Ramanan Laxminarayan: The coming crisis in antibiotics
Ramanan Laxminarayan: A chegada da crise dos antibióticos
At the Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy, economist Ramanan Laxminarayan looks at big-picture issues of global health. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
treated with an antibiotic
com antibiótico
while working in the garden.
enquanto trabalhava no jardim.
his head was swollen
do Radcliffe, em Oxford,
used to treat a human,
para tratar um humano,
knew if the drug would work,
that would kill the patient,
que matariam o paciente.
they might as well use it
his appetite came back.
run out of penicillin,
was run with his urine
the penicillin from his urine
millions of other people,
de outras pessoas,
again in the early 1940s,
tratada no início da década de 1940,
wonder drug, penicillin.
maravilhosa, a penicilina.
used rather frivolously
with just a cold or the flu,
responded to an antibiotic,
used in large quantities
means in small concentrations,
em pequenas concentrações,
crescerem mais rápidos.
on the price of meat,
preço da carne,
antibiotics on animals,
selection pressure on bacteria
about this in the newspapers,
já leram isso nos jornais,
of carbapenem resistance in acinetobacter.
acinetobacter ao carbapenema
bactéria hospitalar,
across the United States.
when we play the video.
quando reproduzimos o vídeo.
muito pior agora
resistência aos antibióticos.
you might say, well,
to use antibiotics as much,
não prescreverem tanto
not to demand antibiotics,
tantos antibióticos,
fundamental about antibiotics
sobre antibióticos
others are affected as well,
mas os outros também.
choose to drive to work
dirijo para o trabalho
esses custos em consideração.
these costs into consideration.
call a problem of the commons,
problema de bem comum,
of antibiotics as well:
antibióticos também:
that they impose on others
and climate change.
às alterações climáticas.
you can deal with the problem.
lidar com o problema.
use of the oil that we have,
o petróleo que nós temos,
"drill, baby, drill" option,
"perfura, baby, perfura",
is to go find new antibiotics.
é ir procurar novos antibióticos.
se investirmos pesadamente
for conservation of oil
a conservação do petróleo,
to happen for antibiotics.
para os antibióticos.
to happen, which is that
to make the investments
que estamos jogando.
this particular picture,
nesta foto em particular,
playing against the bacteria,
contra as bactérias,
ahead of the bacteria?
à frente das bactérias?
game that can be sustained,
can borrow from energy
emprestadas da energia,
the costs of pollution
com os antibióticos também,
que os antibióticos
which don't pollute as much
que não poluem tanto
de combustíveis fósseis.
good substitutes for antibiotics?
para os antibióticos?
já serviria,
hospital infection control
de infecção hospitalar
the seasonal influenza.
as in many other countries,
something like tradeable permits.
como licenças negociáveis.
fact that we might not
people who have infections,
que têm infecções,
no lugar de outros,
be on the basis of clinical need,
usam antibióticos demais
antibióticos receitaram
informational feedback,
some information back
been introduced since then —
introduzidos desde então,
paying 10 cents a day for antibiotics,
10 centavos por dia pelo antibiótico,
antibiotics as a given
e eficazes como certos
looking at other technologies,
para outras tecnologias,
gasoline prices are a signal
o preço da gasolina é um sinal
considerar o fato de que
seem unusual for antibiotics,
incomuns aos antibióticos,
comparados ao preço diário
for a few months or perhaps a year,
alguns meses ou talvez um ano,
antibiotics starts going higher,
começar a subir,
market does actually respond,
realmente responde,
antibiotics and development.
e o desenvolvimento.
desses antibióticos,
encontrará um caminho."
permanent solutions.
sejam permanentes.
whatever the technology might be,
seja qual for a tecnologia,
way to work around it.
uma forma de contorná-la.
this is just a problem
have the exact same
many other fields as well,
outros campos também,
in India and South Africa.
na Índia e na África do Sul.
treat malaria around the world
tratar a malária no mundo,
safe and efficacious.
atualmente segura e eficaz.
know about head lice,
deve saber sobre os piolhos,
specialty there is bedbugs.
são os percevejos.
example from across the pond.
also resistant to poisons.
resistentes aos venenos.
to all of these things is
the last 70, 80 or 100 years
nos últimos 70, 80 ou 100 anos.
capacidade de controlar,
evolution was going to find
e a evolução encontrarão
os organismos biológicos
start thinking about them
começar a pensar sobre eles
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ramanan Laxminarayan - Drug-resistance economistAt the Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy, economist Ramanan Laxminarayan looks at big-picture issues of global health.
Why you should listen
Economist Ramanan Laxminarayan works to improve understanding of drug resistance as a problem of managing a shared global resource. As Director and Senior Fellow at the Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy (CDDEP), he is interested in cross-disciplinary, pragmatic solutions to reduce drug resistance. He has advised the World Health Organization and World Bank on evaluating malaria treatment policy, vaccination strategies, the economic burden of tuberculosis, and control of non-communicable diseases. He was a key architect of the Affordable Medicines Facility for malaria, a novel financing mechanism to improve access and delay resistance to antimalarial drugs. In 2012, he created the Immunization Technical Support Unit in India, which has been credited with improving the immunization program in the country. He teaches at Princeton.
As he says: "It has been a long time since people died of untreatable bacterial infections, and the prospect of returning to that world is worrying."Ramanan Laxminarayan | Speaker | TED.com