ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Eric Liu - Civics educator
Eric Liu is founder of Citizen University, which teaches the art of powerful citizenship, and the executive director of the Aspen Institute Citizenship & American Identity Program.

Why you should listen

Eric Liu is an author, educator and civic entrepreneur. He is the founder and CEO of Citizen University, which promotes and teaches the art of great citizenship through a portfolio of national programs, and the executive director of the Aspen Institute Citizenship and American Identity Program.

Liu's books include the national bestsellers The Gardens of Democracy, and The True Patriot, co-authored with Nick Hanauer. His most recent book is A Chinaman's Chance, published in July, 2014. His first book, The Accidental Asian: Notes of a Native Speaker, was a New York Times Notable Book featured in the PBS documentary "Matters of Race." His other books include Guiding Lights: How to Mentor – and Find Life's Purpose, the Official Book of National Mentoring Month; and Imagination First, co-authored with Scott Noppe-Brandon of the Lincoln Center Institute, which explores ways to unlock imagination in education, politics, business and the arts.

Liu served as a White House speechwriter for President Bill Clinton and later as the President's deputy domestic policy adviser. After the White House, he was an executive at the digital media company RealNetworks. In 2002 he was named one of the World Economic Forum’s Global Leaders of Tomorrow, and in 2010 he was awarded the Bill Grace Leadership Legacy Award by the Center for Ethical Leadership.

Liu lives in Seattle, where he teaches civic leadership at the University of Washington and hosts Citizen University TV, a television program about civic power. In addition to speaking regularly at venues across the country, he also serves on numerous nonprofit and civic boards. He is the co-founder of the Washington Alliance for Gun Responsibility. A board member of the Corporation for National and Community Service, he is a graduate of Yale College and Harvard Law School.

More profile about the speaker
Eric Liu | Speaker | TED.com
TEDCity2.0

Eric Liu: Why ordinary people need to understand power

劉柏川: 為什麼大眾應了解權力

Filmed:
2,147,704 views

太多的美國公民對權力一無所知 —— 權力是什麼?權力如何運行?為什麼有些人會掌握權力?正因如此,那小部份理解權力的人掌握著對公眾不成比例的影響力。「我們必須讓公民權力再度引人注目,」公民教育者劉柏川說:「必須讓它再度獲得吸引力,如同過去美國革命與公民權利運動時期那般。」
- Civics educator
Eric Liu is founder of Citizen University, which teaches the art of powerful citizenship, and the executive director of the Aspen Institute Citizenship & American Identity Program. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

我是在美國教公民教育的老師,
00:12
I'm a teacher老師 and a practitioner從業者
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00:14
of civics公民 in America美國.
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也是公民教育的實踐者。
00:16
Now, I will kindly和藹 ask those of
you who have just fallen墮落 asleep睡著
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現在,請那些剛才睡著的人
00:19
to please wake喚醒 up. (Laughter笑聲)
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打起精神。(笑聲)
為什麼人們一聽到
「公民教育」這個名詞
00:21
Why is it that the very word "civics公民"
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00:23
has such這樣 a soporific催眠,
even a narcoleptic發作性睡眠病 effect影響
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就昏昏欲睡,
甚至如患了發作性睡眠病一般?
00:26
on us?
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00:28
I think it's because the very
word signifies表示 something
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我想是因為這個名詞
象徵著非常崇高的道德,
非常重要,
00:32
exceedingly非常 virtuous,
exceedingly非常 important重要,
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00:35
and exceedingly非常 boring無聊.
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和相當無聊。
00:37
Well, I think it's the responsibility責任 of people like us,
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我認為,我們大家,
來到這種聚會的人們,
00:40
people who show顯示 up for gatherings聚會 like this
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00:42
in person or online線上, in any way we can,
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以及在網上觀看的人,
有責任以力所能及的任何方式,
00:45
to make civics公民 sexy性感的 again,
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讓公民教育再度煥發生機,
00:48
as sexy性感的 as it was during the American美國 Revolution革命,
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如美國革命時,
00:51
as sexy性感的 as it was during the Civil國內 Rights Movement運動.
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或如美國民權運動時期
那樣生機勃勃。
00:54
And I believe the way we make civics公民 sexy性感的 again
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我相信讓公民教育
再度煥發生機的途徑是
00:57
is to make explicitly明確地 about the teaching教學 of power功率.
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明確的落實於關於權力的教育。
01:02
The way we do that, I believe,
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我認為要實現它,
01:04
is at the level水平 of the city.
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關鍵是從城市這一層面入手。
01:06
This is what I want to talk about today今天,
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這就是今天我想跟大家談論的主题。
01:08
and I want to start開始 by defining確定 some terms條款
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我想從解釋一些概念開始,
01:11
and then I want to describe描述 the scale規模
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然後我會闡述我們目前
01:13
of the problem問題 I think we face面對
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面臨的問題,
01:15
and then suggest建議 the ways方法 that I believe cities城市
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進而提出解決辦法,
即城市是解決問題的根本。
01:17
can be the seat座位 of the solution.
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01:19
So let me start開始 with some definitions定義.
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那麼,我們由一些定義開始吧。
01:23
By civics公民, I simply只是 mean the art藝術
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所謂公民教育,簡單的說
01:25
of being存在 a pro-social親社會, problem-solving解決問題 contributor貢獻者
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是在一個自主管轄的社區,
作為一名關愛社會、
01:28
in a self-governing自治 community社區.
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幫忙解決問題的貢獻者的藝術。
01:30
Civics思域 is the art藝術 of citizenship國籍,
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公民教育是身為一個公民的藝術,
01:33
what Bill法案 Gates蓋茨 Sr. calls電話 simply只是
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這正是比爾‧蓋茨之父所謂的
01:35
showing展示 up for life,
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「為生活出席」
01:37
and it encompasses包括 three things:
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它包含三個方面內容:
01:39
a foundation基礎 of values,
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價值觀的基礎、
01:43
an understanding理解 of the systems系統
that make the world世界 go round回合,
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對於讓世界正常運轉的體系的理解、
01:47
and a set of skills技能
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以及一套
01:49
that allow允許 you to pursue追求 goals目標
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讓你追尋目標
01:51
and to have others其他 join加入 in that pursuit追求.
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並讓他人跟隨你的願景的技能。
這就引到了我對權力的定義,
01:54
And that brings帶來 me to my definition定義 of power功率,
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01:57
which哪一個 is simply只是 this:
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一個簡單的定義如下:
01:59
the capacity容量 to make others其他 do
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讓他人按照你的意願
02:01
what you would have them do.
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去做事情的能力。
02:04
It sounds聲音 menacing來勢洶洶, doesn't it?
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這聽起來有些邪惡,不是嗎?
02:07
We don't like to talk about power功率.
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我們從來都不喜歡談論權力,
02:09
We find it scary害怕. We find it somehow不知何故 evil邪惡.
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我們覺得這個名詞可怕,
而且有些邪惡。
連去定義它,
都會讓我們感覺不自在。
02:15
We feel uncomfortable不舒服 naming命名 it.
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02:17
In the culture文化 and mythology神話 of democracy民主,
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在民主的文化和神話裡,
02:19
power功率 resides所在 with the people.
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權力掌握在人的手裡。
02:21
Period. End結束 of story故事.
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句號。就是如此而已!
02:23
Any further進一步 inquiry查詢 not necessary必要
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沒有必要進一步探討權力,
02:24
and not really that welcome歡迎.
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因為它不那麼受歡迎。
02:26
Power功率 has a negative moral道德 valence.
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權力違背道德價值觀,
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It sounds聲音 Machiavellian權謀 inherently本質.
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而且它本質上就有些權謀術的味道,
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It seems似乎 inherently本質 evil邪惡.
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似乎本質上就是邪惡的。
02:36
But in fact事實 power功率 is no more inherently本質 good or evil邪惡
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事實上,
權力在本質上不分好壞對錯,
02:39
than fire or physics物理.
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就像自然界的火、物理原理那樣,
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It just is.
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權力只是權力,僅此而已。
02:45
And power功率 governs共治
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權力支配著
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how any form形成 of government政府 operates操作,
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任何政府運作的所有形式,
02:47
whether是否 a democracy民主 or a dictatorship專政.
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不管是民主的政府,或獨裁的政府。
02:51
And the problem問題 we face面對 today今天,
here in America美國 in particular特定,
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我們今天面臨的問題,在美國尤甚,
02:54
but all around the world世界,
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也是個全球性的問題,
02:56
is that far too many許多 people
are profoundly深深 illiterate文盲
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即太多太多的人
對權力幾乎一無所知
02:59
in power功率
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03:01
what it is, who has it,
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對於權力是什麼,
誰擁有權力,
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how it operates操作, how it flows流動,
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它如何運作,如何流轉,
03:05
what part部分 of it is visible可見,
what part部分 of it is not,
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權力的哪部分為人所知,
哪部分鮮為人知,
03:08
why some people have it,
why that's compounded複合.
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為何有些人擁有權力,
為何權力總是交錯繁雜。
03:12
And as a result結果 of this illiteracy文盲,
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這種一無所知的結果就是,
03:15
those few少數 who do understand理解
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那些極少數了解
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how power功率 operates操作 in civic公民 life,
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權力是如何在公民生活中運作的人,
03:20
those who understand理解
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那些了解
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how a bill法案 becomes a law, yes,
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如何讓一個法案變成一個法律條文,
03:24
but also how a friendship友誼
becomes a subsidy補貼,
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如何將友誼轉化為財富,
03:28
or how a bias偏壓 becomes a policy政策,
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如何讓一個偏見變成一項政策,
03:31
or how a slogan口號 becomes a movement運動,
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或如何讓一個口號發展成一場運動的人,
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the people who understand理解 those things
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正是了解這些事情的人
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wield disproportionate不成比例 influence影響,
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造成不成比例的影響力,
03:38
and they're perfectly完美 happy快樂
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而且他們極其樂於
03:39
to fill the vacuum真空 created創建 by the ignorance無知
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填補大多數民眾的無知
造成的空洞。
03:42
of the great majority多數.
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這就是為什麼
03:47
This is why it is so fundamental基本的 for us right now
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掌握權力的意義並將其大眾化
03:50
to grab hold保持 of this idea理念 of power功率
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對我們當今這麼重要。
03:54
and to democratize民主化 it.
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03:56
One of the things that is so profoundly深深 exciting扣人心弦
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另外有一件令人極度振奮
04:01
and challenging具有挑戰性的 about this moment時刻
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又極具挑戰性的事情,
04:03
is that as a result結果 of this power功率 illiteracy文盲
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那就是由於這種
對權力一無所知的狀態,
04:06
that is so pervasive無處不在,
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04:09
there is a concentration濃度
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如此廣泛的存在,
形成了一個
04:12
of knowledge知識, of understanding理解, of clout影響力.
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知識、理解和影響力的集中。
04:16
I mean, think about it:
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你想想:
04:18
How does a friendship友誼 become成為 a subsidy補貼?
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如何將友誼轉化為財富?
04:21
Seamlessly無縫,
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非常順暢地,
04:23
when a senior前輩 government政府 official官方 decides決定
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當一個政府高級官員決定
辭掉政府的工作,
成為一名私有企業的說客,
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to leave離開 government政府 and become成為 a lobbyist說客
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04:28
for a private私人的 interest利益
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將他或她的人脈資源
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and convert兌換 his or her relationships關係 into capital首都
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轉化為他們的新雇主
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for their new masters主人.
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的財富。
04:35
How does a bias偏壓 become成為 a policy政策?
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偏見如何轉變為一項政策?
04:37
Insidiously陰險, just the way that
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不知不覺地,就如同
攔截盤查,
04:41
stop-and-frisk停止並蒐身, for instance,
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後來變成官僚的數字遊戲。
04:43
became成為 over time a bureaucratic官僚主義 numbers數字 game遊戲.
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04:47
How does a slogan口號 become成為 a movement運動?
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一個口號如何變成一場運動?
04:50
Virally維拉利, in the way that the Tea Party派對, for instance,
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如病毒般,就如同
在美國革命中扛起
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was able能夠 to take the "Don't Tread on Me" flag
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04:56
from the American美國 Revolution革命,
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「不要踐踏我」的旗幟的茶黨身上。
04:58
or how, on the other side,
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或者,另一方面,
05:00
a band of activists活動家 could take a magazine雜誌 headline標題,
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一群激進分子從刊在雜誌上的頭條,
05:03
"Occupy佔據 Wall Street,"
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「占領華爾街」開始,
05:05
and turn that into a global全球 meme米姆 and movement運動.
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發展成為一場全球性的運動。
05:08
The thing is, though雖然, most people
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然而,大多數人
05:10
aren't looking for and don't
want to see these realities現實.
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並不主動尋找、
也不期望看到這些真實現狀。
05:13
So much of this ignorance無知, this civic公民 illiteracy文盲,
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所以,這個無知,對公民權力的無知,
05:17
is willful恣意.
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很大程度上是有意的。
05:19
There are some millennials千禧, for instance,
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例如一些千禧世代的人們,
05:20
who think the whole整個 business商業 is just sordid污穢.
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認為整個政界都是肮髒的,
05:23
They don't want to have anything to do with politics政治.
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他們不想與政治有任何交集,
05:25
They'd他們會 rather just opt選擇 out
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他們甘願退出,
05:26
and engage從事 in volunteerism志願服務.
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而致力於社會志願服務。
05:29
There are some techies技術人員 out there
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也有一些極客們
05:31
who believe that the cure-all包治百病
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認為解決一切權力失衡
05:32
for any power功率 imbalance失調 or power功率 abuse濫用
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或權力濫用的萬能良藥,
05:35
is simply只是 more data數據,
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在於更多的數據,
05:37
more transparency透明度.
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和更大的透明度。
05:40
There are some on the left who think power功率 resides所在
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一些左翼人士認為權力
只掌控在企業手裡,
05:42
only with corporations公司,
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05:44
and some on the right who think power功率
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而右翼人士卻認為權力
05:46
resides所在 only with government政府,
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只掌控在政府手裡。
05:47
each side blinded失明 by their selective可選擇的 outrage暴行.
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他們都被各自選擇性的憤怒
蒙蔽了雙眼。
05:51
There are the naive幼稚 who believe that
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也有些很天真的人相信,
05:54
good things just happen發生
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美好的事情自然會來臨,
05:55
and the cynical憤世嫉俗的 who believe
that bad things just happen發生,
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也有憤世嫉俗的人,
相信糟糕的事情注定會發生。
05:58
the fortunate幸運 and unfortunate不幸的 unlike不像
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還有那些幸運的或不幸運的人
06:01
who think that their lot is simply只是 what they deserve值得
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認為他們的命數已定,
06:04
rather than the eminently突出地 alterable可變 result結果
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而不是藉由事先安排和
06:08
of a prior arrangement安排, an inherited遺傳 allocation分配,
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一種權力的繼承分配
06:11
of power功率.
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顯然可以改變的。
06:15
As a result結果 of all of this
creeping爬行 fatalism宿命論 in public上市 life,
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由於對於公權力的
這種無可救藥的宿命論,
06:19
we here, particularly尤其 in America美國 today今天,
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尤其在當今的美國,
06:21
have depressingly令人沮喪 low levels水平
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我們對於
06:23
of civic公民 knowledge知識, civic公民 engagement訂婚, participation參與,
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公民知識、公民參與,公民意識
06:26
awareness意識.
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知之甚少。
政界裡裡外外都已
06:29
The whole整個 business商業 of politics政治 has been
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06:31
effectively有效 subcontracted分包 out
to a band of professionals專業人士,
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「轉包」給專家、
06:34
money people, outreach推廣 people,
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富豪、圈外人、
06:36
message信息 people, research研究 people.
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掌握資訊的人、研究人员。
06:38
The rest休息 of us are meant意味著 to feel like amateurs業餘
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剩下的人注定感覺如外行一般,
06:41
in the sense of suckers吸盤.
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是不折不扣的傻瓜。
06:44
We become成為 demotivated失去動力 to learn學習 more
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我們變得沒有動力去探究
06:46
about how things work.
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事情怎樣運作,
06:47
We begin開始 to opt選擇 out.
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我們開始選擇不參與。
06:53
Well, this problem問題, this challenge挑戰,
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這個問題,這個挑戰,
06:57
is a thing that we must必須 now confront面對,
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現在我們必須直視。
06:59
and I believe that when you have
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我相信,如果你一直冷漠下去,
07:00
this kind of disengagement解脫, this willful恣意 ignorance無知,
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一直有意地視而不見,
07:03
it becomes both a cause原因 and a consequence後果
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這種冷漠就會成為我剛才所說的
07:07
of this concentration濃度 of opportunity機會
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財富、勢力的聚集的原因和結果,
07:10
of wealth財富 and clout影響力 that I was
describing說明 a moment時刻 ago,
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造成嚴重的公民不平等。
07:12
this profound深刻 civic公民 inequality不等式.
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07:16
This is why it is so important重要 in our time right now
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這就是為什麼
以權力的教育來理解公民教育
07:19
to reimagine重新構想 civics公民 as the teaching教學 of power功率.
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是如此重要、迫在眉睫。
07:22
Perhaps也許 it's never been more important重要
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也許從沒有像在今天
07:25
at any time in our lifetimes壽命.
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這麼重要過。
如果人們不懂得權力,
07:30
If people don't learn學習 power功率,
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07:32
if people don't wake喚醒 up,
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人們不覺醒,
07:34
and if they don't wake喚醒 up,
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如果人們不覺醒,
07:36
they get left out.
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就會被遺棄。
07:38
Now, part部分 of the art藝術 of practicing power功率
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施展權力的藝術,部分在於
07:43
means手段 being存在 awake甦醒 and having a voice語音,
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保持警醒,並有自己的見解,
07:45
but it also is about having an arena競技場
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也在於擁有一個可以
07:47
where you can plausibly振振有詞 practice實踐 deciding決定.
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施展決斷力的舞台。
07:51
All of civics公民 boils down to the simple簡單 question
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所有公民教育的問題
都可歸結為這一簡單問題:
07:54
of who decides決定,
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誰來決策?
07:55
and you have to play that out
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因此,你必須有一個地方、
有一個舞台來施展。
07:57
in a place地點, in an arena競技場.
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07:59
And this brings帶來 me to the third第三
point that I want to make today今天,
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這就引到了我今天想強調的第三點,
08:02
which哪一個 is simply只是 that there is no better arena競技場
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當今而言,沒有比城市
08:06
in our time for the practicing of power功率
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更適合作為練習施展權力的舞台。
08:09
than the city.
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08:12
Think about the city where you live生活,
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想一下你生活的城市,
08:14
where you're from.
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你來自的城市,
08:15
Think about a problem問題 in
the common共同 life of your city.
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想一個你的城市裡日常生活中的問題,
08:19
It can be something small,
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可以是小事情,
08:20
like where a street lamp should go,
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比如路燈應安裝在何處;
08:22
or something medium like
185
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或是稍微大一點的事情,
08:24
which哪一個 library圖書館 should have its hours小時 extended擴展 or cut,
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比如某個圖書館開放時間
該延長還是縮短;
08:28
or maybe something bigger,
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或是更大的事情,
08:29
like whether是否 a dilapidated殘破 waterfront濱水 should be
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比如廢棄的海濱是否
08:32
turned轉身 into a highway高速公路 or a greenway綠色通道,
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應改建為高速路或綠化帶,
08:35
or whether是否 all the businesses企業 in your town
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1698
或者當地所有的公司
08:37
should be required需要 to pay工資 a living活的 wage工資.
191
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是否需支付足以生活的工資。
考慮一下你希望
你的城市要做出的改變,
08:41
Think about the change更改 that you want in your city,
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08:43
and then think about how you would get it,
193
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3712
然後考慮你如何實現它,
08:47
how you would make it happen發生.
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如何讓它成為現實。
08:50
Take an inventory庫存 of all the forms形式 of power功率
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列出你所在的城市裡
08:53
that are at play in your city's城市的 situation情況:
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所有形式的權力:
08:56
money, of course課程, people, yes,
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金錢,當然了。
人,是的。
09:00
ideas思路, information信息, misinformation誤傳,
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理念、資訊、錯誤的資訊、
09:05
the threat威脅 of force, the force of norms規範.
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武力的威脅、規範的力量,
09:09
All of these form形成 of power功率 are at play.
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所有形式的權力都在發揮著作用。
09:11
Now think about how you would activate啟用
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現在考慮一下你如何激發
09:12
or perhaps也許 neutralize抵消 these various各個 forms形式 of power功率.
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或調和這些不同形式的權力。
09:17
This is not some Game遊戲 of Thrones權力
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這不是《權力的游戲》中
09:20
empire-level帝國級 set of questions問題.
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帝國層面的問題,
09:23
These are questions問題 that play out
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1893
這是地球上任何地方都
09:24
in every一切 single place地點 on the planet行星.
206
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2746
在上演的問題。
09:27
I'll just tell you quickly很快 about two stories故事
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下面我快速地講兩個故事,
09:29
drawn from recent最近 headlines新聞頭條.
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2036
這兩個故事都來自於近期頭條新聞。
09:31
In Boulder漂礫, Colorado科羅拉多州,
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在科羅拉多州的博爾德,
09:33
voters選民 not too long ago approved批准 a process處理
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選民在不久前通過了一項決議,
09:37
to replace更換 the private私人的 power功率 company公司,
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將一個私有的電力公司,
09:40
literally按照字面 the power功率 company公司,
the electric電動 company公司 XcelXcel公司,
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2312
即艾克賽爾能源公司,
09:42
with a publicly公然 owned擁有的 utility效用
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轉變為公有制,
09:44
that would forego放棄 profits利潤
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1346
不謀利潤,
09:46
and attend出席 far more to climate氣候 change更改.
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3709
而會更多關注氣候變化。
09:49
Well, XcelXcel公司 fought戰鬥 back,
216
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2125
艾克賽爾公司回擊抵抗,
09:51
and XcelXcel公司 has now put in play a ballot選票 measure測量
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2360
目前,它在通過一種投票的方式,
09:54
that would undermine破壞 or undo解開
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1896
試圖干擾或駁回
09:56
this municipalizationmunicipalization.
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1796
這次公有化運動。
09:58
And so the citizen公民 activists活動家 in
Boulder漂礫 who have been pushing推動 this
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2614
因此推動這項運動的博爾德的積極人士,
10:00
now literally按照字面 have to fight鬥爭 the power功率
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現在不得不對抗權力
10:03
in order訂購 to fight鬥爭 for power功率.
222
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2599
來爭取電力。
10:05
In Tuscaloosa塔斯卡盧薩, at the University大學 of Alabama阿拉巴馬,
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在塔斯卡盧薩,阿拉巴馬大學,
10:10
there's an organization組織 on campus校園
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1936
校園裡有個組織
10:12
called, kind of menacingly來勢洶洶, the Machine,
225
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3873
聽起來有些邪惡,叫「機器」。
10:16
and it draws from largely大部分 white白色 sororities聯誼會
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其成員多大來自學校
白人姐妹會和兄弟會。
10:19
and fraternities聯誼會 on campus校園,
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1440
10:20
and for decades幾十年, the Machine has dominated佔主導地位
228
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數十年來,「機器」控制了
10:23
student學生 government政府 elections選舉.
229
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1853
學生的政府選票。
10:25
Well now, recently最近, the Machine
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最近,「機器」
10:27
has started開始 to get involved參與
231
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開始參與到真正的城市政治中。
10:28
in actual實際 city politics政治,
232
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1683
10:30
and they've他們已經 engineered工程 the election選舉
233
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1658
他們主導了
10:32
of a former前任的 Machine member會員,
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一個前「機器」成員的參選,
10:33
a young年輕, pro-business親商 recent最近 graduate畢業
235
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2706
讓這位剛畢業的商業掛帥的年輕人
10:36
to the Tuscaloosa塔斯卡盧薩 city school學校 board.
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進入塔斯卡盧薩市教育董事會。
10:39
Now, as I say, these are just two examples例子
237
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2836
如我前面所述,
這只是從近期新聞頭條中
10:42
drawn almost幾乎 at random隨機 from the headlines新聞頭條.
238
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隨意摘取的兩個故事。
10:45
Every一切 day, there are thousands數千 more like them.
239
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每天都有類似的數以千計的例子。
10:48
And you may可能 like or dislike反感
240
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無論你喜不喜歡我剛剛描述的
10:50
the efforts努力 I'm describing說明 here
241
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1905
發生在博爾德和塔斯卡盧薩的事情,
10:52
in Boulder漂礫 or in Tuscaloosa塔斯卡盧薩,
242
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1329
10:53
but you cannot不能 help but admire欣賞
243
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2642
你都不得不欣賞
10:56
the power功率 literacy讀寫能力 of the players玩家 involved參與,
244
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他們施展權力的素養
10:59
their skill技能.
245
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1175
和技巧。
11:00
You cannot不能 help but reckon估計 with and recognize認識
246
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2976
你也不得不考慮到並且意識到
11:03
the command命令 they have
247
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1611
他們掌握公民權力的一些最基本的問題——
11:05
of the elemental元素 questions問題
248
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2535
11:07
of civic公民 power功率
249
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1876
11:09
what objective目的, what strategy戰略, what tactics策略,
250
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4038
目的是什麼、策略是什麼、戰術是什麼、
11:13
what is the terrain地形, who are your enemies敵人,
251
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2978
戰場是什麼、誰是敵人、誰是戰友?
11:16
who are your allies盟國?
252
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2150
11:18
Now I want you to return返回
253
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1745
現在,讓我們回過頭,
11:20
to thinking思維 about that problem問題 or that opportunity機會
254
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3395
考慮你的城市中的問題、機會、挑戰,
11:23
or that challenge挑戰 in your city,
255
671790
2161
11:25
and the thing it was that you want to fix固定
256
673951
1873
還有你期望在你的城市中解決的事情
11:27
or create創建 in your city,
257
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1811
或創造的事物。
11:29
and ask yourself你自己,
258
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2315
問問你自己,
11:31
do you have command命令 of these
elemental元素 questions問題 of power功率?
259
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3650
你是否熟稔這些問題,
這些權力的最基本的問題?
11:35
Could you put into practice實踐 effectively有效
260
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3050
你能有效地將你知道的東西付諸實踐,
11:38
what it is that you know?
261
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3014
達到你的目的嗎?
11:41
This is the challenge挑戰 and the opportunity機會 for us.
262
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4397
這對於我們是挑戰,也是機會。
11:46
We live生活 in a time right now
263
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2516
在我們如今生活的年代,
11:48
where in spite儘管 of globalization全球化
264
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2987
即使朝著全球化發展,
11:51
or perhaps也許 because of globalization全球化,
265
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2160
也許正因為全球化進程,
11:53
all citizenship國籍 is ever more resonantly共振,
266
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2036
市民交互影響的程度更深,無一例外,
11:55
powerfully有力 local本地.
267
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1780
尤其在本地。
11:57
Indeed確實, power功率 in our time is flowing流動
268
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2708
確實,當今的權力正以更快的速度
12:00
ever faster更快 to the city.
269
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匯聚到城市。
12:02
Here in the United聯合的 States狀態, the national國民 government政府
270
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1648
在美國,中央政府囿於黨派之爭,
12:04
has tied itself本身 up in partisan黨派 knots.
271
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12:07
Civic思域 imagination想像力 and innovation革新 and creativity創造力
272
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2922
公民的設想、創新力、創造力
12:10
are emerging新興 from local本地 ecosystems生態系統 now
273
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2617
正在當地的圈子中產生,並向外輻射,
12:12
and radiating散熱 outward向外,
274
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1890
12:14
and this great innovation革新,
275
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3440
而且這股本土化的偉大創造力
12:18
this great wave
276
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2927
和偉大浪潮,正洶涌而來。
12:21
of localism方言 that's now arriving到達,
277
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3926
你可從人們吃飯、工作、
社交、購物、交通等
12:24
and you see it in how people eat
278
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1665
12:26
and work and share分享 and buy購買 and move移動
279
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2648
日常生活的點滴中看到。
12:29
and live生活 their everyday每天 lives生活,
280
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1695
12:30
this isn't some precious珍貴 parochialism本位主義,
281
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3153
這不是矯揉造作的偏狹,
12:34
this isn't some retreat撤退 into insularity偏狹, no.
282
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3314
這不是退卻到狹隘思維,不是的。
12:37
This is emergent應急.
283
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2363
這是正在發生的。
12:39
The localism方言 of our time is networked聯網 powerfully有力.
284
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3791
當今的時代,本土化正強有力地進行。
12:43
And so, for instance,
285
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1263
比如說,
12:44
consider考慮 the ways方法 that strategies策略
286
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2163
看看那些致力於讓城市
更適合於自行車通行的理念吧,
12:47
for making製造 cities城市 more bike-friendly自行車友好
287
755036
2434
12:49
have spread傳播 so rapidly急速 from Copenhagen哥本哈根
288
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2546
這些理念擴散得如此迅速,
從哥本哈根,到紐約,到奧斯丁,
到波士頓,到西雅圖。
12:52
to New York紐約 to Austin奧斯汀 to Boston波士頓 to Seattle西雅圖.
289
760016
5122
12:57
Think about how experiments實驗
in participatory參與 budgeting預算,
290
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3564
再想想「參與式預算」的實踐,
13:00
where everyday每天 citizens公民 get a chance機會
291
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1473
每天市民都有機會
13:02
to allocate分配 and decide決定 upon
292
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2801
分配和决定
13:04
the allocation分配 of city funds資金.
293
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2934
市政資金的流向。
13:07
Those experiments實驗 have
spread傳播 from Porto波爾圖 Alegre, Brazil巴西
294
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3580
這些實踐已經從巴西的阿雷格里港
13:11
to here in New York紐約 City,
to the wards病房 of Chicago芝加哥.
295
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4350
推廣到紐約和芝加哥。
13:15
Migrant移民 workers工人 from Rome羅馬 to Los洛杉磯 Angeles洛杉磯
296
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2138
從羅馬到洛杉磯,
還有其間的其他城市的移民工人,
13:17
and many許多 cities城市 between之間
297
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2350
13:20
are now organizing組織 to stage階段 strikes罷工
298
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2283
正組織罷工,
13:22
to remind提醒 the people who live生活 in their cities城市
299
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2070
來提醒那些在其城市居住的人們,
要他們設想一下,
13:24
what a day without immigrants移民 would look like.
300
792694
3286
在沒有移民的城市裡
一天的生活會是什麼樣。
13:27
In China中國, all across橫過 that country國家,
301
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在中國,全國範圍內,
13:30
members會員 of the New Citizens'公民 Movement運動
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中國新公民運動的成員
13:32
are beginning開始 to activate啟用 and organize組織
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正在組織行動,
13:34
to fight鬥爭 official官方 corruption腐敗 and graft接枝,
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反對政府官員貪污腐敗。
13:36
and they're drawing畫畫 the ire忿怒 of officials官員 there,
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他們激怒了官員,
13:38
but they're also drawing畫畫 the attention注意
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但他們也吸引了
13:40
of anti-corruption反腐敗 activists活動家 all around the world世界.
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全世界的反貪腐組織的目光。
13:44
In Seattle西雅圖, where I'm from,
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在我來自的地方——西雅圖,
13:46
we've我們已經 become成為 part部分 of a great global全球 array排列 of cities城市
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我們成為了全球一系列城市中的一員。
13:48
that are now working加工 together一起
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這一系列城市團結在一起,
13:50
bypassing通過傳遞 government政府 altogether,
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繞開政府,
13:51
national國民 government政府 altogether,
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繞開中央政府,
13:54
in order訂購 to try to meet遇到 the carbon reduction減少 goals目標
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努力實現京都議定書規定的
13:56
of the Kyoto京都 Protocol協議.
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減少碳排放量的目標。
13:58
All of these citizens公民, united聯合的,
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所有這些市民,聯合在一起,
14:01
are forming成型 a web捲筒紙,
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形成一個網絡,
14:03
a great archipelago群島 of power功率
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雖地域分散,力量卻集中,
14:05
that allows允許 us to bypass旁路
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讓我們可以繞開
14:07
brokenness破碎 and monopolies壟斷 of control控制.
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壟斷權力的控制。
14:11
And our task任務 now is to accelerate加速 this work.
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我們現在的任務是
加速這一進程,
14:14
Our task任務 now is to bring帶來 more and more people
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我們現在的任務是
吸引越來越多的人
14:16
into the fold of this work.
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加入到我們的行動中。
14:18
That's why my organization組織, Citizen公民 University大學,
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這也是我的組織——公民大學
14:21
has undertaken開展 a project項目 now
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在進行的一個專案的原因。
14:23
to create創建 an everyman's普通人的 curriculum課程
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這個案子致力於為所有人提供
14:26
in civic公民 power功率.
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公民權力的課程。
14:28
And this curriculum課程 starts啟動 with this triad黑社會
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這個課程以我剛才
所述的三方面為起點,
14:30
that I described描述 earlier of values,
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2015
即價值觀、系統和能力。
14:32
systems系統 and skills技能.
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14:35
And what I'd like to do is to invite邀請 all of you
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我想邀請你們所有人,
14:38
to help create創建 this curriculum課程
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幫助我建立這個課程,
14:41
with the stories故事 and the experiences經驗
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請你們分享故事和經歷,
14:43
and the challenges挑戰 that each of you lives生活 and faces面孔,
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以及生活中的挑戰,
14:47
to create創建 something powerfully有力 collective集體.
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來匯聚成強大的智慧的結晶。
14:50
And I want to invite邀請 you in particular特定 to try
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我想請你們參與一項實踐練習,
14:52
a simple簡單 exercise行使 drawn
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這是一個簡單的實踐,
14:54
from the early frameworks構架 of this curriculum課程.
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來自這項課程的初步框架。
14:57
I want you to write a narrative敘述,
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我想請你寫下一段故事,
14:59
a narrative敘述 from the future未來 of your city,
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一段來自你的未來城市的故事。
15:02
and you can date日期 it, set it out one year from now,
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你來決定這個城市來自多遠的未來,
可以是一年後,五年後,十年後,
15:06
five years年份 from now, a decade from now,
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15:07
a generation from now,
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也可以是一代以後,
15:09
and write it as a case案件 study研究 looking back,
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如一個案例研究,
從那時回過頭來看現在,
15:13
looking back at the change更改
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看現在的你希望
15:15
that you wanted in your city,
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你的城市做出怎樣的改變,
15:17
looking back at the cause原因
that you were championing擁護,
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看現在的你在鼎力支持著什麼事業,
15:20
and describing說明 the ways方法 that that change更改
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並描述一下你期望的改變
和你從事的事業
15:22
and that cause原因 came來了, in fact事實, to succeed成功.
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如何走向成功;
15:27
Describe描述 the values
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描繪一下
15:28
of your fellow同伴 citizens公民 that you activated活性,
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你所鼓舞的市民們擁有的價值觀,
15:31
and the sense of moral道德 purpose目的
that you were able能夠 to stir攪拌.
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以及你所激發出的人們的品行道德;
15:34
Recount敘事 all the different不同 ways方法
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叙述一下
15:36
that you engaged訂婚 the systems系統 of government政府,
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你參與到政府體制、
15:39
of the marketplace市井,
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市場環境、
15:40
of social社會 institutions機構, of faith信仰 organizations組織,
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2205
社會機構、宗教組織、
15:42
of the media媒體.
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媒體的不同的方式;
15:46
Catalog目錄 all the skills技能 you had to deploy部署,
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將你施展的技能分門別類,
15:50
how to negotiate談判, how to advocate主張,
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如何協商、如何鼓舞、
15:52
how to frame issues問題,
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如何分析問題、
15:53
how to navigate導航 diversity多樣 in conflict衝突,
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2541
如何在矛盾中調和不同的意見,
15:56
all those skills技能 that enabled啟用 you
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正是這些技能讓你
15:58
to bring帶來 folks鄉親 on board
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2071
帶領人們參與其中,
16:00
and to overcome克服 resistance抵抗性.
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克服困難。
16:03
What you'll你會 be doing when you write that narrative敘述
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你寫下這段故事,與此同時,
16:06
is you'll你會 be discovering發現 how to read power功率,
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4079
你會發現如何解讀權力,
16:10
and in the process處理, how to write power功率.
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如何用書面的形式表達權力。
16:15
So share分享 what you write,
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2205
請分享你寫下的故事,
16:17
do you what you write,
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1338
並將你的故事付諸實踐,
16:19
and then share分享 what you do.
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3817
進而分享你的所作所為。
16:23
I invite邀請 you to literally按照字面 share分享
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1994
我請你們把你們的故事
16:25
the narratives敘事 that you create創建
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1894
以文字的形式分享到
16:26
on our FacebookFacebook的 page for Citizen公民 University大學.
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2944
到公民大學的臉書網站上。
16:29
But even beyond that, it's in the conversations對話
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不僅於此,此時此刻
16:32
that we have today今天
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世界各地正在進行的
16:34
all around the world世界 in the simultaneous同時 gatherings聚會
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和我們一樣的集會中,
16:36
that are happening事件 on this topic話題 at this moment時刻,
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2850
在談論公民教育這個話題。
16:39
and to think about how we can become成為
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考慮一下我們如何學習權力,
16:40
one another's他人的 teachers教師 and students學生們 in power功率.
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3600
做彼此的老師和學生。
16:44
If we do that, then together一起
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如果我們同心協力,
就能讓公民教育再度煥發生機。
16:46
we can make civics公民 sexy性感的 again.
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2413
16:49
Together一起, we can democratize民主化 democracy民主
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我們一起,能讓民主思想大眾化,
16:51
and make it safe安全 again for amateurs業餘.
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讓外行人也覺得安全。
16:54
Together一起, we can create創建 a great network網絡 of city
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4349
我們一起,能創造出
一個非常龐大的城市網,
16:59
that will be the most powerful強大 collective集體 laboratory實驗室
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它會是地球上前所未有的
最強大的自主管轄的實驗室。
17:01
for self-government自治政府 this planet行星 has ever seen看到.
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17:05
We have the power功率 to do that.
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我們有能力實現它。
17:08
Thank you very much.
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非常感謝你們。
(掌聲)
17:10
(Applause掌聲)
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Translated by Zhiting Chen
Reviewed by Geoff Chen

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Eric Liu - Civics educator
Eric Liu is founder of Citizen University, which teaches the art of powerful citizenship, and the executive director of the Aspen Institute Citizenship & American Identity Program.

Why you should listen

Eric Liu is an author, educator and civic entrepreneur. He is the founder and CEO of Citizen University, which promotes and teaches the art of great citizenship through a portfolio of national programs, and the executive director of the Aspen Institute Citizenship and American Identity Program.

Liu's books include the national bestsellers The Gardens of Democracy, and The True Patriot, co-authored with Nick Hanauer. His most recent book is A Chinaman's Chance, published in July, 2014. His first book, The Accidental Asian: Notes of a Native Speaker, was a New York Times Notable Book featured in the PBS documentary "Matters of Race." His other books include Guiding Lights: How to Mentor – and Find Life's Purpose, the Official Book of National Mentoring Month; and Imagination First, co-authored with Scott Noppe-Brandon of the Lincoln Center Institute, which explores ways to unlock imagination in education, politics, business and the arts.

Liu served as a White House speechwriter for President Bill Clinton and later as the President's deputy domestic policy adviser. After the White House, he was an executive at the digital media company RealNetworks. In 2002 he was named one of the World Economic Forum’s Global Leaders of Tomorrow, and in 2010 he was awarded the Bill Grace Leadership Legacy Award by the Center for Ethical Leadership.

Liu lives in Seattle, where he teaches civic leadership at the University of Washington and hosts Citizen University TV, a television program about civic power. In addition to speaking regularly at venues across the country, he also serves on numerous nonprofit and civic boards. He is the co-founder of the Washington Alliance for Gun Responsibility. A board member of the Corporation for National and Community Service, he is a graduate of Yale College and Harvard Law School.

More profile about the speaker
Eric Liu | Speaker | TED.com