TEDGlobal 2017
Christian Rodríguez: What teen pregnancy looks like in Latin America
克里斯汀羅德里奎茲: 拉丁美洲未成年懷孕的狀況
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克里斯汀羅德里奎茲是攝影師、電影製作人、導演，也是未成年媽媽所生的兒子。過去五年，他記錄拉丁美洲的未成年懷孕，用親切且有尊嚴的方式去呈現未成年媽媽，最小的才 12 歲。在這場動人且視覺化的演說中，他分享了他的作品，並探究很年輕時就成為媽媽，如何讓女孩們被困在貧困與剝削的惡性循環中。
Christian Rodríguez - Documentary photographer
TED Fellow Christian Rodríguez explores themes related to gender and identity, working with communities all over the world. Full bio
TED Fellow Christian Rodríguez explores themes related to gender and identity, working with communities all over the world. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
For the last five years,
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過去五年間，
00:14
I have documented the lives
of teenage mothers in Latin America.
of teenage mothers in Latin America.
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我記錄了拉丁美洲
未成年媽媽的生活。
未成年媽媽的生活。
00:19
I started with a series of photographs
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我從拍攝一系列的照片開始，
00:22
about the moment of birth
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照片內容是出生的時刻，
00:24
in my country, Uruguay.
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在我的國家，烏拉圭。
00:29
(Video) (Screaming)
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（影片）（叫喊聲）
00:33
(Grunting)
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（呼嚕聲）
00:37
(Newborn crying)
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（新生兒哭聲）
00:50
I am the son of a teenage mother
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我是個未成年媽媽的兒子，
00:53
and my sister became
a teenage mother when she was 16.
a teenage mother when she was 16.
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我姐姐在十六歲時
也變成了未成年媽媽。
也變成了未成年媽媽。
00:57
I began exploring the theme
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我開始探索這個主題，
00:59
to better understand
myself and my origins.
myself and my origins.
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以進一步了解我自己和我的出身。
01:04
In developing countries,
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在開發中國家，
01:06
7.3 million girls under the age of 18
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每年有 730 萬名 18 歲以下的女孩
01:10
give birth each year.
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未成年生子。
01:13
Projections suggest
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預測指出，
01:14
that the teen pregnancy rate
in Latin America
in Latin America
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拉丁美洲的未成年懷孕率
01:17
will be the highest in the world
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在接下來的八十年間
01:19
for the next 80 years.
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會是全世界最高。
01:21
In Mexico, almost one in two
sexually active adolescents
sexually active adolescents
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在墨西哥，幾乎兩位
性活躍的青少女中就有一位
性活躍的青少女中就有一位
01:26
get pregnant between the ages
of 12 to 19 years old.
of 12 to 19 years old.
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在 12 歲到 19 歲間懷孕。
01:31
Teenage pregnancy
is not just about young pregnancies.
is not just about young pregnancies.
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未成年懷孕並不只是
年輕懷孕的問題。
年輕懷孕的問題。
01:35
It is about gender violence,
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它也是性別暴力問題，
01:37
physical, symbolic, psychological
and economic violence.
and economic violence.
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身體上的、象徵性的、精神上的、
和經濟上的暴力問題。
和經濟上的暴力問題。
01:43
Girls who become pregnant
before they are 18
before they are 18
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在 18 歲之前就懷孕的女孩
01:46
rarely achieve an adequate
standard of living.
standard of living.
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很少能達到足以
滿足需求的生活水平。
滿足需求的生活水平。
01:50
The pattern of poverty
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貧窮的模式
01:51
and limited access
to education and health care
to education and health care
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以及有限的教育機會和健康照護，
01:54
are a common thread
among teen pregnancies.
among teen pregnancies.
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是未成年懷孕常見的威脅。
01:57
If a girl in Latin America
gets pregnant before she is 16,
gets pregnant before she is 16,
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如果拉丁美洲的女孩
在 16 歲之前懷孕，
在 16 歲之前懷孕，
02:02
the risk of maternal death
increases fourfold
increases fourfold
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孕婦、產婦死亡風險
是二十多歲女性的四倍。
02:05
over a woman in their 20s.
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02:09
And somehow, in spite of all this,
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但，儘管有這樣的狀況，
02:12
motherhood also imparts a status
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母親身份也表示了社區中的
02:15
and a respect to the adolescent
in her community.
in her community.
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身份地位以及對青少女的尊敬。
02:20
Her child becomes her life project.
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她的孩子變成她的生活項目。
02:25
A high percentage of girls
under the age of 18 are single mothers,
under the age of 18 are single mothers,
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未滿 18 歲的媽媽中
有很高的比例是單親媽媽，
有很高的比例是單親媽媽，
02:29
as was my mother.
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我媽媽也是。
02:31
When I was learning to be a parent,
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當我學習成為父母時，
02:33
I began to focus on the relationship
between father and child,
between father and child,
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我開始把焦點放在父子關係上，
02:38
a subject rarely given much attention.
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這是很少被注意的題材。
02:42
I wanted to highlight the ways
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我想要強調
02:44
in which we need
to educate boys differently
to educate boys differently
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我們必須以不同的方式來教育男孩，
02:46
without turning them into macho men.
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不要長成大男人。
02:49
In some cases, families
send boys to school but not girls.
send boys to school but not girls.
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在一些案例中，家庭
只送男孩上學，女孩沒有。
只送男孩上學，女孩沒有。
02:54
The persistence of teen pregnancy
heightened the gender equity gap
heightened the gender equity gap
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持續不斷的未成年懷孕，
增加了性別平等的落差，
增加了性別平等的落差，
02:58
and the continued existence
of traditional roles.
of traditional roles.
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並讓傳統角色持續存在。
03:03
If we were to allow
equal opportunities to girls,
equal opportunities to girls,
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如果我們能給女孩平等的機會，
03:06
they could gain independence.
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她們就能獨立。
03:09
Educating girls is key
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關鍵是要讓女孩受教育，
03:12
to breaking cycles of teen pregnancies.
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這樣才能打破未成年懷孕的循環。
03:16
Girls getting pregnant
between the ages of 10 to 14
between the ages of 10 to 14
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在 10 歲到 14 歲之間懷孕的女孩，
03:20
are an extremely vulnerable population,
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是非常脆弱的族群，
03:23
and they can be easy prey
for men twice their age.
for men twice their age.
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她們可能成為年長兩倍
男人的犧牲品。
男人的犧牲品。
03:27
There are many cases of violence,
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有許多暴力、
03:29
incest and sexual abuse
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亂倫、性虐待的案例，
03:31
perpetrated against this group.
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發生在這個族群身上。
03:34
This is Gloria.
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這是葛洛莉亞。
03:36
She became a teen mother at the age of 12,
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她 12 歲時就成為未成年媽媽，
03:38
a result of the ongoing
abuse by her father,
abuse by her father,
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原因是她的父親不斷地虐待她，
03:41
who was also raping Gloria's two sisters,
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他也強暴了她的兩個姐妹，
03:44
ages 8 and 16.
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年齡 8 歲和 16 歲。
03:47
In this portrait,
she has butterflies in her hair,
she has butterflies in her hair,
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在這張照片中，她頭髮上的蝴蝶，
03:51
symbols of resurrection.
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是復活的象徵。
03:54
For me, it's extremely important
to portray this mother with dignity.
to portray this mother with dignity.
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對我來說，用有尊嚴的方式
來呈現這母親是極度重要的。
來呈現這母親是極度重要的。
04:00
Pregnancies among girls
younger than 15 is a growing trend,
younger than 15 is a growing trend,
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15 歲以下女孩
懷孕的趨勢正在成長，
懷孕的趨勢正在成長，
04:04
not only in Latin America,
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不只是在拉丁美洲，
04:05
but many developing
countries in the world.
countries in the world.
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世界上許多開發中國家也一樣。
04:09
Our region is marred
by bad social and cultural inequalities,
by bad social and cultural inequalities,
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我們的地區被糟糕的
社會與文化不平等給毀損，
社會與文化不平等給毀損，
04:14
and teen pregnancy
further increases this divide.
further increases this divide.
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而未成年懷孕又進一步增加了分化。
04:18
I am committing
to being part of the solution
to being part of the solution
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我承諾要為解決方案進一份力，
04:20
by making work that implicitly
and emphatically
and emphatically
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用我的作品來暗示及明示
04:23
calls for human rights for girls.
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女孩的人權需要被重視。
04:26
The day life projects
for boys and girls become similar,
for boys and girls become similar,
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當男孩與女孩的日常人生
變得相似的時候，
變得相似的時候，
04:32
teenage pregnancy will decrease.
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未成年懷孕將可以減少。
04:34
Thank you.
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謝謝。
04:35
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Christian Rodríguez - Documentary photographerTED Fellow Christian Rodríguez explores themes related to gender and identity, working with communities all over the world.
Why you should listen
Christian Rodríguez is developing two main long-term projects: "Teen Mom," about teenage pregnancy in Latin America; and a personal project on magical realism, the Latin American literary trend. His work has been exhibited in festivals all over the world, such as GetxoPhoto, PhotoEspaña, Paraty Em Foco, Photo Phnom Penh Festival, Photobook Bristol, Photoville and the "Bienal de Fotografía" of the "Centro de la Imagen" (Mexico), and it has been published internationally, including National Geographic, the New York Times, The Guardian, The New Yorker, The Washington Post, El Mundo and others.
In addition to his work as a photographer, Rodríguez is creator and director of SAN JOSE FOTO International festival in Uruguay. He has been awarded the Roberto Villagraz Scholarship of EFTI (Spain), Nuevo Talento Fnac (Spain), Ojo de Pez Human Rights First Prize (Spain) and Getty Instagram Grant 2016 among others. Rodríguez gives workshops and lectures in Latin America and Europe, and he is a member of Prime Collective. He became a TED Fellow in 2017.
Christian Rodríguez | Speaker | TED.com