TED@NYC
Christopher Emdin: Teach teachers how to create magic
Chris Emdin: 教導教師們學習教學魔法
Filmed:
Readability: 4
2,394,287 views
嘻哈、社區理髮店和週日教會有何雷同處？Christopher Emdin 說，這些地方都能教導教師們學習讓學生全神貫注的魔法：這項我們時常忘了教導教師們的教學技巧。科學助手 Science advocate （同時身為 Science Genius B.A.T.T.L.E.S. 與 Wu-Tang Clan 的 GZA 的合創者）要讓教學體驗變得更生動有趣。
Christopher Emdin - Education pioneer
Christopher Emdin is a science advocate who uses hip-hop to make better teachers. Full bio
Christopher Emdin is a science advocate who uses hip-hop to make better teachers. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
Right now
0
1039
1758
現在
00:14
there is an aspiring teacher
1
2797
2742
有一位有追求的教師
00:17
who is working on a 60-page paper
2
5539
3651
正在寫一篇60頁的文章
00:21
based on some age-old education theory
3
9190
3510
基於一些古老的教育理論
它們都是由一些早已逝去的教育學教授所開發
00:24
developed by some dead education professor
4
12700
4193
00:28
wondering to herself what this task
5
16893
2718
這位老師問她自己
00:31
that she's engaging in
6
19611
1640
她正從事的這項任務
00:33
has to do with what she wants to do with her life,
7
21251
2528
和她的終身職志有什麼關聯
00:35
which is be an educator,
8
23779
2226
她想做一個教育工作者
00:38
change lives, and spark magic.
9
26005
4114
改變學生的人生，創造奇跡
00:42
Right now there is an aspiring teacher
10
30119
4884
現在有一位有抱負的老師
00:47
in a graduate school of education
11
35003
1956
正在成為教育學碩士的路上
00:48
who is watching a professor babble on and on
12
36959
3008
他看著教授不停的講
00:51
about engagement
13
39967
2124
如何投入
00:54
in the most disengaging way possible.
14
42091
5174
以一種事不關己的態度。
00:59
Right now
15
47265
1650
現在
01:00
there's a first-year teacher at home
16
48915
2199
有一個第一年做老師的人在家中
01:03
who is pouring through lesson plans
17
51114
2552
大量地瀏覽課程計劃
01:05
trying to make sense of standards,
18
53666
2330
想讓標準更明了
01:07
who is trying to make sense of how
to grade students appropriately,
to grade students appropriately,
19
55996
3190
努力的想要弄清楚如何給學生正確評分，
01:11
while at the same time saying to herself
20
59186
1639
同時她又在
01:12
over and over again,
21
60825
2214
一遍又一遍的對自己說
01:15
"Don't smile till November,"
22
63039
1958
“十一月之前不要微笑。”
01:16
because that's what she was taught
23
64997
2083
因為在她的教育課程中
01:19
in her teacher education program.
24
67080
3022
她就是這樣被教育的
01:22
Right now there's a student
25
70102
2856
現在有一個學生
01:24
who is coming up with a way
26
72958
1684
想出了一個辦法
01:26
to convince his mom or dad
27
74642
2488
讓他的父母相信
01:29
that he's very, very sick
28
77130
1508
他病的非常，非常嚴重
01:30
and can't make it to school tomorrow.
29
78638
3873
並且明天不能去上學。
01:34
On the other hand, right now
30
82511
2897
另一方面，現在
01:37
there are amazing educators
31
85408
2350
有許多傑出的教育者
01:39
that are sharing information,
32
87758
1774
正在分享知識，
01:41
information that is shared in such a beautiful way
33
89532
2647
以一種引人入勝的方式
01:44
that the students are sitting
at the edge of their seats
at the edge of their seats
34
92179
2391
讓學生們聚精會神地坐在椅子上
01:46
just waiting for a bead of sweat
35
94570
2112
只是爲了等待一滴甘甜的露珠
01:48
to drop off the face of this person
36
96682
2585
從老師的臉上掉下來
01:51
so they can soak up all that knowledge.
37
99267
3045
并努力去汲取全部的知識
01:54
Right now there is also a person
38
102312
3718
現在同樣有一個人
01:58
who has an entire audience rapt with attention,
39
106030
3361
他能使所有的觀眾全神貫注在他身上
02:01
a person that is weaving a powerful narrative
40
109391
2892
他正在編織一個強有力的敘述
02:04
about a world
41
112283
1676
關於一個在座的人中
02:05
that the people who are listening
42
113959
1555
從來都沒有
02:07
have never imagined or seen before,
43
115514
2366
聽說或想像過的世界
02:09
but if they close their eyes tightly enough,
44
117880
2518
但是如果他們的眼睛閉的夠緊
02:12
they can envision that world
45
120398
1639
他們可以看到這個世界
02:14
because the storytelling is so compelling.
46
122037
3995
因為講故事的人是如此引人入勝
02:18
Right now there's a person who can tell an audience
47
126032
3139
現在有一個人可以告訴他的觀眾
02:21
to put their hands up in the air
48
129171
1903
高舉他們的雙手
02:23
and they will stay there till he says,
49
131074
1650
並不放下，直到他說
02:24
"Put them down."
50
132724
1744
“放下來吧。“
02:26
Right now.
51
134468
1668
就是現在
02:28
So people will then say,
52
136136
1404
所以有人會說，
02:29
"Well, Chris, you describe the guy
53
137540
2863
“好，Chris，你描述了一個
02:32
who is going through some awful training
54
140403
2024
經歷了糟糕的訓練的人
02:34
but you're also describing these powerful educators.
55
142427
2533
但是你同樣描述了這些有影響力的教育家。
02:36
If you're thinking about the world of education
56
144960
1534
如果你想想像世界上所有的教育者
02:38
or urban education in particular,
57
146494
1598
特別是做城市教育的，
02:40
these guys will probably cancel each other out,
58
148092
2046
這些人可能會相互抵消，
02:42
and then we'll be okay."
59
150138
2246
這樣應該就扯平了。“
02:44
The reality is, the folks I described
60
152384
2502
現實就是，我所描述的這些人
02:46
as the master teachers,
61
154886
1716
作為大師級的老師，
02:48
the master narrative builders,
62
156602
2337
敘事的大師，
02:50
the master storytellers
63
158939
1951
講故事的大師
02:52
are far removed from classrooms.
64
160890
3598
根本不在所謂的教室。
02:56
The folks who know the skills about how to teach
65
164488
2382
那些知道教學技巧的人
02:58
and engage an audience
66
166870
1322
如何吸引觀眾的人
03:00
don't even know what teacher certification means.
67
168192
2920
甚至連什麼是教師資格證都不知道
03:03
They may not even have the degrees
68
171112
2062
他們可能都沒有學位
03:05
to be able to have anything
69
173174
3261
沒有任何東西可以
03:08
to call an education.
70
176435
2304
讓他的行為被稱為是教育。
03:10
And that to me is sad.
71
178739
1732
這一點對我來說是可悲的
03:12
It's sad because the people who I described,
72
180471
2999
之所以可悲，是因為我所描述的這些人，
03:15
they were very disinterested in the learning process,
73
183470
2767
他們對學習的過程不感興趣，
03:18
want to be effective teachers,
74
186237
1858
他們想成為好老師，
03:20
but they have no models.
75
188095
1352
但是沒有方法。
03:21
I'm going to paraphrase Mark Twain.
76
189447
1745
我想引用一句馬克吐溫的話
03:23
Mark Twain says that proper preparation,
77
191192
2530
他說：“恰當的準備，
03:25
or teaching,
78
193722
1400
或者教學，
03:27
is so powerful that it can turn bad morals to good,
79
195122
3616
強烈到可以讓道德從壞到好，
03:30
it can turn awful practices into powerful ones,
80
198738
2672
讓沒用的方式變得有用，
03:33
it can change men and transform them
81
201410
2584
可以改變人
并把他們轉化成天使。”
03:35
into angels.
82
203994
2601
03:38
The folks who I described earlier
83
206595
2303
前面我描述的那些人
03:40
got proper preparation in teaching,
84
208898
1990
做了充分的教學準備，
03:42
not in any college or university,
85
210888
2084
不是在學院或者大學，
03:44
but by virtue of just being in the
same spaces of those who engage.
same spaces of those who engage.
86
212972
3995
而是在一個大家都聚精會神的空間
03:48
Guess where those places are?
87
216967
2243
猜猜這樣的地方在哪裡？
03:51
Barber shops,
88
219210
2066
理髮店，
03:53
rap concerts, and most importantly,
89
221276
3188
說唱音樂會，並且最重要的是，
03:56
in the black church.
90
224464
1648
在黑人教會里，
03:58
And I've been framing this idea
called Pentecostal pedagogy.
called Pentecostal pedagogy.
91
226112
2919
我把這些思想稱為五旬節教育學。
04:01
Who here has been to a black church?
92
229031
2310
現場的觀眾誰去過黑人聚教會？
04:03
We got a couple of hands.
93
231341
2309
有一些人舉起了手。
04:05
You go to a black church,
94
233650
1363
當你走進黑人教會，
04:07
their preacher starts off
95
235013
1611
牧師開始講道
04:08
and he realizes that he has to engage the audience,
96
236624
2886
他意識到他必須讓觀眾投入，
04:11
so he starts off with this sort of wordplay
97
239510
1846
因此他經常
04:13
in the beginning oftentimes,
98
241356
1684
文字遊戲做為開頭
04:15
and then he takes a pause,
99
243040
1818
然後他稍微停頓一下，
04:16
and he says, "Oh my gosh, they're
not quite paying attention."
not quite paying attention."
100
244858
2181
他說，”天啊。他們沒有全神貫注。“
04:19
So he says, "Can I get an amen?"
101
247039
1601
所以他說，”我們一起說阿們？“
04:20
Audience: Amen.
102
248640
986
觀眾：阿門。
04:21
Chris Emdin: So I can I get an amen?
Audience: Amen.
Audience: Amen.
103
249626
2299
Chris：一起說阿們？ 觀眾：阿們
04:23
CE: And all of a sudden, everybody's reawoken.
104
251925
3332
Chris： 突然間，大家被喚醒了。
04:27
That preacher bangs on the pulpit for attention.
105
255257
2061
牧師敲打講台吸引大家的注意。
04:29
He drops his voice at a very, very low volume
106
257318
2660
他把自己說話聲音降得很低很低
04:31
when he wants people to key into him,
107
259978
1874
當他希望人們用心聽道的時候，
04:33
and those things are the skills that we need
108
261852
2256
這些技巧正是那些
04:36
for the most engaging teachers.
109
264108
2075
想吸引學生的導師所需要的。
04:38
So why does teacher education
110
266183
1438
那麼為何老師的培養
04:39
only give you theory and theory
111
267621
2073
只是教你理論和理論
04:41
and tell you about standards and tell you about
112
269694
2236
要你背誦教師標準
04:43
all of these things that have nothing to do
113
271930
1944
等這類對於
04:45
with the basic skills, that magic that you need
114
273874
3316
學習基礎的技巧、吸引觀眾、學生的魔法
04:49
to engage an audience, to engage a student?
115
277190
2969
一點用處都沒有的東西
04:52
So I make the argument that
we reframe teacher education,
we reframe teacher education,
116
280159
3018
於是我提出重塑教師教育的想法，
04:55
that we could focus on content, and that's fine,
117
283177
2785
我們可以注重內容，當然，
04:57
and we could focus on theories, and that's fine,
118
285962
2306
而且我們可以重視理論，沒錯，
05:00
but content and theories
119
288268
1571
但是內容和理論
05:01
with the absence of the magic
120
289839
2604
若沒有有效的呈現方法
05:04
of teaching and learning means nothing.
121
292443
2911
這種教學就失靈了。
05:07
Now people oftentimes say,
"Well, magic is just magic."
"Well, magic is just magic."
122
295354
2755
你可能會說“魔法只是魔法而已。”
05:10
There are teachers who,
123
298109
1381
有一些教師，
05:11
despite all their challenges, who have those skills,
124
299490
2464
面對所有挑戰，擁有這些技巧，
05:13
get into those schools and are
able to engage an audience,
able to engage an audience,
125
301954
2721
進了學校後，讓他的聽眾全神貫注
05:16
and the administrator walks by and says,
126
304675
1294
教學行政官員經過說，
05:17
"Wow, he's so good, I wish all
my teachers could be that good."
my teachers could be that good."
127
305969
2928
“哇，我希望所有老師都像他這麼棒。”
05:20
And when they try to describe what that is,
128
308897
2043
當他們描述他的時候，
05:22
they just say, "He has that magic."
129
310940
2230
他們只是說，”他就是有那種魔力。“
05:25
But I'm here to tell you
130
313170
1262
但是我在這裡要說的是
05:26
that magic can be taught.
131
314432
2458
魔力是可以被教會的。
05:28
Magic can be taught.
132
316890
2347
魔力是可以被教會的。
05:31
Magic can be taught.
133
319237
2812
魔力是可以被教會的。
05:34
Now, how do you teach it?
134
322049
1531
但，該怎麼做？
05:35
You teach it by allowing people
135
323580
1671
你要讓人們
05:37
to go into those spaces
136
325251
1405
走進那些魔法發生的空間裡
05:38
where the magic is happening.
137
326656
1602
去現場親身感受魔力。
05:40
If you want to be an aspiring
teacher in urban education,
teacher in urban education,
138
328258
2732
如果你想成為一名優秀的城市教育者，
05:42
you've got to leave the confines of that university
139
330990
2282
你必須擺脫學校的束縛
05:45
and go into the hood.
140
333272
1758
親自到社區裡。
05:47
You've got to go in there and
hang out at the barbershop,
hang out at the barbershop,
141
335030
2110
你必須去理髮店混一混，
05:49
you've got to attend that black church,
142
337140
1382
你必須去黑人教會體驗體驗，
05:50
and you've got to view those folks
143
338522
1455
你一定要親眼目睹
05:51
that have the power to engage
144
339977
1803
這些人的吸引力
05:53
and just take notes on what they do.
145
341780
1780
并記住他們做了什麽
05:55
At our teacher education classes at my university,
146
343560
3000
我在我大學教育專業課裡
05:58
I've started a project where every single student
147
346560
2394
舉辦一個活動
06:00
that comes in there sits and watches rap concerts.
148
348954
4592
讓每個學生都來聽嘻哈音樂會。
06:05
They watch the way that the rappers move
149
353546
2223
觀察歌手用身體和手勢
06:07
and talk with their hands.
150
355769
1533
來加強表達能力的方式。
06:09
They study the way that he
walks proudly across that stage.
walks proudly across that stage.
151
357302
2980
他們學習歌手驕傲的走過舞台。
06:12
They listen to his metaphors and analogies,
152
360282
2206
他們聽他的譬喻和比喻，
06:14
and they start learning these little things
153
362488
1612
他們開始學習這些細小的東西
06:16
that if they practice enough
154
364100
1800
經過勤奮的練習
06:17
becomes the key to magic.
155
365900
1689
這就會成為魔力。
06:19
They learn that if you just stare at a student
156
367589
2261
他們知道如果你只是盯著一個學生
06:21
and raise your eyebrow about a quarter of an inch,
157
369850
2503
微微挑起眉毛
06:24
you don't have to say a word
158
372353
1467
你不用說任何話
06:25
because they know that that
means that you want more.
means that you want more.
159
373820
3573
因為學生懂得裡面的深層含義。
06:29
And if we could transform teacher education
160
377393
2455
同樣，如果我們可以轉型教師培訓
06:31
to focus on teaching teachers
161
379848
2262
把教育重心轉移到教育導師們
06:34
how to create that magic
162
382110
1953
如何創造魔力
06:36
then poof! we could make dead classes come alive,
163
384063
3797
我們可以讓原本死氣沉沉的課堂充滿活力，
06:39
we could reignite imaginations,
164
387860
1714
我們可以重新點燃想像力的火焰，
06:41
and we can change education.
165
389574
1716
我們可以改變教育。
06:43
Thank you.
166
391290
3094
謝謝。
06:46
(Applause)
167
394384
2839
（鼓掌）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Christopher Emdin - Education pioneerChristopher Emdin is a science advocate who uses hip-hop to make better teachers.
Why you should listen
Chris Emdin believes the best teachers can be found in the unlikeliest of places -- and that traditional education theory is failing our students. That's why he founded Science Genius B.A.T.T.L.E.S. (Bring Attention to Transforming Teaching, Learning and Engagement in Science), which takes the techniques for self-expression and engagement used in hip-hop into the classroom. (Wu-Tang Clan’s GZA is a fan and supporter as well.) Emdin is a contributor to The Huffington Post and is an associate professor at Columbia University’s Teacher’s College.
More profile about the speakerChristopher Emdin | Speaker | TED.com