Kate Stafford: How human noise affects ocean habitats
凯特·斯塔福德: 人类噪音是如何影响海洋栖息地的
Kate Stafford's research examines migratory movements, geographic variation and physical drivers of marine mammals, particularly large whales. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
by Jacques Cousteau won
"Le Monde Du Silence,"
the underwater world was a quiet world.
is anything but silent.
are inaudible above water
and the time of year,
as any jungle or rainforest.
fish and marine mammals
to know something about their environment.
inhospitable place,
that I would rather be than the Arctic,
and spring comes.
embodies this disconnect
and what's going on underwater.
all white and blue and cold --
一片白色和蓝色,十分寒冷,
would at first amaze
nothing for kilometers but ice,
are bowhead and beluga whales,
and pops and groans,
它们发生碰撞和摩擦,
or currents or winds change.
in the dead of winter,
we navigate our world.
and light transmit poorly,
over great distances.
is especially important,
mammals have to hear each other,
哺乳动物们需要听到同伴的声音,
for cues in the environment
heavy ice ahead or open water.
most of their lives underwater,
for thin ice or no ice,
and varied underwater soundscape.
shifts or current changes,
of the lowest ambient noise levels
in seasonal sea ice,
greenhouse gas emissions.
experiment with our planet.
实施一场完全无法控制的实验。
decreases in seasonal sea ice
six weeks to four months.
referred to as an increase
the Arctic is navigable to vessels.
of ice changing,
is causing a loss of habitat
or walrus, or polar bears.
increased erosion along coastal villages,
增加了沿岸岸村庄的水土流失,
for marine birds and mammals.
soundscape of the Arctic.
on the oceans for a living
the different contributors
of climate change.
from three fronts:
or a static in the background.
doesn't make it into the water column,
between the atmosphere and the water.
very low ambient noise levels.
to this wave noise,
and the intensity of storms in the Arctic
in a previously quiet ocean.
that is created by more open water.
and swim in ice-covered waters,
off of your back is not very conducive
animals from the ice.
of fin whales and humpback whales
by subarctic species.
between Arctic and subarctic animals?
diseases or parasites into the Arctic?
that they are producing
increased human use of the Arctic.
人类可以更多地利用北极。
through the Northwest Passage --
between Europe and the Pacific.
humans to occupy the Arctic more often.
and gas exploration and extraction,
levels of stress hormones in whales
low-frequency "whoomps"
behavior of whales.
are decreasing the acoustic space
can communicate.
are used to very high levels of noise
animals or from sea ice,
with which they've evolved,
to their very survival.
are loud and they're alien.
in ways that we think we understand,
important sense for these animals.
of the Arctic changing rapidly,
from the quiet countryside
in the middle of rush hour.
from migrating north,
is to slow down ships
in seasons and regions
or feeding or migrating.
to explore the ocean bottom.
working on this right now.
least decelerating
of a silent world underwater.
swimming in the Arctic today,
like the bowhead whale
two human lives --
were alive in 1956,
we are creating in the oceans today,
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Kate Stafford - OceanographerKate Stafford's research examines migratory movements, geographic variation and physical drivers of marine mammals, particularly large whales.
Why you should listen
Dr. Kate Stafford has worked in marine habitats all over the world, from the tropics to the poles, and is fortunate enough to have seen (and recorded) blue whales in every ocean in which they occur. Stafford's current research focuses on the changing acoustic environment of the Arctic and how changes from declining sea ice to increasing industrial human use may be influencing subarctic and Arctic marine mammals.
Stafford is a Principal Oceanographer at the Applied Physics Lab and affiliate Associate Professor in the School of Oceanography at the University of Washington in Seattle. She has degrees in French literature and biology from the University of California at Santa Cruz and wildlife science (MS) and oceanography (PhD) from Oregon State University. Before going to graduate school, she lived as a Fulbright scholar for a year in Paris studying Medieval French literature. Stafford's research has been featured in Wild Blue: a Natural History of the World's Largest Animal by Dan Bortolotti, the New York Times "Scientist at Work" blog, The Planet magazine, and in Highlights for Children magazine. She has collaborated with artists around the world, providing sounds for multimedia art exhibits.
Kate Stafford | Speaker | TED.com