ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Christopher Soghoian - Privacy researcher and activist
Christopher Soghoian researches and exposes the high-tech surveillance tools that governments use to spy on their own citizens, and he is a champion of digital privacy rights.

Why you should listen

TED Fellow Christopher Soghoian is a champion of digital privacy rights, with a focus on the role that third-party service providers play in enabling governments to monitor citizens. As the principal technologist at the American Civil Liberties Union, he explores the intersection of federal surveillance and citizen's rights.

Before joining the ACLU, he was the first-ever technologist for the Federal Trade Commision's Division of Privacy and Identity Protection, where he worked on investigations of Facebook, Twitter, MySpace and Netflix. Soghoian is also the creator of Do Not Track, an anti-tracking device that all major web browsers now use, and his work has been cited in court.

More profile about the speaker
Christopher Soghoian | Speaker | TED.com
TEDSummit

Christopher Soghoian: Your smartphone is a civil rights issue

克里斯托弗·索戈扬: 你的智能手机关乎公民权利

Filmed:
1,581,538 views

你的智能手机代表的不仅仅是个人品味 ... 它也可以决定你被跟踪的可能性有多大。隐私权专家,TED伙伴克里斯托弗·索戈扬详细阐述了苹果系统和安卓系统间有关加密的设置,并督促我们关注增长的数字安全分化现象。“如果那些能保护他们数据隐私不受政府监视的只是有钱有权的人,就有问题了,”他说,“这不仅是一个网络安全的问题——这是公民权利的问题。”
- Privacy researcher and activist
Christopher Soghoian researches and exposes the high-tech surveillance tools that governments use to spy on their own citizens, and he is a champion of digital privacy rights. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
In the spring弹簧 of 2016,
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在2016年的春季,
一场在苹果公司和美国联邦调查局
之间的战争
00:15
a legal法律 battle战斗 between之间 Apple苹果
and the Federal联邦 Bureau of Investigation调查
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吸引了全世界的注意。
00:19
captured捕获 the world's世界 attention注意.
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00:21
Apple苹果 has built内置 security安全 features特征
into its mobile移动 products制品
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苹果在其出产的手机产品里
设置了安全系统,
00:24
which哪一个 protect保护 data数据 on its devices设备
from everyone大家 but the owner所有者.
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能够保护使用者的数据不被泄露。
这意味着,犯罪分子、黑客,
是的,甚至是政府
00:28
That means手段 that criminals罪犯, hackers黑客
and yes, even governments政府
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都被拒之门外。
00:33
are all locked锁定 out.
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对于苹果的客户而言,
这太棒了。
00:35
For Apple's苹果 customers顾客,
this is a great thing.
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00:38
But governments政府 are not so happy快乐.
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但政府就不那么高兴了。
00:41
You see, Apple苹果 has made制作
a conscious意识 decision决定
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苹果公司做了一个清醒的决定,
让自己远离监视活动。
00:43
to get out of the surveillance监控 business商业.
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苹果让监视变得极其困难,
00:46
Apple苹果 has tried试着 to make surveillance监控
as difficult as possible可能
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不论是政府还是其他任何他人。
00:49
for governments政府 and any other actors演员.
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00:53
There are really two
smartphone手机 operating操作 systems系统
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在全球智能手机市场上
只有两个(主流)操作系统:
00:56
in the global全球 smartphone手机 market市场:
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iOS和安卓。
00:57
iOSiOS版 and AndroidAndroid的.
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00:59
iOSiOS版 is made制作 by Apple苹果.
AndroidAndroid的 is made制作 by Google谷歌.
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iOS是苹果公司的,
安卓系统是Google开发的。
01:03
Apple苹果 has spent花费 a lot of time and money
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苹果花了很长时间和金钱
来确保其产品具备极佳的安全性。
01:06
to make sure that its products制品
are as secure安全 as possible可能.
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01:10
Apple苹果 encrypts加密 all data数据
stored存储 on iPhonesiPhone手机 by default默认,
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苹果为储存在iPhone里的
数据默认加密,
苹果手机间传送的短信
01:13
and text文本 messages消息 sent发送 from one
Apple苹果 customer顾客 to another另一个 Apple苹果 customer顾客
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也被默认加密,
01:17
are encrypted加密 by default默认
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无需用户进行任何设置。
01:19
without the user用户 having
to take any actions行动.
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01:22
What this means手段 is that,
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这就意味着,
如果警察拿到一部
带有密码的苹果手机,
01:24
if the police警察 seize抢占 an iPhone苹果手机
and it has a password密码,
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01:28
they'll他们会 have a difficult time
getting得到 any data数据 off of it,
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他们将很难从手机中拿到任何数据,
几乎不可能。
01:32
if they can do it at all.
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01:34
In contrast对比, the security安全 of AndroidAndroid的
just really isn't as good.
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相反的,安卓系统的安全性
就没有那么好了。
安卓手机,或者至少是
大部分售卖给顾客的
01:38
AndroidAndroid的 phones手机, or at least最小
most of the AndroidAndroid的 phones手机
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安卓手机,
01:41
that have been sold出售 to consumers消费者,
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没有默认加密手机中储存的数据,
01:43
do not encrypt加密 data数据 stored存储
on the device设备 by default默认,
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安卓中内置的短信应用
也没有使用加密。
01:46
and the built-in内建的 text文本 messaging消息 app应用
in AndroidAndroid的 does not use encryption加密.
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01:51
So if the police警察 seize抢占 an AndroidAndroid的 phone电话,
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如果警察拿到了一部安卓手机,
他们很有可能从那部手机中拿到想要
01:54
chances机会 are, they'll他们会 be able能够 to get
all the data数据 they want
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获得的全部数据。
01:57
off of that device设备.
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01:59
Two smartphones智能手机
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两种智能手机,
由世界上最大的两个公司出产,
02:01
from two of the biggest最大
companies公司 in the world世界;
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02:04
one that protects保护 data数据 by default默认,
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一个默认保护用户数据,
02:06
and one that doesn't.
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一个不是。
02:08
Apple苹果 is a seller卖家 of luxury豪华 goods产品.
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苹果售卖的是昂贵的产品,
占据高端市场。
02:12
It dominates占主导地位 the high end结束 of the market市场.
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02:14
And we would expect期望 a manufacturer生产厂家
of luxury豪华 goods产品 to have products制品
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我们自然会期待奢侈品制造商的产品
有更多功能。
02:19
that include包括 more features特征.
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02:21
But not everyone大家 can afford给予 an iPhone苹果手机.
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但并不是每个人
都能买得起一部iPhone。
这就是安卓系统真正占领的市场:
02:23
That's where AndroidAndroid的
really, really dominates占主导地位:
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中低端市场,
02:26
at the middle中间 and low end结束 of the market市场,
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十五亿无法负担,
02:29
smartphones智能手机 for the billion十亿
and a half people
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或是不愿意花600美元
02:32
who cannot不能 or will not spend
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02:34
600 dollars美元 on a phone电话.
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购买手机的用户。
但安卓系统手机的市场优势
导致了我所说的
02:41
But the dominance霸主地位 of AndroidAndroid的
has led to what I call
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“数字安全分化”。
02:47
the "digital数字 security安全 divide划分."
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也就是,穷人和富人的隐私安全状况
02:49
That is, there is now increasingly日益 a gap间隙
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出现了越来越大的差异。
02:52
between之间 the privacy隐私
and security安全 of the rich丰富,
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那些买得起默认保护数据的
电子产品的富人,
02:56
who can afford给予 devices设备
that secure安全 their data数据 by default默认,
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03:00
and of the poor较差的,
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以及那些使用
03:01
whose谁的 devices设备 do very little
to protect保护 them by default默认.
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无法保证安全的电子产品的穷人。
03:07
So, think of the average平均 Apple苹果 customer顾客:
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想想看,苹果的用户一般来说是:
03:12
a banker银行家, a lawyer律师,
a doctor医生, a politician政治家.
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银行家,律师,医生,政客。
03:17
These individuals个人 now increasingly日益 have
smartphones智能手机 in their pockets口袋
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这些人越来越倾向于使用这些手机,
能够默认保护他们的通话,
他们的短信息,
03:22
that encrypt加密 their calls电话,
their text文本 messages消息,
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以及手机上的所有数据,
03:26
all the data数据 on the device设备,
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而不需要做任何额外设置。
03:27
without them doing really anything
to secure安全 their information信息.
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03:32
In contrast对比, the poor较差的
and the most vulnerable弱势 in our societies社会
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相对的,那些穷人,
和那些社会里最不受保护的人,
使用的电子设备却将他们轻易地
暴露于被监控的危险。
03:36
are using运用 devices设备 that leave离开 them
completely全然 vulnerable弱势 to surveillance监控.
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03:43
In the United联合的 States状态, where I live生活,
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在美国,我居住的地方,
非洲裔美国人更容易被怀疑,
03:45
African-Americans非洲裔美国人 are more likely容易
to be seen看到 as suspicious可疑
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或是更容易被记录在案,
03:49
or more likely容易 to be profiled异形,
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03:51
and are more likely容易 to be targeted针对
by the state with surveillance监控.
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更容易被国家列为监视目标。
03:56
But African-Americans非洲裔美国人
are also disproportionately不成比例 likely容易
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但是,非洲裔美国人大多使用
03:58
to use AndroidAndroid的 devices设备
that do nothing at all
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那些无法保护他们隐私的
安卓系统手机。
04:01
to protect保护 them from that surveillance监控.
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04:04
This is a problem问题.
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这是个问题。
04:07
We must必须 remember记得
that surveillance监控 is a tool工具.
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我们必须记住,监视是一个工具。
04:10
It's a tool工具 used by those in power功率
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一个被有权力的人掌控,
04:13
against反对 those who have no power功率.
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用来对付没有权力的人的工具。
04:17
And while I think it's absolutely绝对 great
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我认为苹果这样的公司自动加密
保护用户的隐私,真的值得称赞,
04:21
that companies公司 like Apple苹果
are making制造 it easy简单 for people to encrypt加密,
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04:26
if the only people
who can protect保护 themselves他们自己
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但如果那些能够保护自己
不被政府轻易监视的人
04:30
from the gaze凝视 of the government政府
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是有钱且有权的,
04:31
are the rich丰富 and powerful强大,
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04:33
that's a problem问题.
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这就是个问题。
04:35
And it's not just a privacy隐私
or a cybersecurity网络安全 problem问题.
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这不仅仅是一个关于隐私
或是网络安全的问题。
04:39
It's a civil国内 rights权利 problem问题.
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这是关于公民权利的问题。
04:42
So the lack缺乏 of default默认 security安全 in AndroidAndroid的
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因此,安卓系统
没有默认安全设置的问题,
不仅仅是关乎
那些使用这部电子产品的
04:45
is not just a problem问题
for the poor较差的 and vulnerable弱势 users用户
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贫穷且容易受伤害的用户。
04:51
who are depending根据 on these devices设备.
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这其实是个事关我们民主的问题。
04:53
This is actually其实 a problem问题
for our democracy民主.
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04:56
I'll explain说明 what I mean.
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我解释下这是什么意思。
04:58
Modern现代 social社会 movements运动
rely依靠 on technology技术 --
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当代的社会运动依赖科技——
从“珍视黑人生命”到“阿拉伯之春”,
再到“占领华尔街”。
05:01
from Black黑色 Lives生活 Matter to the Arab阿拉伯 Spring弹簧
to Occupy占据 Wall Street.
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05:07
The organizers组织者 of these movements运动
and the members会员 of these movements运动
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这些运动的组织者
和参与这些运动的人们
越来越多地使用智能手机
来联络和组织活动。
05:11
increasingly日益 communicate通信
and coordinate坐标 with smartphones智能手机.
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05:16
And so, naturally自然 governments政府
that feel threatened受威胁 by these movements运动
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于是,那些感到自身政权
被这些运动所威胁的政府,
会盯上组织者和他们的智能手机。
05:20
will also target目标 the organizers组织者
and their smartphones智能手机.
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05:25
Now, it's quite相当 possible可能
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很有可能,
未来的马丁路德金,或是曼德拉,
又或者是甘地,
05:27
that a future未来 Martin马丁 Luther路德 King国王
or a Mandela曼德拉 or a Gandhi甘地
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会用iPhone来保护自己
不受政府监视。
05:31
will have an iPhone苹果手机 and be protected保护
from government政府 surveillance监控.
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05:36
But chances机会 are,
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但也有可能,
他们的口袋里只有一个便宜的
20美元的安卓手机。
05:37
they'll他们会 probably大概 have a cheap低廉,
$20 AndroidAndroid的 phone电话 in their pocket口袋.
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05:42
And so if we do nothing
to address地址 the digital数字 security安全 divide划分,
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如果我们对电子设备安全问题
置之不理,
如果我们不确保社会里的每个人
05:46
if we do nothing to ensure确保
that everyone大家 in our society社会
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05:51
gets得到 the same相同 benefits好处 of encryption加密
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都能得到电子产品安全加密的保护,
能够平等地保护自身不被国家监视,
05:53
and is equally一样 able能够 to protect保护 themselves他们自己
from surveillance监控 by the state,
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不仅仅是那些贫穷和易受伤害的人
会暴露在监视下,
05:57
not only will the poor较差的 and vulnerable弱势
be exposed裸露 to surveillance监控,
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06:02
but future未来 civil国内 rights权利
movements运动 may可能 be crushed
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未来的公民权利运动也有可能
在它们真正兴起之前被扼杀。
06:05
before they ever reach达到
their full充分 potential潜在.
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谢谢。
06:07
Thank you.
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(鼓掌)
06:09
(Applause掌声)
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06:15
Helen海伦 Walters沃尔特斯: Chris克里斯, thank you so much.
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海伦·沃特(HW):
克里斯,非常感谢你。
我有一个问题想要问你。
06:17
I have a question for you.
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我们近期从媒体获知,
06:19
We saw recently最近 in the press
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06:21
that Mark标记 Zuckerberg扎克伯格 from FacebookFacebook的
covers盖子 over his camera相机
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脸书的马克·扎克伯格
把(电脑)摄像头遮盖起来了,
并且也对自己的耳机麦克风
做了些保护。
06:27
and does something
with his headphone耳机 micMIC jack插口.
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我想问你一个比较私人的问题:
06:30
So I wanted to ask you
a personal个人 question, which哪一个 is:
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你也这样做吗?
06:32
Do you do that?
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另外,我们在座的各位,包括我自己,
06:33
And, on behalf代表 of everyone大家
here, particularly尤其 myself,
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需要这样做吗?
06:36
Should we be doing that?
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我们也需要把这些都遮盖起来吗?
06:37
Should we be covering覆盖 these things?
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06:39
Christopher克里斯托弗 SoghoianSoghoian: Putting a sticker贴纸 --
actually其实, I like Band-Aids创可贴,
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克里斯托弗·索戈扬(CS):
我喜欢用创可贴来贴住他们,
因为你可以反复把它们撕掉再贴上,
06:43
because you can remove去掉 them
and put them back on
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当你需要打电话,
或是用skype视频通话的时候。
06:46
whenever每当 you want to make
a call or a SkypeSkype的 call.
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把摄像头贴起来可能是
06:48
Putting a sticker贴纸 over your web卷筒纸 cam凸轮
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保护自己的隐私最好的方式,
06:50
is probably大概 the best最好 thing
you can do for your privacy隐私
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这是最简单易行的。
06:52
in terms条款 of bang for buck降压.
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真的有很多恶意程序,病毒软件
06:54
There really is malware恶意软件,
malicious恶毒 software软件 out there
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能够侵入你的摄像头,
06:58
that can take over your web卷筒纸 cam凸轮,
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甚至都不会有
(摄像头开启指示)灯亮起来。
07:00
even without the light turning车削 on.
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犯罪分子、跟踪狂
可能会使用这样的软件。
07:02
This is used by criminals罪犯.
This is used by stalkers跟踪狂.
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你可以在网上用19.99美元买到
“窥视你的前女友”软件。
07:05
You can buy购买 $19.99 "spy间谍
on your ex-girlfriend前女友" software软件 online线上.
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这真的很可怕。
07:10
It's really terrifying可怕的.
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当然,政府也会使用这些。
07:11
And then, of course课程,
it's used by governments政府.
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这同样也会导致性侵害案件,
07:14
And there's obviously明显
a sexual有性 violence暴力 component零件 to this,
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07:17
which哪一个 is that this kind of surveillance监控
can be used most effectively有效
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这样的偷窥监视活动很可能被用来
侵害妇女或是任何人,
让他们在社会上抬不起头。
07:20
against反对 women妇女 and other people
who can be shamed羞愧 in our society社会.
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07:28
Even if you think
you have nothing to hide隐藏,
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即使你认为自己没什么要隐藏的,
但是,如果你和孩子,
或是青少年一起生活,
07:30
at the very least最小, if you have
children孩子, teenagers青少年 in your lives生活,
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请确保贴住他们的摄像头,
来保护他们。
07:35
make sure you put a sticker贴纸
on their camera相机 and protect保护 them.
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HW: 太棒了,谢谢你。
CS: 谢谢。
07:38
HWHW: Wow. Thank you so much.
CSCS: Thank you.
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HW: 谢谢,克里斯。
07:40
HWHW: Thanks谢谢, Chris克里斯.
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(鼓掌)
07:41
(Applause掌声)
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Translated by Zhiting Chen
Reviewed by Yangyang Liu

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Christopher Soghoian - Privacy researcher and activist
Christopher Soghoian researches and exposes the high-tech surveillance tools that governments use to spy on their own citizens, and he is a champion of digital privacy rights.

Why you should listen

TED Fellow Christopher Soghoian is a champion of digital privacy rights, with a focus on the role that third-party service providers play in enabling governments to monitor citizens. As the principal technologist at the American Civil Liberties Union, he explores the intersection of federal surveillance and citizen's rights.

Before joining the ACLU, he was the first-ever technologist for the Federal Trade Commision's Division of Privacy and Identity Protection, where he worked on investigations of Facebook, Twitter, MySpace and Netflix. Soghoian is also the creator of Do Not Track, an anti-tracking device that all major web browsers now use, and his work has been cited in court.

More profile about the speaker
Christopher Soghoian | Speaker | TED.com