Ramanan Laxminarayan: The coming crisis in antibiotics
رامانان لاكسميناريان: أزمة المضادات الحيوية القادمة
At the Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy, economist Ramanan Laxminarayan looks at big-picture issues of global health. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
treated with an antibiotic
while working in the garden.
حينما كان يعمل في الحديقة.
his head was swollen
في أوكسفورد،
used to treat a human,
knew if the drug would work,
كيف حتى سيعمل الدواء،
that would kill the patient,
وقد يتسبب ذلك في موت المريض،
they might as well use it
في شخص سوف يموت لا محالة.
his appetite came back.
run out of penicillin,
was run with his urine
the penicillin from his urine
millions of other people,
again in the early 1940s,
مرة أخرى بداية الأربعينات،
wonder drug, penicillin.
used rather frivolously
with just a cold or the flu,
responded to an antibiotic,
used in large quantities
means in small concentrations,
on the price of meat,
antibiotics on animals,
المضادات الحيوية على الحيوانات،
الهائل للمضادات الحيوية
selection pressure on bacteria
about this in the newspapers,
عن ذلك في الجرائد،
of carbapenem resistance in acinetobacter.
مقاومة الأسينيتوبكتر للكاربابينيم
across the United States.
عبر الولايات المتحدة.
when we play the video.
حين نقوم بتشغيل الفيديو.
فهو الآن بالتأكيد أسوء بكثير
مقاومة المضادات الحيوية.
you might say, well,
to use antibiotics as much,
يستخدموا المضادات كثيرًا،
not to demand antibiotics,
fundamental about antibiotics
في المضادات الحيوية
others are affected as well,
بل الآخرون أيضًا،
choose to drive to work
أن أقود إلى العمل
الجاري في كل مكان،
these costs into consideration.
هذه التكاليف في الاعتبار.
call a problem of the commons,
مشكلة مشتركة،
of antibiotics as well:
that they impose on others
المضادات الحيوية فعليًا.
and climate change.
you can deal with the problem.
أن تتعاملوا مع المشكلة بهما.
use of the oil that we have,
استخدام للنفط الذي لدينا
"drill, baby, drill" option,
الحفر للبحث عن النفط أكثر وأكثر
is to go find new antibiotics.
إيجاد مضادات حيوية جديدة.
لأننا لو استثمرنا بكثافة
for conservation of oil
to happen for antibiotics.
يحدث للمضادات الحيوية.
to happen, which is that
to make the investments
this particular picture,
playing against the bacteria,
التي نلعبها ضد البكتريا،
ahead of the bacteria?
إدارة الغذاء والدواء التنظيمية.
game that can be sustained,
لعبة نستطيع مجاراتها،
can borrow from energy
the costs of pollution
which don't pollute as much
good substitutes for antibiotics?
الجيدة للمضادات الحيوية؟
hospital infection control
مكافحة العدوى بالمستشفيات
the seasonal influenza.
as in many other countries,
something like tradeable permits.
شيئًا ما مثل التصاريح التجارية.
fact that we might not
people who have infections,
للعديد من الناس المصابين بعدوى،
أكثر من الآخرين،
be on the basis of clinical need,
على أساس الاحتياج السريري،
في استخدام المضادات الحيوية
دون أن يعرفوا بالضرورة
التي قد استخدموها
informational feedback,
some information back
بعض المعلومات التي تعود
been introduced since then —
paying 10 cents a day for antibiotics,
للمضادات الحيوية،
antibiotics as a given
looking at other technologies,
إلى تكنولوجيا أخرى،
gasoline prices are a signal
seem unusual for antibiotics,
غير عادية للمضادات الحيوية،
for a few months or perhaps a year,
لشهور قليلة أو ربما سنة،
antibiotics starts going higher,
الجديدة في الزيادة،
market does actually respond,
antibiotics and development.
في مضادات حيوية جديدة
لتلك المضادات الحيوية،
"سوف تجد الطبيعة سبيل."
permanent solutions.
whatever the technology might be,
التكنولوجيا
way to work around it.
this is just a problem
have the exact same
many other fields as well,
من الميادين الأخرى أيضًا،
in India and South Africa.
في الهند وجنوب أفريقيا.
treat malaria around the world
لعلاج الملاريا حول العالم
safe and efficacious.
know about head lice,
أن تعرفوا عن قمل الرأس
specialty there is bedbugs.
example from across the pond.
من الجانب الآخر من البركة.
also resistant to poisons.
to all of these things is
the last 70, 80 or 100 years
أو 80، أو 100 عامًا فقط
evolution was going to find
start thinking about them
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ramanan Laxminarayan - Drug-resistance economistAt the Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy, economist Ramanan Laxminarayan looks at big-picture issues of global health.
Why you should listen
Economist Ramanan Laxminarayan works to improve understanding of drug resistance as a problem of managing a shared global resource. As Director and Senior Fellow at the Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy (CDDEP), he is interested in cross-disciplinary, pragmatic solutions to reduce drug resistance. He has advised the World Health Organization and World Bank on evaluating malaria treatment policy, vaccination strategies, the economic burden of tuberculosis, and control of non-communicable diseases. He was a key architect of the Affordable Medicines Facility for malaria, a novel financing mechanism to improve access and delay resistance to antimalarial drugs. In 2012, he created the Immunization Technical Support Unit in India, which has been credited with improving the immunization program in the country. He teaches at Princeton.
As he says: "It has been a long time since people died of untreatable bacterial infections, and the prospect of returning to that world is worrying."Ramanan Laxminarayan | Speaker | TED.com