TED2016
Adam Foss: A prosecutor's vision for a better justice system
亞當·福斯: 檢察官改良司法系統的願景
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對於一個犯罪的青少年，司法系統可以選擇完全遵循法律來起訴他，或者退一步、想一想，把他監禁起來、留下犯罪紀錄、毀掉他的一生真的是正確選項嗎？波士頓的檢察官 亞當·福斯以親身實例呼籲改良司法系統：以同理心了解、給機會、介入、支持和愛，改善他們的生活，避免以後再犯罪，來取代花費龐大、低效率，又常導致惡性循環的監禁。
Adam Foss - Juvenile justice reformer
By shifting his focus from incarceration to transforming lives, Adam Foss is reinventing the role of the criminal prosecutor. Full bio
By shifting his focus from incarceration to transforming lives, Adam Foss is reinventing the role of the criminal prosecutor. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
The following are my opinions,
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以下是我的個人意見，
00:14
and do not reflect
the opinions or policies
the opinions or policies
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並不反映任何地檢處的意見或政策。
00:16
of any particular prosecutor's office.
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00:18
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
00:21
I am a prosecutor.
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我是檢察官。
00:23
I believe in law and order.
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我相信法治。
00:24
I am the adopted son of a police officer,
a Marine and a hairdresser.
a Marine and a hairdresser.
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我是一名警員、海軍、
和髮型師收養的兒子。
和髮型師收養的兒子。
00:29
I believe in accountability
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我相信人皆應為
所做的決定或行動負責。
所做的決定或行動負責。
00:32
and that we should all be safe
in our communities.
in our communities.
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我們應能安全地生活在
自己的社區裡。
自己的社區裡。
00:36
I love my job
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我熱愛我的工作和工作的同袍。
00:38
and the people that do it.
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00:40
I just think that it's our responsibility
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我只是認為我們有責任不斷改進。
00:42
to do it better.
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00:45
By a show of hands,
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請舉手示意，
00:47
how many of you, by the age of 25,
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你們當中有多少人在25歲前
曾在學校搗蛋，
曾在學校搗蛋，
00:50
had either acted up in school,
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00:51
went somewhere you were
specifically told to stay out of,
specifically told to stay out of,
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闖入別人特別交代你不要去的地方，
00:54
or drank alcohol before your legal age?
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或者未成年飲酒？
00:58
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
00:59
All right.
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很好。
01:01
How many of you shoplifted,
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有多少人曾經偷竊，
01:03
tried an illegal drug
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嘗試非法藥物，
01:05
or got into a physical fight --
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或者打架？
01:07
yes, even with a sibling?
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對，跟兄弟姊妹也算。
01:10
Now, how many of you
ever spent one day in jail
ever spent one day in jail
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有多少人曾經因為
那些決定而入獄呢?
那些決定而入獄呢?
01:14
for any of those decisions?
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01:21
How many of you sitting here today
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今日在座有多少人
01:23
think that you're a danger to society
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認為自己對社會構成危險，
或者，那些年少輕狂的行為
定位了你是個什麼樣的人？
定位了你是個什麼樣的人？
01:25
or should be defined by those actions
of youthful indiscretion?
of youthful indiscretion?
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01:29
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
01:32
Point taken.
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明白意思了。
01:35
When we talk about
criminal justice reform,
criminal justice reform,
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當我們提到刑事審判的改革，
01:37
we often focus on a few things,
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我們通常聚焦在一些事情上，
01:40
and that's what I want
to talk to you about today.
to talk to you about today.
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這就是我今天要跟大家談的。
01:44
But first I'm going to --
since you shared with me,
since you shared with me,
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由於你們並不隱瞞你們的過去，
01:47
I'm going to give you
a confession on my part.
a confession on my part.
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所以首先我要坦白，
我讀法律學院是為了賺大錢。
01:49
I went to law school
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01:50
to make money.
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01:52
I had no interest
in being a public servant,
in being a public servant,
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我沒意願當公務人員，
01:54
I had no interest in criminal law,
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對犯罪法並沒有興趣，
01:56
and I definitely didn't think
that I would ever be a prosecutor.
that I would ever be a prosecutor.
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更絕對沒想過要當檢察官。
02:00
Near the end of my first year
of law school, I got an internship
of law school, I got an internship
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法學院一年級快結束時，
我得到一個在波士頓法院
羅克斯伯里司的實習機會。
羅克斯伯里司的實習機會。
02:03
in the Roxbury Division
of Boston Municipal Court.
of Boston Municipal Court.
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02:06
I knew of Roxbury as an impoverished
neighborhood in Boston,
neighborhood in Boston,
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我知道羅克斯伯里是
波士頓的一個貧窮街坊，
波士頓的一個貧窮街坊，
02:10
plagued by gun violence and drug crime.
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槍枝暴力和毒品問題猖獗。
02:15
My life and my legal career changed
the first day of that internship.
the first day of that internship.
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我的人生和法律職業
在實習的第一天就轉變了。
在實習的第一天就轉變了。
02:21
I walked into a courtroom,
and I saw an auditorium of people
and I saw an auditorium of people
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走進法庭，我看見大堂裡滿滿是人，
02:25
who, one by one, would approach
the front of that courtroom
the front of that courtroom
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他們一個接著一個走近臺前，
02:28
to say two words and two words only:
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只說兩個字「無罪」。
02:30
"Not guilty."
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02:32
They were predominately black and brown.
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他們幾乎全是黑皮膚或棕色皮膚。
02:36
And then a judge, a defense
attorney and a prosecutor
attorney and a prosecutor
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然後，法官、辯護律師、檢察官們，
02:38
would make life-altering decisions
about that person without their input.
about that person without their input.
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沒有聽聽他們的說法，
就做出改變他們生命的決定。
就做出改變他們生命的決定。
02:43
They were predominately white.
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法官、辯護律師、檢察官
幾乎全是白人。
幾乎全是白人。
02:47
As each person, one by one,
approached the front of that courtroom,
approached the front of that courtroom,
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當每個人一個接一個走向前，
02:50
I couldn't stop but think:
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我忍不住想：
02:52
How did they get here?
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他們為什麼會站在這裡？
02:53
I wanted to know their stories.
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我想知道他們的故事。
02:55
And as the prosecutor
read the facts of each case,
read the facts of each case,
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身為檢察官，我仔細研讀每一案件。
02:59
I was thinking to myself,
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我在心裡對自己說，
03:01
we could have predicted that.
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我們本來可以預測得到，
03:04
That seems so preventable...
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本可防止，讓它不發生的...
03:07
not because I was an expert
in criminal law,
in criminal law,
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不因我是個刑法專家，
03:09
but because it was common sense.
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而是基於常識。
03:13
Over the course of the internship,
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在實習的過程中，
03:15
I began to recognize
people in the auditorium,
people in the auditorium,
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我開始了解，人們出現在法庭上
03:17
not because they were
criminal masterminds
criminal masterminds
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不是因為他們是犯罪主謀，
03:19
but because they were
coming to us for help
coming to us for help
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而是來尋求我們的幫助，
03:21
and we were sending them out without any.
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但我們未提供任何幫助
就送走他們。
就送走他們。
03:25
My second year of law school I worked
as a paralegal for a defense attorney,
as a paralegal for a defense attorney,
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就讀法律學院的第二年，
我的工作是辯護律師的助理。
我的工作是辯護律師的助理。
在這段經驗中，我碰到許多
被指控謀殺的年輕男子。
被指控謀殺的年輕男子。
03:29
and in that experience I met many
young men accused of murder.
young men accused of murder.
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03:32
Even in our "worst," I saw human stories.
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即使是最「糟糕」的情況，
我仍看到人的故事。
我仍看到人的故事。
03:36
And they all contained childhood trauma,
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他們都有童年創傷，
03:39
victimization, poverty, loss,
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受害、貧窮、失落、
03:41
disengagement from school,
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輟學、
03:43
early interaction with the police
and the criminal justice system,
and the criminal justice system,
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早年就已與警察、司法系統有牽連。
03:46
all leading to a seat in a courtroom.
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這些都導致他們出現在法庭裡。
03:49
Those convicted of murder
were condemned to die in prison,
were condemned to die in prison,
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那些被判謀殺罪名成立、
被譴責應該死在獄中的人。
被譴責應該死在獄中的人。
03:52
and it was during those meetings
with those men that I couldn't fathom
with those men that I couldn't fathom
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與那些人討論、商談之間，
我想不透，為什麼我們要花大錢
03:57
why we would spend so much money
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03:58
to keep this one person in jail
for the next 80 years
for the next 80 years
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把他們關在監獄裡80年，
04:01
when we could have reinvested it up front,
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而不是在他們犯罪之前做些什麼，
04:03
and perhaps prevented the whole thing
from happening in the first place.
from happening in the first place.
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也許在第一時間
就早已阻止事情發生。
就早已阻止事情發生。
04:07
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
04:12
My third year of law school,
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就讀法學院的第三年時，
04:14
I defended people accused
of small street crimes,
of small street crimes,
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我為被控犯了街頭小罪的人辯護。
04:16
mostly mentally ill,
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他們大多患精神病、
無家可歸或吸毒成癮。
無家可歸或吸毒成癮。
04:17
mostly homeless,
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04:19
mostly drug-addicted,
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他們都需要幫忙。
04:20
all in need of help.
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04:23
They would come to us,
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他們來尋求協助，
04:24
and we would send them away
without that help.
without that help.
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而我們未提供任何協助，
就把他們送走了。
就把他們送走了。
04:28
They were in need of our assistance.
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他們需要我們的幫助，
04:32
But we weren't giving them any.
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但我們並沒有給予任何幫助；
04:36
Prosecuted, adjudged and defended
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反而由全然不認識、
不了解他們的人
不了解他們的人
04:40
by people who knew nothing about them.
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來起訴、辯護和判決他們。
04:44
The staggering inefficiency is what
drove me to criminal justice work.
drove me to criminal justice work.
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這驚人的低下效率，使我轉換跑道
改做刑事司法的工作。
改做刑事司法的工作。
04:48
The unfairness of it all
made me want to be a defender.
made me want to be a defender.
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這一切的不公平
讓我想成為一名辯護人。
讓我想成為一名辯護人。
04:52
The power dynamic
that I came to understand
that I came to understand
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這股動力使我明白過來，
04:56
made me become a prosecutor.
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成為一名檢察官。
04:59
I don't want to spend a lot of time
talking about the problem.
talking about the problem.
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我不想花太多時間討論這問題。
05:02
We know the criminal justice
system needs reform,
system needs reform,
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我們都知道司法系統亟需改革，
05:04
we know there are 2.3 million
people in American jails and prisons,
people in American jails and prisons,
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在美國有230萬人被關在監獄中，
05:07
making us the most incarcerated
nation on the planet.
nation on the planet.
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使我國成為世界上
禁錮最多人犯的國家。
禁錮最多人犯的國家。
05:10
We know there's another seven million
people on probation or parole,
people on probation or parole,
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我們知道另有七百萬人
正在緩刑或假釋中。
正在緩刑或假釋中。
05:13
we know that the criminal justice system
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我們知道司法系統
不成比例地影響有色人種，
不成比例地影響有色人種，
05:16
disproportionately affects
people of color,
people of color,
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尤其是貧窮的有色人種。
05:18
particularly poor people of color.
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05:19
And we know there are system failures
happening everywhere
happening everywhere
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我們知道司法系統處處失敗。
它把人送進法庭，
05:22
that bring people to our courtrooms.
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卻不討論如何教
05:24
But what we do not discuss
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裝備不良的檢察官怎麼處理他們。
05:25
is how ill-equipped our prosecutors
are to receive them.
are to receive them.
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05:29
When we talk about
criminal justice reform,
criminal justice reform,
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當討論司法改革時，
05:31
we, as a society, focus on three things.
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我們社會通常聚焦在三件事情上。
05:33
We complain, we tweet, we protest
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我們抱怨，我們發聲，我們抗議
05:35
about the police, about sentencing laws
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關於警察、刑則法條，和監獄。
05:37
and about prison.
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05:40
We rarely, if ever, talk
about the prosecutor.
about the prosecutor.
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我們幾乎沒有談到檢察官。
05:46
In the fall of 2009,
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在2009年的秋天，
05:48
a young man was arrested
by the Boston Police Department.
by the Boston Police Department.
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波士頓警察局逮捕一名年輕男子。
05:51
He was 18 years old,
he was African American
he was African American
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他十八歲，非洲裔美國人，
05:54
and he was a senior
at a local public school.
at a local public school.
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是當地公立高中的高三學生。
05:56
He had his sights set on college
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他原將目標設定在上大學，
05:58
but his part-time, minimum-wage job
wasn't providing the financial opportunity
wasn't providing the financial opportunity
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但他僅僅最低薪資的兼職工作
根本無法賺夠註冊費。
06:02
he needed to enroll in school.
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06:04
In a series of bad decisions,
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一連串錯誤決定之後，
06:06
he stole 30 laptops from a store
and sold them on the Internet.
and sold them on the Internet.
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他偷了三十台筆記型電腦，網拍。
06:10
This led to his arrest
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這導致他被逮捕，
06:11
and a criminal complaint
of 30 felony charges.
of 30 felony charges.
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面臨偷竊三十台電腦的重罪指控。
06:17
The potential jail time he faced is what
stressed Christopher out the most.
stressed Christopher out the most.
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克里斯托弗最緊張的是
他可能面臨的監獄刑期。
他可能面臨的監獄刑期。
但是他並不清楚，
06:21
But what he had little understanding of
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06:23
was the impact a criminal record
would have on his future.
would have on his future.
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他的犯罪記錄
將會影響他未來的人生。
將會影響他未來的人生。
06:28
I was standing in arraignments that day
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那天，我站在提訊桌前，
06:30
when Christopher's case
came across my desk.
came across my desk.
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克里斯托弗的檔案在我桌上。
06:32
And at the risk of sounding
dramatic, in that moment,
dramatic, in that moment,
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聽起來相當戲劇化，
當時我手中握著克里斯托弗的前程。
06:34
I had Christopher's life in my hands.
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06:37
I was 29 years old,
a brand-new prosecutor,
a brand-new prosecutor,
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那時我29歲，是新手檢察官。
06:39
and I had little appreciation
for how the decisions I would make
for how the decisions I would make
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我意識到我當時做的決定
06:42
would impact Christopher's life.
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將會影響克里斯托弗的一生。
06:46
Christopher's case was a serious one
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克里斯托弗的案件很嚴重，
06:48
and it needed to be dealt with as such,
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需要嚴肅對待。
06:50
but I didn't think branding him
a felon for the rest of his life
a felon for the rest of his life
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但我不認為
把他的下半生銘記為罪犯
把他的下半生銘記為罪犯
是對的。
06:53
was the right answer.
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06:56
For the most part,
prosecutors step onto the job
prosecutors step onto the job
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在大多數情況下，
接案的檢察官並未意識到
所做的決定將造成的影響，
所做的決定將造成的影響，
06:58
with little appreciation
of the impact of our decisions,
of the impact of our decisions,
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姑且不論原先的意向。
07:01
regardless of our intent.
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07:02
Despite our broad discretion,
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儘管我們慎重地裁量，
07:04
we learn to avoid risk at all cost,
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但我們不惜一切代價
以規避風險的既成習性，
以規避風險的既成習性，
07:07
rendering our discretion
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使我們的判斷基本上不可用。
07:09
basically useless.
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07:11
History has conditioned us
to believe that somehow,
to believe that somehow,
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歷史經驗的訓練，讓我們相信
刑事司法系統令人為犯行負責，
07:14
the criminal justice system
brings about accountability
brings about accountability
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07:17
and improves public safety,
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並提高公眾安全；
07:18
despite evidence to the contrary.
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儘管佐證明顯是相反的。
07:21
We're judged internally and externally
by our convictions and our trial wins,
by our convictions and our trial wins,
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內部和外部都以定罪和勝訴
來判斷我們的績效，
來判斷我們的績效，
07:24
so prosecutors aren't really
incentivized to be creative
incentivized to be creative
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致使檢察官在處理案子時，
沒有誘因創意地去採證，
或為人承擔風險。
或為人承擔風險。
07:28
at our case dispositions,
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07:30
or to take risks on people
we might not otherwise.
we might not otherwise.
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07:34
We stick to an outdated method,
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我們拘泥於過時的方法，
07:36
counterproductive to achieving
the very goal that we all want,
the very goal that we all want,
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因而適得其反，
無法達到大家的共同目標：
無法達到大家的共同目標：
07:39
and that's safer communities.
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更安全的社會。
07:42
Yet most prosecutors standing in my space
would have arraigned Christopher.
would have arraigned Christopher.
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大多數的檢察官若站在我的立場，
他們會起訴克里斯托弗。
他們會起訴克里斯托弗。
07:46
They have little appreciation
for what we can do.
for what we can do.
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他們幾乎不會意識到能夠做些什麼。
07:50
Arraigning Christopher
would give him a criminal record,
would give him a criminal record,
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起訴克里斯托弗
將會留給他犯罪紀錄，
將會留給他犯罪紀錄，
07:54
making it harder for him to get a job,
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使他很難找到工作，
07:57
setting in motion a cycle
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進入惡性循環，
07:58
that defines the failing
criminal justice system today.
criminal justice system today.
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造成我們當前失敗的刑事司法系統。
08:04
With a criminal record and without a job,
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有犯罪紀錄、沒有工作、
08:06
Christopher would be unable to find
employment, education or stable housing.
employment, education or stable housing.
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克里斯托弗將無法被僱用、
受教育，或有穩定的居所。
受教育，或有穩定的居所。
08:10
Without those protective
factors in his life,
factors in his life,
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若沒有這些生命裡的保護因素，
08:12
Christopher would be more likely
to commit further, more serious crime.
to commit further, more serious crime.
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克里斯托弗恐將難免
犯更多、更嚴重的罪。
犯更多、更嚴重的罪。
08:16
The more contact Christopher had
with the criminal justice system,
with the criminal justice system,
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克里斯托弗越是與司法系統有牽連，
就越可能一而再、再而三地
陷入刑事事件中，
陷入刑事事件中，
08:19
the more likely it would be
that he would return again
that he would return again
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08:21
and again and again --
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1969
08:23
all at tremendous social cost
to his children, to his family
to his children, to his family
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而這引發的高昂社會成本，
將由他的子女、家人
將由他的子女、家人
08:27
and to his peers.
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以及同儕來承擔。
08:28
And, ladies and gentlemen,
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各位先生、女士，
08:30
it is a terrible public safety
outcome for the rest of us.
outcome for the rest of us.
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這樣的社安結果
將是我們所有人的夢魘。
將是我們所有人的夢魘。
08:36
When I came out of law school,
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剛從法學院畢業時，
08:38
I did the same thing as everybody else.
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我和大家一樣，
08:41
I came out as a prosecutor
expected to do justice,
expected to do justice,
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2456
期待當一名伸張正義的檢察官。
08:44
but I never learned what
justice was in my classes --
justice was in my classes --
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但我未曾在課堂上學到正義是什麼。
沒人學過。沒人學過。
08:46
none of us do.
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1150
08:48
None of us do.
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1150
08:50
And yet, prosecutors
are the most powerful actors
are the most powerful actors
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然而，檢察官是刑事司法系統中
最強大的角色。
最強大的角色。
08:53
in the criminal justice system.
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08:56
Our power is virtually boundless.
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我們的力量幾乎無限，
08:57
In most cases, not the judge,
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1453
在大多數的案件當中，
08:59
not the police, not the legislature,
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不是法官、警察、立法機關，
09:01
not the mayor, not the governor,
not the President
not the President
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也不是市長、州長、總統
09:03
can tell us how to prosecute our cases.
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告訴我們如何起訴案件。
09:07
The decision to arraign Christopher
and give him a criminal record
and give him a criminal record
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起訴克里斯托弗與否，
讓他留下犯罪紀錄與否，
讓他留下犯罪紀錄與否，
09:10
was exclusively mine.
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完全由我決定。
09:12
I would choose whether to prosecute
him for 30 felonies, for one felony,
him for 30 felonies, for one felony,
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由我來決定起訴他
三十個重罪、一個重罪、一個輕罪，
三十個重罪、一個重罪、一個輕罪，
09:15
for a misdemeanor,
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1151
或以上全部。
09:17
or at all.
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1177
09:18
I would choose whether to leverage
Christopher into a plea deal
Christopher into a plea deal
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2976
由我選擇讓他協議認罪或開庭審理，
09:21
or take the case to trial, and ultimately,
197
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2029
最終，我的處境將會是
送克里斯托弗去坐牢。
送克里斯托弗去坐牢。
09:23
I would be in a position to ask
for Christopher to go to jail.
for Christopher to go to jail.
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2991
09:27
These are decisions that prosecutors
make every day unfettered,
make every day unfettered,
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這些是檢察官每天
在不受約束的情況下所做的決定。
在不受約束的情況下所做的決定。
09:32
and we are unaware and untrained
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2809
而我們未經訓練，也不明白
09:35
of the grave consequences
of those decisions.
of those decisions.
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這些決定的嚴重後果是什麼。
09:40
One night this past summer,
202
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1322
在剛過的夏天的某一晚，
09:41
I was at a small gathering
of professional men of color
of professional men of color
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3902
我參加一個本市各地有色人種
專業男士的小聚會，
專業男士的小聚會，
09:45
from around the city.
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1587
我站在那裡，大啖免費的小三明治，
09:47
As I stood there stuffing
free finger sandwiches into my mouth,
free finger sandwiches into my mouth,
205
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2957
09:50
as you do as public servant --
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1483
如同公僕們常做的 --
09:51
(Laughter)
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1016
（笑聲）
09:52
I noticed across the room,
208
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1563
我注意到在房間的那一頭，
09:54
a young man waving and smiling
at me and approaching me.
at me and approaching me.
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3799
有一個年輕男子，
微笑、揮手，向我走過來。
微笑、揮手，向我走過來。
09:59
And I recognized him,
but I couldn't place from where,
but I couldn't place from where,
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3024
我認得他的臉，
但不確定在哪裡見過他。
但不確定在哪裡見過他。
10:02
and before I knew it,
this young man was hugging me.
this young man was hugging me.
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3588
這年輕男子幾乎立刻擁抱
10:07
And thanking me.
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1387
和感謝我。
10:09
"You cared about me,
and you changed my life."
and you changed my life."
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2301
「你在乎我，並改變了我的生命。」
10:13
It was Christopher.
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他是克里斯托弗。
10:15
See, I never arraigned Christopher.
215
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1686
我並未起訴克里斯托弗。
10:17
He never faced a judge or a jail,
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1600
他並沒有面對審判或進監獄，
10:19
he never had a criminal record.
217
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1579
沒留下犯罪紀錄。
10:21
Instead, I worked with Christopher;
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1758
我和克里斯托弗一起達成替代方案；
10:22
first on being accountable
for his actions,
for his actions,
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2719
首先，他要為自己的行為負責，
10:25
and then, putting him in a position
where he wouldn't re-offend.
where he wouldn't re-offend.
220
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3089
然後，確保他不會再犯。
10:29
We recovered 75 percent
of the computers that he sold
of the computers that he sold
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2953
我們找回75%他當初賣掉的電腦，
10:32
and gave them back to Best Buy,
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1503
歸還給賣場，
10:34
and came up with a financial plan
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622169
1604
並對沒找回的電腦擬定賠償計畫。
10:35
to repay for the computers
we couldn't recover.
we couldn't recover.
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2215
10:38
Christopher did community service.
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626036
1715
克里斯托弗做社區服務。
10:39
He wrote an essay reflecting on how
this case could impact his future
this case could impact his future
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3279
他寫文章反思這案件
對於他和社會未來的影響。
對於他和社會未來的影響。
10:43
and that of the community.
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1351
10:44
He applied to college,
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1207
他申請大學，獲得獎學金，
從四年制大學畢業。
從四年制大學畢業。
10:45
he obtained financial aid,
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1260
10:46
and he went on to graduate
from a four-year school.
from a four-year school.
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2561
10:50
(Applause)
231
638523
6484
（掌聲）
10:57
After we finished hugging,
I looked at his name tag,
I looked at his name tag,
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2440
在結束擁抱後，我看他的名牌，
11:00
to learn that Christopher was the manager
of a large bank in Boston.
of a large bank in Boston.
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3249
得知克里斯托弗是
波士頓一間大銀行的經理。
波士頓一間大銀行的經理。
克里斯托弗已獲得成就，
並且賺的錢比我多。
並且賺的錢比我多。
11:03
Christopher had accomplished --
and making a lot more money than me --
and making a lot more money than me --
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3300
（笑聲）
11:06
(Laughter)
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654635
1001
11:07
He had accomplished all of this
236
655660
1506
自我第一次在羅克斯伯里法院
看到他起至今，
看到他起至今，
11:09
in the six years since I had first
seen him in Roxbury Court.
seen him in Roxbury Court.
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3095
六年間，他已經完成了這一切。
11:12
I can't take credit for Christopher's
journey to success,
journey to success,
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3067
克里斯托弗的成功，我不能居功，
11:16
but I certainly did my part
to keep him on the path.
to keep him on the path.
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664731
3158
但我肯定有部分幫助到他，
使他留在正途。
使他留在正途。
11:20
There are thousands
of Christophers out there,
of Christophers out there,
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3079
外頭還有上千位的克里斯托弗，
11:24
some locked in our jails and prisons.
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1781
有一些被鎖在監獄中。
11:26
We need thousands of prosecutors
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1865
我們需要數以千計的檢察官
11:28
to recognize that and to protect them.
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676287
2824
去了解這點和保護他們。
11:32
An employed Christopher is better
for public safety than a condemned one.
for public safety than a condemned one.
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3516
就公共安全而言，有前途的克里斯托弗
比直接送他入獄來得好。
比直接送他入獄來得好。
11:36
It's a bigger win for all of us.
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2643
這使我們都成為贏家。
11:40
In retrospect, the decision not
to throw the book at Christopher
to throw the book at Christopher
246
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3081
現在回想起來，
不起訴克里斯托弗的決定非常合理。
11:43
makes perfect sense.
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691543
1151
11:44
When I saw him that first day
in Roxbury Court,
in Roxbury Court,
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2212
我第一次在羅克斯伯里法院
看到他的那天，
看到他的那天，
11:46
I didn't see a criminal standing there.
249
694954
1872
我看到的，
不是站在那兒的一個罪犯。
不是站在那兒的一個罪犯。
11:48
I saw myself -- a young person
in need of intervention.
in need of intervention.
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696850
2795
我看到我自己 --
一位需要介入幫助的年輕人 --
一位需要介入幫助的年輕人 --
11:51
As an individual caught selling a large
quantity of drugs in my late teens,
quantity of drugs in my late teens,
251
699669
4313
如同我青少年時期所見
因販售大量毒品而被抓的人，
因販售大量毒品而被抓的人，
11:56
I knew firsthand the power of opportunity
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2925
我親身體會到善用機會的大力量，
11:58
as opposed to the wrath
of the criminal justice system.
of the criminal justice system.
253
706955
2886
它和雷霆般的司法系統恰恰相反。
12:04
Along the way, with the help
and guidance of my district attorney,
and guidance of my district attorney,
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712341
3911
過程中，在地區檢察官、上司、
和法官的幫助和指導下，
和法官的幫助和指導下，
12:08
my supervisor and judges,
255
716276
2973
12:11
I learned the power of the prosecutor
256
719273
2527
我學會運用檢察官的力量，
12:13
to change lives instead of ruining them.
257
721824
2722
去改變生命，而不是去毀滅生命。
12:18
And that's how we do it in Boston.
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726542
1637
這是我們在波士頓做的。
12:21
We helped a woman who was arrested
for stealing groceries to feed her kids
for stealing groceries to feed her kids
259
729206
3545
我們幫助為了養活小孩
而去偷雜貨的女人找工作。
而去偷雜貨的女人找工作。
12:24
get a job.
260
732775
1150
12:26
Instead of putting an abused
teenager in adult jail
teenager in adult jail
261
734401
3148
不把打架的受虐青少年
送進成人監獄，
送進成人監獄，
12:29
for punching another teenager,
262
737573
1453
12:31
we secured mental health treatment
and community supervision.
and community supervision.
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739050
2890
而是確保他接受心理治療
和社區監督。
和社區監督。
12:34
A runaway girl who was arrested
264
742288
1647
逃家的女孩為了生活，
在街上賣淫被捕，
在街上賣淫被捕，
12:35
for prostituting, to survive
on the streets,
on the streets,
265
743959
2103
12:38
needed a safe place to live and grow --
266
746086
2741
她需要安全的地方居住和成長 --
12:40
something we could help her with.
267
748851
2003
我們可以幫助她。
12:42
I even helped a young man
268
750878
1476
我甚至幫助過一位年輕男子，
12:44
who was so afraid of the older gang kids
showing up after school,
showing up after school,
269
752378
3103
因為害怕那些比他年紀大，
放學後成群攔阻的幫派份子，
放學後成群攔阻的幫派份子，
12:47
that one morning instead
of a lunchbox into his backpack,
of a lunchbox into his backpack,
270
755505
2675
有天早上，他背包裡帶的不是午餐，
12:50
he put a loaded 9-millimeter.
271
758204
1625
而是一把裝滿子彈的九厘米手槍。
12:53
We would spend our time that we'd
normally take prepping our cases
normally take prepping our cases
272
761467
4036
取代原本月復一月
準備審判的冗長過程，
準備審判的冗長過程，
12:57
for months and months
for trial down the road
for trial down the road
273
765527
2167
我們把時間花在
找出實際可行的辦法，
找出實際可行的辦法，
12:59
by coming up with real solutions
to the problems as they presented.
to the problems as they presented.
274
767718
3901
來解決一個個到來的問題。
13:04
Which is the better way to spend our time?
275
772699
2286
哪一種方式比較值得我們花時間？
13:07
How would you prefer
your prosecutors to spend theirs?
your prosecutors to spend theirs?
276
775969
2734
你希望你的檢察官
如何運用他們的時間？
如何運用他們的時間？
13:11
Why are we spending 80 billion dollars
277
779901
2368
為什麼我們要花八百億在監獄
這個我們明明知道失敗的系統上？
這個我們明明知道失敗的系統上？
13:14
on a prison industry
that we know is failing,
that we know is failing,
278
782293
2442
13:16
when we could take that money
and reallocate it into education,
and reallocate it into education,
279
784759
3564
我們可以重新分配錢和資源，
13:20
into mental health treatment,
280
788347
1409
用在教育、心理健康治療、
13:21
into substance abuse treatment
281
789780
1497
藥物濫用治療、和社區投資上，
13:23
and to community investment
so we can develop our neighborhoods?
so we can develop our neighborhoods?
282
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以開發我們的社區。
13:26
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
13:33
So why should this matter to you?
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這跟你有什麼關係？
13:35
Well, one, we're spending a lot of money.
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第一，我們耗費大把的金錢，
13:39
Our money.
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納稅人的錢。
13:41
It costs 109,000 dollars in some states
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某些州每年花費十萬九千美元
13:43
to lock up a teenager for a year,
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把一個青少年關在監獄裡，
13:45
with a 60 percent chance that that person
will return to the very same system.
will return to the very same system.
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其中60%出獄後會再度入獄。
13:49
That is a terrible return on investment.
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這是個回報很糟的投資。
13:54
Number two: it's the right thing to do.
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第二：這是正確、該做的事。
13:57
If prosecutors were a part
of creating the problem,
of creating the problem,
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如果檢方是造成問題的一部分，
13:59
it's incumbent on us to create a solution
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我們就義不容辭去解決。
14:02
and we can do that using other disciplines
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有些學門已有大數據、研究過，
14:04
that have already done the data
and research for us.
and research for us.
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我們可以拿來用。
14:06
And number three:
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第三：用你的聲音、選票來實現。
14:08
your voice and your vote
can make that happen.
can make that happen.
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14:10
The next time there's a local
district attorney's election
district attorney's election
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下次在你的選區選舉地方檢察官時，
14:13
in your jurisdiction,
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問問候選人
14:14
ask candidates these questions.
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一：你會做什麼來使鄰居和我更安全？
14:16
One: What are you doing to make
me and my neighbors safer?
me and my neighbors safer?
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14:19
Two: What data are you collecting,
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二：你蒐集些什麼資料？
14:21
and how are you training your prosecutors
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你如何訓練檢察官，以確認司法起作用？
14:23
to make sure that it's working?
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14:25
And number three:
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第三：
如果現況行不通，
你用什麼行動來解決問題？
你用什麼行動來解決問題？
14:26
If it's not working for everybody,
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14:28
what are you doing to fix it?
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14:30
If they can't answer the questions,
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若他們答不出，就不應擔此職責。
14:32
they shouldn't be doing the job.
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14:35
Each one of you that raised your hand
at the beginning of this talk
at the beginning of this talk
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每個在演說開始時舉過手的人，
14:38
is a living, breathing example
of the power of opportunity,
of the power of opportunity,
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正親身證明著
機會、介入、支持和愛的大力量。
14:42
of intervention,
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14:43
of support
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14:44
and of love.
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14:45
While each of you may have faced
your own brand of discipline
your own brand of discipline
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儘管你們可能已各自為
以往的過犯受過懲處，
以往的過犯受過懲處，
14:48
for whatever malfeasances you committed,
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14:50
barely any of you needed a day in jail
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但幾乎沒有任何一個需被關入鐵窗
14:52
to make you the people
that you are today --
that you are today --
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才得以成為今日的你們 --
14:54
some of the greatest minds on the planet.
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世上的頂尖人物。
14:57
Every day, thousands of times a day,
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美國各地的檢察官
14:59
prosecutors around the United States
wield power so great
wield power so great
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每天數以千次地行使大權，
15:02
that it can bring about catastrophe
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它能快速地帶來災難，
15:04
as quickly as it can
bring about opportunity,
bring about opportunity,
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同樣，也能快速地帶來機會、
15:06
intervention,
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介入、
15:08
support
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支持，
15:09
and yes, even love.
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和愛。
15:12
Those qualities are the hallmarks
of a strong community,
of a strong community,
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上述素質是強大社區的特點，
15:15
and a strong community is a safe one.
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而強大的社區是個安全的社區。
15:17
If our communities are broken,
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如果你的社區殘破，
不要依賴你選出的律師
15:18
don't let the lawyers
that you elect fix them
that you elect fix them
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用過時、低效、昂貴的方式來修復。
15:21
with outdated, inefficient,
expensive methods.
expensive methods.
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15:23
Demand more; vote for the prosecutor
who's helping people stay out of jail,
who's helping people stay out of jail,
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要求高一點，
投票給那些幫助人不入獄，
投票給那些幫助人不入獄，
而不是把人關進監獄的檢察官。
15:26
not putting them in.
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15:28
Demand better.
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我們要求要更好。
15:29
You deserve it, your children deserve it,
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這是你應得的，你的孩子們應得的，
15:31
the people who are tied up
in the system deserve it,
in the system deserve it,
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是淪落在司法系統裡的人應得的，
15:33
but most of all,
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但最重要的是
15:35
the people that we are sworn to protect
and do justice for demand it.
and do justice for demand it.
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我們宣誓要保護的人們所應得的。
我們必須、必須做得更好。
15:38
We must,
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15:39
we must do better.
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15:40
Thank you.
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謝謝
15:42
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
15:46
Thank you.
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謝謝
15:48
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
15:51
Thank you very much.
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非常感謝。
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Adam Foss - Juvenile justice reformerBy shifting his focus from incarceration to transforming lives, Adam Foss is reinventing the role of the criminal prosecutor.
Why you should listen
As Assistant District Attorney in the Juvenile Division of Suffolk County, Adam Foss has become one of Boston's leading voices for compassion in criminal justice. Recognizing that prosecutors have a unique opportunity to intervene in offender's lives, Foss co-founded the Roxbury CHOICE Program, a collaborative effort between defendants, the court, the probation department, and the D.A. to recast probation as a transformative experience rather than a punitive process.
In addition to his work with the DA's office, Foss is the founder of the SCDAO Reading Program, a project designed to bridge the achievement gap of area elementary school students.
Adam Foss | Speaker | TED.com