Ramanan Laxminarayan: The coming crisis in antibiotics
رامانان لاکسمینارایان: بحرانهای آتیِ آنتی بیوتیکها
At the Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy, economist Ramanan Laxminarayan looks at big-picture issues of global health. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
treated with an antibiotic
while working in the garden.
his head was swollen
used to treat a human,
برای درمان انسان بکار نرفته بود،
knew if the drug would work,
that would kill the patient,
بیمار را خواهد کشت
they might as well use it
تحت معالجه با پنی سیلین قرار گرفت،
his appetite came back.
run out of penicillin,
was run with his urine
the penicillin from his urine
millions of other people,
again in the early 1940s,
wonder drug, penicillin.
used rather frivolously
with just a cold or the flu,
responded to an antibiotic,
used in large quantities
means in small concentrations,
on the price of meat,
antibiotics on animals,
selection pressure on bacteria
فشار انتخابی بر باکتریها شده
امروزه خود مشکلی است.
about this in the newspapers,
در روزنامه ها خوانده،
of carbapenem resistance in acinetobacter.
مقاومت اسینتو باکتر به کارباپنم است.
across the United States.
when we play the video.
چه اتفاق می افتد.
you might say, well,
to use antibiotics as much,
آنتی بیوتیک کم مصرف کنند،
not to demand antibiotics,
کمتر آنتی بیوتیک بخواهند،
fundamental about antibiotics
در آنتی بیوتیکها مشخص شده
others are affected as well,
تحت تاثیر قرار می دهم.
choose to drive to work
با ماشین سر کار بروم
که جهانشمول است،
these costs into consideration.
call a problem of the commons,
ممکن است به آن مشکل عمومی بگویند،
of antibiotics as well:
با آن مواجه هستیم:
that they impose on others
توجه نمی کنیم.
استفاده می شوند.
and climate change.
you can deal with the problem.
use of the oil that we have,
بطور بهینه استفاده کنیم
"drill, baby, drill" option,
is to go find new antibiotics.
اختراع آنتی بیوتیکهای جدید است.
اگر ما سرمایه گذاری زیادی بکنیم
for conservation of oil
to happen for antibiotics.
to happen, which is that
to make the investments
this particular picture,
playing against the bacteria,
ahead of the bacteria?
در برابر باکتری بایستیم؟
game that can be sustained,
can borrow from energy
the costs of pollution
چنین عمل کنیم،
which don't pollute as much
آلودگی کمتری دارند
good substitutes for antibiotics?
جانشینان خوب آنتی بیوتیکها کدامند؟
hospital infection control
the seasonal influenza.
as in many other countries,
something like tradeable permits.
شبیه محدودیت استفاده باشد.
fact that we might not
people who have infections,
بر مبنای نیاز کلینیکی باشد،
be on the basis of clinical need,
آنتی بیوتیک مصرف میکنند
informational feedback,
some information back
been introduced since then —
paying 10 cents a day for antibiotics,
antibiotics as a given
تکنولوژیهای دیگری هستیم،
looking at other technologies,
که قیمت بنزین به ما می رساند
gasoline prices are a signal
seem unusual for antibiotics,
در مقایسه با هزینه مصرف روزانه
for a few months or perhaps a year,
و سینبیوتیکها هستند.
برای ادامه هستند،
افزایش می یابد،
antibiotics starts going higher,
market does actually respond,
antibiotics and development.
بخاطر دارید
permanent solutions.
بیاد بیاوریم
whatever the technology might be,
way to work around it.
this is just a problem
have the exact same
many other fields as well,
in India and South Africa.
روبرو می شوید.
treat malaria around the world
safe and efficacious.
می دانید شپش چیه
know about head lice,
specialty there is bedbugs.
example from across the pond.
also resistant to poisons.
to all of these things is
کنترل کنیم
the last 70, 80 or 100 years
evolution was going to find
موجودات بیولوژیکی هستیم،
start thinking about them
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ramanan Laxminarayan - Drug-resistance economistAt the Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy, economist Ramanan Laxminarayan looks at big-picture issues of global health.
Why you should listen
Economist Ramanan Laxminarayan works to improve understanding of drug resistance as a problem of managing a shared global resource. As Director and Senior Fellow at the Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy (CDDEP), he is interested in cross-disciplinary, pragmatic solutions to reduce drug resistance. He has advised the World Health Organization and World Bank on evaluating malaria treatment policy, vaccination strategies, the economic burden of tuberculosis, and control of non-communicable diseases. He was a key architect of the Affordable Medicines Facility for malaria, a novel financing mechanism to improve access and delay resistance to antimalarial drugs. In 2012, he created the Immunization Technical Support Unit in India, which has been credited with improving the immunization program in the country. He teaches at Princeton.
As he says: "It has been a long time since people died of untreatable bacterial infections, and the prospect of returning to that world is worrying."Ramanan Laxminarayan | Speaker | TED.com