TED2007
Bernie Dunlap: The life-long learner
Ben Dunlap 談論熱烈激昂的生活
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Wofford 大學校長Ben Dunlap 談論有關 Sandor Teszler的故事，他是ㄧ位匈牙利大屠殺的倖存者教導人們熱烈激昂的生活以及終身學習
Bernie Dunlap - College president
Bernie Dunlap is a true polymath, whose talents span poetry, opera, ballet, literature and administration. He is the president of South Carolina’s Wofford College. Full bio
Bernie Dunlap is a true polymath, whose talents span poetry, opera, ballet, literature and administration. He is the president of South Carolina’s Wofford College. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:18
"Yo napot, pacak!" Which, as somebody here must surely know,
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"Yo napot, pacak!" 在座一定有人知道,
00:24
means "What's up, guys?" in Magyar,
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在匈牙利語是"大家好"的意思
00:27
that peculiar non-Indo-European language spoken by Hungarians
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這種罕見的非印歐語系的語言來自匈牙利
00:30
for which, given the fact that cognitive diversity is
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事實上認知多樣性與生物多樣性
00:33
at least as threatened as biodiversity on this planet,
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在這地球上受到同樣的威脅
00:36
few would have imagined much of a future even a century or two ago.
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一兩世紀以前很少人會想像未來是如何的
00:40
But there it is: "Yo napot, pacak!"
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但我們還是可以聽到"大家好"
00:42
I said somebody here must surely know, because
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我剛剛說在座一定有人知道,因為
00:46
despite the fact that there aren't that many Hungarians to begin with,
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事實上匈牙利不是一個人口眾多得民族
00:49
and the further fact that, so far as I know, there's not a drop
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而且就我所知，我完全沒有匈牙利的血统，
00:52
of Hungarian blood in my veins, at every critical juncture of my life
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但在我生命中重要的時候
00:56
there has been a Hungarian friend or mentor there beside me.
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都會有一位匈牙利朋友和導師，在我後面支持我。
01:00
I even have dreams that take place in landscapes
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我甚至會夢到匈牙利的風景
01:02
I recognize as the landscapes of Hungarian films,
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我在匈牙利電影中得景象，
01:06
especially the early movies of Miklos Jancso.
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特别是那些Miklos Jancso早期的電影。
01:09
So, how do I explain this mysterious affinity?
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我要如何和解釋這些神奇得關係呢？
01:13
Maybe it's because my native state of South Carolina,
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也許這是我來是南卡羅來納州，
01:18
which is not much smaller than present-day Hungary,
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他的面積與現在匈牙利相當，
01:21
once imagined a future for itself as an independent country.
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我曾經想像未來他會成為一個獨立的國家
01:24
And as a consequence of that presumption,
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跟這樣得結果推測，
01:26
my hometown was burned to the ground by an invading army,
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我的家鄉被軍人夷為平地
01:30
an experience that has befallen many a Hungarian town and village
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許多匈牙利的城鎮香村，在漫長得歷史上，也受過外敵入侵，
01:34
throughout its long and troubled history.
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也有過這樣糟糕的經驗。
01:37
Or maybe it's because when I was a teenager back in the '50s,
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或又在那五十年代，當我還是十幾來歲時，
01:40
my uncle Henry -- having denounced the Ku Klux Klan
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我的叔叔亨利，曾被3K黨譴折過
01:43
and been bombed for his trouble and had crosses burned in his yard,
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和受到攻擊及在他的後院燃燒十字架，
01:47
living under death threat -- took his wife and children to Massachusetts for safety
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在生活中充滿死亡的威脅，為了安全的考量帶著他的妻子和小孩到麻州
01:51
and went back to South Carolina to face down the Klan alone.
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之後一個人回到南卡羅納州對抗3K黨。
01:54
That was a very Hungarian thing to do,
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那是ㄧ種很匈牙利的行為，
01:57
as anyone will attest who remembers 1956.
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任何記的1956年的人都可以證明。
02:01
And of course, from time to time Hungarians
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當然，匈牙利人有時候
02:04
have invented their own equivalent of the Klan.
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也組成相當於3K黨的組織
02:06
Well, it seems to me that this Hungarian presence in my life
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這對我來說匈牙利人一直都存在我得生命中
02:13
is difficult to account for, but ultimately I ascribe it to an admiration
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這很難去計算的，最終我把他
02:19
for people with a complex moral awareness,
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歸為複雜的道德意識的欽佩
02:22
with a heritage of guilt and defeat matched by defiance and bravado.
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他們繼承內就與失敗，卻同時戴著藐視及勇氣。
02:27
It's not a typical mindset for most Americans,
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這不是大部分美國人心態
02:30
but it is perforce typical of virtually all Hungarians.
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但這卻是匈牙利典型的心態。
02:34
So, "Yo napot, pacak!"
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所以，"Yo napot, pacak!"
02:36
I went back to South Carolina after some 15 years amid the alien corn
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我在約15年後從異鄉返回到南卡邏萊納州，
02:41
at the tail end of the 1960s,
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那是在60年代後期，
02:44
with the reckless condescension of that era
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懷抱著那個年代的魯莽和自以爲是，
02:47
thinking I would save my people.
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心想我會拯救自己的同胞，
02:49
Never mind the fact that they were slow to acknowledge they needed saving.
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也不管他們很遲才會承認他們需要被拯救。
02:53
I labored in that vineyard for a quarter century before
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我在那個葡萄園勞作過四分之一個世紀，
02:56
making my way to a little kingdom of the just in upstate South Carolina,
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前往南卡羅萊納州北部的一個小王國，
03:00
a Methodist-affiliated institution of higher learning called Wofford College.
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壹所名爲Wofford College的衛理公會附屬高等教育機構。
03:04
I knew nothing about Wofford
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我對Wofford壹無所知，
03:06
and even less about Methodism,
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對衛理公會更是毫無概念，
03:08
but I was reassured on the first day that I taught at Wofford College
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但是在我任教Wofford College的第一天，我就感到放心，
03:12
to find, among the auditors in my classroom,
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我在教室裏的旁聽者中發現，
03:14
a 90-year-old Hungarian, surrounded by a bevy of middle-aged European women
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一位90高齡的匈牙利人，被一群中年歐洲婦女圍繞，
03:21
who seemed to function as an entourage of Rhinemaidens.
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她們就像一群隨從的萊茵河少女。
03:23
His name was Sandor Teszler.
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他名叫Sandor Teszler。
03:26
He was a puckish widower whose wife and children were dead
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他是個淘氣的人，他的妻兒都已離世了
03:30
and whose grandchildren lived far away.
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而他的孫子又住得很遠的地方。
03:33
In appearance, he resembled Mahatma Gandhi,
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他的外表看起來就像甘地...
03:36
minus the loincloth, plus orthopedic boots.
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只是少了遮羞布，和多了矯形靴子。
03:39
He had been born in 1903 in the provinces
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他出生在1903年的奧匈帝國，
03:43
of the old Austro-Hungarian Empire,
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他出生的省份，
03:45
in what later would become Yugoslavia.
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後來會成爲南斯拉夫。
03:48
He was ostracized as a child, not because he was a Jew --
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他自小就被排斥，而那不是因為他是猶太人...
03:51
his parents weren't very religious anyhow --
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不管怎麽說他的父母也不是虔誠的猶太教徒...
03:52
but because he had been born with two club feet,
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他被排斥是因爲他天生雙足畸形，
03:55
a condition which, in those days, required institutionalization
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在那個年代，像他這樣的小孩必須送進治療院，
04:00
and a succession of painful operations between the ages of one and 11.
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必須在1歲到11歲接受痛苦的治療。
04:04
He went to the commercial business high school as a young man
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他年輕時到布達佩斯上商業專科學校，
04:07
in Budapest, and there he was as smart as he was modest
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他是個聰明謙虛的學生，
04:12
and he enjoyed a considerable success. And after graduation
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在學校裏相當的成功，畢業以後，
04:15
when he went into textile engineering, the success continued.
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他進入紡織行業，同樣獲得了成功。
04:18
He built one plant after another.
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他蓋了一家又一家的工廠，
04:20
He married and had two sons. He had friends in high places who
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結了婚，生了兩個小孩。他有身居高位的朋友，
04:23
assured him that he was of great value to the economy.
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使他確信自己對經濟有很大的價值貢獻。
04:26
Once, as he had left instructions to have done,
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有一次，順著他的指示，
04:31
he was summoned in the middle of the night by the night watchman at one of his plants.
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他壹間工廠的夜間看守人在半夜把他召去。
04:34
The night watchman had caught an employee who was stealing socks --
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那個夜間看守人逮到了一個偷襪子的工人...
04:39
it was a hosiery mill, and he simply backed a truck up to the loading dock
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那是個針織廠，那個工人把卡車退到裝卸口
04:42
and was shoveling in mountains of socks.
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在那裏鏟起堆積成山的襪子。
04:43
Mr. Teszler went down to the plant and confronted the thief and said,
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Mr. Teszler 走下工場面對小偷說，
04:47
"But why do you steal from me? If you need money you have only to ask."
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為什麼妳要偷我的東西呢？如果妳需要錢的話
04:52
The night watchman, seeing how things were going and waxing indignant,
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晚上值班的保全，憤怒的看了整件事情得經過，
04:56
said, "Well, we're going to call the police, aren't we?"
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他說我們是否該叫警察來呢？
04:58
But Mr. Teszler answered, "No, that will not be necessary.
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但Mr. Teszler 說不了不需要。
05:01
He will not steal from us again."
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他不會偷我們的東西了。
05:03
Well, maybe he was too trusting, because he stayed where he was
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也許他太相信他人了，因為，德國納粹住進奧地利一段時間
05:08
long after the Nazi Anschluss in Austria
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還留在奧地利不走，
05:10
and even after the arrests and deportations began in Budapest.
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甚至有些Budapest的人民被拘留和流放。
05:15
He took the simple precaution of having cyanide capsules placed in lockets
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Mr. Teszler 早已準備好氫氧化物在身邊。
05:19
that could be worn about the necks of himself and his family.
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以被他合家人不實之需。
05:22
And then one day, it happened: he and his family were arrested
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然後，有一天事情真得發生了：他和他的家人被抓了，
05:26
and they were taken to a death house on the Danube.
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他們被帶到多瑙河旁的死亡之屋，
05:29
In those early days of the Final Solution, it was handcrafted brutality;
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幾天前這裡的情況是慘不人睹
05:33
people were beaten to death and their bodies tossed into the river.
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人們被打死後，師體直接被丟到河裡面--
05:37
But none who entered that death house had ever come out alive.
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而進入死亡之屋的人們幾乎沒有一格人存活。
05:41
And in a twist you would not believe in a Steven Spielberg film --
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而情況的轉折比電影還要戲劇化，
05:45
the Gauleiter who was overseeing this brutal beating was the very same thief
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監督這頓毒打的（納粹德國）長官，竟然就是
05:50
who had stolen socks from Mr. Teszler's hosiery mill.
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當初Teszler先生針織廠裏的的那個偷襪賊.
05:54
It was a brutal beating. And midway through that brutality,
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被慘忍得暴行酷刑， Mr. Teszler's 的一個兒子 Andrew看不下去，
05:59
one of Mr. Teszler's sons, Andrew, looked up and said,
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Andrew看著父親說，
06:02
"Is it time to take the capsule now, Papa?"
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走的時間到了喔，父親?
06:05
And the Gauleiter, who afterwards vanishes from this story,
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納粹黨就從這裡離開了，
06:09
leaned down and whispered into Mr. Teszler's ear,
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那賊已躺在那小聲的對 Mr. Teszler說
06:12
"No, do not take the capsule. Help is on the way."
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別走，救援馬上就到了，
06:15
And then resumed the beating.
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然後毒打繼續。
06:17
But help was on the way, and shortly afterwards
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救援正在趕來的路上
06:19
a car arrived from the Swiss Embassy.
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一台從瑞士的大使來了。
06:22
They were spirited to safety. They were reclassified as Yugoslav citizens
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他把他們帶到一個安全的地方。他們重新的規劃南斯拉夫，
06:26
and they managed to stay one step ahead of their pursuers
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在這戰真時期，他們比追兵提早一步管理這裡
06:29
for the duration of the War, surviving burnings and bombings
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的一些爆炸知後的生還者
06:33
and, at the end of the War, arrest by the Soviets.
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在戰爭結束時，Mr. Teszler被俄軍逮捕了。
06:35
Probably, Mr. Teszler had gotten some money into Swiss bank accounts
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因該是他在瑞士有大筆的存款
06:39
because he managed to take his family first to Great Britain,
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因為他和他的家人都逃到英國去了，
06:43
then to Long Island and then to the center of the textile industry in the American South.
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之後到長島，然後到美國南部紡織廠
06:47
Which, as chance would have it, was Spartanburg, South Carolina,
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非常巧合的是，他到的就是南卡羅那纳州的斯帕坦堡
06:51
the location of Wofford College.
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就是在 Wofford大學的所在處。
06:53
And there, Mr. Teszler began all over again and once again achieved immense success,
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在這裡，Mr. Teszler 他又重新開始，並且有獲得了成功，
06:59
especially after he invented the process
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特別的是他又發明了一項產品
07:01
for manufacturing a new fabric called double-knit.
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叫做雙針織品
07:04
And then in the late 1950s, in the aftermath of Brown v. Board of Education,
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在1950末，布朗教育委員會案的影響下，
07:11
when the Klan was resurgent all over the South,
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3K黨又在南邊復興了
07:14
Mr. Teszler said, "I have heard this talk before."
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Mr. Teszler說"我已經聽說了"
07:18
And he called his top assistant to him and asked,
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他問他的高級助理，
07:23
"Where would you say, in this region, racism is most virulent?"
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妳說哪裡是種族歧視最嚴重的地方？
07:26
"Well, I don't rightly know, Mr. Teszler. I reckon that would be Kings Mountain."
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恩...Mr.Teszler我不確定耶.有可能是Kings山
07:31
"Good. Buy us some land in Kings Mountain
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很好，到Kings山那買ㄧ些地，
07:35
and announce we are going to build a major plant there."
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然後宣布我們要在那蓋大房子。
07:37
The man did as he was told, and shortly afterwards,
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住裡把事情都除裡好，沒多久
07:40
Mr. Teszler received a visit from the white mayor of Kings Mountain.
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Mr. Teszler就接受Kings山的白人市長邀請。
07:44
Now, you should know that at that time,
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妳知道那個年代
07:47
the textile industry in the South was notoriously segregated.
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南部的紡織業種族歧視非常的嚴重
07:50
The white mayor visited Mr. Teszler and said,
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那白人市長對 Mr. Teszler 說，
07:54
"Mr. Teszler, I trust you’re going to be hiring a lot of white workers."
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我相信妳因該會雇用很多白種人當工人
07:57
Mr. Teszler told him, "You bring me the best workers that you can find,
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Mr. Teszler 跟他說，妳把這裡最好的工人給我找來
08:01
and if they are good enough, I will hire them."
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如果他們都很優秀，我會雇用他們，
08:03
He also received a visit from the leader of the black community,
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Mr. Teszler 也受到了黑人社區領導人的邀請，
08:08
a minister, who said, "Mr. Teszler, I sure hope you're going to
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有一個部長說Mr. Teszler我相信妳會
08:10
hire some black workers for this new plant of yours."
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去雇用ㄧ些黑人工作者。
08:12
He got the same answer: "You bring the best workers that you can find,
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他跟他說，把妳這最好的工人給帶來，
08:16
and if they are good enough, I will hire them."
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如果他們都很優秀的話，我會雇用他們。
08:19
As it happens, the black minister did his job better than the white mayor,
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事實上黑人部長比白人市長能幹，
08:22
but that's neither here or there.
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但他們勢均力敵。
08:23
Mr. Teszler hired 16 men: eight white, eight black.
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Mr.Teszler雇用了16個男人，8個白人，8個黑人。
08:27
They were to be his seed group, his future foremen.
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他們會成為以後的組長公司的核心。
08:30
He had installed the heavy equipment for his new process
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他們引進了大型機器在
08:33
in an abandoned store in the vicinity of Kings Mountain,
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在Kings山附近的廢棄工廠，
08:36
and for two months these 16 men would live and work together,
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接下來兩隔月我要這16個人一起工作一起生活，
08:39
mastering the new process.
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熟悉這心得工作
08:40
He gathered them together after an initial tour of that facility
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Mr.Teszler 把他們及合在一起
08:44
and he asked if there were any questions.
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問他們有沒有什麼疑問。
08:46
There was hemming and hawing and shuffling of feet,
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這些工人欲言又止
08:48
and then one of the white workers stepped forward and said,
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終於有ㄧ位站出來說白人說
08:53
"Well, yeah. We’ve looked at this place and there's only one place to sleep,
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恩..我們被關在這個地方--睡覺的地方只有一個，
08:56
there's only one place to eat, there's only one bathroom,
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吃東西的地方和廁所也只有一個，
08:59
there's only one water fountain. Is this plant going to be integrated or what?"
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也只有一個飲水的地方，這間工廠是要給我們隔離起來嗎？
09:05
Mr. Teszler said, "You are being paid twice the wages of any other textile workers in this region
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Mr. Teszler 說你們在這已經拿了別人兩倍的薪水了
09:10
and this is how we do business. Do you have any other questions?"
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我們就是這樣晚裡的，還有什麼問題呢？
09:14
"No, I reckon I don't."
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我覺得沒有了。
09:15
And two months later when the main plant opened
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兩個月過後，開始營業
09:19
and hundreds of new workers, white and black,
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有上百位的黑人白人的員工，
09:21
poured in to see the facility for the first time,
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蜂擁而至這家工廠來參觀，
09:23
they were met by the 16 foremen, white and black, standing shoulder to shoulder.
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他們看見有16位工頭，白人和黑人，並肩作戰。
09:29
They toured the facility and were asked if there were any questions, and
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他們參觀設施，然後提出了問題。
09:33
inevitably the same question arose:
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不可避免得是發生了，還是同樣的問題
09:34
"Is this plant integrated or what?"
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是為了把他們聚在一起，還是有其他原因？
09:36
And one of the white foremen stepped forward and said,
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有一個工頭向前一步說，
09:39
"You are being paid twice the wages of any other workers
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你們在這裡可以拿到普通工人的兩倍薪資
09:43
in this industry in this region and this is how we do business.
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我們就是這樣管理的。
09:47
Do you have any other questions?"
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你還有什麼問題嗎？
09:49
And there were none. In one fell swoop,
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沒有人有問題了，
09:53
Mr. Teszler had integrated the textile industry in that part of the South.
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Mr. Teszler 改善了當地紡織業特有的種族隔離制度。
09:57
It was an achievement worthy of Mahatma Gandhi,
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他達到的效益比甘地還要大，
10:00
conducted with the shrewdness of a lawyer and the idealism of a saint.
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兼具了律師的智慧和理想主義者。
10:04
In his eighties, Mr. Teszler, having retired from the textile industry,
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當Mr. Teszler80歲時他從紡織工業退休了，
10:10
adopted Wofford College,
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到Wofford大學去學習，
10:12
auditing courses every semester,
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每個學期都去旁聽，
10:14
and because he had a tendency to kiss anything that moved,
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他總是對人事非常輕切的，
10:18
becoming affectionately known as "Opi" -- which is Magyar for grandfather --
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非常受歡迎，大家稱他為Opi -匈牙利語是祖父的意思，
10:22
by all and sundry. Before I got there, the library of the college
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我到Wofford大學時，那裡的圖書館就是以Mr. Teszler命名的。
10:26
had been named for Mr. Teszler, and after I arrived in 1993,
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當1993年我在次回到Wofford大學
10:31
the faculty decided to honor itself by naming Mr. Teszler Professor of the College --
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全校教師決定稱 Mr. Teszler 教授。
10:36
partly because at that point he had already taken
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因為他已經拿完全部的課程，
10:39
all of the courses in the catalog, but mainly because
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但主要還是
10:42
he was so conspicuously wiser than any one of us.
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他非常的有智慧。
10:47
To me, it was immensely reassuring that the presiding spirit
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對我來說這是很大的鼓勵精神支柱
10:51
of this little Methodist college in upstate South Carolina
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對於南卡羅來纳州偏僻地區
10:55
was a Holocaust survivor from Central Europe.
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有一個歐洲大屠殺倖存下來的，
10:59
Wise he was, indeed, but he also had a wonderful sense of humor.
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他是ㄧ聰明的人，同時也是非常的幽默。
11:03
And once for an interdisciplinary class,
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有一次跨科學的課程，
11:06
I was screening the opening segment of Ingmar Bergman's "The Seventh Seal."
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正在播放 英格瑪·伯格曼“第七封印”片段
11:10
As the medieval knight Antonius Block returns from the wild goose chase
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骑士布洛克從十字軍東征回到故土
11:14
of the Crusades and arrives on the rocky shore of Sweden,
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到了瑞典的礁石岸，
11:17
only to find the specter of death waiting for him,
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直到他遇到死亡者靈魂
11:20
Mr. Teszler sat in the dark with his fellow students. And
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Mr. Teszler合他得同學坐在暗處。
11:24
as death opened his cloak to embrace the knight
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當死亡的斗篷包圍騎士時，
11:28
in a ghastly embrace, I heard Mr. Teszler's tremulous voice:
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當黑暗壟罩時，我聽見Mr. Teszler's顫抖的聲音：
11:32
"Uh oh," he said, "This doesn't look so good." (Laughter)
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喔，喔，他說情況不妙了。
11:36
But it was music that was his greatest passion, especially opera.
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Mr. Teszler's 最喜歡音樂了，尤其是歌劇，
11:43
And on the first occasion that I visited his house, he gave me
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當我第一次到Mr. Teszler家時，
11:46
honor of deciding what piece of music we would listen to.
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他就請我選我想聽的音樂，
11:50
And I delighted him by rejecting "Cavalleria Rusticana"
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我沒有選 "Cavalerria Rusticana"
11:54
in favor of Bela Bartok's "Bluebeard's Castle."
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而選了Bela Bartok 的 "Bluebeard's Castle."
11:57
I love Bartok's music, as did Mr. Teszler,
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我和 Mr. Teszler都喜愛 Bartok音樂
12:00
and he had virtually every recording of Bartok's music ever issued.
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他幾乎收集完所有Bartok的音樂
12:04
And it was at his house that I heard for the first time
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就是在他家我第一次聽到
12:06
Bartok's Third Piano Concerto and learned from
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Bartok的第三鋼琴協奏曲
12:09
Mr. Teszler that it had been composed in nearby Asheville, North Carolina
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Mr. Teszler知道他在南卡羅萊納寫譜的，
12:14
in the last year of the composer's life.
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當他在人生的最後
12:16
He was dying of leukemia and he knew it,
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他知道他換了白血病而且時間不多了，
12:19
and he dedicated this concerto to his wife,
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他譜了這首曲子給了他的太太Dita，
12:22
Dita, who was herself a concert pianist.
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他太太是鋼琴演奏家。
12:25
And into the slow, second movement, marked "adagio religioso,"
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在緩慢的第二章 "adagio religioso," 中
12:29
he incorporated the sounds of birdsong that he heard
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他把小鳥叫融入了音樂中，
12:33
outside his window in what he knew would be his last spring;
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那時他知道哪將會是他最後一個春天。
12:36
he was imagining a future for her in which he would play no part.
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他想像以後妻子沒有他的未來，
12:42
And clearly this composition is his final statement to her --
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這首曲子將會是最後跟妻子的告白，
12:48
it was first performed after his death --
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這將會在他死後才會演奏出來，
12:50
and through her to the world.
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通過她的妻子傳到世界去。
12:52
And just as clearly, it is saying, "It's okay. It was all so beautiful.
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這好像是說，事情沒有這麼糟，世界依然美好。
12:59
Whenever you hear this, I will be there."
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當你聽到著首歌，我依然在你身邊。
13:03
It was only after Mr. Teszler's death that I learned
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Mr. Teszler先生死後我才得知。
13:08
that the marker on the grave of Bela Bartok in Hartsdale, New York
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Bela Bartok 在New York 的Hartsdale正的墓碑
13:12
was paid for by Sandor Teszler. "Yo napot, Bela!"
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是Teszler捐住的"Yo napot, Bela!"
13:17
Not long before Mr. Teszler’s own death at the age of 97,
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不久之後Mr. Teszler’s 97歲過世，
13:22
he heard me hold forth on human iniquity.
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他聽我說人性是本是邪惡的，
13:26
I delivered a lecture in which I described history
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在一次的演講我把歷史描述的
13:28
as, on the whole, a tidal wave of human suffering and brutality,
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人類是製造痛苦的和暴力的，
13:32
and Mr. Teszler came up to me afterwards with gentle reproach and said,
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Mr. Teszler走到我面前溫柔又帶指責的跟我說，
13:37
"You know, Doctor, human beings are fundamentally good."
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你知道嗎，博士，人類本性是善良的。
13:43
And I made a vow to myself, then and there,
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我對自己發誓
13:47
that if this man who had such cause to think otherwise
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如果這個人有什麼想法
13:51
had reached that conclusion,
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我會支持他的言論，
13:53
I would not presume to differ until he released me from my vow.
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除非他有錯，不然我不會違背誓言。
13:57
And now he's dead, so I'm stuck with my vow.
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他已經過世了，但我還是堅持諾言。
14:01
"Yo napot, Sandor!"
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"Yo napot, Sandor!"
14:03
I thought my skein of Hungarian mentors had come to an end,
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我以為我跟匈牙利人得緣份就到這裡了，
14:07
but almost immediately I met Francis Robicsek, a Hungarian doctor --
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我馬上就認識了匈牙利的醫生Francis Robicsek
14:14
actually a heart surgeon in Charlotte, North Carolina, then in his late seventies --
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他是ㄧ名心臟外科醫生，他年紀已經近80了
14:18
who had been a pioneer in open-heart surgery,
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他是心臟外科手術的先鋒，
14:20
and, tinkering away in his garage behind his house,
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我見到他時他正在他家後面的倉庫修理車，
14:24
had invented many of the devices that are standard parts of those procedures.
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他發明了許多裝置驅動的東西。
14:29
He's also a prodigious art collector, beginning as an intern in Budapest
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她那時還是一個實習生，
14:34
by collecting 16th- and 17th-century Dutch art and Hungarian painting,
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他收了16到17世紀的荷蘭藝術品和匈牙利的油畫，
14:38
and when he came to this country moving on to Spanish colonial art,
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他還到美國收集西班牙殖民時的藝術品，
14:43
Russian icons and finally Mayan ceramics.
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俄國的硬幣，瑪雅的陶瓷。
14:46
He's the author of seven books, six of them on Mayan ceramics.
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他一共有7本書6本跟瑪雅陶瓷文化有關的，
14:49
It was he who broke the Mayan codex, enabling scholars to relate
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他打破了瑪雅人的法規，讓學者能夠
14:53
the pictographs on Mayan ceramics to the hieroglyphs of the Mayan script.
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將雅瑪陶瓷上的象形文及雅瑪人的手寫文關係在一起
14:57
On the occasion of my first visit, we toured his house
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當我第一次拜訪他家時
15:00
and we saw hundreds of works of museum quality,
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他帶我參觀上百件博物館等級的收藏品，
15:03
and then we paused in front of a closed door and Dr. Robicsek said,
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我們在參觀時他突然停在一扇門前驕傲的說
15:08
with obvious pride, "Now for the piece de resistance."
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讓我們來無價之寶。
15:11
And he opened the door and we walked into a
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我們打開門，走了近去
15:14
windowless 20-by-20-foot room with shelves from floor to ceiling, and
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看見了沒有窗戶20*20英呎的房間櫃子從地面上到天花板，
15:20
crammed on every shelf his collection of Mayan ceramics.
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櫃子裡集滿了瑪雅文化的陶瓷品。
15:22
Now, I know absolutely nothing about Mayan ceramics,
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當然我對瑪雅文化陶瓷一無所知，
15:24
but I wanted to be as ingratiating as possible so I said,
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我跟博士說我很樂意去了解，
15:27
"But Dr. Robicsek, this is absolutely dazzling."
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博士這真得太壯觀了，
15:31
"Yes," he said. "That is what the Louvre said.
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沒錯，聯羅浮宮的專家也這麼說。
15:34
They would not leave me alone until I let them have a piece,
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他們一直纏著我直到我送他們一件物品，
15:38
but it was not a good one." (Laughter)
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但那不是一件好的陶瓷品
15:40
Well, it occurred to me that I should invite Dr. Robicsek
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我想我因該邀請Dr. Robicsek到
15:44
to lecture at Wofford College on -- what else?
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Wofford大學去做一個演講，有關...？
15:47
-- Leonardo da Vinci. And further, I should invite him to meet
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我因該把達芬奇介紹給你，
15:51
my oldest trustee, who had majored in French history at Yale
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他是我的老朋友，他在耶魯主修法國歷史
15:55
some 70-odd years before and, at 89, still ruled the world's
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70年到89年還是紡織廠
16:00
largest privately owned textile empire with an iron hand.
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的巨頭。
16:05
His name is Roger Milliken. And Mr. Milliken agreed,
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他的名子是 Roger Milliken和Milliken先生，
16:09
and Dr. Robicsek agreed. And Dr. Robicsek visited
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Dr. Robicsek同意見面了，
16:12
and delivered the lecture and it was a dazzling success.
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也同意了演講，那是一場精彩很成功的演講。
16:15
And afterwards we convened at the President's House with Dr. Robicsek
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之後我們在校長室見面
16:19
on one hand, Mr. Milliken on the other.
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和Mr. Milliken和Dr. Robicsek
16:20
And it was only at that moment, as we were sitting down to dinner,
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我們一起坐下來吃飯時，
16:24
that I recognized the enormity of the risk I had created,
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我才突然發現這是多麼有風險的事情
16:26
because to bring these two titans, these two masters of the universe
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因為我把世界兩大巨頭邀請一起吃飯，
16:30
together -- it was like introducing Mothra to Godzilla over the skyline of Tokyo.
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舉例來說把Mothra 和 Godzilla 帶到東京來。
16:35
If they didn't like each other, we could all get trampled to death.
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如果他們互相不喜歡，我就無疑了，
16:38
But they did, they did like each other.
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但他們沒有，他們互相喜歡
16:40
They got along famously until the very end of the meal,
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他們一直相處得很好，直到用餐即將結束，
16:43
and then they got into a furious argument.
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他們爭論了起來，
16:45
And what they were arguing about was this:
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他們爭論的事情是：
16:47
whether the second Harry Potter movie was as good as the first. (Laughter)
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第二集的哈利波特沒有比第一集的好看，
16:52
Mr. Milliken said it was not. Dr. Robicsek disagreed.
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Mr. Milliken這樣覺得，但Mr. Milliken不覺得。
16:57
I was still trying to take in the notion that these titans,
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我納悶得想，
17:01
these masters of the universe, in their spare time watch Harry Potter movies,
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難道這兩位巨頭空閒時都在看哈利波特？
17:04
when Mr. Milliken thought he would win the argument by saying,
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Mr. Milliken 的說詞站了上風
17:08
"You just think it's so good because you didn't read the book."
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但你覺的第二部不錯是因為你沒有看過原作。
17:11
And Dr. Robicsek reeled back in his chair, but quickly gathered his wits,
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Dr. Robicsek暈眩所以回到他的做位，但他很快的恢復他的智慧，
17:15
leaned forward and said, "Well, that is true, but I'll bet you went
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他斜斜的向前傾說，我的確沒有看過，但我敢跟你打賭
17:18
to the movie with a grandchild." "Well, yes, I did," conceded Mr. Milliken.
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你因該是跟你的孫子一起去看的，Mr. Milliken承認說他是跟孫子一起看的。
17:23
"Aha!" said Dr. Robicsek. "I went to the movie all by myself." (Laughter) (Applause)
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哈! Dr. Robicsek說我都是一個人去看的。
17:28
And I realized, in this moment of revelation,
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我突然我意識到這個啟示，
17:33
that what these two men were revealing was the secret
291
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他們互相的接漏秘密
17:37
of their extraordinary success, each in his own right.
292
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是使得成就的方法。
17:40
And it lay precisely in that insatiable curiosity,
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以永不滿足的好奇心
17:44
that irrepressible desire to know, no matter what the subject,
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無論如何，任何事務，
17:48
no matter what the cost,
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不論付出多少，
17:50
even at a time when the keepers of the Doomsday Clock
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就算是世界末世的管理者
17:53
are willing to bet even money that the human race won't be around
297
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也願意力一搏，但人們無法左右
17:56
to imagine anything in the year 2100, a scant 93 years from now.
298
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也無法想像2100的樣子。
18:01
"Live each day as if it is your last," said Mahatma Gandhi.
299
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甘地說活在當下把每一天都當作最後一天
18:05
"Learn as if you'll live forever."
300
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學習你將會有永遠的活著
18:07
This is what I'm passionate about. It is precisely this.
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這就是我得熱情所在。
18:12
It is this inextinguishable, undaunted appetite for learning and experience,
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一種知識不畏畏懼學習和經驗，
18:21
no matter how risible, no matter how esoteric,
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不管多滑稽，不管多難理解，
18:23
no matter how seditious it might seem.
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不管看起來有多煽動性
18:26
This defines the imagined futures of our fellow Hungarians --
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這決定了匈牙利想像中的未來，
18:32
Robicsek, Teszler and Bartok -- as it does my own.
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Robicsek 和 Teszler 和 Bartok 和我都是這樣的。
18:37
As it does, I suspect, that of everybody here.
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我想在做的各位因該也是這樣。
18:41
To which I need only add, "Ez a mi munkank; es nem is keves."
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我想說"Ez a mi munkank; es nem is keves."
18:47
This is our task; we know it will be hard.
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我們都知道這個任務很難達成。
18:52
"Ez a mi munkank; es nem is keves. Yo napot, pacak!" (Applause)
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"Ez a mi munkank; es nem is keves." Yo napot, pacak!
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Bernie Dunlap - College presidentBernie Dunlap is a true polymath, whose talents span poetry, opera, ballet, literature and administration. He is the president of South Carolina’s Wofford College.
Why you should listen
Bernie Dunlap was a dancer for four years with the Columbia City Ballet, kicking off a life of artistic and cultural exploration. A Rhodes Scholar, he did his PhD in English literature at Harvard, and is now the president of Wofford College, a small liberal arts school in South Carolina. He has taught classes on a wide variety of subjects, from Asian history to creative writing.
He's also a writer-producer for television, and his 19-part series The Renaissance has been adopted for use by more than 100 colleges. He has been a Senior Fulbright Lecturer in Thailand and a moderator at the Aspen Institute.
Bernie Dunlap | Speaker | TED.com