ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Shigeru Ban - Architect
Most people look at cardboard tubes and see something fit for the recycling bin. But architect Shigeru Ban turns them into beautiful buildings.

Why you should listen

Shigeru Ban's architecture redefines aesthetics, space, structure and even the idea of permanence. In 1986, for the Alvar Aalto Exhibition near Tokyo, Ban experimented with constructing a building from long paper tubes, the kind found at textile factories. The tubes ended up being much stronger than he had imagined, and were easier to waterproof and fireproof than he had guessed. Ban created many experimental buildings in this vein -- from the Japanese Pavilion at Expo 2000 in Germany, which was meant to be recycled upon demolition, to an office for himself and his students set atop the Pompidou Centre in Paris, where they worked for six years.

But Ban's paper-tube designs have found another use -- as emergency shelters for those who have lost their homes in disasters and wars. In 1994, Ban created shelters for refugees in Rwanda. The next year, after an earthquake in Japan, he rebuilt a local church out of paper tubes that became a local fixture for 10 years. His designs -- both low-cost, and dignity-building -- have housed people affected by disasters in Taiwan, China, Haiti, Turkey and Sri Lanka. He helped develop a shelter system after the Japanese earthquake and tsunami of 2011.

The founder of Shigeru Ban Architects, Ban is the 2014 Pritzker Prize winner. He teaches at Kyoto University of Art and Design.

More profile about the speaker
Shigeru Ban | Speaker | TED.com
TEDxTokyo

Shigeru Ban: Emergency shelters made from paper

坂茂 (Shigeru Ban): 紙做的應急避難所

Filmed:
1,731,260 views

很久以前,當可持續性發展還沒成為一句流行語時,建築師坂茂 (Shigeru Ban) 已經開始用生態無害的建築材料,比如紙管和紙來進行他的實驗。他總是將那些卓越的建築結構應用在臨時住房上,他的建築設計旨在幫助那些無依無靠的受災國家,比如海地,盧旺達或日本。然而,當那些建築實現了它們預期目的之後,同樣的,它們也被作為景觀的令人心愛的一部分而長久保留下來。(影片攝於TEDxTokyo)
- Architect
Most people look at cardboard tubes and see something fit for the recycling bin. But architect Shigeru Ban turns them into beautiful buildings. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
Hi你好. I am an architect建築師.
0
359
1649
大家好!我是一個建築師。
00:14
I am the only architect建築師 in the world世界
1
2008
2448
我也是世界上唯一用這樣的紙管
00:16
making製造 buildings房屋 out of paper like this cardboard紙板 tube,
2
4456
3316
來作建築的建築師,
00:19
and this exhibition展覽 is the first one I did
3
7772
2566
這是我第一個
00:22
using運用 paper tubes.
4
10338
1508
用紙管做的展覽。
00:23
1986, much, much longer before people started開始 talking
5
11846
4425
1986年,當年還沒有很多人在討論
00:28
about ecological生態 issues問題 and environmental環境的 issues問題,
6
16271
4203
有關生態與環境的議題的時候,
00:32
I just started開始 testing測試 the paper tube
7
20474
3290
我就開始測試,
00:35
in order訂購 to use this as a building建造 structure結構體.
8
23764
2735
用紙管來作建築架構。
00:38
It's very complicated複雜 to test測試 the new material材料 for the building建造,
9
26499
5153
嘗試用新的物料去做建築
是一件很複雜的事情,
00:43
but this is much stronger than I expected預期,
10
31652
2498
不過這比我想像中堅固,
00:46
and also it's very easy簡單 to waterproof防水,
11
34150
2212
而且它非常防水,
00:48
and also, because it's industrial產業 material材料,
12
36362
1895
因為它是工業用的物料,
00:50
it's also possible可能 to fireproof防火.
13
38257
2703
它又能防火。
00:52
Then I built內置 the temporary臨時 structure結構體, 1990.
14
40960
3833
1990 年,我建造了一個臨時的建構。
00:56
This is the first temporary臨時 building建造 made製作 out of paper.
15
44793
3007
這是第一個用紙建造出來的臨時建築。
00:59
There are 330 tubes, diameter直徑 55 [centimeters公分],
16
47800
4070
那裡用了 330 支直徑 55(公分)的紙管,
01:03
there are only 12 tubes with a diameter直徑
17
51870
1642
還有 12 支 120 公分直徑,
01:05
of 120 centimeters公分, or four feet, wide.
18
53512
2770
大約是四尺寬的管子。
01:08
As you see it in the photo照片, inside is the toilet廁所.
19
56282
2620
就像你所看到的這一張照片,裡面是一間厠所。
01:10
In case案件 you're finished with toilet廁所 paper,
20
58902
2651
假設你用完了衛生紙,
01:13
you can tear眼淚 off the inside of the wall. (Laughter笑聲)
21
61553
2320
你可以就在裡面撕來用。(笑聲)
01:15
So it's very useful有用.
22
63873
2392
看,它實在是非常實用。
01:18
Year 2000, there was a big expo博覽會 in Germany德國.
23
66265
4039
2000 年,德國有一個大型的博覽會。
01:22
I was asked to design設計 the building建造,
24
70304
2619
我應邀去設計建築,
01:24
because the theme主題 of the expo博覽會 was environmental環境的 issues問題.
25
72923
2794
因為那個博展會的主題是環境議題。
01:27
So I was chosen選擇 to build建立 the pavilion out of paper tubes,
26
75717
4488
所以我選擇建造一所紙管築成的展示館,
01:32
recyclable可回收 paper.
27
80205
1727
用的是循環再用紙。
01:33
My goal目標 of the design設計 is not when it's completed完成.
28
81932
2970
我設計的目的不是在於將它完成。
01:36
My goal目標 was when the building建造 was demolished拆除,
29
84902
2084
而是在建築被拆的時候,
01:38
because each country國家 makes品牌 a lot of pavilions展館
30
86986
3976
因為每一個國家都會建造許多的展示館
01:42
but after half a year, we create創建 a lot of industrial產業 waste浪費,
31
90962
3100
但是半年之後,那都將會成為一大堆工業廢料,
01:46
so my building建造 has to be reused重用 or recycled回收.
32
94062
4681
所以我的建築一定要是
可以翻用或者循環再用的。
01:50
After, the building建造 was recycled回收.
33
98743
2103
往後,建築被循環再用了。
01:52
So that was the goal目標 of my design設計.
34
100846
2646
這就是我做設計的原意。
01:55
Then I was very lucky幸運 to win贏得 the competition競爭
35
103492
3088
當年,我幸運地贏了比賽
01:58
to build建立 the second第二 Pompidou蓬皮杜 Center中央 in France法國
36
106580
2658
在法國的梅思城 (Metz),
02:01
in the city of Metz梅斯.
37
109238
1475
建築了第二個龐畢度中心。
02:02
Because I was so poor較差的,
38
110713
1496
因為我當時很窮,
02:04
I wanted to rent出租 an office辦公室 in Paris巴黎,
39
112209
2167
但我又想在巴黎有一個辦公室,
02:06
but I couldn't不能 afford給予 it,
40
114376
1517
可是我負擔不來,
02:07
so I decided決定 to bring帶來 my students學生們 to Paris巴黎
41
115893
2041
所以我決定帶我的學生到巴黎,
02:09
to build建立 our office辦公室 on top最佳 of the Pompidou蓬皮杜 Center中央 in Paris巴黎
42
117934
3516
在巴黎的龐畢度中心的頂層
02:13
by ourselves我們自己.
43
121450
1235
建立起我的辦公室。
02:14
So we brought the paper tubes and the wooden joints關節
44
122685
3329
因此我們帶了一些紙管和木結合
02:18
to complete完成 the 35-meter-long米高長 office辦公室.
45
126014
4085
完成了我們 35 米長的辦公室。
02:22
We stayed there for six years年份 without paying付款 any rent出租.
46
130099
3034
我們在那裡待了六年,不用付任何的房租。
02:25
(Laughter笑聲) (Applause掌聲)
47
133133
3871
(笑聲)(掌聲)
02:29
Thank you. I had one big problem問題.
48
137004
2387
謝謝。可是,我還是有一個大難題。
02:31
Because we were part部分 of the exhibition展覽,
49
139391
2354
因為,我們也是展覽的一部分,
02:33
even if my friend朋友 wanted to see me, they had to buy購買 a ticket to see me.
50
141745
3304
所以我的朋友要是來看我,
她/他們都需要買票。
02:37
That was the problem問題.
51
145049
2203
這可真是一個難題。
02:39
Then I completed完成 the Pompidou蓬皮杜 Center中央 in Metz梅斯.
52
147252
2768
當我完成了梅思的龐畢度中心。
02:42
It's a very popular流行 museum博物館 now,
53
150020
1954
它現在已經是一所出名的博物館,
02:43
and I created創建 a big monument紀念碑 for the government政府.
54
151974
3166
而且我還為政府設計一所龐大的紀念館。
02:47
But then I was very disappointed失望
55
155140
1899
可是當時我感到非常失望
02:49
at my profession職業 as an architect建築師,
56
157039
2596
因為我作為一位專業的建築師
02:51
because we are not helping幫助, we are not working加工 for society社會,
57
159635
4028
卻沒有為社會作出什麼貢獻,
02:55
but we are working加工 for privileged特權 people,
58
163663
3244
我們都在為特權的人士服務,
02:58
rich豐富 people, government政府, developers開發商.
59
166907
3192
那些富人,政府及發展商們。
03:02
They have money and power功率.
60
170099
2520
他們有錢又有勢力。
03:04
Those are invisible無形.
61
172619
1797
可那些都是不易被看見的。
03:06
So they hire聘請 us to visualize想像 their power功率 and money
62
174416
3828
於是,他們聘請我們
來建立紀念館式的建築
03:10
by making製造 monumental紀念 architecture建築.
63
178244
2218
去展視他們的財富與權力。
03:12
That is our profession職業, even historically歷史 it's the same相同,
64
180477
2165
這就是我們的專業,
儘管在過去的歷史發展中,它還是一樣,
03:14
even now we are doing the same相同.
65
182642
2352
直到現在,我們依然做著同樣的事情。
03:16
So I was very disappointed失望 that we are not working加工 for society社會,
66
184994
3324
我為了我們不曾為社會做事情而失望,
03:20
even though雖然 there are so many許多 people
67
188318
3987
儘管世界上有那麼多人
03:24
who lost丟失 their houses房屋 by natural自然 disasters災害.
68
192320
2892
因為天災而痛失家園。
03:27
But I must必須 say they are no longer natural自然 disasters災害.
69
195212
3043
我一定要說的是,沒有天然災害。
03:30
For example, earthquakes地震 never kill people,
70
198255
2985
舉個例子,地震永遠不會殺人,
03:33
but collapse坍方 of the buildings房屋 kill people.
71
201240
2173
可是倒塌的建築物卻殺了人。
03:35
That's the responsibility責任 of architects建築師.
72
203413
2040
這實在是建築師的責任。
03:37
Then people need some temporary臨時 housing住房,
73
205453
1737
當人們需要一些臨時房屋,
03:39
but there are no architects建築師 working加工 there
74
207190
1662
卻沒有建築師為了她/他們工作,
03:40
because we are too busy working加工 for privileged特權 people.
75
208852
3660
我們都在忙著為特權人士服務。
03:44
So I thought, even as architects建築師,
76
212512
3879
我想,建築師們其實也
03:48
we can be involved參與 in the reconstruction重建 of temporary臨時 housing住房.
77
216391
4756
可以加入參與重建臨時房屋的行列,
03:53
We can make it better.
78
221147
1792
把它做的更好。
03:54
So that is why I started開始 working加工 in disaster災害 areas.
79
222939
4033
這是為什麼我開始在災區工作。
03:58
1994, there was a big disaster災害 in Rwanda盧旺達, Africa非洲.
80
226972
3726
1994 年,在非洲的盧旺達有一場大災難。
04:02
Two tribes部落, Hutu胡圖族 and Tutsi西人, fought戰鬥 each other.
81
230698
2732
兩個部族:胡圖和圖西族互相屠殺。
04:05
Over two million百萬 people became成為 refugees難民.
82
233430
2498
有超過兩百萬人因此成為難民。
04:07
But I was so surprised詫異 to see the shelter庇護, refugee難民 camp
83
235928
3751
可是,當我看見那些由聯合國管理的
04:11
organized有組織的 by the U.N.
84
239679
2234
庇護中心和難民營的時候,
04:13
They're so poor較差的, and they are freezing冷凍
85
241913
3294
看見那些難民多可憐,
她/他們都快要冷得結冰了,
04:17
with blankets毯子 during the rainy多雨的 season季節,
86
245207
2123
在雨季裡,她/他們只有包著毛毯,
04:19
In the shelters候車亭 built內置 by the U.N.,
87
247330
2755
在聯合國的庇護中心內,
04:22
they were just providing提供 a plastic塑料 sheet,
88
250085
2306
她/他們只有塑料的墊子,
04:24
and the refugees難民 had to cut the trees樹木, and just like this.
89
252391
4149
難民需要去砍樹,就像這樣。
04:28
But over two million百萬 people cut trees樹木.
90
256540
1766
不過,當超過兩百萬的人在砍樹,
04:30
It just became成為 big, heavy deforestation森林砍伐
91
258306
2791
那將會變成一場很嚴重的滅林和
04:33
and an environmental環境的 problem問題.
92
261097
1733
帶來很多環境問題。
04:34
That is why they started開始 providing提供 aluminum pipes管道, aluminum barracks軍營.
93
262830
3230
這是為什麼他們開始供應
(不清潔的)管子和兵營。
04:38
Very expensive昂貴, they throw them out for money,
94
266060
2287
那是非常昂貴的,於是他們又停了發款,
04:40
then cutting切割 trees樹木 again.
95
268347
1926
於是,難民們又開始砍樹。
04:42
So I proposed建議 my idea理念 to improve提高 the situation情況
96
270273
4021
我提出我的構思去改善這個情況,
04:46
using運用 these recycled回收 paper tubes
97
274294
2160
建議他們用循環再用的紙管
04:48
because this is so cheap低廉 and also so strong強大,
98
276454
2933
因為這是很平宜而又堅韌的物料,
04:51
but my budget預算 is only 50 U.S. dollars美元 per unit單元.
99
279387
2747
在我的預算裡,一個單位只需要 50 美金。
04:54
We built內置 50 units單位 to do that as a monitoring監控 test測試
100
282134
2961
我們建造了 50 個單位來作耐用、濕度及白蟻...
04:57
for the durability耐久力 and moisture濕氣 and termites白蟻, so on.
101
285095
5706
等等的監控測試。
05:02
And then, year afterward之後, 1995, in Kobe科比, Japan日本,
102
290801
4580
1995 年,在日本的神戶,
05:07
we had a big earthquake地震.
103
295381
1793
我們又發生一場很嚴重的地震。
05:09
Nearly幾乎 7,000 people were killed殺害,
104
297174
2512
接近 7000 人遇難,
05:11
and the city like this Nagata永田 district,
105
299686
2991
整個城市像這個長田區,
05:14
all the city was burned in a fire after the earthquake地震.
106
302677
3318
在地震之後,整個城市都在大火之中。
05:17
And also I found發現 out there's many許多 Vietnamese越南 refugees難民
107
305995
3941
同時,我發現那裡有很多越南難民
05:21
suffering痛苦 and gathering蒐集 at a Catholic天主教徒 church教會 --
108
309936
2595
在一所天主教教堂裡聚集
05:24
all the building建造 was totally完全 destroyed銷毀.
109
312531
1919
所有的建築物都已經完全被摧毀。
05:26
So I went there and also I proposed建議 to the priests牧師,
110
314450
3501
我到了那裡,向神父提出建議,
05:29
"Why don't we rebuild重建 the church教會 out of paper tubes?"
111
317951
2618
“為什麼我們不用紙管來重建教堂?”
05:32
And he said, "Oh God, are you crazy?
112
320569
3140
可是他說:“哦,上帝喔,你是不是精神有問題?
05:35
After a fire, what are you proposing建議?"
113
323709
2109
經過一場大火之後,你還要提出這個嗎?“
05:37
So he never trusted信任 me, but I didn't give up.
114
325818
3628
他沒有相信我,可是我沒有放棄。
05:41
I started開始 commuting上下班 to Kobe科比,
115
329446
1882
我開始在神戶把社區聯繫起來,
05:43
and I met會見 the society社會 of Vietnamese越南 people.
116
331328
2629
我去見了越南社團的人。
05:45
They were living活的 like this with very poor較差的 plastic塑料 sheets床單
117
333957
2667
他們就是這樣依靠塑料的墊子
05:48
in the park公園.
118
336624
1281
在公園裡面生活。
05:49
So I proposed建議 to rebuild重建. I raised上調 -- did fundraising籌款.
119
337905
3242
我跟他們建議重建。
我去籌款,而且籌到了錢。
05:53
I made製作 a paper tube shelter庇護 for them,
120
341147
2556
幫他們用紙管建立起了庇護中心,
05:55
and in order訂購 to make it easy簡單 to be built內置 by students學生們
121
343703
2958
這個讓學生們很容易的把它建立起來,
05:58
and also easy簡單 to demolish拆除,
122
346661
1583
也能輕易的拆除,
06:00
I used beer啤酒 crates包裝箱 as a foundation基礎.
123
348244
3209
我用啤酒的板條箱做地基。
06:03
I asked the Kirin麒麟 beer啤酒 company公司 to propose提出,
124
351453
2590
我問了 Kirin 啤酒公司
06:06
because at that time, the Asahi beer啤酒 company公司
125
354043
2720
因為那個時候,Asahi 啤酒公司
06:08
made製作 their plastic塑料 beer啤酒 crates包裝箱 red,
126
356763
2012
已經開始用紅色的塑料啤酒板條箱,
06:10
which哪一個 doesn't go with the color顏色 of the paper tubes.
127
358775
2414
這個跟紙筒的顏色不配。
06:13
The color顏色 coordination協調 is very important重要.
128
361189
2318
要知道喔,顏色的配合是非常重要的。
06:15
And also I still remember記得, we were expecting期待
129
363507
3193
我還是記得,我們會期待
06:18
to have a beer啤酒 inside the plastic塑料 beer啤酒 crate,
130
366700
2355
在啤酒板條箱裡會找到剩下來的啤酒,
06:21
but it came來了 empty. (Laughter笑聲)
131
369055
1894
可是,它總是空空的。(笑聲)
06:22
So I remember記得 it was so disappointing令人失望.
132
370949
3392
那曾經是多麼令人沮喪的!
06:26
So during the summer夏季 with my students學生們,
133
374341
2238
在夏天,我跟學生們在一起,
06:28
we built內置 over 50 units單位 of the shelters候車亭.
134
376579
2186
我們建成了超過 50 個庇護中心單位。
06:30
Finally最後 the priest牧師, finally最後 he trusted信任 me to rebuild重建.
135
378765
2771
最後,神父終於相信我們,讓我們進行重建。
06:33
He said, "As long as you collect蒐集 money by yourself你自己,
136
381536
2291
他說:“當你籌到需要的錢,
06:35
bring帶來 your students學生們 to build建立, you can do it."
137
383827
2254
你和你的學生就去開始吧。”
06:38
So we spent花費 five weeks rebuilding重建 the church教會.
138
386081
2483
我們花了五個星期去重建教會。
06:40
It was meant意味著 to stay there for three years年份,
139
388564
3498
那本來說好是用三年的,
06:44
but actually其實 it stayed there 10 years年份 because people loved喜愛 it.
140
392062
3298
但實際上,它已經
被用上了十年,人們都很喜歡。
06:47
Then, in Taiwan台灣, they had a big earthquake地震,
141
395360
3809
後來台灣發生了一場嚴重的地震,
06:51
and we proposed建議 to donate this church教會,
142
399169
3950
我們建議捐出這所教會,
06:55
so we dismantled拆除 them,
143
403119
1601
所以我們把它拆卸了,
06:56
we sent發送 them over to be built內置 by volunteer志願者 people.
144
404720
2245
送往台灣,再由志願人士把它建立起來。
06:58
It stayed there in Taiwan台灣 as a permanent常駐 church教會 even now.
145
406965
3624
至今,它在台灣已經成為了一所永久的教會。
07:02
So this building建造 became成為 a permanent常駐 building建造.
146
410589
2491
這些建築成為了永久的建築。
07:05
Then I wonder奇蹟, what is a permanent常駐 and what is a temporary臨時 building建造?
147
413080
4649
然而,我卻開始疑惑,
到底什麼建築是永久的,什麼是臨時的呢?
07:09
Even a building建造 made製作 in paper
148
417729
1933
一座建築儘管是紙做的,可是
07:11
can be permanent常駐 as long as people love it.
149
419662
3530
只要人們喜歡,它就可以成為永久的。
07:15
Even a concrete具體 building建造 can be very temporary臨時
150
423192
2296
而一座為了賺錢而建立的堅固的建築,
07:17
if that is made製作 to make money.
151
425488
2017
它也可以是臨時的。
07:19
In 1999, in Turkey火雞, the big earthquake地震,
152
427505
2710
1999 年, 在土耳其有一場大地震,
07:22
I went there to use the local本地 material材料 to build建立 a shelter庇護.
153
430215
4150
我到了那裡,用了當地的物料去建庇護中心。
07:26
2001, in West西 India印度, I built內置 also a shelter庇護.
154
434365
3854
2001 年,在西印度, 我也建了另一所。
07:30
In 2004, in Sri斯里蘭卡 Lanka斯里蘭卡, after the Sumatra蘇門答臘 earthquake地震
155
438219
4081
2004 年,在斯里蘭卡發生蘇門答臘地震,
07:34
and tsunami海嘯, I rebuilt重建 Islamic清真 fishermen's漁民 villages村莊.
156
442300
3681
還有海嘯之後,我建立了一條伊斯蘭漁民的鄉村。
07:37
And in 2008, in Chengdu成都, Sichuan四川 area in China中國,
157
445981
5451
2008 年,在中國四川的成都,
07:43
nearly幾乎 70,000 people were killed殺害,
158
451432
2926
接近 70,000 人(在地震中)死亡,
07:46
and also especially特別 many許多 of the schools學校 were destroyed銷毀
159
454358
3085
當中有很多人是因為
當地官商勾結的問題學校
07:49
because of the corruption腐敗 between之間 the authority權威 and the contractor承包商.
160
457443
3450
倒塌而死亡。
07:52
I was asked to rebuild重建 the temporary臨時 church教會.
161
460893
2968
我被要求去重建臨時的教會。
07:55
I brought my Japanese日本 students學生們 to work with the Chinese中文 students學生們.
162
463861
3786
我帶了我的日本學生去跟中國學生們一起工作。
07:59
In one month, we completed完成 nine classrooms教室,
163
467647
2861
在一個月內,我們就完成了九個
08:02
over 500 square廣場 meters.
164
470508
1652
超過 500 平房米的課室。
08:04
It's still used, even after the current當前 earthquake地震 in China中國.
165
472160
4472
縱使在最近中國發生的地震過後,
它們還在被使用著。
08:08
In 2009, in Italy意大利, L'Aquila拉奎拉, also they had a big earthquake地震.
166
476632
5464
2009 年,在義大利拉魁拉也發生了一場大地震。
08:14
And this is a very interesting有趣 photo照片:
167
482096
2352
這是一張很有趣的照片:
08:16
former前任的 Prime主要 Minister部長 Berlusconi貝盧斯科尼
168
484448
2717
(義大利的)前總理貝盧斯科尼和
08:19
and Japanese日本 former前任的 former前任的 former前任的 former前任的 Prime主要 Minister部長 Mr先生. Aso麻生太郎 --
169
487165
4418
日本的前前前前首相麻生太郎
08:23
you know, because we have to change更改 the prime主要 minister部長 ever year.
170
491583
3881
你知道嗎,我們是必須在每年都更換首相的。
08:27
And they are very kind, affording得到 my model模型.
171
495464
4962
他們都很善良,接受我的模型。
08:32
I proposed建議 a big rebuilding重建, a temporary臨時 music音樂 hall大廳,
172
500426
4399
我建議了一項大型的重建,
一個臨時的音樂廳,
08:36
because L'Aquila拉奎拉 is very famous著名 for music音樂
173
504825
2444
因為拉魁拉是一個音樂很出名的地方
08:39
and all the concert音樂會 halls大廳 were destroyed銷毀,
174
507269
1425
但是,所有的表演廳都被毀了,
08:40
so musicians音樂家 were moving移動 out.
175
508694
2132
音樂師們只能遷出。
08:42
So I proposed建議 to the mayor市長,
176
510826
1427
所以,我向市長建議,
08:44
I'd like to rebuild重建 the temporary臨時 auditorium禮堂.
177
512253
2235
我希望可以重建一所臨時的會堂。
08:46
He said, "As long as you bring帶來 your money, you can do it."
178
514488
2946
他說:“當你籌到所需要的錢,你就開始吧。”
08:49
And I was very lucky幸運.
179
517434
1183
我當時很幸運。
08:50
Mr先生. Berlusconi貝盧斯科尼 brought G8 summit首腦,
180
518617
2301
貝盧斯科尼在帶領了 G8 峰會,
08:52
and our former前任的 prime主要 minister部長 came來了,
181
520918
2106
和我們的前首相來,
08:55
so they helped幫助 us to collect蒐集 money,
182
523024
3205
他們幫忙我們籌款,
08:58
and I got half a million百萬 euros歐元 from the Japanese日本 government政府
183
526229
2843
而我又從日本政府處帶來了 50 萬歐元
09:01
to rebuild重建 this temporary臨時 auditorium禮堂.
184
529072
2887
去重建這一所臨時會堂。
09:03
Year 2010 in Haiti海地, there was a big earthquake地震,
185
531959
4720
2010 年,在海地有一場大地震,
09:08
but it's impossible不可能 to fly over,
186
536679
1591
那時候,我們根本沒辦法坐飛機過去,
09:10
so I went to Santo城主 Domingo多明戈, next-door隔壁 country國家,
187
538270
3017
只有從隔壁的國家聖多明哥,
09:13
to drive駕駛 six hours小時 to get to Haiti海地
188
541287
2915
開了六個小時的車到了海地,
09:16
with the local本地 students學生們 in Santo城主 Domingo多明戈
189
544202
3291
跟當地的學生在聖多明哥
09:19
to build建立 50 units單位 of shelter庇護 out of local本地 paper tubes.
190
547493
3453
用紙管建造出 50 個庇護中心單位。
09:22
This is what happened發生 in Japan日本 two years年份 ago, in northern北方 Japan日本.
191
550946
3613
這是兩年前,在日本北部發生的。
09:26
After the earthquake地震 and tsunami海嘯,
192
554559
1875
在地震和海嘯之後,
09:28
people had to be evacuated疏散 in a big room房間 like a gymnasium健身房.
193
556434
3787
人們需要遷到一個大的空間,像體育館。
09:32
But look at this. There's no privacy隱私.
194
560221
1901
可是,請看看這一張,他們完全沒有隱私。
09:34
People suffer遭受 mentally精神上 and physically物理.
195
562122
2867
人們是同時承受著肉體和精神上的創傷。
09:36
So we went there to build建立 partitions分區
196
564989
3391
所以,我們在那裡跟所有的志願學生
09:40
with all the student學生 volunteers志願者 with paper tubes,
197
568380
3263
用紙管建立起屏風,
09:43
just a very simple簡單 shelter庇護 out of the tube frame and the curtain窗簾.
198
571643
4231
只是用框架架起地毯,
就能變成了簡單的庇護所。
09:47
However然而, some of the facility設施 authority權威
199
575874
2516
無奈,一些設施管理層
09:50
doesn't want us to do it, because, they said,
200
578390
2047
不想我們這樣做,因為,他們說,
09:52
simply只是, it's become成為 more difficult to control控制 them.
201
580437
3197
簡單來說,那讓他們變得更難去控制管理。
09:55
But it's really necessary必要 to do it.
202
583634
2482
可是,當時真的有這樣做的需要。
09:58
They don't have enough足夠 flat平面 area to build建立
203
586116
2505
因為他們沒有足夠的空間去
10:00
standard標準 government政府 single-story單層 housing住房 like this one.
204
588621
3285
建立像這樣的政府標準單層房子。
10:03
Look at this. Even civil國內 government政府 is doing
205
591906
2250
看這一張,地區政府正在建造
10:06
such這樣 poor較差的 construction施工 of the temporary臨時 housing住房,
206
594156
4129
一些結構很差的臨時住房,
10:10
so dense稠密 and so messy because there is no storage存儲, nothing, water is leaking洩漏,
207
598285
6531
那裡沒有儲物處...漏水,太密集和混雜的,
10:16
so I thought, we have to make multi-story多層 building建造
208
604816
3269
因為現場的地方不足又不是很舒適,
10:20
because there's no land土地 and also it's not very comfortable自在.
209
608085
3025
我想我們必須去建立多層建築,
10:23
So I proposed建議 to the mayor市長 while I was making製造 partitions分區.
210
611110
4930
於是,當我在做屏風的時候,
我就把建議告訴市長。
10:28
Finally最後 I met會見 a very nice不錯 mayor市長 in Onagawa女川 village
211
616040
3631
最終,我在宮城縣的女川
10:31
in Miyagi宮城.
212
619671
1320
遇上了一位很好商量的市長。
10:32
He asked me to build建立 three-story三層樓 housing住房 on baseball棒球 [fields領域].
213
620991
4386
他讓我在籃球場上建立起三層高的房屋。
10:37
I used the shipping運輸 container容器
214
625377
2726
我用了貨櫃箱
10:40
and also the students學生們 helped幫助 us to make
215
628103
2453
還有,學生幫我們完成了
10:42
all the building建造 furniture家具
216
630556
2798
所有的建築及準備傢俬
10:45
to make them comfortable自在,
217
633354
1692
讓房子不僅能夠在政府提供的預算內完工,
10:47
within the budget預算 of the government政府
218
635046
2275
還變得更舒適。
10:49
but also the area of the house is exactly究竟 the same相同,
219
637321
3909
那是跟區內其他房子一模一樣,
10:53
but much more comfortable自在.
220
641230
1140
而同時又更舒適的。
10:54
Many許多 of the people want to stay here forever永遠.
221
642370
3132
很多人說想永遠的住下去。
10:57
I was very happy快樂 to hear that.
222
645502
2562
我很興奮聽到這樣的話。
11:00
Now I am working加工 in New Zealand新西蘭, Christchurch克賴斯特徹奇.
223
648064
3937
現在,我正在新西蘭的基督城裡工作。
11:04
About 20 days before the Japanese日本 earthquake地震 happened發生,
224
652001
3847
大約就在日本地震發生前 20 天,
11:07
also they had a big earthquake地震,
225
655848
1505
那裡也發生了一場大地震,
11:09
and many許多 Japanese日本 students學生們 were also killed殺害,
226
657353
2561
有許多的日本學生在當中遇難,
11:11
and the most important重要 cathedral大教堂 of the city,
227
659914
2319
城裡最重要的天主教堂,
11:14
the symbol符號 of Christchurch克賴斯特徹奇, was totally完全 destroyed銷毀.
228
662233
2771
基督城的象徵也都被徹底的毀滅了。
11:17
And I was asked to come to rebuild重建 the temporary臨時 cathedral大教堂.
229
665004
4098
我被叫來重建一所臨時的天主教堂。
11:21
So this is under construction施工.
230
669102
2287
這個還在建築當中。
11:23
And I'd like to keep building建造 monuments紀念碑
231
671389
3340
我希望我能保存人們所愛的
11:26
that are beloved心愛 by people.
232
674729
2230
不朽建築。
11:28
Thank you very much.
233
676959
1439
非常感謝!
11:30
(Applause掌聲)
234
678398
1936
(掌聲)
11:32
Thank you. (Applause掌聲)
235
680334
2733
謝謝(掌聲)
11:35
Thank you very much. (Applause掌聲)
236
683067
2757
非常感謝! (掌聲)
Translated by Sharon Loh
Reviewed by Ning Zhang

▲Back to top

ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Shigeru Ban - Architect
Most people look at cardboard tubes and see something fit for the recycling bin. But architect Shigeru Ban turns them into beautiful buildings.

Why you should listen

Shigeru Ban's architecture redefines aesthetics, space, structure and even the idea of permanence. In 1986, for the Alvar Aalto Exhibition near Tokyo, Ban experimented with constructing a building from long paper tubes, the kind found at textile factories. The tubes ended up being much stronger than he had imagined, and were easier to waterproof and fireproof than he had guessed. Ban created many experimental buildings in this vein -- from the Japanese Pavilion at Expo 2000 in Germany, which was meant to be recycled upon demolition, to an office for himself and his students set atop the Pompidou Centre in Paris, where they worked for six years.

But Ban's paper-tube designs have found another use -- as emergency shelters for those who have lost their homes in disasters and wars. In 1994, Ban created shelters for refugees in Rwanda. The next year, after an earthquake in Japan, he rebuilt a local church out of paper tubes that became a local fixture for 10 years. His designs -- both low-cost, and dignity-building -- have housed people affected by disasters in Taiwan, China, Haiti, Turkey and Sri Lanka. He helped develop a shelter system after the Japanese earthquake and tsunami of 2011.

The founder of Shigeru Ban Architects, Ban is the 2014 Pritzker Prize winner. He teaches at Kyoto University of Art and Design.

More profile about the speaker
Shigeru Ban | Speaker | TED.com