仍然存在着一个不为人知的非常普遍的问题,正是这个问题让贫困依然盛行。侯嘉理揭露了这一贫穷成因,我们必须立刻就此采取行动。
- Human rights attorney
As founder of International Justice Mission, Gary Haugen fights the chronically neglected global epidemic of violence against the poor. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
To be honest诚实, by personality个性,
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说实话,从性格上来讲,
00:15
I'm just not much of a crier喊叫者.
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我并不是一个容易流泪的人。
00:19
But I think in my career事业
that's been a good thing.
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但考虑到我的职业,
能有这个性格是件好事。
00:23
I'm a civil国内 rights权利 lawyer律师,
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我是一名民权律师,
00:24
and I've seen看到 some
horrible可怕 things in the world世界.
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我见过一些发生在
全球各地的可怕的事情。
00:29
I began开始 my career事业 working加工
police警察 abuse滥用 cases in the United联合的 States状态.
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我的第一份职业是在美国
处理警察滥用职权的案子。
00:32
And then in 1994, I was sent发送 to Rwanda卢旺达
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后来,1994年,我被派往卢旺达,
00:36
to be the director导向器 of the U.N.'s
genocide种族灭绝 investigation调查.
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领导联合国种族灭绝调查组。
00:41
It turns out that tears眼泪
just aren't much help
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我发现,当你调查
种族灭绝的惨案时,
00:45
when you're trying
to investigate调查 a genocide种族灭绝.
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泪水派不上多大用场。
00:49
The things I had to see,
and feel and touch触摸
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那些我不得不面对的事实,
那些令我感触深刻的故事,
00:54
were pretty漂亮 unspeakable无法形容.
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都难以名状。
00:57
What I can tell you is this:
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我可以明确告诉你们的是:
01:00
that the Rwandan卢旺达 genocide种族灭绝
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卢旺达种族灭绝是
01:02
was one of the world's世界
greatest最大 failures故障 of simple简单 compassion同情.
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缺乏同情导致的
全世界最惨的惨案之一。
01:09
That word, compassion同情, actually其实
comes from two Latin拉丁 words:
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"同情"这个词
来源于两个拉丁词汇:
01:13
cum附带 passioPASSIO, which哪一个 simply只是 mean
"to suffer遭受 with."
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cum和passio,
其含义是"同甘苦"。
01:18
And the things that I saw and experienced有经验的
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目睹卢旺达的惨案,
01:22
in Rwanda卢旺达 as I got up close
to human人的 suffering痛苦,
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我感受到了那里的
人们所承受的苦难,
01:24
it did, in moments瞬间, move移动 me to tears眼泪.
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这让我落下泪水。
01:28
But I just wish希望 that I,
and the rest休息 of the world世界,
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我多么希望,
我,以及整个世界,
01:30
had been moved移动 earlier.
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可以在一切发生前就投以同情。
01:33
And not just to tears眼泪,
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不单单是落下同情的泪水,
01:35
but to actually其实 stop the genocide种族灭绝.
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更要切实阻止这场惨案。
01:38
Now by contrast对比, I've also been involved参与
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与之对比,我也经历了
01:41
with one of the world's世界 greatest最大
successes成功 of compassion同情.
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同情带来的最美好的硕果之一。
01:47
And that's the fight斗争 against反对
global全球 poverty贫穷.
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这就是全世界范围内
拯救贫困的运动。
01:50
It's a cause原因 that probably大概
has involved参与 all of us here.
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这场运动或许
跟在座的每个人都相关。
01:52
I don't know if your first introduction介绍
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我不知道是什么让
你们初次了解到世界贫困问题,
01:54
might威力 have been choruses合唱 of
"We Are the World世界,"
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是"天下一家"这一合唱曲,
01:58
or maybe the picture图片 of a sponsored赞助 child儿童
on your refrigerator冰箱 door,
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还是你们家冰箱门上贴着的
受到救济的儿童的照片,
02:02
or maybe the birthday生日 you
donated捐赠 for fresh新鲜 water.
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还是你把过生日的钱拿去
捐给了水质净化项目?
02:06
I don't really remember记得 what my first
introduction介绍 to poverty贫穷 was
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我不记得是什么让我
第一次了解到贫困问题,
02:09
but I do remember记得 the most jarring不和谐.
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但我记得给我留下
最深刻印象的一次经历,
02:13
It was when I met会见 Venus金星 --
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那一次我见到了Venus,
02:15
she's a mom妈妈 from Zambia赞比亚.
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她是来自赞比亚的一位母亲,
02:18
She's got three kids孩子 and she's a widow寡妇.
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她是一个遗孀,有三个孩子。
02:21
When I met会见 her, she had walked
about 12 miles英里
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她走了大概12英里
才到了我们碰面的地方,
02:25
in the only garments服装 she owned拥有的,
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她穿着唯一的一套衣服,
02:27
to come to the capital首都 city
and to share分享 her story故事.
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来到首都,向我讲述她的故事。
02:31
She satSAT down with me for hours小时,
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她坐着跟我聊了好几个小时,
02:35
just ushered迎来 me in to
the world世界 of poverty贫穷.
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让我深刻体会到了
贫穷世界究竟是何等模样。
02:40
She described描述 what it was like
when the coals on the cooking烹饪 fire
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她向我描述着一幅幅贫困的画面:
02:43
finally最后 just went completely全然 cold.
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煮食炉火的煤烧尽、凉透,
02:46
When that last drop下降
of cooking烹饪 oil finally最后 ran out.
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最后一滴食用油消耗殆尽,
02:51
When the last of the food餐饮,
despite尽管 her best最好 efforts努力,
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尽管她极力节衣缩食,依然耗尽了
最后一口食物。
02:55
ran out.
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02:58
She had to watch her youngest最年轻的 son儿子, Peter彼得,
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她不得不眼睁睁地
看着小儿子 Peter
03:01
suffer遭受 from malnutrition营养不良,
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遭受营养不良的折磨,
03:03
as his legs just slowly慢慢地 bowed鞠躬
into uselessness无用.
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他的双腿渐渐萎缩,
丧失了行走的能力。
03:07
As his eyes眼睛 grew成长 cloudy多云的 and dim暗淡.
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他的眼睛变得黯淡无光,
03:11
And then as Peter彼得 finally最后 grew成长 cold.
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直到最后,他的身子变冰冷了。
03:18
For over 50 years年份, stories故事 like this
have been moving移动 us to compassion同情.
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过去的五十多年间,
这样的故事激起了我们的同情心,
03:23
We whose谁的 kids孩子 have plenty丰富 to eat.
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同情那些吃不饱饭的孩子。
03:26
And we're moved移动 not only
to care关心 about global全球 poverty贫穷,
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我们不只是在心里
默默关心全球贫困问题,
03:29
but to actually其实 try to do our part部分
to stop the suffering痛苦.
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还尽了自己的一份力,
让贫困的人不再受苦受难。
03:34
Now there's plenty丰富 of room房间 for critique批判
that we haven't没有 doneDONE enough足够,
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有很多方面我们做的还不够,
03:37
and what it is that we've我们已经 doneDONE
hasn't有没有 been effective有效 enough足够,
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我们做的很多事情效果还不够显著,
03:41
but the truth真相 is this:
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但事实是:
03:44
The fight斗争 against反对 global全球 poverty贫穷
is probably大概 the broadest最广泛的,
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抗击世界贫困的运动很可能是
人类出于同情心而发起的
有史以来涉及范围最广,
03:48
longest最长 running赛跑 manifestation表现 of the
human人的 phenomenon现象 of compassion同情
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03:53
in the history历史 of our species种类.
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持续时间最为长久的运动。
03:56
And so I'd like to share分享
a pretty漂亮 shattering惊天动地 insight眼光
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我会给你们分享一些我的见解,
04:00
that might威力 forever永远 change更改 the way
you think about that struggle斗争.
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或许会永远改变大家
对这场运动的认识。
但首先,我来谈一下你们大多
已经知道的一些事实。
04:04
But first, let me begin开始 with what
you probably大概 already已经 know.
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04:07
Thirty-five三十五 years年份 ago, when I would have
been graduating毕业 from high school学校,
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35年前,我快要从高中毕业的时候,
04:10
they told us that 40,000 kids孩子 every一切 day
died死亡 because of poverty贫穷.
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有数据表明每天有
四万个儿童死于饥饿。
04:17
That number, today今天, is now
down to 17,000.
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今天,这个数字下降到一万七千。
04:21
Way too many许多, of course课程,
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当然,还是很多,
04:23
but it does mean that every一切 year,
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但这确实表明,
每年都有八百万名儿童
不会因饥饿而离开这个世界。
04:26
there's eight million百万 kids孩子 who
don't have to die from poverty贫穷.
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04:31
Moreover此外, the number of
people in our world世界
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而且,全世界生活在
04:34
who are living活的 in extreme极端 poverty贫穷,
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极度贫困状态的人数
04:36
which哪一个 is defined定义 as living活的 off
about a dollar美元 and a quarter25美分硬币 a day,
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——极度贫困的定义是
每天用于糊口的钱不超过1.25美金——
04:39
that has fallen堕落 from 50 percent百分,
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已经从世界人口的50%
04:43
to only 15 percent百分.
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下降到只有15%。
04:47
This is massive大规模的 progress进展,
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这是卓越的进步,
04:48
and this exceeds超过 everybody's每个人的
expectations期望 about what is possible可能.
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超出了所有人的预期。
04:54
And I think you and I,
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我认为我们所有人,
04:57
I think, honestly老老实实, that we can
feel proud骄傲 and encouraged鼓励
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说实话,
我们应当为此而感到自豪,
05:01
to see the way that compassion同情
actually其实 has the power功率
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能够见证同情迸发出的力量
05:05
to succeed成功 in stopping停止
the suffering痛苦 of millions百万.
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如何解救了数以百万计的人们。
05:10
But here's这里的 the part部分 that you
might威力 not hear very much about.
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但后面这个数据
你们可能没听说过。
05:14
If you move移动 that poverty贫穷 mark标记 just
up to two dollars美元 a day,
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如果把贫困线稍稍上移,
设为一天2美金,
05:19
it turns out that virtually实质上
the same相同 two billion十亿 people
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你就会发现世界上仍然有20亿人
05:22
who were stuck卡住 in that harsh苛刻 poverty贫穷
when I was in high school学校,
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生活在极度贫困的状态下,
05:26
are still stuck卡住 there,
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我上高中时有这么多人,
05:28
35 years年份 later后来.
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35年后的今天依然是。
05:30
So why, why are so many许多 billions数十亿
still stuck卡住 in such这样 harsh苛刻 poverty贫穷?
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为什么呢?为什么有好几十亿人
深陷贫困的深渊?
05:36
Well, let's think about
Venus金星 for a moment时刻.
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让我们再回到Venus的故事。
05:39
Now for decades几十年, my wife妻子 and I have been
moved移动 by common共同 compassion同情
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数十年来,我的夫人和我出于同情
05:43
to sponsor赞助 kids孩子, to fund基金 microloans小额贷款,
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帮助孩子,资助小额贷款,
05:45
to support支持 generous慷慨 levels水平 of foreign国外 aid援助.
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慷慨地支持国外援救行动。
05:49
But until直到 I had actually其实 talked to Venus金星,
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但直到我亲身跟Venus攀谈后,
05:52
I would have had no idea理念 that
none没有 of those approaches方法
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我才知道以前所做的一切
都没有切中要害,
05:55
actually其实 addressed解决 why she had
to watch her son儿子 die.
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以致于她不得不眼睁睁地
看着她的孩子死去。
06:01
"We were doing fine," Venus金星 told me,
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“本来我们过得挺好,”
Venus告诉我,
06:06
"until直到 Brutus布鲁特斯 started开始 to cause原因 trouble麻烦."
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”直到Brutus开始惹麻烦。“
06:10
Now, Brutus布鲁特斯 is Venus'金星' neighbor邻居
and "cause原因 trouble麻烦"
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Brutus是Venus的邻居,
”惹麻烦“是指
06:13
is what happened发生 the day after
Venus'金星' husband丈夫 died死亡,
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Venus丈夫去世后的第二天,
06:17
when Brutus布鲁特斯 just came来了 and threw
Venus金星 and the kids孩子 out of the house,
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Brutus将Venus
和她的孩子们赶出了家门,
06:21
stole偷了 all their land土地, and robbed被抢
their market市场 stall摊子.
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掠去了所有的土地,
抢走了值钱的东西。
06:26
You see, Venus金星 was thrown抛出
into destitution穷困 by violence暴力.
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是暴力让Venus陷入贫困。
06:32
And then it occurred发生 to me, of course课程,
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这让我突然间意识到,
06:34
that none没有 of my child儿童 sponsorships赞助,
none没有 of the microloans小额贷款,
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我的儿童资助、小额贷款、
06:38
none没有 of the traditional传统
anti-poverty扶贫 programs程式
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传统的抗击贫困的运动,
06:42
were going to stop Brutus布鲁特斯,
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都无法阻止Brutus,
06:46
because they weren't meant意味着 to.
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因为所做的一切都没切中要害。
06:49
This became成为 even more clear明确
to me when I met会见 Griselda格丽泽尔达.
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当我遇到Griselda后,
我更加清晰地意识到这个问题。
06:54
She's a marvelous奇妙 young年轻 girl女孩
living活的 in a very poor较差的 community社区
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她是一个美丽的年轻女子,
住在危地马拉
一个贫困不堪的社区。
06:59
in Guatemala危地马拉.
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07:00
And one of the things
we've我们已经 learned学到了 over the years年份
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根据我们过去的经验,
07:03
is that perhaps也许 the most powerful强大 thing
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我们认为让Griselda和她的家庭
07:05
that Griselda格丽泽尔达 and her family家庭 can do
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走出贫困的最有效的办法,
07:08
to get Griselda格丽泽尔达 and her family家庭
out of poverty贫穷
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或许就是确保
07:11
is to make sure that she goes to school学校.
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Griselda能够完成学业。
07:14
The experts专家 call this the Girl女孩 Effect影响.
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专家称之为“女孩效应”。
07:19
But when we met会见 Griselda格丽泽尔达,
she wasn't going to school学校.
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但当我们遇到Griselda时,
她并没有上学。
07:23
In fact事实, she was rarely很少 ever
leaving离开 her home.
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事实上,她几乎走不出家门。
07:28
Days before we met会见 her,
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在我们遇见她的几天前,
07:30
while she was walking步行 home
from church教会 with her family家庭,
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当她离开教堂,
跟家人走在回家的路上时,
07:32
in broad广阔 daylight阳光,
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光天化日之下,
07:35
men男人 from her community社区
just snatched抢走 her off the street,
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她所在社区的几个男人
把她从街道上拉走,
07:38
and violently猛烈 raped强奸 her.
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强暴了她。
07:41
See, Griselda格丽泽尔达 had every一切
opportunity机会 to go to school学校,
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所以,Griselda并不缺少上学的机会,
07:46
it just wasn't safe安全 for her to get there.
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只是上学的路上太不安全了。
07:49
And Griselda's格丽泽尔达的 not the only one.
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Griselda并不是唯一
面临这个问题的孩子。
07:52
Around the world世界, poor较差的 women妇女 and girls女孩
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全世界,在15到44岁之间的
07:55
between之间 the ages年龄 of 15 and 44,
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贫困的妇女和女孩中,
08:00
they are -- when victims受害者 of
the everyday每天 violence暴力
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因日常家庭暴力和性暴力侵犯
08:04
of domestic国内 abuse滥用 and sexual有性 violence暴力 --
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而丧生或残疾的人数
08:07
those two forms形式 of violence暴力 account帐户
for more death死亡 and disability失能
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要超过因疟疾、交通事故、战争
08:12
than malaria疟疾, than car汽车 accidents事故,
than war战争 combined结合.
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而死亡或残疾的妇女数量之和。
08:23
The truth真相 is, the poor较差的 of our world世界
are trapped被困 in whole整个 systems系统 of violence暴力.
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真相是,全世界的穷人
都深陷暴力的牢笼。
08:28
In South Asia亚洲, for instance,
I could drive驾驶 past过去 this rice白饭 mill
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比如说,在南亚,
我开车驶过一片稻田,
08:32
and see this man hoisting吊装
these 100-pound-磅 sacks麻袋
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看到这个男人用他瘦弱的后背
08:35
of rice白饭 upon his thin back.
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驼着100磅重的米袋。
08:37
But I would have no idea理念, until直到 later后来,
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但当时我根本就没想到,
08:38
that he was actually其实 a slave奴隶,
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他原来是一个奴隶,
08:41
held保持 by violence暴力 in that rice白饭 mill
since以来 I was in high school学校.
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在我上着高中时,
他就被迫碾米作坊劳作。
08:46
Decades几十年 of anti-poverty扶贫 programs程式
right in his community社区
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数十年来,他所在社区的
抗击贫困的运动
08:50
were never able能够 to rescue拯救 him
or any of the hundred other slaves奴隶
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都没能解救他,
也没能解救作坊中其他
08:54
from the beatings殴打 and the rapes强奸
and the torture拷打
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遭受殴打、强暴、酷刑的
08:57
of violence暴力 inside the rice白饭 mill.
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百余名奴隶。
09:01
In fact事实, half a century世纪 of
anti-poverty扶贫 programs程式
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事实上,相对于
人类历史上其他任何时刻,
09:06
have left more poor较差的 people in slavery奴隶制度
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近半世纪以来的抗击贫困的运动,
09:09
than in any other time in human人的 history历史.
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让人类历史上沦为奴隶的人数达到了顶峰。
09:13
Experts专家 tell us that there's about
35 million百万 people in slavery奴隶制度 today今天.
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专家告诉我们,
世界上目前大概有三千五百万奴隶。
09:19
That's about the population人口
of the entire整个 nation国家 of Canada加拿大,
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这大概相当于加拿大
整个国家人口的数量,
09:22
where we're sitting坐在 today今天.
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这就是目前的状况。
09:26
This is why, over time, I have come
to call this epidemic疫情 of violence暴力
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这就是为什么,
我将这遍布的暴力称之为
09:29
the Locust刺槐 Effect影响.
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“蝗虫效应”。
09:31
Because in the lives生活 of the poor较差的,
it just descends下降 like a plague鼠疫
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因为,穷人们就像
遭受了一场瘟疫般,
09:34
and it destroys破阵 everything.
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家庭支离破碎,生活惨不忍睹。
09:37
In fact事实, now when you survey调查
very, very poor较差的 communities社区,
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事实上,如今当你跟
那些极度贫困的社区居民交流时,
09:41
residents居民 will tell you that their
greatest最大 fear恐惧 is violence暴力.
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他们会告诉你
他们最大的恐惧,就是暴力。
09:46
But notice注意 the violence暴力 that they fear恐惧
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注意,他们恐惧的暴力
09:48
is not the violence暴力 of
genocide种族灭绝 or the wars战争,
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不是种族灭绝或战争,
09:51
it's everyday每天 violence暴力.
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而是日常暴力。
09:54
So for me, as a lawyer律师, of course课程,
my first reaction反应 was to think,
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因此,对我而言,作为一个律师,
我的第一个反应理所当然是,
09:57
well, of course课程 we've我们已经
got to change更改 all the laws法律.
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我们必须要修正法律。
我们必须以法律作为武器
严惩暴力行为。
09:59
We've我们已经 got to make all this violence暴力
against反对 the poor较差的 illegal非法.
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10:03
But then I found发现 out, it already已经 is.
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但我随即发现,
相关法律条文已经有了。
10:06
The problem问题 is not that
the poor较差的 don't get laws法律,
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问题不在于
没有保护穷人的法律条文,
10:09
it's that they don't get law enforcement强制.
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而在于法律得不到实施。
10:14
In the developing发展 world世界,
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在发展中国家,
10:16
basic基本 law enforcement强制 systems系统
are so broken破碎
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践行法律的机构系统腐朽不堪,
10:19
that recently最近 the U.N. issued发行
a report报告 that found发现
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联合国最近的报告显示,
10:22
that "most poor较差的 people live生活
outside the protection保护 of the law."
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”绝大多数穷人
得不到法律保障。“
10:28
Now honestly老老实实, you and I have
just about no idea理念
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2392
说实话,你我都想象不到,
10:30
of what that would mean
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没有法律保障意味着什么,
10:32
because we have no
first-hand第一手 experience经验 of it.
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因为我们都没有切身体会过。
10:35
Functioning运作 law enforcement强制 for us
is just a total assumption假设.
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在我们心目中,
法律的践行完全是理所当然的,
10:38
In fact事实, nothing expresses表达 that assumption假设
more clearly明确地 than three simple简单 numbers数字:
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事实上,给我们吃定心丸的
就是那三个数字:
10:43
9-1-1,
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911,
10:45
which哪一个, of course课程, is the number
for the emergency police警察 operator操作者
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不用说,这就是加拿大和美国
10:48
here in Canada加拿大 and in the United联合的 States状态,
176
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通用的紧急报警号码,
10:52
where the average平均 response响应 time
to a police警察 911 emergency call
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拨打911的警方平均响应时间
10:56
is about 10 minutes分钟.
178
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大概是10分钟。
10:57
So we take this just
completely全然 for granted理所当然.
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我们认为这完全是理所当然的。
11:00
But what if there was no
law enforcement强制 to protect保护 you?
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但是,如果没有法律保护你,
会发生什么?
11:06
A woman女人 in Oregon俄勒冈 recently最近
experienced有经验的 what this would be like.
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俄勒冈州的一名女子
最近就有过这样的切身经历。
11:11
She was home alone单独 in her
dark黑暗 house on a Saturday星期六 night,
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在一个周六的夜晚,
她独自呆在灯光昏暗的家中,
11:15
when a man started开始 to tear眼泪
his way into her home.
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此时一名男子试图撬门而入。
11:18
This was her worst最差 nightmare恶梦,
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1957
这是她一段噩梦般的经历,
11:20
because this man had actually其实 put her
in the hospital醫院 from an assault突击
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4608
因为就在两周前,
这个男子袭击了她,
11:25
just two weeks before.
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2118
让她受伤住进了医院。
11:27
So terrified, she picks精选 up that phone电话
and does what any of us would do:
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3358
惊慌失措中,她拿起电话,
像所有人都会做的那样:
11:30
She calls电话 911 --
188
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2645
她拨打了911——
11:33
but only to learn学习 that because
of budget预算 cuts削减 in her county,
189
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4832
但却发现她所在的郡县为节约资金,
11:38
law enforcement强制 wasn't available可得到
on the weekends周末.
190
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3369
周末并不提供警力援助。
11:41
Listen.
191
689397
790
请听。
11:42
Dispatcher调度员: I don't have anybody任何人
to send发送 out there.
192
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2819
话务员:这边没有人可以过去。
11:45
Woman女人: OK
193
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1017
女子:好吧。
11:46
Dispatcher调度员: Um, obviously明显 if he comes
inside the residence住宅 and assaults袭击 you,
194
694023
4103
话务员:嗯,
如果他要闯入你家侵犯你,
11:50
can you ask him to go away?
195
698126
1673
你能跟他说,让他走吗?
11:51
Or do you know if
he is intoxicated or anything?
196
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2243
或者,你知道他是不是
喝醉了之类的吗?
11:54
Woman女人: I've already已经 asked him.
I've already已经 told him I was calling调用 you.
197
702042
3373
女子:我已经跟他说不要进来了。
我已经告诉他我拨911了。
11:57
He's broken破碎 in before,
busted破获 down my door, assaulted殴打 me.
198
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2673
以前他就闯入过我家,侵犯了我。
12:00
Dispatcher调度员: Uh-huh.
199
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945
话务员:呃,嗯。
12:01
Woman女人: Um, yeah, so ...
200
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1153
女子:呃,这样,那么......
12:02
Dispatcher调度员: Is there any way you could
safely安然 leave离开 the residence住宅?
201
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3219
话务员:你有没有办法
安全地逃出家门?
12:05
Woman女人: No, I can't, because he's blocking闭塞
pretty漂亮 much my only way out.
202
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女子:没有,没办法,
因为他堵在我唯一的出口。
12:08
Dispatcher调度员: Well, the only thing I can do
is give you some advice忠告,
203
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3146
话务员:好吧,我唯一能做的
就是给你一些建议,
12:11
and call the sheriff's警长 office办公室 tomorrow明天.
204
719968
2716
明天我会报告给警官。
12:14
Obviously明显, if he comes in and
unfortunately不幸 has a weapon武器
205
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4812
当然,如果他闯进来,还拿着武器,
12:19
or is trying to cause原因 you physical物理 harm危害,
that's a different不同 story故事.
206
727496
3326
或试图给你造成身体伤害,
那就是另一回事了。
12:22
You know, the sheriff's警长 office办公室
doesn't work up there.
207
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2667
你也知道,警局今天休息,
我没法派人去救你。“
12:25
I don't have anybody任何人 to send发送."
208
733489
2656
12:29
Gary加里 Haugen豪根: Tragically可悲的, the woman女人
inside that house
209
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2653
不幸的是,这名女子在自己家里
12:32
was violently猛烈 assaulted殴打, choked哽咽 and raped强奸
210
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5939
被残暴地殴打,窒息,强奸,
12:38
because this is what it means手段 to live生活
outside the rule规则 of law.
211
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6044
这就是生活在法律保障之外的情形。
12:45
And this is where billions数十亿
of our poorest最穷 live生活.
212
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4014
这就是数十亿穷人所生活的环境。
12:52
What does that look like?
213
760015
2428
具体是什么样的呢?
12:54
In Bolivia玻利维亚, for example, if a man
sexually assaults袭击 a poor较差的 child儿童,
214
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4428
比如,在玻利维亚,如果一个男人
对一个穷人家的孩子性骚扰,
12:58
statistically统计学, he's at greater更大 risk风险
of slipping滑倒 in the shower淋浴 and dying垂死
215
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4673
从统计数字来看,他被逮捕的概率
还没有洗澡跌倒致死的概率高。
13:03
than he is of ever going
to jail监狱 for that crime犯罪.
216
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3398
13:08
In South Asia亚洲, if you
enslave奴役 a poor较差的 person,
217
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4685
在南非,如果你奴役一个穷人,
13:12
you're at greater更大 risk风险 of being存在
struck来袭 by lightning闪电
218
780687
2923
你更可能遭到雷劈,
13:15
than ever being存在 sent发送
to jail监狱 for that crime犯罪.
219
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3050
而不是被逮捕。
13:18
And so the epidemic疫情 of everyday每天
violence暴力, it just rages肆虐 on.
220
786660
4979
日常暴力如瘟疫般席卷着穷人的世界。
13:23
And it devastates摧毁 our efforts努力 to try
to help billions数十亿 of people
221
791639
4099
这让我们为帮助
数十亿穷人脱离贫困线
13:27
out of their two-dollar-a-day两美元一天 hell地狱.
222
795738
3577
所付出的一切努力化为泡影。
13:31
Because the data数据 just doesn't lie谎言.
223
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2502
因为数据不会说谎。
13:33
It turns out that you can give
all manner方式 of goods产品 and services服务
224
801817
3059
你可以倾尽所有,为穷人提供
救济品和服务设施,
13:36
to the poor较差的,
225
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1153
13:38
but if you don't restrain抑制 the hands
of the violent暴力 bullies恶霸
226
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3126
但如果你不遏制抢走
13:41
from taking服用 it all away,
227
809155
1835
这一切的暴徒,
13:42
you're going to be very disappointed失望
in the long-term长期 impact碰撞 of your efforts努力.
228
810990
4359
你所付出的努力会让你失望透顶。
13:47
So you would think that the disintegration解体
of basic基本 law enforcement强制
229
815889
3771
因此,你们会觉得抗击
全球贫困的头等要事
13:51
in the developing发展 world世界
would be a huge巨大 priority优先
230
819660
3015
是解决发展中国家最基本的
法律实施问题。
13:54
for the global全球 fight斗争 against反对 poverty贫穷.
231
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3240
13:57
But it's not.
232
825915
2133
但并不是这样的。
14:01
Auditors审计 of international国际 assistance帮助
recently最近 couldn't不能 find
233
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3797
国际援助的审查者发现,
14:04
even one percent百分 of aid援助 going
to protect保护 the poor较差的
234
832825
3834
穷人的援助金中,
用在帮助穷人逃脱暴力方面的部分
连百分之一都不到。
14:08
from the lawless不法 chaos混沌
of everyday每天 violence暴力.
235
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4331
14:12
And honestly老老实实, when we do talk about
violence暴力 against反对 the poor较差的,
236
840990
3306
当我们谈论穷人面对的暴力问题时,
14:16
sometimes有时 it's in the weirdest最奇怪的 of ways方法.
237
844296
3509
状况却奇怪得让人匪夷所思。
14:19
A fresh新鲜 water organization组织 tells告诉
a heart-wrenching心脏痛心 story故事
238
847805
3083
一个纯净水援助组织
先是讲述了一个揪心的故事,
14:22
of girls女孩 who are raped强奸 on the way
to fetching water,
239
850888
3592
女孩们在打水的路上遭到强暴,
14:26
and then celebrates庆祝
the solution of a new well
240
854480
3810
然后便为在她们家附近修建了水井,
14:30
that drastically大幅 shortens缩短 their walk步行.
241
858290
3455
解决了她们长途取水的问题
而沾沾自喜。
14:33
End结束 of story故事.
242
861745
2208
一切就这样到此为止了。
14:36
But not a word about the rapists强奸犯 who
are still right there in the community社区.
243
864863
5490
压根儿就没有提到
活跃在她们社区的暴力分子。
14:43
If a young年轻 woman女人 on one
of our college学院 campuses校园
244
871813
2314
如果我们这有一个女大学生
14:46
was raped强奸 on her walk步行 to the library图书馆,
245
874127
3146
在去图书馆的路上遭人强暴,
14:49
we would never celebrate庆祝 the solution
of moving移动 the library图书馆 closer接近 to the dorm宿舍.
246
877273
5848
我们绝对不会赞扬
将图书馆移到宿舍附近的解决办法。
14:55
And yet然而, for some reason原因,
this is okay for poor较差的 people.
247
883121
3991
但是出于某种原因,对于穷人而言,
这种办法却是可行的。
15:00
Now the truth真相 is, the traditional传统 experts专家
248
888915
2554
事实上,
传统的发展经济和抗击贫困的专家
15:03
in economic经济 development发展
and poverty贫穷 alleviation缓和,
249
891469
2306
15:05
they don't know how to fix固定 this problem问题.
250
893775
2260
并不知道如何解决这个问题。
15:08
And so what happens发生?
251
896035
1821
那要怎么办呢?
15:09
They don't talk about it.
252
897856
2091
他们只好对此保持沉默。
15:13
But the more fundamental基本的 reason原因
253
901237
4171
但发展中国家的穷人
得不到法律援助的现状
如此遭人冷落,
15:17
that law enforcement强制 for the poor较差的
in the developing发展 world世界
254
905408
2780
15:20
is so neglected被忽视的,
255
908188
1884
其更深层次的原因在于,
15:22
is because the people inside
the developing发展 world世界, with money,
256
910072
3885
发展中国家的富人们
15:25
don't need it.
257
913957
2118
根本不需要法律援助。
15:29
I was at the World世界 Economic经济
Forum论坛 not long ago
258
917165
2580
不久之前,在一个世界经济论坛上,
15:31
talking to corporate企业 executives高管 who have
massive大规模的 businesses企业 in the developing发展 world世界
259
919745
3944
我与几位跟发展中国家
有广泛商业往来的高管们交谈,
15:35
and I was just asking them,
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我问他们,
15:37
"How do you guys protect保护 all your people
and property属性 from all the violence暴力?"
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“你们这些人怎么
保护家人和财产不受侵害?”
15:43
And they looked看着 at each other,
and they said, practically几乎 in unison齐奏,
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他们面面相觑,几乎异口同声地说,
15:48
"We buy购买 it."
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“我们拿钱买保障。”
15:51
Indeed确实, private私人的 security安全 forces军队
in the developing发展 world世界
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事实上,发展中国家私人保卫力量
15:55
are now, four, five and seven times
larger than the public上市 police警察 force.
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是公共警力的
五倍、六倍,甚至八倍。
16:02
In Africa非洲, the largest最大 employer雇主
on the continent大陆 now is private私人的 security安全.
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在非洲这片大陆上,
目前最大的生意就是私人警卫。
16:10
But see, the rich丰富 can pay工资 for safety安全
and can keep getting得到 richer更丰富,
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富人可以用金钱买来安全,
并能不断积累财富,
16:14
but the poor较差的 can't pay工资 for it
and they're left totally完全 unprotected无保护
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但穷人买不起,
只能深陷在危险的环境中,
16:18
and they keep getting得到 thrown抛出
to the ground地面.
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这种情况愈演愈烈。
16:22
This is a massive大规模的 and scandalous诽谤性的 outrage暴行.
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这种无处不在的丑闻
简直让我怒不可遏。
16:26
And it doesn't have to be this way.
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事实完全不必这样发展下去。
16:29
Broken破碎 law enforcement强制 can be fixed固定.
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腐朽的法律实施系统可以修复。
16:32
Violence暴力 can be stopped停止.
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暴力可以被停止。
16:34
Almost几乎 all criminal刑事 justice正义 systems系统,
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几乎所有惩治罪犯的系统,
16:36
they start开始 out broken破碎 and corrupt腐败,
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起初都难免会有漏洞和腐败,
16:39
but they can be transformed改造
by fierce激烈 effort功夫 and commitment承诺.
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但不懈的努力和坚定的决心
可以让系统走向完善。
16:43
The path路径 forward前锋 is really pretty漂亮 clear明确.
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前方要走的路非常清晰。
16:45
Number one: We have to start开始 making制造
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第一,我们必须让抗击暴力
16:49
stopping停止 violence暴力 indispensable必不可少
to the fight斗争 against反对 poverty贫穷.
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成为抗击贫困斗争中
不可缺少的一部分。
16:53
In fact事实, any conversation会话
about global全球 poverty贫穷
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事实上,如果在谈论贫困时
16:55
that doesn't include包括 the problem问题
of violence暴力 must必须 be deemed认为 not serious严重.
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不涉及暴力问题,
那必然就没有抓住问题的实质。
17:01
And secondly其次, we have to begin开始
to seriously认真地 invest投资 resources资源
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其次,我们必须大力
17:05
and share分享 expertise专门知识 to support支持
the developing发展 world世界
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提供资源和专家援助,
为发展中国家建立新的公共保障系统,
17:09
as they fashion时尚 new,
public上市 systems系统 of justice正义,
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而不是私人保卫,
17:13
not private私人的 security安全,
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17:14
that give everybody每个人 a chance机会 to be safe安全.
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这样才会尽可能保障每个人的安全。
这种转变是切实可行的,
17:18
These transformations转换
are actually其实 possible可能
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17:21
and they're happening事件 today今天.
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并且已经在进行中了。
17:23
Recently最近, the Gates盖茨 Foundation基础
funded资助 a project项目
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最近,盖茨基金会资助了
在菲律宾第二大城市的一个项目,
17:26
in the second第二 largest最大 city
of the Philippines菲律宾,
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17:29
where local本地 advocates倡导者
and local本地 law enforcement强制
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当地的积极分子和法律工作者
17:32
were able能够 to transform转变 corrupt腐败 police警察
and broken破碎 courts法院 so drastically大幅,
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成功地改革了腐败的执法系统和
不作为的法院,
17:39
that in just four short years年份,
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在短短的四年间,
17:41
they were able能够 to measurably可测量 reduce减少
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针对贫穷儿童的
性暴力事件就有效地减少了79%。
17:44
the commercial广告 sexual有性 violence暴力
against反对 poor较差的 kids孩子 by 79 percent百分.
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17:51
You know, from the hindsight事后 of history历史,
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1059758
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有了前车之鉴,
17:55
what's always most inexplicable费解的
and inexcusable不可原谅
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最说不过去、最令人无法容忍的事实
18:00
are the simple简单 failures故障 of compassion同情.
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就是同情心的丧失。
18:05
Because I think history历史 convenes召开
a tribunal法庭 of our grandchildren孙子
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因为,历史之镜会照出我们的良心,
18:10
and they just ask us,
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我们的子孙后代会质问我们,
18:11
"Grandma奶奶, Grandpa爷爷, where were you?
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“爷爷奶奶,你们那时在干什么?
18:16
Where were you, Grandpa爷爷, when
the Jews犹太人 were fleeing逃离 Nazi纳粹 Germany德国
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爷爷,当犹太人逃离纳粹德国,
18:19
and were being存在 rejected拒绝 from our shores海岸?
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1929
却在我们的海岸线遭到拒绝时,
18:21
Where were you?
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1089695
2128
您在哪儿?
18:23
And Grandma奶奶, where were you
when they were marching行军
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2400
奶奶,当他们践踏日裔美国人,
18:26
our Japanese-American日美 neighbors邻居
off to internment拘留 camps营地?
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1094223
4053
将他们关押起来时,您在哪儿?
18:30
And Grandpa爷爷, where were you
when they were beating跳动
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2389
爷爷,当那些非洲裔美国人
18:32
our African-American非裔美国人 neighbors邻居
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只是因为想要获得投票权
18:34
just because they were trying
to register寄存器 to vote投票?"
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3520
而遭到殴打时,您在哪儿?”
18:38
Likewise同样, when our grandchildren孙子 ask us,
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诸如此类,当我们的孙辈问我们,
18:42
"Grandma奶奶, Grandpa爷爷, where were you
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1110702
2441
“爷爷,奶奶,
当世界上最穷的二十亿人遭受日常暴力
却得不到法律保障时,
18:45
when two billion十亿 of the world's世界 poorest最穷
were drowning溺死 in a lawless不法 chaos混沌
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4493
18:49
of everyday每天 violence暴力?"
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2701
您在哪儿?”
18:53
I hope希望 we can say that we had compassion同情,
that we raised上调 our voice语音,
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6565
我希望我们可以回答说:
我们赋予了同情心、发出了呼吁,
18:59
and as a generation, we were moved移动
to make the violence暴力 stop.
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7832
我们这一代人都为之动容,
也尽力去制止了暴力行为。
19:07
Thank you very much.
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2457
非常感谢。
19:10
(Applause掌声)
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3689
(掌声)
19:25
Chris克里斯 Anderson安德森: Really powerfully有力 argued争论.
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2895
Chris Anderson:
这真是个震撼人心的演讲。
19:28
Talk to us a bit about
some of the things
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2279
告诉我们一些
19:31
that have actually其实 been happening事件 to,
for example, boost促进 police警察 training训练.
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6524
正在开展的行动吧,
比如,警力的训练。
19:37
How hard a process处理 is that?
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1839
这样的过程有多难?
19:39
GHGH: Well, one of the glorious辉煌
things that's starting开始 to happen发生 now
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3582
GH: 现在正在进行的
最令人赞叹的事情之一就是
19:43
is that the collapse坍方 of these systems系统
and the consequences后果 are becoming变得 obvious明显.
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1171009
4610
这些体系的坍塌及其
后果已浮出水面,
19:47
There's actually其实, now,
political政治 will to do that.
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1175619
3362
政客们正着力解决。
19:50
But it just requires要求 now an investment投资
of resources资源 and transfer转让 of expertise专门知识.
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4125
但现在正需要资源和专业技能的投入。
19:55
There's a political政治 will struggle斗争
that's going to take place地点 as well,
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3403
政治上也会有些阻力,
19:58
but those are winnable胜算 fights打架,
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1186509
1815
但这些都是可以解决的,
20:00
because we've我们已经 doneDONE some examples例子
around the world世界
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2299
因为全世界范围内已有先例,
20:02
at International国际 Justice正义 Mission任务
that are very encouraging鼓舞人心的.
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3109
比如“国际正义行动”就很鼓舞人心。
20:05
CACA: So just tell us in one country国家,
how much it costs成本
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3501
CA: 告诉我们,在一个国家,
20:09
to make a material材料 difference区别
to police警察, for example --
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1197233
3515
比如,要彻底革新警力系统,
需要多少投入——
20:12
I know that's only one piece of it.
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1200748
1790
我知道这只是其中一小部分。
20:14
GHGH: In Guatemala危地马拉, for instance,
we've我们已经 started开始 a project项目 there
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1202538
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GH: 比如在危地马拉,
我们开展了一项运动,
训练当地的警力、司法系统和检察官,
20:17
with the local本地 police警察
and court法庭 system系统, prosecutors检察官,
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1205754
3252
20:21
to retrain再培训 them so that they can
actually其实 effectively有效 bring带来 these cases.
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1209006
3813
提升他们的执行能力,
以有效地将罪犯绳之以法。
20:24
And we've我们已经 seen看到 prosecutions起诉 against反对
perpetrators肇事者 of sexual有性 violence暴力
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1212819
4312
我们已经得知,
此后对性暴力罪犯的诉讼
20:29
increase增加 by more than 1,000 percent百分.
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1217131
2836
增加了十倍之多。
20:31
This project项目 has been very modestly谦虚 funded资助
at about a million百万 dollars美元 a year,
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1219967
4389
这项运动所需的资金
大概是每年一百万美金,
20:36
and the kind of bang
you can get for your buck降压
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2306
从中得到的丰硕的回报就是,
20:38
in terms条款 of leveraging借力
a criminal刑事 justice正义 system系统
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1226662
4176
如果可以训练出一只强大的队伍,
激励并有效地引领他们,
20:42
that could function功能 if it were properly正确
trained熟练 and motivated动机 and led,
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1230838
4757
打击罪犯、维护正义的体系
就可以高效地运作起来,
20:47
and these countries国家,
especially特别 a middle中间 class
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2543
在这些国家,尤其是中产阶层
20:50
that is seeing眼看 that there's
really no future未来
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过去看到这不安定的局势、
20:53
with this total instability不稳定 and
total privatization私有化 of security安全
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3868
完全私人化的警力时是多么无助,
20:57
I think there's an opportunity机会,
a window窗口 for change更改.
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但我认为现在已经有了
去改变这一现状的机会了。
21:00
CACA: But to make this happen发生, you have
to look at each part部分 in the chain --
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CA: 要让这成为现实,
你需要关注整条链上的每一个环节——
21:05
the police警察, who else其他?
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警方,还有呢?
21:07
GHGH: So that's the thing
about law enforcement强制,
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2281
GH: 关于法律的实施,
21:09
it starts启动 out with the police警察,
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1443
从警方开始,
21:11
they're the front面前 end结束
of the pipeline管道 of justice正义,
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他们维护正义,奋斗在前线,
21:14
but they hand if off to the prosecutors检察官,
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1947
他们将罪犯送到检察官手里,
21:16
and the prosecutors检察官
hand it off to the courts法院,
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检察官再将罪犯送上法庭,
21:18
and the survivors幸存者 of violence暴力
have to be supported支持的 by social社会 services服务
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惨遭暴力的幸存者始终都需要
得到社会的保障与支持。
21:21
all the way through通过 that.
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1306
所以你需要做的就是
把这几方面结合在一起。
21:22
So you have to do an approach途径
that pulls that all together一起.
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过去,对法院的培训很少,
21:25
In the past过去, there's been a little bit
of training训练 of the courts法院,
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法院只能从警方得到蹩脚的证据,
21:28
but they get crappy蹩脚的 evidence证据
from the police警察,
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2174
姑且不说这对惩治毒贩
和恐怖分子有多少帮助,
21:30
or a little police警察 intervention介入
that has to do with narcotics毒品 or terrorism恐怖主义
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3637
21:34
but nothing to do with treating治疗
the common共同 poor较差的 person
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2868
他们在建立完善的法律实施体系来
保障广大穷人的利益方面
几乎没有任何作为,
21:37
with excellent优秀 law enforcement强制,
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1285405
1519
21:38
so it's about pulling that all together一起,
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2025
因此,我们需要把
每一个环节有机地结合起来,
21:40
and you can actually其实 have people
in very poor较差的 communities社区
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让那些生活在贫困中的人们
21:44
experience经验 law enforcement强制 like us,
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像我们一样
得到法律的切实保障,
21:46
which哪一个 is imperfect不完善 in our
own拥有 experience经验, for sure,
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2822
或许我们还对身边的问题满腹牢骚,
21:49
but boy男孩, is it a great thing to sense
that you can call 911
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3132
但是当你知道只要拨打911,
21:52
and maybe someone有人 will protect保护 you.
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3036
就会有人来保护你了,
是多么的不容易。
21:55
CACA: Gary加里, I think you've doneDONE
a spectacular壮观 job工作
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CA: Gary, 你太了不起了,
21:57
of bringing使 this to the world's世界 attention注意
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通过你的书还有今天的演讲,
你会让全世界都开始关注这个问题。
21:59
in your book and right here today今天.
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1747
22:01
Thanks谢谢 so much.
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1094
非常感谢,
22:02
Gary加里 Haugen豪根.
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776
Gary Haugen。
22:03
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
Translated by Yumeng Guo
Reviewed by Xingyi Ouyang 歐陽杏儀

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Gary Haugen - Human rights attorney
As founder of International Justice Mission, Gary Haugen fights the chronically neglected global epidemic of violence against the poor.

Why you should listen

While a member of the 1994 United Nations team investigating war crimes in Rwanda, Gary Haugen’s eyes were opened to the appalling extent of violence in the developing world. Upon his return to the US, he founded International Justice Mission, an organization devoted to rescuing victims of global violence including trafficking and slavery.

In The Locust Effect, Haugen outlines the catastrophic effect of everyday violence on the lives of the impoverished, and shows how rampant violence is undermining efforts to alleviate poverty.

More profile about the speaker
Gary Haugen | Speaker | TED.com