Ramanan Laxminarayan: The coming crisis in antibiotics
Ramanan Laxminarayan: Nadcházející krize antibiotik
At the Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy, economist Ramanan Laxminarayan looks at big-picture issues of global health. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
treated with an antibiotic
který kdy byl léčen antibiotiky
while working in the garden.
his head was swollen
v Radcliffově nemocnici v Oxfordu
used to treat a human,
nebyl použit k léčbě lidí.
zda bude lék fungovat,
knew if the drug would work,
that would kill the patient,
tak klidně mohl pacienta zabít.
they might as well use it
kdo by stejně zemřel.
his appetite came back.
vrátila se mu chuť k jídlu.
run out of penicillin,
was run with his urine
do laboratoře přes ulici
the penicillin from his urine
millions of other people,
na počátku čtyřicátých let,
again in the early 1940s,
během pouhých šesti dní se zotavilo
wonder drug, penicillin.
used rather frivolously
with just a cold or the flu,
responded to an antibiotic,
used in large quantities
means in small concentrations,
aby urychlily růst kuřat a prasat.
na ceně masa,
on the price of meat,
antibiotics on animals,
ne na léčení nemocných zvířat,
selection pressure on bacteria
takový selekční tlak,
about this in the newspapers,
četli v novinách,
význam tohoto problému.
vůči carbapenemu u acinetobakterů.
of carbapenem resistance in acinetobacter.
nemocniční bakterie,
across the United States.
when we play the video.
co s stalo..
vůči antibiotikům.
you might say, well,
antibiotika tak často,
to use antibiotics as much,
antibiotika tak často,
not to demand antibiotics,
fundamental about antibiotics
others are affected as well,
jako když jedu do práce autem
choose to drive to work
these costs into consideration.
problémem ‚obecní pastviny‘
call a problem of the commons,
of antibiotics as well:
které dopadají na ostatní kvůli způsobu,
that they impose on others
a ke změně klimatu.
and climate change.
you can deal with the problem.
use of the oil that we have,
lepším způsobem
"drill, baby, drill" option,
znamená hledání nových antibiotik.
is to go find new antibiotics.
protože když silně investujeme
for conservation of oil
stejným způsobem
to happen for antibiotics.
jako v případě antibiotik.
to happen, which is that
to make the investments
this particular picture,
zase proto,
playing against the bacteria,
ahead of the bacteria?
před bakteriemi my?
game that can be sustained,
can borrow from energy
můžeme inspirovat v energetice.
the costs of pollution
by platili ti,
v případě antibiotik
which don't pollute as much
které neznečišťují tolik.
good substitutes for antibiotics?
jaké jsou vhodné náhrady za antibiotika?
hospital infection control
infekcí v nemocnicích
the seasonal influenza.
as in many other countries,
something like tradeable permits.
obchodovatelné poukázky, což je...
fact that we might not
pro mnohé nakažené lidi,
people who have infections,
pro podání antibiotik
be on the basis of clinical need,
na základě klinické potřeby,
kteří nadužívají antibiotika
informational feedback,
této informační zpětné vazby,
some information back
poskytnutí informací lékařům
been introduced since then —
které byly zavedeny poté
paying 10 cents a day for antibiotics,
za antibiotika10 centů denně,
antibiotics as a given
nadále neměli levná, účinná antibiotika
po dalších technologiích,
looking at other technologies,
gasoline prices are a signal
seem unusual for antibiotics,
se zdají být nezvyklé,
pouze na pár měsíců nebo možná i rok,
for a few months or perhaps a year,
o hrůzu nahánějící posun
probiotika, synbiotika,
(quorum sensing).
antibiotics starts going higher,
market does actually respond,
a jejich vývoje.
antibiotics and development.
do nových antibiotik způsobem,
z Jurského parku:
permanent solutions.
whatever the technology might be,
že ať se jedná o jakoukoli technologii,
way to work around it.
this is just a problem
have the exact same
v dalších oblastech,
many other fields as well,
odolnou mnoha lékům,
in India and South Africa.
v Indii a Jižní Africe.
nefungují ani tyto,
na jednom léku, artemisininu,
treat malaria around the world
safe and efficacious.
know about head lice,
specialty there is bedbugs.
example from across the pond.
also resistant to poisons.
to all of these things is
kterými ovládáme přírodu,
the last 70, 80 or 100 years
evolution was going to find
start thinking about them
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ramanan Laxminarayan - Drug-resistance economistAt the Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy, economist Ramanan Laxminarayan looks at big-picture issues of global health.
Why you should listen
Economist Ramanan Laxminarayan works to improve understanding of drug resistance as a problem of managing a shared global resource. As Director and Senior Fellow at the Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy (CDDEP), he is interested in cross-disciplinary, pragmatic solutions to reduce drug resistance. He has advised the World Health Organization and World Bank on evaluating malaria treatment policy, vaccination strategies, the economic burden of tuberculosis, and control of non-communicable diseases. He was a key architect of the Affordable Medicines Facility for malaria, a novel financing mechanism to improve access and delay resistance to antimalarial drugs. In 2012, he created the Immunization Technical Support Unit in India, which has been credited with improving the immunization program in the country. He teaches at Princeton.
As he says: "It has been a long time since people died of untreatable bacterial infections, and the prospect of returning to that world is worrying."Ramanan Laxminarayan | Speaker | TED.com