Business Innovation Factory
Carne Ross: An independent diplomat
卡恩-羅斯(Carne Ross)：獨立外交組織
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在英國外交部度過15個年頭後，卡恩-羅斯現在是"約聘式外交員(freelance diplomat)"，並經營一家非常大膽的非營利企業，為那些尚小、還在發展中、未受到注意的國家，在國際上發聲。在這場BIF-5會議中，他提出一種能為小國家發聲的外交員型態，這種方式能改變國與國的疆界，同時迎接創新。
Carne Ross - Diplomat
Carne Ross is the founder of Independent Diplomat, a nonprofit that offers freelance diplomatic representation to small, developing and yet-unrecognized nations in the complex world of international negotiations. Full bio
Carne Ross is the founder of Independent Diplomat, a nonprofit that offers freelance diplomatic representation to small, developing and yet-unrecognized nations in the complex world of international negotiations. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
My story is a little bit about war.
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我的故事跟戰爭有點相關。
00:19
It's about disillusionment.
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是有關於夢想破滅。
00:21
It's about death.
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有關於死亡。
00:23
And it's about rediscovering
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也跟在破敗的環境中
00:25
idealism
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尋找理想
00:27
in all of that wreckage.
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有些關聯。
00:29
And perhaps also, there's a lesson
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也許，今天的這場演講
00:31
about how to deal with
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是有關於如何應付
00:33
our screwed-up, fragmenting
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在21世紀中的危機、
00:36
and dangerous world of the 21st century.
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和被我們搞砸的事情。
00:40
I don't believe in straightforward narratives.
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我才不相信單純平順的故事。
00:43
I don't believe in a life or history
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我才不相信在生命裡或歷史裡
00:45
written as decision "A" led to consequence "B"
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說做決定A就會導致結果B
00:48
led to consequence "C" --
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或是結果C，
00:50
these neat narratives that we're presented with,
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我們都聽過這種順利樂觀的故事，
00:52
and that perhaps we encourage in each other.
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或許這能鼓勵我們彼此向前。
00:55
I believe in randomness,
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但我相信生命是充滿隨機的，
00:57
and one of the reasons I believe that
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相信的理由是因為
00:59
is because me becoming a diplomat was random.
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我會成為外交官就是個意外。
01:02
I'm colorblind.
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我是個色盲。
01:04
I was born unable to see most colors.
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我生來就沒辦法看到大部分的色彩。
01:06
This is why I wear gray and black most of the time,
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這也就是為什麼我大多都穿著灰色或黑色的衣服，
01:09
and I have to take my wife with me
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我還必須帶著我老婆
01:11
to chose clothes.
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陪我去買衣服。
01:14
And I'd always wanted to be a fighter pilot when I was a boy.
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當我還小的時候，我總夢想當戰鬥機駕駛員。
01:17
I loved watching planes barrel over
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我喜歡看著戰鬥機
01:19
our holiday home in the countryside.
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從我那鄉下的渡假小屋上空飆過的樣子。
01:22
And it was my boyhood dream to be a fighter pilot.
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那就是我想成為戰鬥機駕駛員的原因。
01:25
And I did the tests in the Royal Air Force to become a pilot,
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我曾經參加英國皇家空軍的駕駛員考試，
01:28
and sure enough, I failed.
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沒意外的，我失敗了。
01:30
I couldn't see all the blinking different lights,
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因為我沒辦法辨識不同顏色的閃爍燈光，
01:32
and I can't distinguish color.
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我沒辦法區分顏色。
01:34
So I had to choose another career,
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所以，我必須選擇別的職業，
01:36
and this was in fact relatively easy for me,
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事實上，這對我而言就簡單多了，
01:39
because I had an abiding passion all the way through my childhood,
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因為我從孩童時期，
01:42
which was international relations.
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就對於國際關係非常有興趣。
01:44
As a child,
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當我還小時，
01:46
I read the newspaper thoroughly.
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我幾乎把報紙都翻爛了。
01:49
I was fascinated by the Cold War,
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我深深對冷戰著迷，
01:51
by the INF negotiations
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還有銷毀中短程核子飛彈的
01:53
over intermediate-range nuclear missiles,
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INF協商會議(Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces)
01:56
the proxy war between the Soviet Union and the U.S.
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還有蘇聯和美國之間
01:59
in Angola or Afghanistan.
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在安哥拉或阿富汗的代理人戰爭(proxy war)。
02:02
These things really interested me.
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這些事情真的非常吸引我。
02:05
And so I decided quite at an early age
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所以我在很年輕的時候
02:07
I wanted to be a diplomat.
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就決定要當外交官。
02:09
And I, one day, I announced this to my parents --
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所以，某天，我把這件事告訴我的父母，
02:12
and my father denies this story to this day --
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而我父親非常反對，
02:14
I said, "Daddy, I want to be a diplomat."
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我說："爸，我想成為外交官"
02:16
And he turned to me, and he said,
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他面對我，然後說：
02:18
"Carne, you have to be very clever to be a diplomat."
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"卡恩，你必須夠聰明才能當外交官阿"
02:20
(Laughter)
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(笑)
02:22
And my ambition was sealed.
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這讓我更確定了志向。
02:25
In 1989,
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1989年，
02:27
I entered the British Foreign Service.
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我進入英國外交部工作(British Foreign Service)。
02:30
That year, 5,000 people applied to become a diplomat,
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在那年，有5000人申請成為外交官，
02:32
and 20 of us succeeded.
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只有20人錄取。
02:35
And as those numbers suggest,
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這個錄取人數意味著，
02:38
I was inducted into an elite
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我被歸納為精英的一份子，
02:41
and fascinating and exhilarating world.
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同時也進入一個迷人且令人振奮的世界。
02:45
Being a diplomat, then and now,
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過去和今日相較，外交官是個超棒的工作，
02:47
is an incredible job, and I loved every minute of it --
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我超愛在裡面工作的分分秒秒。
02:50
I enjoyed the status of it.
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我享受著所有的事件。
02:52
I bought myself a nice suit and wore leather-soled shoes
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我給自己買了件高級西裝，穿著皮鞋
02:55
and reveled in
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準備陶醉於
02:57
this amazing access I had to world events.
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我在世界大事裡所能持有的特權。
03:00
I traveled to the Gaza Strip.
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我曾到過加薩走廊(Gaza Strip)。
03:02
I headed the Middle East Peace Process section
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我曾主持英國外交部裡面的
03:04
in the British Foreign Ministry.
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中東和平進程部門。
03:06
I became a speechwriter
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我也曾是英國外交祕書室的
03:08
for the British Foreign Secretary.
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對外發言人。
03:10
I met Yasser Arafat.
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我曾和亞西爾-阿拉法特見過面。(註：巴勒斯坦領袖)
03:12
I negotiated
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我曾在聯合國會議上
03:14
with Saddam's diplomats at the U.N.
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和海珊的外交官談判。
03:17
Later, I traveled to Kabul
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後來，在塔利班倒台之後，
03:19
and served in Afghanistan after the fall of the Taliban.
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我即前往阿富汗首都--喀布爾服務。
03:22
And I would travel
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我曾搭乘
03:24
in a C-130 transport
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C-130軍用運輸機
03:27
and go and visit warlords
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去跟躲藏在深山
03:29
in mountain hideaways
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的軍事領袖會面，
03:31
and negotiate with them
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和他們討論有關
03:33
about how we were going to eradicate Al Qaeda from Afghanistan,
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如何剷除阿富汗境內的蓋達基地組織，
03:36
surrounded by my Special Forces escort,
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當時有一批特種部隊當我的護衛，
03:39
who, themselves, had to have an escort of a platoon of Royal Marines,
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他們來自英國皇家海軍陸戰隊的一個排，
03:42
because it was so dangerous.
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因為當時的情況很危險。
03:44
And that was exciting -- that was fun.
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這超讓人興奮，太好玩了。
03:47
It was really interesting.
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真的很有意思。
03:49
And it's a great cadre of people,
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他們是菁英中的菁英，
03:51
incredibly close-knit community of people.
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極度團結的一群人。
03:54
And the pinnacle of my career, as it turned out,
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而最後，我職涯的最頂端
03:57
was when I was posted to New York.
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是我被派駐到紐約的時候。
04:00
I'd already served in Germany, Norway,
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在那之前我已經待過德國、挪威，
04:02
various other places,
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許多不同的地方，
04:04
but I was posted to New York
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我被派駐到紐約
04:06
to serve on the U.N. Security Council for the British delegation.
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是以英國代表身分參加聯合國安全理事會。
04:09
And my responsibility was the Middle East,
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我負責的區域是中東，
04:11
which was my specialty.
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那同時也是我的專精處。
04:13
And there, I dealt with things
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我處理的事務有....
04:15
like the Middle East peace process,
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像是中東和平流程，
04:17
the Lockerbie issue --
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洛克比事件..(註：Lockerbie issue，發生蘇格蘭南端小鎮的事件)
04:19
we can talk about that later, if you wish --
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若各位想聽，我待會再來談這件事
04:22
but above all, my responsibility was Iraq
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在安理會中，我負責伊拉克的事務
04:24
and its weapons of mass destruction
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它擁有龐大的毀滅性性武器，
04:26
and the sanctions we placed on Iraq
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而聯合國決議制裁伊拉克
04:28
to oblige it to disarm itself of these weapons.
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以強迫它自行拆除這些武器。
04:32
I was the chief British negotiator
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我成為這個專案裡面的
04:34
on the subject,
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英國談判代表，
04:36
and I was steeped in the issue.
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同時我也被這件事情所牽絆。
04:39
And anyway,
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總而言之，
04:42
my tour -- it was kind of a very exciting time.
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我的人生旅程，是非常刺激的。
04:45
I mean it was very dramatic diplomacy.
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這是非常戲劇性的外交過程。
04:48
We went through several wars
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當我在紐約駐守的時候
04:50
during my time in New York.
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我們就經歷過了許多戰爭事件。
04:53
I negotiated for my country
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在2001年9月12日的安全理事會
04:55
the resolution in the Security Council
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我代表英國
04:57
of the 12th of September 2001
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與各國代表協商一份決議，
04:59
condemning the attacks of the day before,
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內容是譴責在前一天的攻擊行為(註：911事件)，
05:02
which were, of course, deeply present to us
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當然，這件事深深影響著
05:04
actually living in New York at the time.
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我當時在紐約的生活情形。
05:07
So it was kind of the best of time, worst of times
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所以說我在紐約度過了最美好的時光，
05:09
kind of experience.
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也有一些非常糟糕的回憶。
05:11
I lived the high-life.
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我生活品質其實不錯。
05:13
Although I worked very long hours,
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雖然我工作時數很長，
05:15
I lived in a penthouse in Union Square.
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不過我住在聯合廣場附近的閣樓。
05:17
I was a single British diplomat in New York City;
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又是個在紐約的單身英國外交官，
05:20
you can imagine what that might have meant.
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你大概可以想像到我會遭遇怎樣的事情。
05:22
(Laughter)
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(笑)
05:25
I had a good time.
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那時候是玩的很開心。
05:27
But in 2002,
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不過，在2002年，
05:29
when my tour came to an end,
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當我在紐約的任務即將結束時，
05:32
I decided I wasn't going to go back
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我就決定，
05:35
to the job that was waiting for me in London.
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不接受一份在倫敦的工作。
05:37
I decided to take a sabbatical,
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我決定來一次學術性的休假，
05:39
in fact, at the New School, Bruce.
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我在新學院大學(New School)裡修業。
05:42
In some inchoate, inarticulate way
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有點說不太上來，
05:45
I realized that there was something wrong
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我感覺到我的工作、我自己本身
05:47
with my work, with me.
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有些不對勁的地方。
05:49
I was exhausted,
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我累壞了，
05:51
and I was also disillusioned
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我突然醒悟了，
05:53
in a way I couldn't quite put my finger on.
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但我沒辦法明確的說出為什麼。
05:55
And I decided to take some time out from work.
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我決定暫時從工作中抽身。
05:58
The Foreign Office was very generous.
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外交部也非常慷慨。
06:00
You could take these special unpaid leave, as they called them,
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他們告訴我，我能享有特別的無薪假，
06:02
and yet remain part of the diplomatic service, but not actually do any work.
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同時還可繼續享有部分的外交人員的權益，但不用作任何工作。
06:05
It was nice.
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真是令人愉快。
06:07
And eventually, I decided
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最後，我決定
06:09
to take a secondment to join the U.N. in Kosovo,
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接下一份臨時調派的任務，
06:14
which was then under U.N. administration.
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加入聯合國在關於科索沃事件的管理群。
06:17
And two things happened in Kosovo,
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這時候發生了2件事，
06:19
which kind of, again,
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就像剛才所提到的
06:21
shows the randomness of life,
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人生中的隨機性，
06:23
because these things turned out to be
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因為這2件事情成為了
06:25
two of the pivots of my life
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改變我生命的支點，
06:27
and helped to deliver me to the next stage.
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同時也幫助我思考人生的下一階段。
06:30
But they were random things.
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完全出乎我的意料之外。
06:32
One was that, in the summer of 2004,
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第一件事，發生在2004年的夏天，
06:35
the British government, somewhat reluctantly,
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英國政府，有點不情願地
06:37
decided to have an official inquiry
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提出一份官方調查
06:39
into the use of intelligence on WMD
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要調查開啟伊拉克戰爭的緣由，
06:41
in the run up to the Iraq War,
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也就是當時關於大規模毀滅性武器的情報，
06:44
a very limited subject.
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一個非常機密的內容。
06:46
And I testified to that inquiry in secret.
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我秘密地為這次調查作證。
06:49
I had been steeped in the intelligence on Iraq
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由於我過去對伊拉克的情報非常了解，
06:52
and its WMD,
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還有它的大規模毀滅性武器，
06:54
and my testimony to the inquiry said three things:
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我在作證時說了3件事情：
06:57
that the government exaggerated the intelligence,
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第一，政府過度誇大了情報內容，
07:00
which was very clear in all the years I'd read it.
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就從我過去所得知的內容來看。
07:03
And indeed, our own internal assessment was very clear
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老實說，我們內部的調查資料內容非常清楚的指出，
07:06
that Iraq's WMD
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伊拉克持有的"大規模毀滅性武器"
07:08
did not pose a threat to its neighbors, let alone to us.
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並沒有威脅到週遭鄰國，更不用說我們了。
07:11
Secondly, the government had ignored all available alternatives to war,
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第二，政府忽略了所有戰爭以外的替代方案，
07:14
which in some ways
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從某些角度來看
07:16
was a more discreditable thing still.
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這非常的可恥。
07:19
The third reason, I won't go into.
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第三，我不要加入調查小組。
07:21
But anyway, I gave that testimony,
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無論如何，我這次出來作證，
07:23
and that presented me with a crisis.
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就等於是把我自己曝露在危機之下。
07:25
What was I going to do?
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而我正在這麼做。
07:27
This testimony was deeply critical of my colleagues,
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在我看來這次作證會危害到那些
07:30
of my ministers, who had, in my view
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為了引起這次戰爭而捏造數據的
07:32
had perpetrated a war on a falsehood.
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同事和長官。
07:35
And so I was in crisis.
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所以我也身處在危機中。
07:37
And this wasn't a pretty thing.
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這不是什麼好事。
07:39
I moaned about it, I hesitated,
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我開始感到悲嘆，也考慮了很久，
07:41
I went on and on and on to my long-suffering wife,
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我和長期陪著我受苦的妻子討論過後，
07:45
and eventually I decided to resign from the British Foreign Service.
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最後，我決定辭去英國外交部的工作。
07:48
I felt -- there's a scene in the Al Pacino movie "The Insider," which you may know,
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我覺得，這場景就好像艾爾-帕西諾演的電影"驚爆內幕"一樣，
07:52
where he goes back to CBS
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電影裡，當CBS電視台決定停撥香菸公司內部人員的爆料節目後，
07:54
after they've let him down over the tobacco guy,
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男主角回到CBS公司，
07:57
and he goes, "You know, I just can't do this anymore. Something's broken."
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說："我幹不下去了，這件事情有問題"。
08:00
And it was like that for me. I love that movie.
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這情況跟我很像。我好愛這部電影。
08:02
I felt just something's broken.
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我就是感覺到有點不對勁。
08:04
I can't actually sit with my foreign minister
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我就是沒辦法再跟外交部長坐在一起，
08:06
or my prime minister again with a smile on my face
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或是再看到總理對著我微笑
08:08
and do what I used to do gladly for them.
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然後做出讓他們開心的事情。
08:11
So took a running leap
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這就好像是準備
08:14
and jumped over the edge of a cliff.
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要飛躍過懸岩邊緣一樣。
08:17
And it was a very, very uncomfortable, unpleasant feeling.
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非常非常的令人不安，令人不愉快。
08:21
And I started to fall.
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我感到非常失落。
08:23
And today, that fall hasn't stopped;
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直到今天，這股失落感還沒停止，
08:26
I'm still falling.
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我仍然處於一個低潮期。
08:28
But, in a way, I've got used to the sensation of it.
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不過，一方面來看，我已經漸漸習慣了這種低潮。
08:31
And in a way, I kind of like
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從另一方面來看，我
08:33
the sensation of it a lot better
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挺喜歡這種感覺，
08:35
than I like actually standing on top of the cliff,
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喜歡的程度還勝過那種高高在上、
08:37
wondering what to do.
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能隨心所欲的時候。
08:39
A second thing happened in Kosovo,
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第二件事，發生在科索沃，
08:41
which kind of -- I need a quick gulp of water, forgive me.
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那是一件..我需要喝點水，不好意思。
08:46
A second thing happened in Kosovo,
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第二件事，發生在科索沃，
08:48
which kind of delivered the answer,
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是關於追尋一個問題的答案，
08:50
which I couldn't really answer,
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我真的不知道答案為何，
08:53
which is, "What do I do with my life?"
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這問題就是：我這一生到底做了什麼?
08:57
I love diplomacy --
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我喜歡外交事務。
08:59
I have no career --
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我沒做過其他工作。
09:01
I expected my entire life to be a diplomat, to be serving my country.
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我希望我的一生都做外交官，為我的國家服務。
09:04
I wanted to be an ambassador,
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我希望能成為外交大使，
09:06
and my mentors, my heroes,
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我的導師，我心目中的英雄，
09:08
people who got to the top of my profession,
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這些人是我外交職涯中追尋的目標，
09:10
and here I was throwing it all away.
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現在我必須捨棄這一切。
09:12
A lot of my friends were still in it.
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我有許多朋友在裡面工作。
09:14
My pension was in it.
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我的退休金還沒領。
09:16
And I gave it up.
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而這些我也都放棄了。
09:18
And what was I going to do?
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所以，那時候發生了什麼事呢?
09:20
And that year, in Kosovo,
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就在那年，在科索沃，
09:22
this terrible, terrible thing happened, which I saw.
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我遇見了非常非常糟糕的事情。
09:25
In March 2004, there were terrible riots
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在2004年3月，有場非常恐怖的暴亂
09:27
all over the province -- as it then was -- of Kosovo.
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發生在科索沃的所有省份，
09:30
18 people were killed.
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當時有18個人被殺害。
09:32
It was anarchy.
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同時進入了無政府狀態。
09:34
And it's a very horrible thing to see anarchy,
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在無政府狀態下最可怕的事情，
09:36
to know that the police and the military --
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就是看到警察和軍隊....
09:38
there were lots of military troops there --
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當時還有很多軍隊駐守，
09:40
actually can't stop that rampaging mob
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最可怕的，就是他們沒辦法阻止
09:42
who's coming down the street.
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蜂擁到街上的狂亂暴民。
09:44
And the only way that rampaging mob coming down the street will stop
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阻止暴民繼續蜂擁到街上的唯一辦法
09:47
is when they decide to stop
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就是等他們覺得燒殺擄掠已經做夠了
09:49
and when they've had enough burning and killing.
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他們才會停下來。
09:51
And that is not a very nice feeling to see, and I saw it.
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這聽起來感覺就不是很好的過程，而我看到了。
09:54
And I went through it. I went through those mobs.
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我經歷過這一切，我跟暴民接觸過。
09:57
And with my Albanian friends, we tried to stop it, but we failed.
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我試著阻止身邊阿爾巴尼亞裔的朋友，但都沒能成功。
10:00
And that riot taught me something,
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這場暴亂給了我一個啟示，
10:03
which isn't immediately obvious and it's kind of a complicated story.
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不是很明顯，同時也是個很複雜的故事。
10:06
But one of the reasons that riot took place --
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這場暴動會發生的其中一項原因，
10:08
those riots, which went on for several days, took place --
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這場持續好幾天的暴動事件，
10:10
was because the Kosovo people
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是因為科索沃的人民
10:12
were disenfranchised from their own future.
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認為他們未來的公民權被剝奪了。
10:16
There were diplomatic negotiations about the future of Kosovo
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當時有一場針對科索沃未來的外交協商會議
10:19
going on then,
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正在進行，
10:21
and the Kosovo government, let alone the Kosovo people,
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而科索沃的自治政府，
10:23
were not actually
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根本沒參予到這次的會議，
10:25
participating in those talks.
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更不用說科索沃的人民了。
10:27
There was this whole fancy diplomatic system,
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這一整個是感覺自我良好的外交體制，
10:30
this negotiation process about the future of Kosovo,
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這是一場有關科索沃未來的協商會議，
10:33
and the Kosovars weren't part of it.
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結果現場根本沒有科索沃的代表。
10:35
And funnily enough, they were frustrated about that.
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這種奇怪的會議，讓他們感到非常失望。
10:38
Those riots were part of the manifestation of that frustration.
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這場暴動有一部份就是這種失落感的宣洩。
10:41
It wasn't the only reason,
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這件事情當然不是這麼單純的原因，
10:43
and life is not simple, one reason narratives.
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人生也不是單純的故事。
10:45
It was a complicated thing,
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它其實是很複雜的，
10:47
and I'm not pretending it was more simple than it was.
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我無法假裝這件事情比表面上來的簡單。
10:49
But that was one of the reasons.
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但這是其中一項重要的原因。
10:51
And that kind of gave me the inspiration --
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所以這給我了某種靈感，
10:53
or rather to be precise,
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或更精確的來說，
10:55
it gave my wife the inspiration.
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是給了我老婆某種靈感。
10:57
She said, "Why don't you advise the Kosovars?
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她對我說："你怎麼不給予科索沃的人建議呢?"
11:00
Why don't you advise their government on their diplomacy?"
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"你怎麼不給科索沃政府的外交人員一些建議呢?"
11:03
And the Kosovars were not allowed a diplomatic service.
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其實，科索沃是不被允許有外交單位的。
11:05
They were not allowed diplomats.
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他們不被允許有外交人員。
11:07
They were not allowed a foreign office
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他們不被允許有外國單位
11:09
to help them deal with this immensely complicated process,
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來幫助他們處理這極其複雜的
11:12
which became known as the Final Status Process of Kosovo.
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科索沃最終定位(Final Status Process of Kosovo)。
11:15
And so that was the idea.
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靈感就這樣來了。
11:17
That was the origin of the thing that became Independent Diplomat,
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這就是獨立外交組織(Independent Diplomat)的最初構想，
11:19
the world's first diplomatic advisory group
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這是世界上第一個
11:22
and a non-profit to boot.
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非營利的外交顧問團。
11:24
And it began when I flew back from London
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這組織的起始點，就在我結束聯合國在科索沃的事件後，
11:27
after my time at the U.N. in Kosovo.
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回到倫敦之時。
11:30
I flew back and had dinner with the Kosovo prime minister and said to him,
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當時我與科索沃的總理共用晚餐，並對他說：
11:33
"Look, I'm proposing that I come and advise you on the diplomacy.
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"嘿，我打算在外交事務上給予你協助，
11:36
I know this stuff. It's what I do. Why don't I come and help you?"
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我對這些事情瞭若指掌，我有什麼不幫你的理由呢?"
11:39
And he raised his glass of raki to me and said,
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他舉起裝滿葡萄酒的杯子，並說：
11:41
"Yes, Carne. Come."
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"卡恩，就拜託你了"
11:43
And I came to Kosovo
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所以我就前往科索沃
11:45
and advised the Kosovo government.
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並給予科索沃政府各種建言。
11:47
Independent Diplomat ended up advising three successive Kosovo prime ministers
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獨立外交組織，最後連續協助了三任的柯索沃總理，
11:50
and the multi-party negotiation team of Kosovo.
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同時也在科索沃黨派之間的協商給予協助。
11:53
And Kosovo became independent.
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科索沃變得獨立起來。
11:56
Independent Diplomat is now established
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獨立外交組織，目前在全世界
11:59
in five diplomatic centers around the world,
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有5個外交中心，
12:01
and we're advising seven or eight
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目前接受我們諮詢的
12:03
different countries, or political groups,
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有7、8個國家，或者說是政治團體，
12:06
depending on how you wish to define them --
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端看你怎麼去定義他們，
12:08
and I'm not big on definitions.
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我對此不太在意。
12:10
We're advising the Northern Cypriots on how to reunify their island.
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我們給予北塞普勒斯人關於如何統一島嶼的建言。(註：土耳其南方的島嶼)
12:13
We're advising the Burmese opposition,
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我們給予緬甸在野黨建言(註：在野黨提倡民主化)，
12:15
the government of Southern Sudan,
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而蘇丹的南方政府..
12:17
which -- you heard it here first --
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你可能是第一次聽到這個，
12:19
is going to be a new country within the next few years.
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蘇丹南方即將在數年內成立一個新國家。
12:23
We're advising the Polisario Front of the Western Sahara,
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我們也給予西撒哈拉的波利薩里奧陣線(Polisario Front)建言，
12:26
who are fighting to get their country back
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這游擊隊組織是為了奪回
12:28
from Moroccan occupation
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被摩洛哥侵占
12:30
after 34 years of dispossession.
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34年的地區。
12:33
We're advising various island states in the climate change negotiations,
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我們還為許多海島國家在氣候變遷談判會議中發聲，
12:36
which is suppose to culminate
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這會議就是
12:38
in Copenhagen.
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不久前在哥本哈根結束的會議。
12:41
There's a bit of randomness here too
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這其中還有一件意料外的事情發生了，
12:43
because, when I was beginning Independent Diplomat,
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因為，當我剛創立獨立外交組織時，
12:45
I went to a party in the House of Lords,
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我參加在英國上議院的某個聚會，
12:47
which is a ridiculous place,
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一個荒謬可笑的地方，
12:49
but I was holding my drink like this, and I bumped into
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我像這樣拿著我的杯子，
12:51
this guy who was standing behind me.
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然後撞見了一位站在我後方的一位男士。
12:53
And we started talking, and he said --
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我們開始聊天，他說........
12:55
I told him what I was doing,
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我有先跟他說我目前的事業，
12:57
and I told him rather grandly
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我隆重的告訴他
12:59
I was going to establish Independent Diplomat in New York.
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我將在紐約成立獨立外交組織。
13:01
At that time there was just me --
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當時現場只有我，
13:03
and me and my wife were moving back to New York.
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而我和我老婆都即將前往紐約。
13:05
And he said, "Why don't you see my colleagues in New York?"
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然後這位男士說："你何不跟我在紐約的同事見個面呢?"
13:08
And it turned out
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沒想到
13:10
he worked for an innovation company called ?What If!,
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這個人是在一家創投公司工作，名為"這樣會怎樣(?What If!)"
13:12
which some of you have probably heard of.
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在場的各位可能聽過這家公司。
13:14
And one thing led to another,
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事情就這樣接二連三的發生了，
13:16
and I ended up having a desk
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當我在開創獨立外交組織時，
13:18
in ?What If! in New York,
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我在"這樣會怎樣"
13:20
when I started Independent Diplomat.
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也有了一張辦公桌。
13:22
And watching ?What If!
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我看到"這樣會怎樣"
13:24
develop new flavors of chewing gum for Wrigley
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開發了箭牌口香糖的新口味，
13:26
or new flavors for Coke
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或是開發了可口可樂的新口味，
13:28
actually helped me innovate
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實際上，這些事情也幫助我
13:30
new strategies for the Kosovars
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擬定科索沃、西薩哈拉居民
13:32
and for the Saharawis of the Western Sahara.
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的創新策略。
13:35
And I began to realize that there are different ways of doing diplomacy --
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我開始意識到，要做的事情應該要跟過去的外交工作不同，
13:38
that diplomacy, like business,
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這種外交，就像經營企業一樣，
13:40
is a business of solving problems,
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我成立的是一種能解決問題的企業，
13:42
and yet the word innovation doesn't exist in diplomacy;
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而還未有名詞出現在這種外交的領域上，
13:45
it's all zero sum games and realpolitik
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這會是一種零和賽局和現實政治(realpolitik)，
13:48
and ancient institutions that have been there for generations
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在這古老的傳統外交機構中，
13:51
and do things the same way they've always done things.
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我們一直在用同樣方式做事。
13:54
And Independent Diplomat, today,
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而今日，獨立外交組織，
13:56
tries to incorporate some of the things I learned at ?What If!.
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試著去兼併我在"這樣會怎樣"所學到的東西。
13:59
We all sit in one office and shout at each other across the office.
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我們會在同一個辦公室裡，然後對著彼此大叫。
14:02
We all work on little laptops and try to move desks to change the way we think.
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我們都用小筆電工作，不停換座位來激盪腦力。
14:05
And we use naive experts
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我們雇用沒經驗的員工，
14:07
who may know nothing about the countries we're dealing with,
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這些員工對這些國家的情況一無所知，
14:10
but may know something about something else
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但，也因此他們
14:12
to try to inject new thinking
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能為這些問題的解決方案
14:14
into the problems
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注入新思維，
14:16
that we try to address for our clients.
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而這正是我們希望傳達給顧客的。
14:18
It's not easy, because our clients, by definition,
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這並不容易，因為很明顯的，
14:20
are having a difficult time, diplomatically.
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我們的客戶正在經歷外交上的艱困時刻。
14:25
There are, I don't know,
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在這裡..我不太清楚.....
14:27
some lessons from all of this,
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但我認為是有學到了一些
14:30
personal and political --
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有關人際和政治的東西，
14:32
and in a way, they're the same thing.
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在某種程度上，是同一件事。
14:35
The personal one
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在人際關係上
14:37
is falling off a cliff
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我掉到了谷底
14:39
is actually a good thing, and I recommend it.
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我想這是件好事。
14:43
And it's a good thing to do at least once in your life
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這至少是在人生中唯一
14:45
just to tear everything up and jump.
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捨棄所有東西卻還有好處的一次。
14:49
The second thing is a bigger lesson about the world today.
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第二件事，是關於當今世界的重大議題。
14:52
Independent Diplomat is part of a trend
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獨立外交組織是趨勢的一部份，
14:55
which is emerging and evident across the world,
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是一種世界各地都顯而易見的趨勢，
14:58
which is that the world is fragmenting.
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這趨勢就是，國家的分裂。
15:01
States mean less than they used to,
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國家的重要性已經不如以往，
15:04
and the power of the state is declining.
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國家的力量正在衰弱。
15:06
That means the power of others things is rising.
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這意味著其他力量的抬頭。
15:08
Those other things are called non-state actors.
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這種力量稱為非國家組織(non-state actors)。
15:10
They may be corporations,
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這種組織，也許是一家公司，
15:12
they may be mafiosi, they may be nice NGOs,
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也許是黑手黨，也許是個傑出的非營利組織。
15:15
they may anything,
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也許是任何型態的組織，
15:17
any number of things.
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或是任何一群人。
15:19
We are living in a more complicated and fragmented world.
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我們目前生活在這個複雜而且又破碎的世界。
15:22
If governments are less able
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如果政府
15:24
to affect the problems
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沒辦法解決
15:26
that affect us in the world,
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與我們息息相關的問題，
15:29
then that means, who is left to deal with them,
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那就得要問，誰要來應付這問題，
15:32
who has to take greater responsibility to deal with them?
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誰願意擔負起處理這些問題的責任?
15:34
Us.
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就是我們。
15:36
If they can't do it, who's left to deal with it?
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若政府做不到，誰還能做得到?
15:39
We have no choice but to embrace that reality.
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我們別無選擇，只能接受這個事實。
15:42
What this means is
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這意味著
15:44
it's no longer good enough
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我們不能再講說國際關係、
15:47
to say that international relations, or global affairs,
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全球事務、索馬利亞的混亂
15:50
or chaos in Somalia,
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或是緬甸國內的事件等等，都不管你的事，
15:52
or what's going on in Burma is none of your business,
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然後講說
15:55
and that you can leave it to governments to get on with.
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這些都是可以丟給政府去處理的問題。
15:58
I can connect any one of you
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透過六度分隔理論(任兩人，平均經過六人聯系就能扯上關係)，
16:00
by six degrees of separation
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我能將在場的任何一位
16:02
to the Al-Shabaab militia in Somalia.
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與索馬利亞的青年黨民兵作關係連結。
16:05
Ask me how later, particularly if you eat fish, interestingly enough,
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可以待會再問我要怎麼辦到，若你有興趣的話，
16:09
but that connection is there.
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但這真的可以做到。
16:11
We are all intimately connected.
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我們彼此都有著密切的關係。
16:13
And this isn't just Tom Friedman,
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不只是湯姆-傅萊德曼(Tom Friedman)
16:15
it's actually provable in case after case after case.
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透過一個又一個案例來陳述的現象。
16:18
What that means is, instead of asking your politicians to do things,
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不該要求自己支持的政客去做什麼，
16:21
you have to look to yourself to do things.
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而應該是端看自己能做到什麼。
16:24
And Independent Diplomat is a kind of example of this
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獨立外交組織就是這樣的一個組織
16:26
in a sort of loose way.
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自由的組織。
16:28
There aren't neat examples, but one example is this:
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這樣的舉例有點糢糊，或許我該這樣講：
16:31
the way the world is changing
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世界正在改變，
16:33
is embodied in what's going on at the place I used to work --
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而我過去工作的機關也應該跟著改變，
16:35
the U.N. Security Council.
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這機關就是聯合國安全理事會。
16:37
The U.N. was established in 1945.
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聯合國在1945年成立。
16:40
Its charter is basically designed
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這組織的成立基礎章程
16:42
to stop conflicts between states --
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就是要調停國與國之間的衝突，
16:44
interstate conflict.
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或是國內衝突。
16:46
Today, 80 percent of the agenda
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今日，在聯合國安全理事會裡
16:48
of the U.N. Security Council
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有80%的討論議題
16:50
is about conflicts within states,
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都跟國與國之間的衝突有關，
16:52
involving non-state parties --
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其中也包括了非國家團體的衝突事件，
16:54
guerillas, separatists,
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像是游擊隊，分離主義分子，
16:56
terrorists, if you want to call them that,
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恐怖分子，若你想這樣稱呼這些人的話，
16:58
people who are not normal governments, who are not normal states.
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這些人都是非政府官員，也都是非正式的國家。
17:01
That is the state of the world today.
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這就是今日的世界。
17:04
When I realized this,
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當我了解到這點時，
17:06
and when I look back on my time at the Security Council
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我回頭看當時在安全理事會的時光，
17:09
and what happened with the Kosovars,
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還有在科索沃所發生的事件，
17:11
and I realize that often
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我感覺到
17:13
the people who were most directly affected
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這些團體最直接被影響的來源是，
17:15
by what we were doing in the Security Council
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那些我們在安全理事會的所做所為，
17:17
weren't actually there, weren't actually invited
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他們不在安理會會議現場，
17:19
to give their views to the Security Council,
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他們沒被邀請到會議現場陳述意見，
17:21
I thought, this is wrong.
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我認為，這是錯的。
17:23
Something's got to be done about this.
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必須針對這點做些什麼。
17:25
So I started off in a traditional mode.
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所以，一開始我們還是依循傳統的模式。
17:28
Me and my colleagues at Independent Diplomat
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我和我的同事
17:30
went around the U.N. Security Council.
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造訪了聯合國安全理事會。
17:32
We went around 70 U.N. member states --
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我們造訪了理事會裡的70個會員國，
17:34
the Kazaks, the Ethiopians, the Israelis --
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哈薩克人，衣索比亞人，以色列人
17:36
you name them, we went to see them --
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像是這些人，
17:38
the secretary general, all of them,
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我們和這些國家的秘書長會面，
17:40
and said, "This is all wrong.
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說："現在的方式是錯的，
17:42
This is terrible that you don't consult these people who are actually affected.
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你們不諮詢那些真正會被你們政策影響的人，實在是太糟糕了。
17:44
You've got to institutionalize a system
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你們必須建立一套機制
17:46
where you actually invite the Kosovars
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讓科索沃地區的人民
17:48
to come and tell you what they think.
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能夠來到這裡頃訴他們的想法。
17:50
This will allow you to tell me -- you can tell them what you think.
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這同樣也能讓這些人民直接聽到你的想法。
17:52
It'll be great. You can have an exchange.
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這樣很棒阿。你們之間能有意見交換。
17:54
You can actually incorporate these people's views into your decisions,
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你們還能將這些人的意見併入你們決策中，
17:57
which means your decisions will be more effective and durable."
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這表示你們的決策會更有效和影響力更久。"
18:02
Super-logical, you would think.
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完美的邏輯。
18:04
I mean, incredibly logical. So obvious, anybody could get it.
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我是說，這麼棒的邏輯，很明顯的，誰都想的到。
18:06
And of course, everybody got it. Everybody went, "Yes, of course, you're absolutely right.
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當然，任何人都懂。聽完的人都這樣講："是的，當然，你是對的。
18:09
Come back to us
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不如，6個月後
18:11
in maybe six months."
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你再回到這裡一起討論"
18:13
And of course, nothing happened -- nobody did anything.
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結果，當然什麼事都沒發生。根本沒人這樣做。
18:16
The Security Council does its business
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當我十年前在這裡工作的時候，
18:18
in exactly the same way today
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安全理事會
18:20
that it did X number of years ago,
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就一直使用著
18:23
when I was there 10 years ago.
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不知道幾百年前的做事方法。
18:26
So we looked at that observation
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當我注意到
18:28
of basically failure
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這根本上的錯誤時，
18:30
and thought, what can we do about it.
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我就開始思考，我能做點什麼。
18:32
And I thought, I'm buggered
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而我又想到
18:34
if I'm going to spend the rest of my life
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若我將我的餘生
18:36
lobbying for these crummy governments
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都耗在遊說這些政府去做該做的事情，
18:38
to do what needs to be done.
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那我會累死。
18:40
So what we're going to do
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所以我們目前正在做的
18:42
is we're actually going to set up these meetings ourselves.
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就是建立各式各樣的見面會談。
18:44
So now, Independent Diplomat
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現在的獨立外交組織
18:46
is in the process of setting up meetings
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就是創造會談機會，
18:48
between the U.N. Security Council
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讓安全理事會
18:50
and the parties to the disputes
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和那些在理事會議程上受討論的群體
18:52
that are on the agenda of the Security Council.
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能互相見面對話。
18:55
So we will be bringing
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我們帶來了
18:57
Darfuri rebel groups,
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達佛反政府組織(註：蘇丹西部的組織)，
19:00
the Northern Cypriots and the Southern Cypriots,
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北塞普勒斯人和南塞普勒斯人，
19:04
rebels from Aceh,
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來自阿契地區(Archey)的叛軍，
19:07
and awful long laundry list
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這些是全世界造成混亂衝突的
19:09
of chaotic conflicts around the world.
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團體名單。
19:12
And we will be trying to bring the parties to New York
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我們會試著把這些團體帶到紐約，
19:15
to sit down in a quiet room
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準備一個安靜的房間
19:17
in a private setting with no press
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提供一場沒有媒體的面談，
19:19
and actually explain what they want
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讓這些團體能
19:21
to the members of the U. N. Security Council,
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訴說他們想對聯合國安理會成員講的話，
19:23
and for the members of the U.N. Security Council
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對於安理會的成員來說
19:25
to explain to them what they want.
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他們也能傳達自己的立場。
19:27
So there's actually a conversation,
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這會是一場對話，
19:29
which has never before happened.
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這種對話是過去從未發生的。
19:31
And of course, describing all this,
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當然，剛剛所描述的場景，
19:34
any of you who know politics will think this is incredibly difficult,
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在場只要稍微懂政治的都知道這超難做到，
19:37
and I entirely agree with you.
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我完全同意這種想法。
19:39
The chances of failure are very high,
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失敗的機率非常高，
19:42
but it certainly won't happen
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但若不去嘗試，
19:44
if we don't try to make it happen.
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這件事情就永遠不會發生。
19:47
And my politics has changed fundamentally
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從我當外交官開始，到現在為止的這段期間，
19:50
from when I was a diplomat to what I am today,
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我對政治的觀點就已經完全改變了，
19:52
and I think that outputs is what matters, not process,
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事件的結果才是最重要的，不是過程，
19:55
not technology, frankly, so much either.
487
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坦白說，也不需要高深技術。
19:58
Preach technology
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傳達新觀念的科技
20:00
to all the Twittering members of all the Iranian demonstrations
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像是那些使用推特(Twitter)的伊朗示威者
20:03
who are now in political prison in Tehran,
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現在都已經成為政治犯，
20:06
where Ahmadinejad remains in power.
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被關在由總統内賈德(Ahmadinejad)掌權的首都德黑蘭。
20:08
Technology has not delivered political change in Iran.
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科技不會傳達伊朗地區的政治變革。
20:12
You've got to look at the outputs, and you got to say to yourself,
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你必須專注於結果，同時要捫心自問：
20:15
"What can I do to produce that particular output?"
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"我要怎麼做才能有這樣不同的結果?"
20:17
That is the politics of the 21st century,
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這是21世紀的政治環境。
20:20
and in a way, Independent Diplomat
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從這點來看，獨立外交組織
20:22
embodies that fragmentation, that change,
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就是要呈現出那些圍繞在我們身邊的
20:25
that is happening to all of us.
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那些片段和變革。
20:29
That's my story. Thanks.
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這就是我的故事，謝謝各位。
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Carne Ross - DiplomatCarne Ross is the founder of Independent Diplomat, a nonprofit that offers freelance diplomatic representation to small, developing and yet-unrecognized nations in the complex world of international negotiations.
Why you should listen
Carne Ross was a member of the British diplomat corps for a decade and a half -- until a crisis of faith in the system drove him to go freelance. With his nonprofit, Independent Diplomat, he and a team advise small and developing nations without a diplomatic corps, as well as unrecognized nations that would otherwise lack a voice in negotiations on their own futures. His group helped advise the Kosovars in their quest for recognition as a nation, and with Croatia on its application to join the EU. They're now working with Southern Sudan as it approaches a vote to separate (a vote that, on Sept. 8, 2010, US Secretary of State Clinton called "inevitable").
As Ross said to Time magazine, when it profiled him in a 2008 story called "Innovators/Peacemakers": "Our work is based on the belief that everybody has a right to some say in the resolution of their issues." He's the author of the 2007 book Independent Diplomat: Dispatches from an Unaccountable Elite.
Carne Ross | Speaker | TED.com