TED2007
Bernie Dunlap: The life-long learner
Ben Dunlap govori o strastvenom životu
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Predsjednik fakulteta Wofford, Ben Dunlap priča priču o Sandoru Teszleru, Mađaru koji je preživio holokaust i koji ga je naučio o strastvenom življenju i cjeloživotnom učenju.
Bernie Dunlap - College president
Bernie Dunlap is a true polymath, whose talents span poetry, opera, ballet, literature and administration. He is the president of South Carolina’s Wofford College. Full bio
Bernie Dunlap is a true polymath, whose talents span poetry, opera, ballet, literature and administration. He is the president of South Carolina’s Wofford College. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:18
"Yo napot, pacak!" Which, as somebody here must surely know,
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„Yo napot, pacak!“ Što, vjerojatno netko od vas ovdje zna,
00:24
means "What's up, guys?" in Magyar,
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znači „Što ima, ljudi?“ na mađarskom,
00:27
that peculiar non-Indo-European language spoken by Hungarians
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tom jedinstvenom ne-indoeuropskom jeziku koji govore Mađari
00:30
for which, given the fact that cognitive diversity is
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i za koji, s obzirom na činjenicu da je spoznajna raznovrsnost
00:33
at least as threatened as biodiversity on this planet,
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najmanje ugrožena kao biološka raznolikost na ovom planetu,
00:36
few would have imagined much of a future even a century or two ago.
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bi rijetki mogli zamisliti bilo kakvu budućnost prije stoljeće ili dva.
00:40
But there it is: "Yo napot, pacak!"
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Ali eto ga: „Yo napot, pacak!“
00:42
I said somebody here must surely know, because
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Rekao sam da netko ovdje zasigurno zna
00:46
despite the fact that there aren't that many Hungarians to begin with,
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unatoč činjenici da nema toliko mnogo Mađara ovdje,
00:49
and the further fact that, so far as I know, there's not a drop
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a sljedeća činjenica je da s obzirom na to koliko znam do sada, nema ni kapi
00:52
of Hungarian blood in my veins, at every critical juncture of my life
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mađarske krvi u mojim venama, u svakom je kritičnom trenutku moga života
00:56
there has been a Hungarian friend or mentor there beside me.
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pokraj mene bio prijatelj ili mentor mađarske nacionalnosti.
01:00
I even have dreams that take place in landscapes
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Čak imam i snove koji su smješteni na mjestima
01:02
I recognize as the landscapes of Hungarian films,
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koja prepoznajem kao mjesta iz mađarskih filmova,
01:06
especially the early movies of Miklos Jancso.
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posebno ranih filmova Miklosa Jancsoa.
01:09
So, how do I explain this mysterious affinity?
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Dakle, kako objašnjavam ovu misterioznu sklonost?
01:13
Maybe it's because my native state of South Carolina,
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Možda je to zbog moje rodne države Južne Karoline
01:18
which is not much smaller than present-day Hungary,
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koja nije mnogo manja od trenutne Mađarske,
01:21
once imagined a future for itself as an independent country.
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a nekad je zamišljala da će u budućnosti biti zasebna i neovisna država.
01:24
And as a consequence of that presumption,
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I kao posljedica te pretpostavke
01:26
my hometown was burned to the ground by an invading army,
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moj je rodni grad spaljen do temelja od vojske
01:30
an experience that has befallen many a Hungarian town and village
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koja je nasilno ušla u njega, iskustvo koje je zadesilo mnoge mađarske gradove i sela
01:34
throughout its long and troubled history.
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u njihovoj dugoj i problematičnoj povijesti.
01:37
Or maybe it's because when I was a teenager back in the '50s,
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Ili je to možda zato što, dok sam bio adolescent, tamo negdje 50-ih godina,
01:40
my uncle Henry -- having denounced the Ku Klux Klan
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moj je ujak Henry istupio iz Ku Klux Klana
01:43
and been bombed for his trouble and had crosses burned in his yard,
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i nakon toga bio bombardiran zbog svog problema i paljeni su mu križevi u dvorištu –
01:47
living under death threat -- took his wife and children to Massachusetts for safety
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živeći pod prijetnjama smrću odveo je ženu i djecu u Massachusetts zbog sigurnosti
01:51
and went back to South Carolina to face down the Klan alone.
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te se vratio natrag u Južnu Karolinu da bi se suočio s Klanom nasamo.
01:54
That was a very Hungarian thing to do,
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To je bila stvar koju bi vrlo vjerojatno Mađari napravili,
01:57
as anyone will attest who remembers 1956.
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kao što će bilo tko potvrditi tko se sjeća 1956. godine.
02:01
And of course, from time to time Hungarians
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I naravno, s vremena na vrijeme Mađari su
02:04
have invented their own equivalent of the Klan.
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imali vlastiti ekvivalent Klanu.
02:06
Well, it seems to me that this Hungarian presence in my life
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Pa, čini mi se da je ovu mađarsku prisutnost u mom životu
02:13
is difficult to account for, but ultimately I ascribe it to an admiration
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teško objasniti, ali naposljetku pripisujem je divljenju
02:19
for people with a complex moral awareness,
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ljudima sa složenom moralnom svijesti –
02:22
with a heritage of guilt and defeat matched by defiance and bravado.
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s nasljeđem krivnje i poraza u paru s prkosom i razmetanjem hrabrošću.
02:27
It's not a typical mindset for most Americans,
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To nije tipično razmišljanje za većinu Amerikanaca.
02:30
but it is perforce typical of virtually all Hungarians.
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Ali je silom okolnosti tipično za gotovo sve Mađare.
02:34
So, "Yo napot, pacak!"
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Dakle, „Yo napot, pacak!“
02:36
I went back to South Carolina after some 15 years amid the alien corn
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Otišao sam natrag u Južnu Karolinu nakon nekih 15 godina među strancima,
02:41
at the tail end of the 1960s,
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na samom kraju 60-ih
02:44
with the reckless condescension of that era
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s nemarnim prijezirom te ere,
02:47
thinking I would save my people.
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misleći kako mogu spasiti svoje ljude.
02:49
Never mind the fact that they were slow to acknowledge they needed saving.
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Bez obzira na činjenicu da su bili veoma spori u priznavanju da im treba spas.
02:53
I labored in that vineyard for a quarter century before
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Radio sam u tom vinogradu četvrt stoljeća prije
02:56
making my way to a little kingdom of the just in upstate South Carolina,
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no što sam otputovao u malo kraljevstvo pravednosti na sjeveru Južne Karoline,
03:00
a Methodist-affiliated institution of higher learning called Wofford College.
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metodistički orijentiranu ustanovu višeg školovanja zvanu fakultet Wofford.
03:04
I knew nothing about Wofford
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Ništa nisam znao o Woffordu
03:06
and even less about Methodism,
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i još manje o metodizmu,
03:08
but I was reassured on the first day that I taught at Wofford College
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ali ohrabrio sam se prvog dana kada sam došao predavati na fakultet Wofford
03:12
to find, among the auditors in my classroom,
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kada sam među slušateljima u svojoj predavaonici
03:14
a 90-year-old Hungarian, surrounded by a bevy of middle-aged European women
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našao devedesetogodišnjeg Mađara okruženog „jatom“ Europljanki srednjih godina
03:21
who seemed to function as an entourage of Rhinemaidens.
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za koje se činilo da funkcioniraju kao pratnja Rininih kćeri.
03:23
His name was Sandor Teszler.
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Njegovo ime bilo je Sandor Teszler.
03:26
He was a puckish widower whose wife and children were dead
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Bio je nestašni udovac čiji su žena i djeca umrli,
03:30
and whose grandchildren lived far away.
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a unučad je živjela veoma daleko.
03:33
In appearance, he resembled Mahatma Gandhi,
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Na prvi pogled sličio je Mahatmi Gandhiju –
03:36
minus the loincloth, plus orthopedic boots.
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bez tkanine oko kukova, ali s ortopedskim čizmama.
03:39
He had been born in 1903 in the provinces
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Rođen je 1903.
03:43
of the old Austro-Hungarian Empire,
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u staroj Austro-Ugarskoj provinciji
03:45
in what later would become Yugoslavia.
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koja je kasnije postala Jugoslavija.
03:48
He was ostracized as a child, not because he was a Jew --
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Prognan je kao dijete, ne zato što je bio Židov –
03:51
his parents weren't very religious anyhow --
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njegovi roditelji ionako nisu bili pretjerano religiozni –
03:52
but because he had been born with two club feet,
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nego zato što je rođen s dva kriva stopala,
03:55
a condition which, in those days, required institutionalization
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a to je stanje koje je u to doba zahtjevalo institucionalizaciju
04:00
and a succession of painful operations between the ages of one and 11.
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i niz bolnih operacija između prve i jedanaeste godine života.
04:04
He went to the commercial business high school as a young man
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Kao mladić išao je u komercijalnu poslovnu srednju školu
04:07
in Budapest, and there he was as smart as he was modest
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u Budimpešti. I tamo je bio pametan i skroman
04:12
and he enjoyed a considerable success. And after graduation
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te je uživao znatan uspjeh.
04:15
when he went into textile engineering, the success continued.
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Nakon što je maturirao, kada je upisao tekstilno inženjerstvo, uspjeh se nastavio.
04:18
He built one plant after another.
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Gradio je tvornice jednu za drugom.
04:20
He married and had two sons. He had friends in high places who
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Oženio se i dobio dva sina. Imao je prijatelje na visokim pozicijama
04:23
assured him that he was of great value to the economy.
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koji su ga uvjeravali da je jako važan za ekonomiju.
04:26
Once, as he had left instructions to have done,
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Jednom, nakon što je naredio što se sve treba napraviti,
04:31
he was summoned in the middle of the night by the night watchman at one of his plants.
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noćni ga je čuvar pozvao usred noći u jednu od njegovih tvornica.
04:34
The night watchman had caught an employee who was stealing socks --
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Čuvar je uhvatio zaposlenika koji je krao čarape –
04:39
it was a hosiery mill, and he simply backed a truck up to the loading dock
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to je bila tvornica čarapa i on je jednostavno parkirao kamion na pristanište za utovar
04:42
and was shoveling in mountains of socks.
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i zgrtao je hrpetine čarapa.
04:43
Mr. Teszler went down to the plant and confronted the thief and said,
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Gospodin Teszler otišao je do tvornice i suočio se s lopovom i rekao:
04:47
"But why do you steal from me? If you need money you have only to ask."
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„Ali zašto kradeš od mene? Ako trebaš novac, samo trebaš zamoliti.“
04:52
The night watchman, seeing how things were going and waxing indignant,
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Noćni čuvar je, vidjevši kako se stvari odvijaju, ogorčeno
04:56
said, "Well, we're going to call the police, aren't we?"
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rekao: „Pa, morat ćemo zvati policiju, zar ne?“
04:58
But Mr. Teszler answered, "No, that will not be necessary.
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Ali gospodin Teszler je odgovorio: „Ne, to neće biti potrebno.
05:01
He will not steal from us again."
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Neće ponovo ukrasti od nas.“
05:03
Well, maybe he was too trusting, because he stayed where he was
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Pa, možda je bio previše povjerljiv zato što je ostao tamo gdje je bio
05:08
long after the Nazi Anschluss in Austria
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dugo nakon nacističkog pripajanja Austrije
05:10
and even after the arrests and deportations began in Budapest.
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i čak nakon što su počela uhićenja i protjerivanja u Budimpešti.
05:15
He took the simple precaution of having cyanide capsules placed in lockets
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Kao jednostavnu predostrožnost uzeo je kapsule cijanida smještene u medaljone
05:19
that could be worn about the necks of himself and his family.
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koje su nosili svi članovi njegove obitelji uključujući i njega.
05:22
And then one day, it happened: he and his family were arrested
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I onda se jednog dana dogodilo: on i njegova obitelj uhićeni su
05:26
and they were taken to a death house on the Danube.
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i odvedeni su u kuću smrti na Dunavu.
05:29
In those early days of the Final Solution, it was handcrafted brutality;
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U tim ranim danima Konačnog Rješenja stvari su se rješavale brutalno –
05:33
people were beaten to death and their bodies tossed into the river.
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ljude su tukli do smrti i njihova tijela su bacana u rijeku –
05:37
But none who entered that death house had ever come out alive.
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ali nitko od onih koji su ušli u kuću smrti nije izašao van živ.
05:41
And in a twist you would not believe in a Steven Spielberg film --
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I u raspletu, u koji ne biste povjerovali ni u Spielbergovom filmu,
05:45
the Gauleiter who was overseeing this brutal beating was the very same thief
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dogodilo se da je Gauleiter koji je nadgledao ovo brutalno mlaćenje bio baš onaj pljačkaš
05:50
who had stolen socks from Mr. Teszler's hosiery mill.
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koji je krao čarape iz tvornice gospodina Teszlera.
05:54
It was a brutal beating. And midway through that brutality,
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Bilo je to brutalno premlaćivanje. I usred te brutalnosti
05:59
one of Mr. Teszler's sons, Andrew, looked up and said,
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jedan od sinova gospodina Teszlera, Andrew, pogledao je prema gore i rekao:
06:02
"Is it time to take the capsule now, Papa?"
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„Je li je sada vrijeme da uzmemo kapsulu, tata?“
06:05
And the Gauleiter, who afterwards vanishes from this story,
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I Gauleiter koji kasnije nestaje iz ove priče
06:09
leaned down and whispered into Mr. Teszler's ear,
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nagnuo se i šapnuo na uho gospodinu Teszlera:
06:12
"No, do not take the capsule. Help is on the way."
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„Ne, nemojte uzeti kapsulu. Stiže pomoć.“
06:15
And then resumed the beating.
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I onda je nastavio tući.
06:17
But help was on the way, and shortly afterwards
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A pomoć je bila na putu i ubrzo nakon toga
06:19
a car arrived from the Swiss Embassy.
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stigao je auto iz švicarske ambasade.
06:22
They were spirited to safety. They were reclassified as Yugoslav citizens
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Odvedeni su na sigurno. Reklasificirani su kao jugoslavenski državljani
06:26
and they managed to stay one step ahead of their pursuers
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i uspjeli su ostati korak ispred svojih progonitelja
06:29
for the duration of the War, surviving burnings and bombings
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svo vrijeme trajanja rata preživljavajući paleže i bombardiranja
06:33
and, at the end of the War, arrest by the Soviets.
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i na kraju rata Sovjeti su ih uhitili.
06:35
Probably, Mr. Teszler had gotten some money into Swiss bank accounts
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Gospodin Teszler je vjerojatno imao nešto novaca na računima švicarske banke
06:39
because he managed to take his family first to Great Britain,
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jer je uspio odvesti svoju obitelj u Veliku Britaniju
06:43
then to Long Island and then to the center of the textile industry in the American South.
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zatim na Long Island i onda u središte tekstilne industrije na američkom jugu.
06:47
Which, as chance would have it, was Spartanburg, South Carolina,
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To središte sasvim je slučajno bio grad Spartanburg u Južnoj Karolini,
06:51
the location of Wofford College.
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mjesto fakulteta Wofford.
06:53
And there, Mr. Teszler began all over again and once again achieved immense success,
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I tamo je gospodin Teszler počeo ispočetka i opet je doživio ogroman uspjeh,
06:59
especially after he invented the process
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pogotovo nakon što je stvorio postupak
07:01
for manufacturing a new fabric called double-knit.
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za proizvodnju nove tkanine nazvane duplo pletenje.
07:04
And then in the late 1950s, in the aftermath of Brown v. Board of Education,
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I onda u kasnim pedesetima nakon posljedica tužbe Brown protiv Odbora za obrazovanje,
07:11
when the Klan was resurgent all over the South,
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kada je Klan ponovo oživio posvuda po Jugu,
07:14
Mr. Teszler said, "I have heard this talk before."
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gospodin Teszler je rekao: „Čuo sam već prije ovaj govor.“
07:18
And he called his top assistant to him and asked,
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I pozvao je svog najboljeg asistenta i pitao ga:
07:23
"Where would you say, in this region, racism is most virulent?"
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„Što bi ti rekao, gdje je u ovoj regiji rasizam najrasprostanjeniji?“
07:26
"Well, I don't rightly know, Mr. Teszler. I reckon that would be Kings Mountain."
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„Pa ne bih točno znao, gospodine Teszler. Mislim da je u Kings Mountainu.“
07:31
"Good. Buy us some land in Kings Mountain
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„Dobro. Kupi nam neku zemlju u Kings Mountainu
07:35
and announce we are going to build a major plant there."
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i objavi da ćemo tamo graditi veliku tvornicu.“
07:37
The man did as he was told, and shortly afterwards,
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Čovjek je učinio kako mu je rečeno i ubrzo
07:40
Mr. Teszler received a visit from the white mayor of Kings Mountain.
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nakon toga gospodina Teszlera je posjetio gradonačelnik Kings Mountaina, bijelac.
07:44
Now, you should know that at that time,
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Moram vam reći da je u to vrijeme
07:47
the textile industry in the South was notoriously segregated.
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tekstilna industrija na Jugu bila zloglasno izdvojena.
07:50
The white mayor visited Mr. Teszler and said,
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Gradonačelnik bijelac je posjetio gospodina Teszlera i rekao mu:
07:54
"Mr. Teszler, I trust you’re going to be hiring a lot of white workers."
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„Gospodine Teszler, vjerujem da ćete zapošljavati mnogo bijelih radnika.“
07:57
Mr. Teszler told him, "You bring me the best workers that you can find,
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Gospodin Teszler mu je odgovorio: „Dovedite mi najbolje radnike koje možete pronaći
08:01
and if they are good enough, I will hire them."
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i ako su dovoljno dobri, zaposlit ću ih.“
08:03
He also received a visit from the leader of the black community,
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Također ga je posjetio i vođa crnačke zajednice,
08:08
a minister, who said, "Mr. Teszler, I sure hope you're going to
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svećenik, koji je rekao: „Gospodine Teszler, nadam se da ćete
08:10
hire some black workers for this new plant of yours."
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zaposliti nešto crnih radnika u toj svojoj novoj tvornici.“
08:12
He got the same answer: "You bring the best workers that you can find,
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Dobio je isti odgovor: „Dovedite mi najbolje radnike koje možete pronaći
08:16
and if they are good enough, I will hire them."
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i ako su dovoljno dobri, zaposlit ću ih.“
08:19
As it happens, the black minister did his job better than the white mayor,
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S obzirom na to kako se dogodilo, crni je svećenik napravio bolji posao od bijeloga gradonačelnika,
08:22
but that's neither here or there.
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ali nije bilo ni na jednu stranu niti na drugu.
08:23
Mr. Teszler hired 16 men: eight white, eight black.
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Gospodin Teszler zaposlio je 16-ero ljudi, osam bijelaca, osam crnaca.
08:27
They were to be his seed group, his future foremen.
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Oni su bili njegova matična grupa, njegovi budući nadzornici.
08:30
He had installed the heavy equipment for his new process
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Postavio je tešku opremu za svoj novi program
08:33
in an abandoned store in the vicinity of Kings Mountain,
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u napuštenom skladištu u blizini Kings Mountaina
08:36
and for two months these 16 men would live and work together,
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i dva mjeseca je ovih šesnaestero ljudi živjelo i radilo zajedno,
08:39
mastering the new process.
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savladavajući novi program.
08:40
He gathered them together after an initial tour of that facility
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Okupio ih je zajedno nakon početnog obilaska postrojenja
08:44
and he asked if there were any questions.
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i pitao ih imaju li kakvih pitanja.
08:46
There was hemming and hawing and shuffling of feet,
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Bilo je kašljucanja, meškoljenja i lupkanja nogama
08:48
and then one of the white workers stepped forward and said,
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i onda je jedan od bijelih radnika prišao naprijed i rekao:
08:53
"Well, yeah. We’ve looked at this place and there's only one place to sleep,
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„Pa, da. Pogledali smo ovo mjesto – i tu je samo jedna prostorija za spavanje,
08:56
there's only one place to eat, there's only one bathroom,
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jedna prostorija za jelo, jedna kupaonica, jedno vodocrpilište.
08:59
there's only one water fountain. Is this plant going to be integrated or what?"
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Hoće li ova tvornica biti integrirana ili što?“
09:05
Mr. Teszler said, "You are being paid twice the wages of any other textile workers in this region
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Gospodin Teszler je rekao: „Plaćeni ste duplo više nego bilo koji tekstilni radnik u regiji,
09:10
and this is how we do business. Do you have any other questions?"
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a mi ovdje ovako radimo. Imate li drugih pitanja?“
09:14
"No, I reckon I don't."
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„Ne, mislim da nemam.“
09:15
And two months later when the main plant opened
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I dva mjeseca kasnije kada se glavna tvornica otvorila
09:19
and hundreds of new workers, white and black,
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i kada se stotine novih radnika, crnih i bijelih,
09:21
poured in to see the facility for the first time,
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sručilo da vide postrojenje po prvi puta,
09:23
they were met by the 16 foremen, white and black, standing shoulder to shoulder.
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susreli su se sa šesnaestero nadzornika, crnih i bijelih, kako stoje jedan do drugoga.
09:29
They toured the facility and were asked if there were any questions, and
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Obišli su postrojenje i upitani su imaju li ikakvih pitanja. I
09:33
inevitably the same question arose:
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neizbježno, pojavilo se isto pitanje:
09:34
"Is this plant integrated or what?"
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„Hoće li ovo postrojenje biti integrirano ili što?“
09:36
And one of the white foremen stepped forward and said,
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Jedan od bijelih nadzornika je prišao naprijed i rekao:
09:39
"You are being paid twice the wages of any other workers
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„Plaćeni ste duplo više nego ijedan drugi radnik
09:43
in this industry in this region and this is how we do business.
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u ovakvoj industriji na ovom području i tako ćemo raditi.
09:47
Do you have any other questions?"
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Imate li kakvih drugih pitanja?“
09:49
And there were none. In one fell swoop,
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I nije ih bilo. U jednom naletu,
09:53
Mr. Teszler had integrated the textile industry in that part of the South.
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gospodin Teszler je ujedinio tekstilnu industriju u tom dijelu Juga.
09:57
It was an achievement worthy of Mahatma Gandhi,
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To je bilo dostignuće dostojno Mahatme Gandhija,
10:00
conducted with the shrewdness of a lawyer and the idealism of a saint.
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provedeno s lukavošću odvjetnika i idealizmom sveca.
10:04
In his eighties, Mr. Teszler, having retired from the textile industry,
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U svojim osamdesetima gospodin je Teszler, nakon što je otišao u mirovinu iz tekstilne industrije,
10:10
adopted Wofford College,
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upisao fakultet Wofford –
10:12
auditing courses every semester,
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slušajući predmete svaki semestar.
10:14
and because he had a tendency to kiss anything that moved,
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I s obzirom da je imao tendenciju ljubiti sve što se micalo,
10:18
becoming affectionately known as "Opi" -- which is Magyar for grandfather --
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postao je poznat kao Opi – što na mađarskom znači djed –
10:22
by all and sundry. Before I got there, the library of the college
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po svemu raznovrsan. Kada sam došao tamo, knjižnica fakulteta
10:26
had been named for Mr. Teszler, and after I arrived in 1993,
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nazvana je po gospodinu Teszleru, a kada sam se vratio 1993.,
10:31
the faculty decided to honor itself by naming Mr. Teszler Professor of the College --
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fakultet se odlučio počastiti imenujući gospodina Teszlera fakultetskim profesorom.
10:36
partly because at that point he had already taken
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Djelomično zato što je u tom trenu već odslušao
10:39
all of the courses in the catalog, but mainly because
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sve smjerove iz kataloga, ali uglavnom zato što je
10:42
he was so conspicuously wiser than any one of us.
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bio toliko evidentno pametniji od bilo koga od nas.
10:47
To me, it was immensely reassuring that the presiding spirit
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Za mene je bilo neizmjerno ohrabrujuće to što je predsjedajuća duša
10:51
of this little Methodist college in upstate South Carolina
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ovog malog metodističkog fakulteta u sjevernoj Južnoj Karolini
10:55
was a Holocaust survivor from Central Europe.
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bila žrtva holokausta iz srednje Europe.
10:59
Wise he was, indeed, but he also had a wonderful sense of humor.
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Bio je zaista mudar, ali je također imao odličan smisao za humor.
11:03
And once for an interdisciplinary class,
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I jednom, na interdisciplinaron predavanju,
11:06
I was screening the opening segment of Ingmar Bergman's "The Seventh Seal."
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prikazivao sam otvoreni segment Sedmog pečata Ingmara Bergmana.
11:10
As the medieval knight Antonius Block returns from the wild goose chase
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Kako se srednjovjekovni vitez Antonius Blok vratio s potjere za divljim guskama
11:14
of the Crusades and arrives on the rocky shore of Sweden,
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i stigao na kamenu obalu Švedske
11:17
only to find the specter of death waiting for him,
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samo da bi pronašao predosjećaj smrti koja ga čeka,
11:20
Mr. Teszler sat in the dark with his fellow students. And
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gospodin Teszler je sjedio u mraku sa svojim prijateljima studentima. I
11:24
as death opened his cloak to embrace the knight
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kako je smrt otvorila svoj plašt da bi prigrlila viteza
11:28
in a ghastly embrace, I heard Mr. Teszler's tremulous voice:
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u mrtvački zagrljaj, čuo sam drhtavi glas gospodina Teszlera:
11:32
"Uh oh," he said, "This doesn't look so good." (Laughter)
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„Oh, oh“, rekao je, „To baš ne izgleda dobro.“
11:36
But it was music that was his greatest passion, especially opera.
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Ali glazba je bila njegova velika strast, posebno opera,
11:43
And on the first occasion that I visited his house, he gave me
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i prvi puta kada sam mu došao u posjet, dao mi je čast
11:46
honor of deciding what piece of music we would listen to.
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da odaberem koji ćemo glazbeni komad slušati.
11:50
And I delighted him by rejecting "Cavalleria Rusticana"
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I oduševio sam ga odbijajući „Cavalerriu Rusticanu“
11:54
in favor of Bela Bartok's "Bluebeard's Castle."
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u zamjenu za Bluebeard's Castle Bele Bartoka.
11:57
I love Bartok's music, as did Mr. Teszler,
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Volim Bartokovu glazbu, kao što je volio i gospodin Teszler
12:00
and he had virtually every recording of Bartok's music ever issued.
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i doslovno je imao svaku snimku Bartokovih skladbi koja je ikada objavljena.
12:04
And it was at his house that I heard for the first time
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I u njegovoj sam kući po prvi puta čuo
12:06
Bartok's Third Piano Concerto and learned from
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Bartokov Treći koncert za klavir i naučio od
12:09
Mr. Teszler that it had been composed in nearby Asheville, North Carolina
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gospodina Teszlera da je to skladao pokraj Ashevill-a u Sjevernoj Karolini
12:14
in the last year of the composer's life.
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u zadnjim danima života.
12:16
He was dying of leukemia and he knew it,
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Umirao je od leukemije i znao je to,
12:19
and he dedicated this concerto to his wife,
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i posvetio je taj koncert svojoj ženi
12:22
Dita, who was herself a concert pianist.
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Diti koja je i sama bila koncertni pijanist.
12:25
And into the slow, second movement, marked "adagio religioso,"
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I u polaganom, drugom pokretu naznačio adagio religioso,
12:29
he incorporated the sounds of birdsong that he heard
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pripojio je zvukove ptičjeg pjeva, koje je čuo
12:33
outside his window in what he knew would be his last spring;
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kroz prozor, u nešto za što je znao da će biti njegovo posljednje proljeće.
12:36
he was imagining a future for her in which he would play no part.
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Zamišljao je budućnost za nju, a u kojoj njega neće biti.
12:42
And clearly this composition is his final statement to her --
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I jasno, jasno je da ova kompozicija daje konačni iskaz njoj –
12:48
it was first performed after his death --
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prvi puta je izvedena nakon njegove smrti –
12:50
and through her to the world.
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i kroz nju prema svijetu.
12:52
And just as clearly, it is saying, "It's okay. It was all so beautiful.
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I kao da jasno kaže – „U redu je. Sve je bilo tako divno.
12:59
Whenever you hear this, I will be there."
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Kad god ovo čuješ, bit ću tu.“
13:03
It was only after Mr. Teszler's death that I learned
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Tek nakon smrti gospodina Teszlera saznao
13:08
that the marker on the grave of Bela Bartok in Hartsdale, New York
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sam da je oznaku na grobu Bele Bartoka u Hartsdaleu u New Yorku
13:12
was paid for by Sandor Teszler. "Yo napot, Bela!"
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platio Sandor Teszler. „Yo napot, Bela!“
13:17
Not long before Mr. Teszler’s own death at the age of 97,
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Nedugo prije smrti gospodina Teszlera u devedeset i sedmoj godini,
13:22
he heard me hold forth on human iniquity.
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čuo me kako javno govorim o ljudskoj grešnosti.
13:26
I delivered a lecture in which I described history
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Držao sam predavanja u kojem sam opisao prošlost
13:28
as, on the whole, a tidal wave of human suffering and brutality,
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u cijelosti kao plimni val ljudske patnje i brutalnosti
13:32
and Mr. Teszler came up to me afterwards with gentle reproach and said,
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i gospodin Teszler mi je nakon toga prišao i rekao:
13:37
"You know, Doctor, human beings are fundamentally good."
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„Znate doktore, ljudska bića su u osnovi dobra.“
13:43
And I made a vow to myself, then and there,
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I zakleo sam se sam sebi, tada tamo,
13:47
that if this man who had such cause to think otherwise
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ako ovaj čovjek koji je imao svo pravo misliti drugačije,
13:51
had reached that conclusion,
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zaključio to,
13:53
I would not presume to differ until he released me from my vow.
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ja neću pretpostavljati drugačije sve dok me ne oslobodi zakletve.
13:57
And now he's dead, so I'm stuck with my vow.
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I sad je mrtav, a ja sam zapeo sa svojom zakletvom.
14:01
"Yo napot, Sandor!"
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„Yo napot, Sandor!“
14:03
I thought my skein of Hungarian mentors had come to an end,
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Mislio sam da je došao kraj mojim mađarskim mentorima,
14:07
but almost immediately I met Francis Robicsek, a Hungarian doctor --
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ali ubrzo nakon toga sam upoznao Francisa Robicseka, mađarskog doktora,
14:14
actually a heart surgeon in Charlotte, North Carolina, then in his late seventies --
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zapravo kardiokirurga u Charlotteu u Sjevernoj Karolini koji je tada bio u svojim kasnim sedamdesetima
14:18
who had been a pioneer in open-heart surgery,
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i bio je pionir u otvorenim operacijama srca
14:20
and, tinkering away in his garage behind his house,
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i krpajući u svojoj garaži iza kuće
14:24
had invented many of the devices that are standard parts of those procedures.
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izumio je mnoge uređaje koju su standardni dijelovi ovih postupaka.
14:29
He's also a prodigious art collector, beginning as an intern in Budapest
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Također je i čudnovat skupljač umjetnina, koji je započeo kao pripravnik u Budimpešti
14:34
by collecting 16th- and 17th-century Dutch art and Hungarian painting,
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skupljajući nizozemske i mađarske slike iz šesnaestog i sedamnaestog stoljeća
14:38
and when he came to this country moving on to Spanish colonial art,
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i kada je došao u ovu zemlju prešao je na španjolsku kolonijalnu umjetnost,
14:43
Russian icons and finally Mayan ceramics.
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ruske ikone i na posljetku keramiku Maya.
14:46
He's the author of seven books, six of them on Mayan ceramics.
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Autor je sedam knjiga, šest od njih o keramici Maya.
14:49
It was he who broke the Mayan codex, enabling scholars to relate
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On je dešifrirao Mayanski kodeks, omogućujući učenjacima da povežu
14:53
the pictographs on Mayan ceramics to the hieroglyphs of the Mayan script.
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oznake na keramici Maya s hijeroglifima Mayanskih spisa.
14:57
On the occasion of my first visit, we toured his house
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Kada sam ga prvi puta posjetio, proveo me kroz kuću
15:00
and we saw hundreds of works of museum quality,
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i vidjeli smo stotine radova muzejske kvalitete
15:03
and then we paused in front of a closed door and Dr. Robicsek said,
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i zaustavili se ispred zatvorenih vrata i doktor Robicsek je rekao
15:08
with obvious pride, "Now for the piece de resistance."
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s očiglednim ponosom: „Sada komad otpora.“
15:11
And he opened the door and we walked into a
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I otvorio je vrata i ušli smo u veliku prostoriju
15:14
windowless 20-by-20-foot room with shelves from floor to ceiling, and
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bez prozora s policama od stropa do poda
15:20
crammed on every shelf his collection of Mayan ceramics.
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napunjenim njegovom kolekcijom keramike Maya.
15:22
Now, I know absolutely nothing about Mayan ceramics,
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Nisam pojma imao o keramici Maya,
15:24
but I wanted to be as ingratiating as possible so I said,
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ali želio sam biti što umiljatiji. Pa sam rekao:
15:27
"But Dr. Robicsek, this is absolutely dazzling."
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„Ali doktore Robicsek, ovo je totalno zaslijepljujuće.“
15:31
"Yes," he said. "That is what the Louvre said.
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„Da“, rekao je, „to su mi rekli iz Louvra.
15:34
They would not leave me alone until I let them have a piece,
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Nisu me puštali na miru sve dok im nisam dopustio da dobiju komad,
15:38
but it was not a good one." (Laughter)
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ali nije bio dobar.“
15:40
Well, it occurred to me that I should invite Dr. Robicsek
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Učinilo mi se da bih trebao pozvati doktora Robicseka
15:44
to lecture at Wofford College on -- what else?
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na predavanje na fakultetu Wofford, o čemu drugome
15:47
-- Leonardo da Vinci. And further, I should invite him to meet
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nego o Leonardu Da Vinciju. I dalje, trebao sam ga pozvati da upozna
15:51
my oldest trustee, who had majored in French history at Yale
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mog najstarijeg pratitelja koji je diplomirao francusku povijest na Yale-u
15:55
some 70-odd years before and, at 89, still ruled the world's
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prije nekih 70-ak godina i u 89-oj je još uvijek sa željeznom rukom upravljao
16:00
largest privately owned textile empire with an iron hand.
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najvećim privatnim tekstilnim carstvom.
16:05
His name is Roger Milliken. And Mr. Milliken agreed,
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Ime mu je Roger Milliken. I gospodin Milliken se složio,
16:09
and Dr. Robicsek agreed. And Dr. Robicsek visited
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a složio se i doktor Robicsek. I doktor Robicsek je došao
16:12
and delivered the lecture and it was a dazzling success.
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i održao predavanje i to je bio fantastičan uspjeh.
16:15
And afterwards we convened at the President's House with Dr. Robicsek
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I nakon toga smo se našli u predsjednikovoj kući s doktorom Robicsekom
16:19
on one hand, Mr. Milliken on the other.
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na jednoj strani i gospodinom Millikenom na drugoj.
16:20
And it was only at that moment, as we were sitting down to dinner,
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I baš u trenu kad smo sjedili za stolom i večerali,
16:24
that I recognized the enormity of the risk I had created,
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prepoznao sam nevjerojatnost rizika koji sam stvorio.
16:26
because to bring these two titans, these two masters of the universe
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Jer spojiti ovu dvojicu velikana, ovu dvojicu gospodara svemira
16:30
together -- it was like introducing Mothra to Godzilla over the skyline of Tokyo.
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zajedno je poput predstavljanja Mothre Godzilli iznad Tokya.
16:35
If they didn't like each other, we could all get trampled to death.
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Ako se ne svide jedan drugome, mogli bismo svi biti nasmrt pregaženi.
16:38
But they did, they did like each other.
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Ali jesu. Svidjeli su se jedan drugome.
16:40
They got along famously until the very end of the meal,
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Izvrsno su se slagali sve do kraja obroka
16:43
and then they got into a furious argument.
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kad su zapeli u užasnoj prepirci.
16:45
And what they were arguing about was this:
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A prepirali su se o tome
16:47
whether the second Harry Potter movie was as good as the first. (Laughter)
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je li drugi dio filma Harry Potter jednako dobar kao i prvi.
16:52
Mr. Milliken said it was not. Dr. Robicsek disagreed.
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Gospodin Milliken je rekao da nije.
16:57
I was still trying to take in the notion that these titans,
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Doktor Robicsek se nije složio.
17:01
these masters of the universe, in their spare time watch Harry Potter movies,
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Još uvijek sam pokušavao shvatiti da ovi velikani, ovi gospodari svemira u svoje slobodno vrijeme gledaju Harryja Pottera,
17:04
when Mr. Milliken thought he would win the argument by saying,
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a tada je gospodin Milliken pomislio da će pobijediti u prepirci s argumentom poput ovog:
17:08
"You just think it's so good because you didn't read the book."
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„Misliš tako samo zato što nisi pročitao knjigu.“
17:11
And Dr. Robicsek reeled back in his chair, but quickly gathered his wits,
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I doktor Robicsek se nagnuo unazad na svojoj stolici, ali se brzo snašao,
17:15
leaned forward and said, "Well, that is true, but I'll bet you went
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nagnuo naprijed i rekao: „Pa, to je točno, ali kladim se da si ti išao
17:18
to the movie with a grandchild." "Well, yes, I did," conceded Mr. Milliken.
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gledati film s unucima.“ „Pa jesam,“ priznao je gospodin Milliken.
17:23
"Aha!" said Dr. Robicsek. "I went to the movie all by myself." (Laughter) (Applause)
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„Aha!“ rekao je doktor Robicsek. „Ja sam išao u kino sasvim sam.“
17:28
And I realized, in this moment of revelation,
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I shvatio sam u tom trenutku otkrivenja
17:33
that what these two men were revealing was the secret
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da su ova dvojica muškaraca otkrili tajnu
17:37
of their extraordinary success, each in his own right.
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svog izvanrednog uspjeha, svatko na svoj način.
17:40
And it lay precisely in that insatiable curiosity,
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I ležao je točno u toj nezasitnoj znatiželji,
17:44
that irrepressible desire to know, no matter what the subject,
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toj nezadrživoj želji za znanjem – bez obzira na to što je tema,
17:48
no matter what the cost,
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bez obzira na to kolika je cijena,
17:50
even at a time when the keepers of the Doomsday Clock
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čak i u vrijeme kad su čuvari Sata sudnjeg dana
17:53
are willing to bet even money that the human race won't be around
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voljni napraviti okladu da ljudska rasa neće moći
17:56
to imagine anything in the year 2100, a scant 93 years from now.
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doživjeti 2100. godinu, oskudne 93 godine od sada.
18:01
"Live each day as if it is your last," said Mahatma Gandhi.
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„Živi svaki dan kao da ti je posljednji.“ rekao je Mahatma Ghandi.
18:05
"Learn as if you'll live forever."
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„Uči kao da ćeš vječno živjeti.“
18:07
This is what I'm passionate about. It is precisely this.
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U vezi toga sam strastven. Baš zbog toga.
18:12
It is this inextinguishable, undaunted appetite for learning and experience,
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To je nešto što je nemoguće ugasiti, neustrašiv apetit za učenjem i iskustvom
18:21
no matter how risible, no matter how esoteric,
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bez obzira koliko smiješno, koliko ezoterično
18:23
no matter how seditious it might seem.
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ili buntovno izgleda.
18:26
This defines the imagined futures of our fellow Hungarians --
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To definira zamišljene budućnosti naših prijatelja mađara,
18:32
Robicsek, Teszler and Bartok -- as it does my own.
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Robicseka i Teszlera i Bartoka, kao i moju.
18:37
As it does, I suspect, that of everybody here.
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A vjerujem i svih vas ovdje.
18:41
To which I need only add, "Ez a mi munkank; es nem is keves."
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Čemu jedino moram dodati: "Ez a mi munkank; es nem is keves."
18:47
This is our task; we know it will be hard.
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„Ovo je naš zadatak. Znamo da će biti težak.“
18:52
"Ez a mi munkank; es nem is keves. Yo napot, pacak!" (Applause)
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"Ez a mi munkank; es nem is keves." Yo napot, pacak!
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Bernie Dunlap - College presidentBernie Dunlap is a true polymath, whose talents span poetry, opera, ballet, literature and administration. He is the president of South Carolina’s Wofford College.
Why you should listen
Bernie Dunlap was a dancer for four years with the Columbia City Ballet, kicking off a life of artistic and cultural exploration. A Rhodes Scholar, he did his PhD in English literature at Harvard, and is now the president of Wofford College, a small liberal arts school in South Carolina. He has taught classes on a wide variety of subjects, from Asian history to creative writing.
He's also a writer-producer for television, and his 19-part series The Renaissance has been adopted for use by more than 100 colleges. He has been a Senior Fulbright Lecturer in Thailand and a moderator at the Aspen Institute.
Bernie Dunlap | Speaker | TED.com